WO2011158430A1 - 液体混合装置、および液体クロマトグラフ - Google Patents
液体混合装置、および液体クロマトグラフ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011158430A1 WO2011158430A1 PCT/JP2011/002749 JP2011002749W WO2011158430A1 WO 2011158430 A1 WO2011158430 A1 WO 2011158430A1 JP 2011002749 W JP2011002749 W JP 2011002749W WO 2011158430 A1 WO2011158430 A1 WO 2011158430A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/28—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
- G01N30/34—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of fluid composition, e.g. gradient
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid mixing apparatus for mixing liquids, and a liquid chromatograph using the liquid mixing apparatus.
- a liquid mixing apparatus for mixing a plurality of eluents to form a mobile phase.
- This liquid mixing apparatus is hereinafter referred to as a mixer.
- Some mixers have a structure in which small granular beads are filled, and others have a structure in which holes and grooves are formed on a substrate to form flow paths.
- a mixer having a structure using a flow channel can mix the eluent with a small flow channel volume, so that the mixing time is short and the analysis time is short.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a structure in which the cross-sectional shape of a branch flow path is changed between a branch point and a merge point in a flow path structure that promotes mixing by using the branch and merge of the flow path. According to this structure, the direction in which the liquid flowing in the flow path branches and the direction in which it merges change, and the interfacial area of the two liquids increases at each branch / merging, thereby promoting the mixing effect.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of generating a specific concentration change in a mobile phase of a gradient elution method by combining a plurality of flow paths having different liquid passage times and a liquid feeding timing of a liquid feeding pump.
- the mobile phase immediately after the eluent merges has concentration unevenness in the flow direction with respect to the flow path. This is because, in the configuration of the high-pressure gradient elution method, there is a flow rate pulsation due to the operation variation of the check valve in the liquid feeding pump. Further, in the configuration of the low pressure gradient elution method, a plurality of eluents are sequentially fed into the pipe one by one by a switching valve. A mixer having a structure using a conventional flow channel is intended for mixing in the width direction with respect to the flow channel, and the mixing effect in the flow direction is small with respect to the flow channel. Therefore, the concentration unevenness in the flow direction remains in the mobile phase flowing into the detector. As a result, for example, when absorbance measurement is used for the detector, the detected absorbance varies depending on the concentration unevenness of the mobile phase.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid mixer that reduces concentration unevenness in the flow direction of a mobile phase, and a liquid chromatograph using the liquid mixer.
- an introduction path a branch portion located downstream of the introduction path, a plurality of branch channels branched from the branch unit, and the plurality of branch channels merge. It is comprised by the flow path unit which consists of a confluence
- the plurality of branch channels have different widths, depths, lengths, structures filled in the channels, or some of them, and the liquid passage times are different. Since the liquid passage time of each branch flow path is different, the concentration of the mobile phase that has passed through each branch flow path is different. As a result, the concentration of the mobile phase in the junction is a value between the concentrations of the mobile phases that have passed through each branch flow path. That is, the concentration unevenness in the flow direction of the mobile phase in the lead-out path is reduced more than the concentration unevenness in the flow direction of the mobile phase in the introduction path.
- a plurality of flow path units are connected in multiple stages so that the liquid that has passed through the merge part of the upper flow path unit flows into the branch part of the lower flow path unit.
- the difference of the liquid passage time of the branch flow path of the flow path unit in each stage is different. According to this configuration, since the density unevenness period to be reduced in each flow path unit is different, the density unevenness of various periods as a whole can be reduced. Therefore, density unevenness in the flow direction can be reduced regardless of the pulsation cycle of the liquid feed pump.
- the embodiment of the present invention it is possible to provide a liquid mixing device that reduces the concentration unevenness in the flow direction of the mobile phase, and a liquid chromatograph using the liquid mixing device.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a main configuration of a liquid chromatograph for a high pressure gradient elution method.
- the liquid chromatograph shown in FIG. 1 includes two types of eluents 2101, 2102, two liquid feed pumps 2201, 2202, a confluence connector 23, a mixer 24, an autosampler 25, a separation column 26, a detector 27, and each component.
- the mixer 24 is inserted between the housing bottom 1201, the housing lid 1202, the flow path substrates 1401, 1402, 1403, and 1404, between the flow path substrates or between the flow path substrate and the housing bottom 1201, or between the flow path substrate and the housing lid 1202. Spacers 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, and screws 1205 for fastening these components.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a mixer having four flow path substrates, the number of flow path substrates is not necessarily limited to four.
- Examples of the material of the housing bottom 1201 and the housing lid 1202 include stainless steel and polyether ether ketone. Among these, in order to prevent liquid leakage at the connection portion with the piping, it is desirable to connect the stainless steel piping to the bottom of the housing made of stainless steel and the housing lid.
- the spacers 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305 have a sealing function between the flow path substrates or between the flow path substrate and the housing bottom 1201 or between the flow path substrate and the housing lid 1202. By fastening the housing bottom 1201 and the housing lid 1202 with the screws 1205, the respective surfaces come into close contact with each other, thereby preventing liquid from leaking outside the channel.
- the material of the spacers 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, and 1305 is preferably polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like, which has a small elution to the mobile phase and can be deformed to some extent during sealing to seal each surface.
- the flow path substrates 1401, 1402, 1403, and 1404 When materials such as polyether ether ketone and polytetrafluoroethylene having high deformability are selected for the flow path substrates 1401, 1402, 1403, and 1404, the flow path substrate 1401, the housing bottom 1201, the flow path substrate 1404, and the housing lid 1202 are selected. , And the flow path substrates 1401, 1402, 1403, and 1404 are in close contact with each other, and the spacers 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, and 1305 are not necessarily required.
- a flow path unit is formed on the flow path substrates 1401, 1402, 1403, and 1404.
- the material of the flow path substrate include stainless steel, polyether ether ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicon, glass, polydimethylsiloxane, and ultraviolet curable resin.
- stainless steel, polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like are advantageous in that they are little eluted into the eluent.
- Examples of the processing method of the flow path unit on the flow path substrate include machining, wet etching, dry etching, hot embossing, injection molding, and stereolithography.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the flow path of the mixer.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a multistage flow path unit 1001 in which a plurality of flow path units 101, 102, 103 are connected by connection paths 1010, 1020, 1030.
- One flow path unit includes an introduction path 2, a branch section 3, a first branch path 4, a second branch path 5, a merge section 6, and a lead-out path 7.
- the flow path unit 103 indicates the nth stage, and the number of stages is arbitrarily set.
- the lead-out path of the upper flow path unit and the introduction path of the lower flow path unit are connected by a connection path. It is not always necessary to prepare a special configuration as a connection path, and the lead-out path of the upper flow path unit and the introduction path and connection path of the lower flow path unit can be combined into one flow path. Moreover, you may connect between each flow path unit the mixer which implement
- the multistage flow path unit is formed by stacking a flow path substrate on which a single flow path unit is formed, with a structure having a flow path corresponding to a connection path interposed therebetween as necessary.
- the multistage flow path unit can also be realized by forming a plurality of flow path units including connection paths on one flow path substrate.
- FIGS. 3 to 9 show examples of the shape of the flow path substrate on which one flow path unit is formed.
- the inside of the flow path of the flow path unit may be filled with a porous body or the like, or may be a cavity.
- a multistage flow path unit is configured by combining a plurality of flow path substrates 14 having various groove shapes shown in FIGS. 3 to 9 so as to have a required flow path length as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the flow path substrate, showing a flow path unit in which the first branch flow path 4 is linear and the second branch flow path 5 is refracted in three places.
- the introduction path 2 includes a groove 201 formed on the lower surface of the flow path substrate 14, a through hole 202 that penetrates the lower surface and the upper surface of the flow path substrate 14, and a groove 203 formed on the surface of the flow path substrate 14.
- the first branch channel 4, the second branch channel 5, and the lead-out channel 7 are formed as grooves on the upper surface of the channel substrate 14.
- the liquid passes through the introduction path 2, branches at the branch section 3, passes through the first branch flow path 4 or the second branch flow path 5, joins at the junction section 6, passes through the outlet path 7, It is discharged from the flow path unit.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the flow path substrate, which is a flow path unit in which the first branch flow path 4 and the second branch flow path 5 form a circle.
- the introduction path 2 includes a groove 201 formed on the lower surface of the flow path substrate 14 and a through hole 202 that penetrates the lower surface and the upper surface of the flow path substrate 14.
- the first branch channel 4, the second branch channel 5, and the lead-out channel 7 are formed as grooves on the upper surface of the channel substrate 14.
- the liquid flow passes through the introduction path 2, branches at the branch section 3, passes through the first branch flow path 4 or the second branch flow path 5, joins at the junction section 6, and passes through the outlet path 7. And discharged from the flow path unit.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the flow path substrate.
- the channel substrate 14 includes a first branch channel 4 including a groove 41 on the lower surface of the channel substrate 14, a through hole 42 penetrating the lower surface and the upper surface, and a groove 43 on the upper surface, and a groove 51 on the lower surface of the channel substrate 14. , A through hole 52 penetrating the lower surface and the upper surface, and a second branch channel 5 having a groove 53 on the upper surface.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the flow path substrate, and shows the shapes of the groove 43 on the upper surface and the groove 53 on the upper surface shown in FIG. These upper surface grooves are formed in a spiral shape. The lower surface is also formed in the same configuration.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the flow path substrate, and shows the shapes of the groove 43 on the upper surface and the groove 53 on the upper surface shown in FIG. These upper surface grooves are formed into wavy lines. The lower surface is also formed in the same configuration.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the flow path substrate.
- the flow path substrate 14 includes a first branch flow path 4 having a through hole 42 that penetrates the lower surface and the upper surface of the flow path substrate 14, a groove 51 on the lower surface of the flow path substrate 14, and a through hole that penetrates the lower surface and the upper surface. 52 and a second branch channel 5 having a groove 53 on the upper surface.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the flow path substrate, and shows the shape of the through hole 42 and the groove 53 on the upper surface shown in FIG.
- a groove 53 on the upper surface is formed in a spiral shape.
- the lower surface is also formed in the same configuration.
- the flow paths can be formed as grooves on the lower surface and the upper surface of the flow path substrate 14 and through-holes on the lower surface and the upper surface, the flow paths having the same volume are formed.
- the substrate area can be reduced as compared with the configuration in which the channel is formed as a groove only on either the lower surface or the upper surface of the channel substrate as shown in FIGS.
- the surface pressure applied to the flow path substrate 14 is increased, so that the pressure is higher. Hydraulic pressure can be sealed.
- the outer shape of the housing lid 1201 and the housing bottom 1202 can be reduced, the outer shape of the entire mixer can be reduced, and the degree of freedom of component arrangement in the liquid chromatograph can be increased.
- FIG. 10 and 11 are perspective views showing the configuration of the flow path substrate, showing an example of the shape of the flow path substrate in which the multistage flow path unit is formed.
- the multi-stage flow path unit formed as shown in FIG. 10 includes an introduction path 2, a first-stage flow path unit 101, a second-stage flow path unit 102, a third-stage flow path unit 103, and a fourth-stage flow path unit.
- a flow path unit 104, connection paths 1010, 1020, 1030 for connecting the flow path units at each stage, and a lead-out path 7 are provided.
- the introduction path 2 includes a groove 201 formed on the lower surface of the flow path substrate 14 and a through hole 202 that penetrates the lower surface and the upper surface of the flow path substrate 14.
- the channel units 101, 102, 103, and 104 each include a branching unit, a first branching channel, a second branching channel, and a merging unit, which are formed as grooves on the upper surface of the channel substrate 14. Yes.
- the flow path units 101, 102, 103, and 104 are flow path units in which each first branch flow path is linear, and each second branch flow path is refracted in three places.
- the lead-out path 7 is formed as a groove on the upper surface of the flow path substrate 14.
- the liquid flow passes through the introduction path 2, branches at the branch portion 1013 of the first-stage flow path unit 101, passes through the first branch flow path 1014 or the second branch flow path 1015, and joins the section 1016.
- branching section 1023 of the second-stage channel unit 102 and at the junction 1026 through the first branch channel 1024 or the second branch channel 1025.
- Merge pass through connection path 1020, branch at branching section 1033 of third stage flow path unit 103, pass through first branching path 1034 or second branching path 1035, and merge at junction 1036
- the first branch flow path 1044 or the second branch flow path 1045 passes through the connection path 1030, branches at the branch section 1043 of the fourth-stage flow path unit 104, and merges at the merge section 1046. Through the exit path 7 And it is discharged from the flow path unit.
- the multi-stage flow path unit formed as shown in FIG. 11 includes an introduction path 2, a first-stage flow path unit 101, a second-stage flow path unit 102, a third-stage flow path unit 103, and a fourth-stage flow path unit.
- a flow path unit 104, connection paths 1010, 1020, 1030 for connecting the flow path units at each stage, and a lead-out path 7 are provided.
- the introduction path 2 includes a groove 201 formed on the lower surface of the flow path substrate 14 and a through hole 202 that penetrates the lower surface and the upper surface of the flow path substrate 14.
- the channel units 101, 102, 103, and 104 each include a branching unit, a first branching channel, a second branching channel, and a merging unit, which are formed as grooves on the upper surface of the channel substrate 14. Yes.
- the flow path units 101, 102, 103, and 104 are flow path units in which the first branch flow path 4 and the second branch flow path 5 form a circle.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 show an example in which one flow path unit is formed on one flow path substrate.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show a plurality of flow path units on one flow path substrate. The example formed is shown.
- a method of forming a flow path unit with a flow path substrate other than these for example, a single flow path unit is configured by a plurality of flow path substrates, or a single flow path unit is formed by arranging a spacer between the multiple flow path substrates. And a flow path as shown in FIGS. 5 to 11 may be formed.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the density unevenness reduction performance in the flow direction.
- T is a concentration unevenness period
- ⁇ t is a difference between the liquid passage time t1 of the first branch flow path and the liquid passage time t2 of the second branch flow path
- M is a flow direction concentration unevenness represented by the following equation (13). The reduction performance.
- the concentration C1out at the outlet of the first branch channel and the concentration C2out at the outlet of the second branch channel are expressed by the following equations, respectively.
- C1out C0 + Ca ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ (t ⁇ t1) / T) (Equation 4)
- C2out C0 + Ca ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ (t ⁇ t2) / T) (Expression 5)
- the performance of reducing the flow direction concentration unevenness of the flow path unit is defined as the ratio M of the amplitude Cb of the merged portion concentration to the amplitude Ca of the concentration of the branch portion, and is expressed by the following equation.
- the flow direction density unevenness reduction performance M is 1, it means that the density unevenness in the flow direction is not reduced. Further, when M is 0, it means that the density unevenness in the flow direction is completely reduced and there is no density unevenness at the junction.
- the ratio ⁇ t / T of the difference ⁇ t between the liquid passage time t1 of the first branch flow path and the liquid passage time t2 of the second branch flow path with respect to the density unevenness period T is an integer (0, 1, 2,... ), M ⁇ 1, and the flow path unit reduces density unevenness in the flow direction. For example, point a in FIG.
- the ratio ⁇ t / T of the difference ⁇ t between the liquid passage time t1 of the first branch flow path and the liquid passage time t2 of the second branch flow path with respect to the density unevenness period T is , 0 and 1/2 (0 ⁇ ( ⁇ t / T) ⁇ 1/2), and the flow rate Q1 of the first branch flow path and the flow rate Q2 of the second branch flow path are Different (Q1 ⁇ Q2).
- the ratio ⁇ t / T of the difference ⁇ t between the liquid passage time t1 of the first branch flow path and the liquid passage time t2 of the second branch flow path with respect to the density unevenness period T is the sum of an integer and a half ( 1/2, 3/2, 5/2,...),
- M is 0.
- the density unevenness in the flow direction is completely reduced, and there is no density unevenness in the flow direction at the junction. For example, points b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 in FIG.
- the ratio ⁇ t / T of the difference ⁇ t between the liquid passage time t1 of the first branch flow path and the liquid passage time t2 of the second branch flow path with respect to the density unevenness period T is an integer (0, 1, 2,).
- M 1 density unevenness in the flow direction is not reduced by the flow path unit.
- the points c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, and c5 in FIG. 2 are the liquid passage time t1 of the first branch flow path and the second branch flow path with respect to the density unevenness period T.
- the ratio ⁇ t / T of the difference ⁇ t in the liquid passage time t2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively.
- the sectional area of the first branch channel is A1
- the length is L1
- the fluid resistance per unit sectional area unit length is ⁇ 1
- the sectional area of the second branch channel is A2
- the length is L2
- the fluid resistances R1 and R2 of the respective branch flow paths are expressed by the following equations.
- R1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ L1 / A1 (Expression 22)
- R2 ⁇ 2 / L2 / A2 (Equation 23)
- V1 ⁇ 1, A1, L1 (Equation 25)
- V2 ⁇ 2, A2, L2 (Equation 26)
- Equation 16 When Equation 16 is rewritten using Equation 24, Equation 25, and Equation 26, the following equation is obtained. ⁇ 2, L2, A1 / ( ⁇ 1, L1, A2) ⁇ ⁇ 1, A1, L1 / ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ A2 ⁇ L2) (Expression 27)
- Equation 28 when the fluid resistance ⁇ per unit cross-sectional unit length of each branch flow path, the porosity ⁇ , and the value ⁇ / ( ⁇ ⁇ L 2 ) determined by the length L are different, the respective liquid passages It can be seen that the times t1 and t2 are different.
- the reduction performance Mt in the flow direction concentration unevenness is improved.
- the difference ⁇ t (k) between the liquid passage time t1 of the first branch flow channel and the liquid passage time t2 of the second branch flow channel is the first branch flow of the one upper flow channel unit.
- the ratio ⁇ t (1) / T of the difference ⁇ t (1) between the liquid passage time t1 of the first branch flow path in the first stage and the liquid passage time t2 of the second branch flow path is an integer and 1/2.
- Mt 0 in the product (1/2, 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2,...), The density unevenness in the flow direction is completely reduced, and the merging portion of the lowermost flow path unit The density unevenness in the flow direction can be eliminated.
- the flow velocity inside the mixer channel is non-uniform.
- the flow velocity in the flow path does not become completely uniform due to secondary flow or flow separation caused by friction on the wall surface of the flow path, bending of the flow path, branching, or merging.
- the flow velocity distribution has a maximum near the center of the flow path and a minimum near the wall surface of the flow path due to the viscosity of the liquid. Therefore, the reduction performance in the flow direction differs between the case where a non-uniform flow velocity distribution occurs and the case where a uniform flow velocity distribution occurs.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the density unevenness reduction performance in the flow direction.
- the flow path unit has three stages, and the flow rate Q1 of the first branch flow path and the second flow path in all three flow path units connected to each other.
- the results of calculating the reduction in the concentration in the flow direction when the flow velocity distribution in the flow path is uniform and when the flow velocity distribution in the flow path is non-uniform are shown.
- the dotted line is the result of simulation with a uniform flow velocity distribution
- the solid line is the result of simulation with a non-uniform flow velocity distribution. Even if the flow velocity distribution in the flow path is non-uniform, the concentration unevenness in the flow direction becomes Mt ⁇ 1, and it can be seen that the concentration unevenness can be reduced.
- the characteristics of the flow direction concentration unevenness reduction performance Mt with respect to the flow direction concentration unevenness period T of the multistage channel unit 1001 are matched with the characteristics of the flow direction concentration unevenness by the liquid feed pumps 2201 and 2202. The following effects can be obtained by appropriate selection.
- the density unevenness in the flow direction is an overlap of these two cycles.
- a multi-stage flow channel unit is provided in which a plurality of flow channel units are combined so that all density unevenness cycles can be reduced. By preparing the mixer, the flow direction density unevenness can be reduced.
- a multistage flow path that combines flow path units that can reduce the concentration unevenness change in each period.
- concentration unevenness in the mobile phase flow direction can be reduced.
- concentration unevenness in the mobile phase flow direction can be reduced.
- a liquid chromatograph using an absorbance measuring device as a detector there is an effect that fluctuations in detected absorbance are reduced.
- a liquid chromatograph that uses a fluorescence detector as a detector there is an effect that fluctuations in the detected fluorescence intensity are reduced.
- a liquid chromatograph using a differential refraction detector as a detector there is an effect that fluctuations in the detected refractive index are reduced. Due to the above effects, a minute amount of sample can be detected, and the sensitivity of the liquid chromatograph can be improved. Moreover, since the area of the sample peak can be measured more accurately, there is an effect that the accuracy of quantitative measurement is improved.
- the volume of the mixer channel can be reduced. For this reason, the time from when the mobile phase flows into the mixer until it is discharged is shortened, and the time required for one analysis is shortened. Moreover, in the case of the analysis by the gradient elution method, it brings about the effect that the concentration change of the mobile phase close to the ideal can be generated.
- the mixer has a cycle in which the concentration unevenness reduction performance in the flow direction of the mobile phase is maximized.
- the shorter the cycle the smaller the channel volume, so the liquid chromatograph system that drives the solution pump to minimize the concentration unevenness cycle maximizes the effects of the small channel volume. be able to.
- FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram showing the main configuration of a liquid chromatograph for low pressure gradient elution.
- the liquid chromatograph includes a plurality of eluents such as eluent A2101, eluent B2102, eluent C2103, eluent D2104, switching valve 31, mixer 24, liquid feed pump 22, autosampler 25, A separation column 26, a detector 27, a pipe 28 for fluidly connecting each component, a controller 29 for controlling each component, and a wiring 30 for electrically connecting each component are provided.
- eluents such as eluent A2101, eluent B2102, eluent C2103, eluent D2104, switching valve 31, mixer 24, liquid feed pump 22, autosampler 25, A separation column 26, a detector 27, a pipe 28 for fluidly connecting each component, a controller 29 for controlling each component, and a wiring 30 for electrically connecting each component are provided.
- Four kinds of eluents are mixed by the mixer 24 so that
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing changes in the concentration of the eluent in the low pressure gradient elution method.
- the eluent fed by the liquid feed pump 22 is switched by the switching valve 31. Therefore, for example, the time change of the concentration of the mobile phase at the inlet of the mixer 24 is as shown in FIG.
- the eluent A, the eluent B, the eluent C, and the eluent D are fed in this order, and the cycle is T.
- the eluent A, eluent B, and eluent C in the mobile phase depend on the time tA, tB, tC, and tD at which the eluent A, eluent B, eluent C, and eluent D are sent in one cycle.
- Adjust the concentration of the eluent D At this time, in the piping downstream from the switching valve 31, the concentration unevenness of each eluent appears at the concentration unevenness period T in the flow direction. For example, the concentration change of the eluent A becomes a rectangular wave as shown in FIG.
- a rectangular wave with a period T can be represented by a superposition of a sine wave with a period T and a sine wave with a harmonic period (periods T / 2, T / 3, T / 4,). If C1, C2, C3... Are the amplitudes of the components of the periods T, T / 2, T / 3,...,
- the concentration change C (A) of the eluent A is expressed by the following equation.
- C (A) C1 ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ t / T) + C2 ⁇ Sin (2 ⁇ t / (T / 2)) + C3 ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ t / (T / 3)) ... (32)
- the concentration unevenness of the eluent A can be reduced by the mixer using the multistage flow path unit 1001 shown in FIG.
- the concentration unevenness of the eluent B, the eluent C, and the eluent D can be reduced by the mixer using the multistage flow path unit 1001 shown in FIG.
- concentration unevenness in the mobile phase flow direction can be reduced.
- concentration unevenness in the mobile phase flow direction can be reduced.
- a liquid chromatograph using an absorbance measuring device as a detector there is an effect that fluctuations in detected absorbance are reduced.
- a liquid chromatograph that uses a fluorescence detector as a detector there is an effect that fluctuations in the detected fluorescence intensity are reduced.
- a liquid chromatograph using a differential refraction detector as a detector there is an effect that fluctuations in the detected refractive index are reduced. Due to the above effects, a minute amount of sample can be detected, and the sensitivity of the liquid chromatograph can be improved. Moreover, since the area of the sample peak can be measured more accurately, there is an effect that the accuracy of quantitative measurement is improved.
- the volume of the mixer channel can be reduced. For this reason, the time from when the mobile phase flows into the mixer until it is discharged is shortened, and the time required for one analysis is shortened. Moreover, in the case of the analysis by the gradient elution method, it brings about the effect that the concentration change of the mobile phase close to the ideal can be generated.
- the mixer has a cycle in which the concentration unevenness reduction performance in the flow direction of the mobile phase is maximized. Since the flow path volume may be smaller as the period is shorter, the effect of the smaller flow path volume can be maximized by determining the period of the switching valve 31 so that the density unevenness period is minimized. it can.
- the variation in the detected absorbance is reduced.
- the variation in the detected fluorescence intensity is reduced.
- the detected refractive index fluctuation is reduced. Due to the above effects, a smaller amount of sample can be detected, and the sensitivity of the liquid chromatograph is improved. Moreover, since the area of the sample peak can be measured more accurately, the accuracy of quantitative measurement is improved.
- the mixer disclosed in the present invention has a small channel volume. Therefore, the time from when the mobile phase flows into the mixer until it is discharged is short, and the time required for one analysis is short. Further, in the case of analysis by the gradient elution method, it is possible to generate a concentration change of the mobile phase that is close to ideal.
- the mixer disclosed in the present invention has a period in which the performance of reducing the density unevenness in the flow direction of the mobile phase is maximized. Since the flow path volume may be smaller as the period becomes shorter, the effect of the small flow path volume can be maximized by the liquid chromatograph system that drives the liquid feed pump so that the period of concentration unevenness is minimized. .
- the area of the substrate forming the flow path unit in the mixer disclosed in the present invention can be reduced by appropriately arranging the flow path on the substrate. Therefore, the surface pressure applied to the substrate can be increased by a relatively simple configuration in which the substrate is pressed by the housing and the hydraulic pressure is sealed, and a higher hydraulic pressure can be sealed. This means that it can be applied to a high-pressure liquid feed pump. Further, since the outer shape of the housing can be reduced because the area of the substrate forming the flow path unit is small, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom of component arrangement of the liquid chromatograph.
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Abstract
Description
t1=V1/Q1 …(数1)
t2=V2/Q2 …(数2)
Cin=C0+Ca・sin(2πt/T) …(数3)
C1out=C0+Ca・sin(2π(t-t1)/T) …(数4)
C2out=C0+Ca・sin(2π(t-t2)/T) …(数5)
J1=C1out・Q1
=C0・Q1+Ca・Q1・sin(2π(t-t1)/T)
…(数6)
J2=C2out・Q2
=C0・Q2+Ca・Q2・sin(2π(t-t2)/T)
…(数7)
Cout=(J1+J2)/(Q1+Q2)
=C0+(Ca/(Q1+Q2))・(A・sin(2πt/T)
-B・sin(2πt/T)) …(数8)
A=Q1・cos(2πt1/T)+Q2・cos(2πt2/T) …(数9)
B=Q1・sin(2πt1/T)+Q2・sin(2πt2/T) …(数10)
Cout=C0+(Ca/(Q1+Q2))・(√(A2+B2)・sin(2πt
/T-α))
=C0+(Ca/(Q1+Q2))・√(Q12+Q22+2Q1・Q2
・(cos(2πt1/T-2πt2/T)))・sin(2πt/T-α)
…(数11)
Cout=C0+(Ca/(Q1+Q2))・√(Q12+Q22+2Q1・Q2
・cos(2πΔt/T))・sin(2πt/T-α) …(数12)
Cout=C0+Cb・sin(2πt/T-α) …(数13)
M=Cb/Ca=(1/(Q1+Q2))・√(Q12+Q22+2Q1
・Q2・cos(2πΔt/T)) …(数14)
V1/Q1≠V2/Q2 …(数15)
Q1/Q2≠V1/V2 …(数16)
したがって、第1の分岐流路の流体抵抗をR1、第2の分岐流路の流体抵抗をR2として、第1の分岐流路と第2の分岐流路の合成流体抵抗Rは次式となる。
R=R1・R2/(R1+R2) …(数18)
Q1=(R2/R)・(Q1+Q2) …(数19)
Q2=(R1/R)・(Q1+Q2) …(数20)
Q1/Q2=R2/R1 …(数21)
R1=ρ1・L1/A1 …(数22)
R2=ρ2・L2/A2 …(数23)
Q1/Q2=ρ2・L2・A1/(ρ1・L1・A2) …(数24)
V1=φ1・A1・L1 …(数25)
V2=φ2・A2・L2 …(数26)
ρ2・L2・A1/(ρ1・L1・A2)≠φ1・A1・L1/(φ2
・A2・L2) …(数27)
ρ1/(φ1・L12)≠ρ2/(φ2・L22) …(数28)
Mt=Mn …(数29)
Mt=M1・M2・…・Mn …(数30)
Δt(R-1)/2=Δt(R) …(数31)
C(A)=C1・sin(2πt/T)+C2
・sin(2πt/(T/2))+C3・sin(2πt/(T/3))
…(数32)
2 導入路
3 分岐部
4 第1の分岐流路
5 第2の分岐流路
6 合流部
7 導出路
11,24 ミキサ
14 流路基板
15 複数の流路基板を用いたミキサ
22,2201,2202 送液ポンプ
23 合流コネクタ
25 オートサンプラ
26 分離カラム
27 検出器
28 配管
29 コントローラ
30 配線
31 切換えバルブ
1001 多段流路ユニット
2101,2102 溶離液
Claims (9)
- 液体を導入する導入路と、前記導入路の下流に位置する分岐部と、前記分岐部から分岐する複数本の分岐流路と、前記複数本の分岐流路が合流する合流部と、前記合流部の下流の導出路とを備え、
前記複数の分岐流路の液体通過時間がそれぞれ異なる複数の流路ユニットのうちの上流側の流路ユニットの導出路が下流側の流路ユニットの導入路となるように接続されるとともに、前記複数の分岐流路の液体通過時間の差がそれぞれ異なるように接続されることを特徴とする液体混合装置。 - 請求項1記載の液体混合装置において、
前記複数の流路ユニットの一つが一枚の基板に形成され、前記基板が多数重ね合わせられて前記複数の流路ユニットが流体的に接続されていることを特徴とする液体混合装置。 - 請求項1記載の液体混合装置において、
前記複数の流路ユニットが前記基板の上面と下面に形成されていることを特徴とする液体混合装置。 - 請求項1記載の液体混合装置において、
前記複数の流路ユニットが一枚の基板に形成されることを特徴とする液体混合装置。 - 液体を導入する導入路と、前記導入路の下流に位置する分岐部と、前記分岐部から分岐する複数本の分岐流路と、前記複数本の分岐流路が合流する合流部と、前記合流部の下流の導出路と、前記分岐部において複数の分岐流路に分岐し、該複数の分岐流路が前記合流部において合流する流路ユニットとを備え、
前記流路ユニットにおける各分岐流路の液体通過時間は、各分岐流路の外形や内部構造物によってそれぞれ異なり、前記導入路へ前記液体を送液する送液装置に起因する流れ方向濃度ムラの周期に応じて、前記各分岐流路の通過時間の差が決定されるとともに、前記流路ユニットが複数であって、該複数の流路ユニットのうちの上流側の流路ユニットの合流部を通過した液体が、下流側の流路ユニットの分岐部に流れ込むように、前記複数の流路ユニットが多段に接続され、各段の流路ユニットの分岐流路の液体通過時間の差がそれぞれ異なるように接続される構成を備えたことを特徴とする液体混合装置。 - 溶離液を送液する送液ポンプ,複数の溶離液を混合する液体混合装置,前記送液ポンプにより送液された溶離液に試料を導入するオートサンプラ,前記オートサンプラで試料が導入された液体を分離する分離カラム,前記分離カラムから送液される液体中の前記試料の成分を検出する検出器,前記送液ポンプと前記液体混合装置と前記オートサンプラと前記分離カラムと前記検出器とを流体的に接続する配管,前記送液ポンプと前記オートサンプラと前記検出器とを制御するコントローラを備えた液体クロマトグラフにおいて、
前記液体混合装置は、液体を導入する導入路と、前記導入路の下流に位置する分岐部と、前記分岐部から分岐する複数本の分岐流路と、前記複数本の分岐流路が合流する合流部と、前記合流部の下流の導出路とを備え、前記複数の分岐流路の液体通過時間がそれぞれ異なる複数の流路ユニットのうちの上流側の流路ユニットの導出路が下流側の流路ユニットの導入路となるように接続されるとともに、前記複数の分岐流路の液体通過時間の差がそれぞれ異なるように接続されることを特徴とする液体クロマトグラフ。 - 請求項6記載の液体クロマトグラフにおいて、
前記送液ポンプの駆動周期が、前記液体混合装置の前記複数の流路ユニットそれぞれの前記分岐流路の液体通過時間の差に応じて決定されることを特徴とする液体クロマトグラフ。 - 請求項6記載の液体クロマトグラフにおいて、
前記複数の溶離液の流量を切換える切換えバルブを備えたことを特徴とする液体クロマトグラフ。 - 請求項8記載の液体クロマトグラフにおいて、前記切換えバルブの切換え周期が、前記液体混合装置の前記複数の流路ユニットそれぞれの前記分岐流路の液体通過時間の差に応じて決定されることを特徴とする液体クロマトグラフ。
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