WO2011153867A1 - 混合动力电动清洗车 - Google Patents

混合动力电动清洗车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011153867A1
WO2011153867A1 PCT/CN2011/072445 CN2011072445W WO2011153867A1 WO 2011153867 A1 WO2011153867 A1 WO 2011153867A1 CN 2011072445 W CN2011072445 W CN 2011072445W WO 2011153867 A1 WO2011153867 A1 WO 2011153867A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water pump
hybrid electric
power battery
chassis
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/072445
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卜伟
刘洋
邹克林
付立荣
罗芳
秦华
晏刚
Original Assignee
长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
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Application filed by 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
Publication of WO2011153867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011153867A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46Series type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/60Industrial applications, e.g. pipe inspection vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of road cleaning equipment, and in particular to a hybrid electric washing vehicle. Background technique
  • Road cleaning vehicles working in the city are generally in a state of low speed when cleaning, and the driving conditions such as starting, stopping, idling, accelerating, braking, etc. are relatively frequent, and the engine is always in high fuel consumption and high emissions. Low efficiency zone.
  • the pump of the traditional cleaning car is driven by the gear transmission of the chassis gearbox.
  • the speed of the pump and the rear wheel speed form a certain speed ratio relationship, that is, the speed of the pump is proportional to the driving speed of the cleaning car, and the speed of the pump cannot be Controlled separately.
  • Another cleaning vehicle in order to solve the above problem, adds a diesel engine to drive the water pump.
  • the pump speed can be controlled separately, the diesel engine has the characteristics of large volume and complicated structure, and is inconvenient to arrange in the limited space of the vehicle body.
  • the diesel engine's emission pollution is very serious, the speed control is not very precise, the use and maintenance costs are high, the noise is large, and it is difficult to meet the environmental quality requirements.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hybrid electric cleaning vehicle which is simple and compact in structure, low in cost, environmentally friendly, flexible in control, and good in cleaning effect, in view of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a hybrid electric cleaning vehicle includes a chassis and a cleaning mechanism fixed to the chassis, the water tank, the chassis is driven by a driving motor, the cleaning mechanism is driven by a water pump driving assembly, and the driving motor is connected to an output end of the power battery
  • the input end of the power battery is connected to a charging mechanism, and the charging mechanism includes a connected engine and a generator.
  • the output end of the driving motor is connected to the wheel on the chassis through the main gearbox, the transmission shaft and the final drive.
  • the water pump driving component is a water pump motor, and the output end of the water pump motor passes through the coupling and the water pump in the cleaning mechanism. Connected, the input end of the water pump motor is connected to the power battery.
  • the drive motor controller of the drive motor, the generator controller of the generator, and the frequency converter of the water pump motor are all connected to the power battery through a high voltage distribution box.
  • the water pump driving assembly includes a secondary clutch and a secondary transmission connected in sequence, and the output end of the driving motor is connected to the wheel on the chassis through the main gearbox, the transmission shaft and the final reducer through the transfer case, and the other side and the secondary clutch are connected.
  • the input end is connected, the auxiliary gear output end is connected to the water pump in the cleaning mechanism through a coupling, and the shifting mechanism of the auxiliary gearbox is connected to the hydraulic unit through the control cylinder.
  • the drive motor controller of the drive motor and the generator controller of the generator are all connected to the power battery through a high voltage distribution box.
  • the chassis is provided with a sub-frame, and the sub-frame is provided with a box body, the box body comprises two front and rear sections, and an engine and a generator are installed in a front section of the front end of the vehicle head, behind the rear of the vehicle Install the power battery in the section.
  • a sound-absorbing cotton is arranged on the inner wall of the front section of the box, and the front and rear sections of the box are filled between Insulation materials.
  • a cooler is installed at the front end of the engine, and inlet and outlet pipes of the cooler are respectively connected to an engine inlet and outlet, and two or more electric fans are installed between the cooler and the engine.
  • the hybrid electric cleaning vehicle of the invention changes the driving mode of the water pump, and the control of the water pump is more flexible and convenient, so that the cleaning vehicle can adopt different working modes according to different road conditions.
  • the main power source of the hybrid electric cleaning vehicle is electric power.
  • the fuel is the auxiliary power source.
  • the auxiliary power source provides energy to the main power system to maintain the operation of the cleaning vehicle.
  • This new form of power overcomes the shortcomings of traditional fuel-cleaning vehicles and electric cleaning vehicles.
  • the cleaning vehicle can operate in pure electric mode, with the advantages of zero discharge and low noise of pure electric cleaning vehicles, and in hybrid mode. The next operation, timely charging the power battery, completely broke the limitation of the driving range for the electric cleaning vehicle, extended the service life of the power battery, and expanded the use range of the electric cleaning vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the principle of a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the principle of a specific embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a structure of a second embodiment of the present invention. Description of the reference numerals
  • the hybrid electric cleaning vehicle of the present invention is a cleaning vehicle having both fuel and electric power, and the traveling and pumping work are respectively driven by two motors.
  • the hybrid electric cleaning vehicle comprises a chassis and a cleaning mechanism fixed on the chassis, the water tank 5, the chassis is driven by a driving motor 15, the cleaning mechanism is driven by a water pump driving assembly, and the driving motor 15 is connected to the output end of the power battery 4, the power battery
  • the input of 4 is connected to a charging mechanism comprising a connected engine 13 and a generator 31.
  • the output end of the driving motor 15 is connected to the wheel on the chassis through the main transmission 2, the transmission shaft 3 and the final drive 27,
  • the water pump drive assembly is a water pump motor 10, and the output end of the water pump motor 10 passes through the coupling 12 and the cleaning mechanism.
  • the water pump 9 is connected, and the input end of the water pump motor 10 is connected to the power battery 4.
  • the tail box 7 and the ladder 8 are provided on the chassis.
  • the sub-frame 25 is fixed to the chassis girders 19 behind the cab 22 (see figure).
  • the water pump 9 is installed in the lower part of the sub-frame 25, and the generator controller 20 and the low-voltage distribution box 32 (see Fig. 4) are installed. In the box at the lower right side of the sub-frame 25, the installation space is fully utilized to make the arrangement of the components more reasonable.
  • the water pump 9 is connected to the water pump motor 10 through the coupling 12, the water pump motor 10 is connected to the power battery 4 through the frequency converter 24, the power battery 4 supplies power to the water pump motor 10, and the water pump motor 10 directly drives the water pump 9 to reduce the transmission loss.
  • the frequency converter 24 controls the speed of the water pump 9, which is convenient and efficient.
  • a box body 26 is connected to the upper portion of the sub-frame 25, and the box body 26 includes front and rear sections.
  • the engine 13 and the generator 31 are mounted on the front section of the front end of the vehicle head.
  • the engine 13 drives the generator 31 to generate electricity, and the power battery 4 is driven.
  • the motor 15 and the water pump motor 10 are supplied with power; the power battery 4 is mounted at the rear of the rear of the vehicle, and the high-voltage distribution box 18, the vehicle controller 23, and the inverter 24 are mounted on the upper portion of the power battery 4.
  • the invention separates the high voltage distribution box 18 from the low voltage distribution box 32, thereby reducing electricity Gas interference.
  • the inner wall of the front section of the casing 26 is provided with a muffler cotton 30 for eliminating noise generated during operation of the engine 13; a heat insulating material 29 is interposed between the front and rear sections of the casing to prevent high temperature effects caused by the operation of the engine 13 in the front stage.
  • the electrical equipment in the rear section works normally.
  • a cooler 16 is installed at the front end of the engine 13, and an inlet and outlet pipe of the cooler 16 is connected to the inlet and outlet of the engine 13.
  • Two electric fans 17 are installed between the cooler 16 and the engine 13, and the electric fan 17 automatically starts and stops according to the temperature of the engine 13. , saving energy.
  • the engine 13 and the generator 31 are connected by the flywheel housing 33, so that the structure is simple and the axial dimension is small.
  • the high voltage distribution box 18 connects the generator controller 20, the power battery 4, the frequency converter 24, and the drive motor controller 14 to realize the delivery of current energy.
  • the water tank 5 is mounted at the rear of the casing 26 and is fixed to the chassis girders 19.
  • the water spray frame 21 of the cleaning mechanism is installed at the front part of the cleaning vehicle, and a series of nozzles with uniform spacing are arranged thereon; a corner nozzle 11 is arranged on the left and right sides of the water spray frame 21; the spray device 6 is fixed at the rear of the water tank 5
  • the water pump 9 is connected to the spray head, the angle spray head 11 and the spray device 6 on the water spray rack 21 through the pipeline; the water spray rack 21 can be moved up and down, so that the height of the spray head from the ground is variable, and the left and right yaw can be adapted to different The job is needed.
  • the drive motor 15 is mounted on the lower portion of the cab 22, and is coupled to the main clutch 1 on the chassis.
  • the rear gear 28 is driven by the main transmission 2, the transmission shaft 3, and the final drive 27, and the drive motor controller 14 is mounted on the drive motor 15.
  • the drive motor 15 is connected to the power battery 4 via the drive motor controller 14, and the power battery 4 supplies electric power to the drive motor 15 to realize pure electric running.
  • the travel and pump work are driven by two motors separately, and the operation is independent of each other.
  • the pump motor 10 is controlled by the inverter 24, and the different pump speeds can be adjusted according to the road condition to meet different cleaning requirements.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the hybrid electric cleaning vehicle includes a chassis and a cleaning mechanism fixed on the chassis, and a water tank 5.
  • the chassis is driven by a driving motor 15, and the cleaning mechanism is driven by a water pump driving component, and is driven.
  • the motor 15 is connected to the output of the power battery 4, and the input of the power battery 4 is connected to a charging mechanism including a connected engine 13 and a generator 31.
  • the water pump drive assembly includes a sub-clutch 34 and a sub-transmission 35 that are sequentially connected.
  • the output end of the drive motor 15 passes through the transfer case 38 and passes through the main transmission 2, the drive shaft 3, and the final drive 27 and the chassis.
  • the wheels are connected, the other is connected to the input of the sub-clutch 34, the output of the sub-transmission 35 is connected to the water pump 9 in the cleaning mechanism via the coupling 12, and the shifting mechanism of the sub-transmission 35 is connected to the hydraulic unit 37 via the control cylinder 36. .
  • Embodiment 2 differs from Embodiment 1.
  • a transfer case 38 is added, which is connected between the drive motor 15 and the main clutch 1 and the sub-clutch 34, and the sub-clutch 34 is connected to the sub-transmission 35. It is connected to the water pump 9 via the coupling 12.
  • the sub-clutch 34 In operation, during the transition, the sub-clutch 34 is disconnected, and the power is driven from the drive motor 15 via the transfer case 38, the main clutch 1, the main transmission 2, the drive shaft 3, and the final drive 27 to drive the rear wheel 28;
  • the main clutch 1 is engaged with the sub-clutch 34, and the power is split from the drive motor 15 through the transfer case 38 into two paths, driving in one path, and driving the water pump 9 via the sub-clutch 34, the sub-transmission 35, and the coupling 12, depending on the In the case of the road surface, the speed of the water pump 9 can be changed by changing the gear position of the sub-transmission 35.
  • the shifting actuator of the sub-transmission 35 is the control cylinder 36, and the hydraulic unit 37 supplies power thereto.
  • Embodiment 1 the walking and pumping work of the cleaning vehicle are all driven by the motor.
  • the rotational speed of the water pump 9 is electrically controlled, and the mechanical structure is used in Embodiment 2 to control the water pump 9.
  • both Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 can perform walking and cleaning operations in the pure electric mode, which has the advantages of zero emission and low noise; when the capacity of the power battery 4 drops to a certain extent
  • the vehicle controller 23 automatically starts the generator set for power generation for use in walking and cleaning operations, and excess power charges the power battery 4, and the genset output power at this time is constant and works.
  • the high efficiency, low emission, low noise speed range the fuel economy and emission performance of the vehicle are very favorable; when the power battery 4 is charged, the generator set automatically stops running.
  • the hybrid electric cleaning vehicle adopting the technical solution can work for one day, and its pure electric working mode can account for 50%.
  • the rest of the working time starts the generator set, drives the walking and cleaning operations in the most economical state, and charges the power battery 4,
  • Extending the service life of the power battery 4 can also solve the shortcomings of the short electric driving range of the pure electric cleaning vehicle, and overcome the daily working time and workload. Restricted by power, affecting the defects of vehicle use.
  • This technical solution not only solves the independent control problem of the cleaning vehicle water pump, but also reduces the emission pollution and noise problem of the fuel engine, and also makes the working time and working distance of the cleaning vehicle not limited by the battery capacity.

Description

混合动力电动清洗车
技术领域
本发明涉及道路清洗设备领域, 具体地, 涉及一种混合动力电动清洗 车。 背景技术
在城市内工作的道路清洗车, 进行清洗作业时, 一般处于车速较低的 状态, 其启动、 停止、 怠速、 加速、 制动等行车工况比较频繁, 且发动机 始终处于高油耗、 高排放的低效率区。
传统清洗车的水泵是通过底盘变速箱的齿轮传动来进行驱动的, 水泵 的转速与后车轮转速形成了一定的速比关系, 即水泵的转速与清洗车的行 驶速度成正比, 水泵的转速不能单独控制。 进行清洗作业时, 遇到较脏的 路面, 就需要提高水泵的转速来增加清洗的水压和水流量。 但是, 随着水 泵转速的提高, 车速必然也会增大, 这样又降低了清洗的效果。 反之, 遇 到较干净的地段, 需要提高车速来提高清洗的效率, 但是水泵转速也提高, 增加了用水量, 也就降低了清洗的效率。 因此, 这种清洗车不论路面实际 情况如何, 一般都是以同一车速进行作业, 不能根据实际情况灵活地兼顾 清洗效果和清洗效率。
另有一种清洗车, 为解决上述问题, 增加一台柴油发动机用来驱动水 泵, 虽然水泵转速可以单独控制, 但是柴油发动机具有体积大、 结构复杂 等特点, 在车体的有限空间中布置不方便, 且柴油发动机的排放污染十分 严重, 转速控制不很精准, 使用和维护成本较高, 噪音大, 难以满足环境 质量的要求。
综上所述, 在日益追求环境质量的今天, 负责城市清洁的清洗车必须 克服自身的缺陷, 在满足使用要求的基础上同时满足保证环境质量的要求。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题就在于: 针对现有技术存在的技术问题, 提 供一种结构简单紧凑、 成本低廉、 环保性好、 控制灵活方便、 清洗效果好 的混合动力电动清洗车。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种混合动力电动清洗车, 包括底盘以及固定于底盘上的清洗机构、 水箱, 所述底盘由驱动电机驱动, 所述清洗机构由水泵驱动组件驱动, 所 述驱动电机与动力电池的输出端相连, 所述动力电池的输入端与充电机构 相连, 所述充电机构包括相连的发动机和发电机。
作为本发明的进一步改进:
所述驱动电机的输出端通过主变速箱、 传动轴以及主减速器与底盘上 车轮相连, 所述水泵驱动组件为水泵电机, 所述水泵电机的输出端通过联 轴器与清洗机构中的水泵相连, 所述水泵电机的输入端与动力电池相连。 所述驱动电机的驱动电机控制器、 发电机的发电机控制器、 水泵电机的变 频器均通过高压配电箱与动力电池相连。
所述水泵驱动组件包括依次相连的副离合器和副变速箱, 所述驱动电 机输出端经分动箱后一路通过主变速箱、 传动轴以及主减速器与底盘上车 轮相连, 另一路与副离合器的输入端相连, 所述副变速箱输出端通过联轴 器与清洗机构中的水泵相连, 所述副变速箱的变速机构通过控制油缸与液 压单元相连。 所述驱动电机的驱动电机控制器、 发电机的发电机控制器均 通过高压配电箱与动力电池相连。
所述底盘上设有副车架, 所述副车架上设有箱体, 所述箱体包括前、 后两段, 在靠车头的前段中安装发动机和发电机, 在靠车尾的后段中安装 动力电池。
所述箱体的前段内壁上布置有消音棉, 所述箱体的前、 后段之间填充 隔热材料。
所述发动机前端安装有冷却器, 所述冷却器的进出水管分别与发动机 进出水口连接, 所述冷却器与发动机之间安装有两个以上的电动风扇。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的优点在于:
本发明的混合动力电动清洗车, 改变了水泵的驱动方式, 水泵的控制 更加灵活、 方便, 使清洗车能根据不同路况采取不同的工作方式。 混合动 力电动清洗车的主动力源是电力, 燃油是辅助动力源, 当电力不足时, 辅 助动力源为主动力系统提供能量, 维持清洗车的运转。 这种新的动力形式 克服了传统燃油清洗车和电动清洗车的缺点, 清洗车既能在纯电动模式下 作业, 具有纯电动清洗车的零排放、 低噪音的优点, 又能在混合动力模式 下作业, 对动力电池进行及时充电, 完全突破了续驶里程对电动清洗车使 用的限制, 延长了动力电池的使用寿命, 扩展了电动清洗车的使用范围。 附图说明
图 1是本发明具体 施例 1的原理示意图;
图 2是本发明具体 施例 1的主视结构示意图;
图 3是本发明具体 施例 2的原理示意图;
图 4是本发明具体 施例 2的俯视结构示意图。 附图标记说明
1、 主离合器; 2、 主变速箱; 3、 传动轴; 4、 动力电池; 5、 水箱; 6、 喷雾装置; 7、 尾箱; 8、 爬梯; 9、 水泵; 10、 水泵电机; 11、 角喷头; 12、 联轴器; 13、 发动机; 14、 驱动电机控制器; 15、 驱动电机; 16、 冷却器; 17、 电动风扇; 18、 高压配电箱; 19、 底盘大梁; 20、 发电机控制器; 21、 喷水架; 22、 驾驶室; 23、 整车控制器; 24、 变频器; 25、 副车架; 26、 箱体; 27、 主减速器; 28、 后轮; 29、 隔热材料; 30、 消音棉; 31、 发电 机; 32、 低压配电箱; 33、 飞轮壳; 34、 副离合器; 35、 副变速箱; 36- 控制油缸; 37、 液压单元; 38、 分动箱。 具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。 实施例 1 : 如图 1和图 2所示, 本发明混合动力电动清洗车为一种具备 燃油和电力两种动力的清洗车, 其行走和水泵工作由两台电机分别驱动。 该混合动力电动清洗车, 包括底盘以及固定于底盘上的清洗机构、 水箱 5, 底盘由驱动电机 15驱动, 清洗机构由水泵驱动组件驱动, 驱动电机 15与 动力电池 4的输出端相连, 动力电池 4的输入端与充电机构相连, 充电机 构包括相连的发动机 13和发电机 31。 驱动电机 15的输出端通过主变速箱 2、 传动轴 3 以及主减速器 27与底盘上车轮相连, 水泵驱动组件为一水泵 电机 10,水泵电机 10的输出端通过联轴器 12与清洗机构中的水泵 9相连, 水泵电机 10的输入端与动力电池 4相连。 底盘上设有尾箱 7和爬梯 8。
本实施例中, 副车架 25固定在驾驶室 22后面的底盘大梁 19 (参见图
4) 上, 副车架 25两侧下部各有一个箱体, 水泵 9安装在副车架 25的左侧 下部的箱体内, 发电机控制器 20、 低压配电箱 32 (参见图 4) 安装在副车 架 25的右侧下部的箱体内, 充分利用安装空间, 使部件的布置更加合理。 水泵 9通过联轴器 12与水泵电机 10连接, 水泵电机 10通过变频器 24与 动力电池 4连接, 动力电池 4向水泵电机 10供电, 水泵电机 10单独直联 驱动水泵 9, 减少了传动损失, 变频器 24控制水泵 9转速, 控制方便且效 率高。 副车架 25上部连接有箱体 26, 箱体 26包括前、 后两段, 在靠车头 的前段安装了发动机 13和发电机 31, 发动机 13驱动发电机 31运转发电, 向动力电池 4、 驱动电机 15、 水泵电机 10供电; 在靠车尾的后段安装了动 力电池 4, 在动力电池 4的上部安装了高压配电箱 18、 整车控制器 23、 变 频器 24。 本发明将高压配电箱 18与低压配电箱 32分隔开, 从而减少了电 气干扰。 箱体 26的前段内壁上布置有消音棉 30, 用于消除发动机 13运转 时产生的噪音; 箱体前、 后段之间填充隔热材料 29, 用来防止前段的发动 机 13运转产生的高温影响后段的电气设备正常工作。 发动机 13前端安装 有冷却器 16, 冷却器 16的进出水管与发动机 13进出水口连接; 冷却器 16 与发动机 13之间安装有两个电动风扇 17,电动风扇 17根据发动机 13的温 度高低自动起停, 节约能量。 发动机 13与发电机 31通过飞轮壳 33连接, 从而结构简单, 轴向尺寸小。 高压配电箱 18将发电机控制器 20、 动力电池 4、 变频器 24、 驱动电机控制器 14连接在一起, 实现电流能量的输送。 水 箱 5安装在箱体 26后部, 固定在底盘大梁 19上。 清洗机构的喷水架 21安 装在清洗车的前部, 其上布置了间隔均匀的一系列喷头; 喷水架 21后部左 右各装有一个角喷头 11 ; 喷雾装置 6固定在水箱 5后部顶上; 水泵 9通过 管路与喷水架 21上的喷头、 角喷头 11及喷雾装置 6连接; 喷水架 21可以 上下移动, 使喷头离地面的高度可变, 可以左右偏摆, 适应不同的作业需 要。 驱动电机 15安装在驾驶室 22下部, 与底盘上的主离合器 1连接, 通 过主变速箱 2、 传动轴 3、 主减速器 27驱动后轮 28行走, 其驱动电机控制 器 14安装在驱动电机 15上部, 驱动电机 15通过驱动电机控制器 14与动 力电池 4连接, 动力电池 4向驱动电机 15提供电力, 实现纯电动行走。
本实施例中, 其行走和水泵工作由两台电机分别驱动, 作业时相互独 立, 水泵电机 10是由变频器 24控制, 可以根据路况很精确的调节不同的 水泵转速, 满足不同的清洗要求。
实施例 2: 如图 3和图 4所示, 该混合动力电动清洗车, 包括底盘以及 固定于底盘上的清洗机构、 水箱 5, 底盘由驱动电机 15驱动, 清洗机构由 水泵驱动组件驱动, 驱动电机 15与动力电池 4的输出端相连, 动力电池 4 的输入端与充电机构相连, 充电机构包括相连的发动机 13和发电机 31。水 泵驱动组件包括依次相连的副离合器 34和副变速箱 35, 驱动电机 15输出 端经分动箱 38后一路通过主变速箱 2、传动轴 3以及主减速器 27与底盘上 车轮相连, 另一路与副离合器 34的输入端相连, 副变速箱 35输出端通过 联轴器 12与清洗机构中的水泵 9相连, 副变速箱 35的变速机构通过控制 油缸 36与液压单元 37相连。
实施例 2与实施例 1的区别在于水泵 9的驱动方式不同, 增加一台分 动箱 38, 连接在驱动电机 15与主离合器 1、 副离合器 34之间, 副离合器 34连接副变速箱 35, 再通过联轴器 12与水泵 9连接。 工作中, 转场时, 断开副离合器 34, 动力从驱动电机 15经分动箱 38、 主离合器 1、 主变速箱 2、 传动轴 3、 主减速器 27驱动后轮 28行走; 进行作业时, 主离合器 1与 副离合器 34接合, 动力从驱动电机 15经分动箱 38分成两路, 一路驱动行 走, 一路经副离合器 34、 副变速箱 35、 联轴器 12驱动水泵 9, 根据不同的 路面情况, 改变副变速箱 35的档位, 即可改变水泵 9转速, 副变速箱 35 的换挡执行机构是控制油缸 36, 液压单元 37为其提供动力。
本发明采用上述两种技术方案后, 清洗车的行走和水泵工作均由电机 驱动, 实施例 1中使用电气方式控制水泵 9的转速, 实施例 2中使用机械 结构实现对水泵 9的控制。
当动力电池 4的容量充足时, 实施例 1和实施例 2均可在纯电动模式 下进行行走和清洗作业, 此时具有零排放和低噪音的优点; 当动力电池 4 的容量下降到一定程度, 为使动力电池 4不至于过放电, 整车控制器 23自 动启动发电机组进行发电, 供行走和清洗作业使用, 多余的电力对动力电 池 4充电, 此时的发电机组输出功率恒定, 且工作在高效率、 低排放、 低 噪音的转速区域, 对整车的燃油经济性和排放性能十分有利; 当动力电池 4 充电完成后, 发电机组自动停止运行。
采用本技术方案的混合动力电动清洗车工作一天, 其纯电动工作模式 可占 50% , 其余的工作时间启动发电机组, 以最经济的状态驱动行走和清 洗作业, 并对动力电池 4充电, 可延长动力电池 4的使用寿命, 也可解决 纯电动清洗车一次充电续驶里程短的缺点, 克服每天的工作时间和工作量 受到电量限制, 影响车辆使用的缺陷。
此技术方案既解决了清洗车水泵的独立控制问题, 又降低了燃油发动 机的排放污染及噪音问题, 还使清洗车的作业时间和作业距离不受电池容 量的限制。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上 述实施例, 凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。 应 当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明原理前提 下的若干改进和润饰, 均应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种混合动力电动清洗车, 包括底盘以及固定于底盘上的清洗机构 和水箱 (5), 其特征在于: 所述底盘由驱动电机 (15) 驱动, 所述清洗机构 由水泵驱动组件驱动, 所述驱动电机 (15) 与动力电池 (4) 的输出端相连, 所述动力电池 (4) 的输入端与充电机构相连, 所述充电机构包括相连的发 动机 (13) 和发电机 (31)。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的混合动力电动清洗车, 其特征在于: 所述驱 动电机 (15) 的输出端通过主变速箱 (2)、 传动轴 (3) 以及主减速器 (27) 与底盘上车轮相连,所述水泵驱动组件为水泵电机(10),所述水泵电机(10) 的输出端通过联轴器 (12) 与清洗机构中的水泵 (9) 相连, 所述水泵电机 (10) 的输入端与所述动力电池 (4) 相连。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的混合动力电动清洗车, 其特征在于: 所述水 泵驱动组件包括依次相连的副离合器 (34) 和副变速箱 (35), 所述驱动电 机 (15) 输出端经分动箱 (38) 后一路通过主变速箱 (2)、 传动轴 (3) 以 及主减速器 (27) 与底盘上车轮相连, 另一路与副离合器 (34) 的输入端相 连, 所述副变速箱 (35) 输出端通过联轴器 (12) 与清洗机构中的水泵 (9) 相连, 所述副变速箱(35)的变速机构通过控制油缸(36)与液压单元(37) 相连。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 3所述的混合动力电动清洗车, 其特征在于: 所 述驱动电机 (15) 的驱动电机控制器 (14)、 发电机 (31) 的发电机控制器 (20) 均通过高压配电箱 (18) 与动力电池 (4) 相连。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的混合动力电动清洗车, 其特征在于: 所述驱 动电机(15 ) 的驱动电机控制器(14)、 发电机(31 ) 的发电机控制器(20)、 水泵电机 (10) 的变频器 (24) 均通过高压配电箱 (18 ) 与动力电池 (4) 相连。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的混合动力电动清洗车, 其特征在于: 所述底盘上设有副车架 (25 ), 所述副车架 (25 ) 上设有箱体 (26), 所述箱 体 (26)包括前、 后两段, 在靠车头的前段中安装所述发动机 (13 ) 和发电 机 (31 ), 在靠车尾的后段中安装所述动力电池 (4)。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的混合动力电动清洗车, 其特征在于: 所述箱 体 (26) 的前段内壁上布置有消音棉 (30), 所述箱体 (26) 的前、 后段之 间填充隔热材料 (29)。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的混合动力电动清洗车, 其特征在于: 所述发动机 (13 ) 前端安装有冷却器 (16), 所述冷却器 (16) 的进出水管 分别与发动机 (13 ) 的进出水口连接, 所述冷却器 (16) 与发动机 (13 ) 之 间安装有两个以上的电动风扇 (17)。
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