WO2011147550A1 - Kühlelement und verfahren zum herstellen desselben; elektrochemische energiespeichervorrichtung mit kühlelement - Google Patents
Kühlelement und verfahren zum herstellen desselben; elektrochemische energiespeichervorrichtung mit kühlelement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011147550A1 WO2011147550A1 PCT/EP2011/002513 EP2011002513W WO2011147550A1 WO 2011147550 A1 WO2011147550 A1 WO 2011147550A1 EP 2011002513 W EP2011002513 W EP 2011002513W WO 2011147550 A1 WO2011147550 A1 WO 2011147550A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling element
- film layer
- heat exchanger
- heat transfer
- transfer medium
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 61
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
- H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
- H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
- H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49366—Sheet joined to sheet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cooling element, in particular for the arrangement between electrochemical energy storage cells, and to a method for producing the same.
- the invention also relates to an electrochemical energy storage device with a cooling element between each two memory cells.
- FR 2 694 136 A1 discloses cooling elements for arrangement between flat, stacked battery cells in a battery arrangement.
- Cooling elements are designed as heat exchanger plates, consisting of parallel metallic plates with tubes arranged therebetween or corrugated sheet metal arranged therebetween for the formation of
- Coolant channels which are traversed by air or other coolant.
- three cooling elements are provided, namely two each at the front end and one in the middle of the stack between two cells.
- the cooling elements are designed and set up for cooling by air. Due to the only occasionally arranged cooling elements, the coolant volume and thus the total cooling capacity of the arrangement is limited.
- the structure of the cooling elements is complex, the cooling elements are thick compared to the battery elements, and the manufacturing process is relatively complex.
- From DE 10 2008 034 869 A1 is a battery with several, one Cell composite forming battery cells, wherein between two adjacent battery cells each have a heat conducting element is arranged, which deliver their heat absorbed by the battery cells to a common, arranged below the battery cells cooling plate.
- a cooling element in particular for the arrangement between electrochemical
- Heat transfer medium through-flowable heat exchanger structure the at least substantially of two film layers or
- Foil layer structures is formed, which are juxtaposed with opposite surfaces and connected to formed within the surfaces seams, wherein the seams define cavities between the surfaces through which the heat transfer medium is conductive.
- a cooling element is understood to mean a component which is also capable of cooling adjacent surfaces, in particular of electrochemical energy storage cells, between which it is arranged.
- a heat transfer medium is understood as meaning a medium, in particular a fluid, which is also able to heat to pick up and transport, for example, to deliver it elsewhere.
- an electrochemical energy storage cell is understood to mean a component which is also capable of converting electrical current supplied by electrochemical conversion processes into chemical energy and at least temporarily storing it, and of delivering stored chemical energy as electrical current to a consumer.
- a film layer is understood to mean a component layer which at least essentially consists of a film
- a film layer structure is understood in the context of the invention to be a film-like or foil-like structure consisting of several, possibly different, film layers consists.
- a cavity is understood to mean a space between two film layers or film layer structures, independently of the actual spacing of the film layers or film layer structures from one another. It is to be understood that a foil layer or
- Foil layer structure has a certain inherent rigidity and strength, so that manufactured components not under its own weight
- a thickness of a film layer structure may preferably be several tens to several hundreds pm (microns).
- a cooling element which is actively cooled. This also makes a high cooling capacity possible. With the active cooling of each cooling element, an accurate and targeted cooling of the entire memory cell stack on the level of the individual memory cell of a stacked arrangement of memory cells is possible.
- the processing of films is technically easy to control and economical; they can easily be deformed, for example by pressing or deep-drawing relief structures or punching out recesses and holes. Only two individual parts (namely the film layers or film layer structures) are to be handled in the heat exchanger structure. The wording of the invention is not opposed when the two film layers or film layer structures connected by an edge and folded over each other: in this case, even only one item can be handled.
- the cooling element is designed such that walls of the cavities formed by the film layers or film layer structures have an elasticity such that they are in an operating state in which the heat exchanger structure is under an operating overpressure of the heat transfer medium, compared to a pressureless state in the thickness direction of the cooling element expand. Under an operating pressure is within the meaning of the invention, a pressure difference between the heat transfer medium in the interior of the cavities of the
- Cooling element to understand an environment that occurs when the cooling element within design-compliant operating parameters of
- Cooling element is used. Elasticity of the walls is understood in the context of the invention to mean elastic extensibility in the surface-parallel direction of the wall. Due to the described configuration, the cooling element can be easily mounted between two surfaces to be cooled, without having to touch those surfaces. In the described operating state, the heat exchanger structure can then expand so that its wall comes into contact with the surfaces and a good heat transfer is ensured. However, the wording of the invention is not opposed if the cooling element is mounted in close contact, possibly even under pressure, between surfaces to be cooled; In this case, the heat exchanger structure will deform elastically during assembly and cling to the surfaces, and will continue to cling to the surfaces under the operating pressure and the
- the cooling element may be formed such that the heat exchanger structure has expansion sections which are in an operating state in which the heat exchanger structure is under a
- the cooling element is designed such that the
- Cooling element has a frame structure in the neck of the
- Heat exchanger structure is arranged.
- a frame structure is understood to mean a structure which, in addition to the inherent rigidity of the heat exchanger structure, gives the cooling element further rigidity by keeping the heat exchanger structure in its edge region.
- the frame structure can be independent of an operating overpressure
- the frame structure can also specify in particular a defined reference thickness of the cooling element. In this way, the mechanical strength and stability of the cooling element can be increased and can Modularisieriana a
- Battery assembly can be facilitated with cooling elements.
- the frame structure may be at least substantially formed of two foil layers or foil layer structures disposed opposite respective surfaces.
- a symmetrical frame structure can be easily constructed.
- the film layer structures may be constructed of folded film layers to achieve sufficient rigidity.
- edge regions of the film layers or film layer structures of the W are to be handled for producing the frame structure.
- Heat exchanger structure may be included between parts of the frame structure. It is therefore not excluded that a border area of
- Heat exchanger structure is formed, as part of the frame structure is understood 5.
- the frame structure is formed from folded edge portions of the foil layers or foil layer structures of the heat exchanger structure, the production of the cooling element can be further simplified.
- the frame structure can be sprayed onto edge sections of the foil layers or foil layer structures of the heat exchanger structure or as
- the frame structure has a stiffening structure, in particular with a number of ribs. With such a structure can also be sufficient
- Rigidity and strength of the cooling element can be realized at the same time light construction.
- the cooling element is designed such that the heat exchanger structure in an operating state in which it is under an operating pressure of the heat transfer medium, protrudes in the thickness direction over a predetermined by the frame structure expansion, 25 where they are not or significantly less than in an unpressurized state protrudes in the operating state beyond the predetermined by the frame structure extension or behind the predetermined by the frame structure expansion. It can thus cover a variety of geometric constraints and installation situations.
- the cooling element is further configured such that the cooling element a heat transfer medium supply port and a Having heat transfer medium discharge port, which through the
- the cooling element can also be easily connected to a coolant supply circuit in this way.
- the cooling element is designed such that the cavities at least in a portion of
- Heat exchanger structure form one or more channels, which preferably extend parallel to each other and in the same direction or in opposite directions through the heat transfer medium can be flowed through. It can thus a variety of -. thermal design parameters are covered.
- Foil layer structures comprise a plastic.
- the plastic may include, but is not limited to, an elastomer such as PE, PC, PP, PVC, PS.
- an elastomer or thermoplastic is understood as meaning a plastic which is reversibly deformable in a specific temperature range.
- the film layers or film layer structures may also have a composite film, a laminate film or the like, for example, different
- the foil layers or foil layer structures may preferably contain a substance which influences the thermal conductivity. Such substances are, for example but not exclusively,
- the heat transfer medium is a liquid
- Heat transfer medium which preferably comprises at least one of water and an alcohol, in particular glycol, more preferably in a mixing ratio of at least about 50:50.
- a mixing ratio can be adjusted and / or other additives added.
- Film layer structure such that surfaces of the first and the second film layer or film layer structure facing each other;
- Foil layer structure formed in the surfaces seams such that between the seams, a cavity structure is formed, which is preferably open at least two locations on the edge side, wherein between the two open points, there is a continuous connection to form a heat exchanger structure.
- the step of preparing comprises a step of forming a relief structure in the first and the second film layer structure, wherein the relief structure after the step of
- Connecting the first and the second film layer or film layer structure forms the cavity structure.
- the method comprises a step of introducing a pressurized fluid between the first and the second film layer or
- Film layer structure preferably in a heated state, to expand the cavity structure, more preferably using a die to limit the expansion.
- the method particularly preferably has a step of forming a frame structure that is at least essentially circumferential on both sides of a dividing plane that is defined between the first and the second film.
- an electrochemical energy storage device has a plurality of particularly flat electrochemical energy storage cells, which are arranged with mutually facing flat sides in a stack, wherein between each two memory cells, a cooling element is arranged, which is formed as described above or after the above described method is made.
- a cooling element is arranged, which is formed as described above or after the above described method is made.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of two battery cells with a
- Cooling element in an embodiment of the present invention is a perspective view of the cooling element alone; Fig. 3 is an end view of the cooling element; Fig. 4 is a marginal view of the cooling element on a line IV-IV in
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a detail of the cooling element taken along a line V-V in the direction of view associated arrows in Fig. 3;
- Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a specimen for
- Fig. 7 is a schematic front view of a cooling element in one
- FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a cooling element in a further modification of the embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional view corresponding to Fig. 5, which is a
- Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional view corresponding to Fig. 5, which is a
- Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are enlarged sectional views corresponding to Fig. 5, showing a further modification in the structure of the cooling element in two stages of manufacture
- Fig. 13 is a plan view of a semi-finished product for producing a Cooling element according to FIG. 11 or FIG. 12
- Fig. 14 is a schematic illustration of a battery cell assembly having a coolant circuit.
- Fig. 1 shows in a battery assembly 1, two lithium-ion battery cells 10, between which a cooling element 40 is arranged, in a perspective view.
- the two battery cells 10 are part of a block or module of battery cells 10, in which more than two battery cells 10 can be stacked, and are an example of electrochemical
- Battery cells 10 connected to each other in series and / or in parallel, that a predetermined block voltage and block capacitance on the basis of individual voltages and individual capacities of the battery cells 10 is realized.
- the exact structure of the battery cells 10 follows substantially
- a battery cell 10 has a battery element 30 and a two-part frame with two frame parts 12, 14, wherein the first frame part 12 has a trough shape with a peripheral edge web and the second frame part 14 has a plate shape and is fitted into the edge web of the first frame part 12. Elevations or pins (not shown in detail), which rise from a bottom of the first frame part 12, engage in holes 16 of the second frame part 14. In the four corners of the first frame part, widening at which the edge web, four depressions 18 are provided , At the back of the first frame part four knobs 19 are integrally formed with the depressions 18.
- a sinking depth of the depressions 18 is greater than the height of the studs 19 plus a thickness of the cooling element 40, and that in an assembled state of multiple battery cells 10, the studs 19 of a battery cell 10 each in the depressions 18 of an adjacent battery cell 10 space Find.
- mounting holes are formed in the frame part 12.
- Cooling elements 40 is strung together, these are by means of long screws (not shown), which extend through the mounting holes, screwed.
- the battery element 30 has the shape and structure of a pouch cell
- a pouch cell is understood to be a battery element in which a sequence of electrode, current collector and separator foils is arranged in a stack or a flat coil and forms a flat package.
- the electrode films include those which act as an anode and those which act as a cathode and are each connected to a current collector foil.
- the current collector foils of the anodes are brought together, in particular outside the stack or the coil, and with the negative absorber 34 connected; Similarly, the current collector foils of the cathodes, in particular outside the stack or the coil, are brought together and connected to the positive diverter 32.
- the arresters 32, 34 protrude through the sealed seam to the outside.
- the term battery is used in particular, but not exclusively, for secondary batteries, that is for multiple times rechargeable and rechargeable batteries, which are also referred to as accumulators.
- the battery elements 30 are assumed to be lithium ion or lithium polymer battery elements or the like; However, the invention is not limited to battery elements of this type.
- the positive arrester 32 is angled at right angles and has in the
- bent leg several (here: three) holes 34a on.
- Notches of the first frame part 12 are formed supports 20 whose height with the height of the angled legs of the arrester 32, 34th
- the supports 20 also have a plurality of (here: three) holes 20 a, which correspond to the holes 32 a, 34 a of the arresters 32, 34.
- the battery elements 30 are arranged in their frame 12, 14, that the angled legs of the conductors to be connected 32, 34 are superposed and their holes 32 a, 34 a aligned with each other and with the holes 20 a of the supports 20.
- screws By means of screws (not shown in detail), which are screwed through the holes 32a, 34a into the holes 20a of the supports 20, the arresters 32, 34 are fixable on the supports 20 and can be reliably contacted with each other.
- a cooling element 40 is arranged between two battery cells 10.
- the cooling element 40 is an active cooling element, that is, it is through a coolant flows through. It has a flow connection 42 and a
- the cooling element 40 of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2 alone.
- the flow connection 42 is connected to a distribution channel 46.
- the distribution channel 46 opens or branches into a plurality of parallel heat exchange channels 48, which in turn open into a collecting channel 50, which is connected to the return port 44.
- the flow connection 42 and the return connection 44 have an im
- Substantial annular mouth which in each case with a flow distributor or a return manifold (not shown here) of the battery is connectable.
- the flow port 42 and the return port 44 may, for example, have an external thread or a shape that allows connection by squeezing or the like. Others too
- connection such as a taper fit or the like are conceivable.
- the previously described sub-elements of the cooling element 40 namely the flow port 42, the manifold 46, the heat exchanger channels 48, the collecting channel 50 and return port 44 together form a heat exchanger structure (without its own reference numeral) in the context of the invention, which is held in a frame 52.
- the frame 52 serves on the one hand to stiffen the heat exchanger arrangement and on the other hand the dimensionally accurate arrangement between battery cells 10.
- the frame 52 a plurality of recesses 54, as far as the requirements for the overall stiffness allow it (between the recesses 54 thus remain ribs 53 are.
- the remaining surfaces of the end faces (flat sides) of the frame 52 form contact surfaces for the frame elements 12 of the battery cells 10, as shown in Fig. 1.
- a bay 55 is formed, which measures its dimensions in approximately recesses in the frame parts 12 of the Battery elements 10 for receiving the Abieiter 32, 34 correspond. Holes 56 in the corners of the frame 52 of the cooling element 40 are aligned in the
- FIG. 3 shows an end view of the cooling element 40; and FIG. 4 shows a side view of the cooling element 40 in the direction of an arrow IV in FIG. 3 in a pressurized state.
- a coolant flow (cold) 58 and a coolant return (warm) 60 are indicated schematically.
- the main dimensions (width W, height H) of the cooling element 40 are indicated.
- the width W of the heating element (and a battery element) may be about 220 mm
- the height H of the heating element (and a battery element) may be about 276 mm, for example.
- Fig. 4 shows a side view of the heating element 4 from the side of
- the thickness T of the frame 52 is indicated as the third major dimension of the cooling element 40.
- the thickness T of the heating element 40 may be, for example, 2 to 3 mm in a practical embodiment of a lithium-ion battery cell of 40 Ah (the direction of the thickness T of the cooling element 40 is also referred to as the thickness direction in the sense of the invention).
- the heat exchange passages 48 this region is also referred to as a cooling pad protrude in the pressurized state shown in FIG. 4
- a coolant for example, a mixture of water and glycol in the ratio 50:50 is used.
- the mixing ratio can be adapted to the climatic conditions. It is understood that, depending on capacity, design and other constraints other
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the cooling member taken along a line and looking in the direction of an arrow V in FIG. 3; FIG. The figure illustrates the internal structure of the cooling element 40.
- the cooling element 40 is substantially off built up four layers.
- a first layer 62 forms a first
- Frame half 62, a second layer 64 forms a first heat exchanger half 64, forms a third layer 66, a second heat exchanger half 66, and forms a fourth layer 68, a second frame half 68 from.
- a dot-dash line 70 in the figure indicates a plane of symmetry of the layer structure.
- the second and third layers 64, 66 are made of films and on
- Cooling element 40 In the background of the figure and the distribution channel 46 is visible.
- the distribution channel 46 and the collection channel 50 ( Figure 2) are delimited by similar seams.
- the heat exchanger halves 64, 66 may be shaped in advance (such as by deep drawing or hot pressing) and then joined at the seams 72a, 72b, 72c.
- the layers 64, 66 may be first bonded (as by heat) at the seams 72a, 72b, 72c and then formed by pressure in the warm state, possibly in a die.
- first and fourth layers (first and second frame halves) 62, 68 are respectively welded, molded or otherwise formed above and below the plane of symmetry 70. These form a peripheral frame (frame 52, Fig. 2) for stiffening the construction of the second and third layer 64, 66. (Mechanically, the captured between the frame halves 62, 68 edge portions of the heat exchanger halves 64, 66 as part of the frame 52nd
- the frame 52 is a frame structure in the sense of
- the two heat exchanger halves 64, 66 within the frame 52 form the heat exchanger structure in the context of the invention.
- the whole Area within the frame 52, in which the heat exchanger structure is arranged, is also referred to as a section of the frame structure according to the invention.
- the shape of the frame halves 62, 68 with recesses 54 can be made for example by deep drawing or hot pressing a thin film.
- the recesses 54 may be formed, for example, by subsequent impressions, evaporation (such as by laser beam) or milling a thicker material layer.
- the heat exchanger halves 64, 66 have a corrugated cross-section in the region of the cavities 76 (the heat exchanger channels 48).
- the film from which the heat exchanger halves (layers) 64, 66 are made, is elastic enough that the waves at internal pressure in the cavities 76 in the thickness direction of the cooling element 40 stretch so that they protrude beyond the boundary of the edge 52.
- the distribution channel 46 has a smaller extension in the thickness direction; the same applies to the collection channel (50, see FIG. 2), which is not visible in the figure.
- the distributor channel 46 and the collecting channel 50 therefore do not expand as far as the heat exchanger channels 48 in the thickness direction in the case of overpressure.
- the layers 62, 64, 66, 68 are formed for example from films of a plastic; In particular, they form foil layers or
- Foil layer structures in the sense of the invention.
- the material of the layers 62, 64, 66, 68 is selected according to the required chemical resistance, fire performance (B1, etc.), use temperature, heat conductivity, heat resistance, wear and tear resistance, and the like.
- the films have an elastomer such as polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC),
- the layers 62, 64, 66, 68 may also consist of a Composite film, a laminate film or the like. In the case of such composite films, for example, a layer can have a property improving the toughness or tear resistance, for example by using fiber-reinforced plastics. If, for example, the height h of a frame half 62, 68 is, for example, 1 mm to 1.5 mm, the thickness s of the two inner foils 64, 66 may each be about 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m. So can the
- Total thickness T of the frame 52 for example, from 2.1 mm to 3.3 mm range.
- a simplification of the manufacturing process can be achieved in that the film layers of the heat exchanger structure (the first and second heat exchanger half 64, 66) are connected at one edge and the
- the film thickness s has a significant influence on the heat transfer in the area of the heat exchanger channels 48.
- Fig. 6 shows schematically a heat transfer from a battery element 30 through the wall (layer 64 or 66) into the cavity 76 of a
- Heat exchange channels 48 In this case, the symbol ⁇ symbolizes a temperature of the battery element 30 in [K], T 2 a temperature of
- the battery element 30 can be interpreted as a heating element for the present consideration, and the heat flow Q can be interpreted as the heating power of the heating element assuming steady state conditions.
- a battery element 30 be a heating element having a
- the coefficient of thermal conductivity ⁇ of a plastic film can be assumed to be 0.6 W / K * m, and the contact area A can be 0.2 x 0.2 m 2
- the film layers for forming the heat exchanger structure can be thinner in the area of the bulges than in the area of the seams. This dilution, for example, by a molding process in the
- FIG. 7 shows a modification of the cooling element 40 of the present invention in a simplified representation, the view corresponding to that in Fig. 3.
- the flow channel first extends perpendicular to the flow direction in the flow port 42 and then distributed in the
- Heat exchanger channels 48 which are perpendicular as comb teeth of the
- the flow direction in the heat exchanger channels 48 corresponds to the inflow and outflow direction (58, 60).
- the flow from the flow connection 42 is first via a connection channel 78 to
- Width direction of the cooling element 40 extends. At the bottom of the
- Cooling element 40 extends corresponding to a collecting channel 50 in
- the collecting channel 50 is connected by a further connecting channel 80 with the return port 44.
- a plurality of heat exchanger tubes 48 extend, and the flow direction through the
- Heat exchanger tubes 48 extends perpendicularly from top to bottom, ie transversely to the flow or return direction 58, 60.
- distribution channel 46 may be below and the collecting channel 50 may be at the top, so that the flow direction 49 points in the heat exchanger channels upwards.
- Fig. 8 shows a further modification of the cooling element 40 in a representation corresponding to that of Fig. 7.
- a single, continuous heat exchange channel 48 zigzags (see arrows 49).
- flow channels heat exchanger channels
- the corrugated cross-section of the heat exchanger halves 64, 66 approximately from circular ring segments
- the waves can be stretched higher and thus an approximately egg-shaped
- FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to the enlarged partial sectional view of FIG. 5 showing a modification in construction of the heat exchanger structure
- Heat exchanger halves 64, 66 which walls of the cavities 76 to
- Forming the heat exchanger channels 48 form, in each case two web sections 82 and a Schmiegabites 84, which connects the web sections together to form a closed cavity in cross-section 76. It should be noted that in this modification, the cavity 74 (Fig. 5) is omitted.
- the Schmiegabitese 84 have an outer surface 84 a, the
- the Schmiegabitese 84 are thus designed and adapted to conform to an outer contour of the battery elements 30.
- Outside surface 84a may also be the heat transfer surface with the
- Battery element 30 can be increased.
- Schmiegabitesen 84 extend, have a cross-sectionally S-shaped course.
- the web sections 82 extend in such a way that the Schmiegabitese 84 come to rest against the battery elements 30 (see dotted contour 84 'in the upper half of the right cavity shown) ,
- the web portions 82 form
- Fig. 10 shows another modification of the embodiment of the present invention. The modification essentially concerns the
- the cooling element 40 of this modification is essentially composed of only two layers 64, 66.
- the layers 64, 66 form heat exchanger halves with cavities 76, as in the embodiment described above.
- the frame 52 is formed from these layers 64, 66.
- edge regions of the layers 64, 66 are folded in the form of a "U” in order to obtain a circumferential, double "U” -shaped frame 52, which is formed on both sides of the plane of symmetry 70 respectively of two layers of the layer 64 and 66, respectively the walls of the cavities 76 are each formed only from one layer of the layer 64 or 66.
- the layers 64 and 66 in the region of the edge profile have a connecting layer or joint 72d with each other, where they are connected to each other, for example by gluing, welding or the like.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 show two process steps in the manufacture of a cooling element 40 in a further modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the cooling element 40 of this modification essentially consists of two layers 64, 66.
- the layers 64, 66 form heat exchanger halves with cavities 76.
- the Frame 52 formed from these layers 64, 66 as described below with reference to FIGS. 1 1 and 12 is explained.
- edge regions of the layers 64, 66 are folded several times on both sides of the plane of symmetry in order to form an edge bead 52', which defines the heat exchanger structure (cavities 76 or channels 46, 48, 50) surrounds circumferentially.
- the edge bead 52 ' is then hot deformed (pressed) to the edge 52 with his
- Recesses 54 form, as shown in Fig. 12. 12, the folded layers of the layers 64 and 66 have become thinner after the pressing process than in the edge bead 52 ', while the height h of the edge 52 is higher than the height h' of the edge bead 52 'of FIG 1 1 manufacturing state shown. (Nevertheless, a construction of the
- the edge bead 52 ' (formed in deviation from FIG. 11 in the height of the final edge 52, that is to say consisting of more layers) can, for example, be milled out instead of a pressing operation in order to form the recesses 54.
- Fig. 13 shows a cut foil sheet 64 'and 66' as
- Dashed lines 90a, 92a within tabs 90, 92 indicate bend lines at which tabs 90, 92 are to be folded to form an edge bead 52 '( Figure 11). Between the bending lines 90a, 90b strips 90b, 92b are defined.
- the tabs 90, 92 also have lateral incisions 90c and 92c, the incision depth of which corresponds to the spacing of the bending lines 90a, 92a.
- the narrower tabs 90 each of the first strip 90b incisions 90c, the second strip 90b has no cuts, the third strip in turn incisions 90c, and so on in alternation;
- the wider tabs 92 the first strip 92b has no cuts, the second strip 92b has cuts 92c, the third strip has no cuts, and so on.
- tabs 90b with notches 90c at the corners of the tab 88 meet tabs 92 without cuts and meet tabs 90b without cuts on tabs 92 with slots 92c. In this way, accumulations of material and thus elevations in the region of the corners 88a are avoided. It is understood that the order of the cuts may be different.
- the essential feature of this modification is that, at the corners 88a, one of the strips 88b, 92b of the same ordinal number meeting there has one incision and the other does not.
- two successive strips of a flap 90 or 92 may have a cut 90c and 92c, respectively, at a corner 88a, while the corresponding strips of the other flap have no incision.
- the intertwining of the tabs 90, 92 is not so pronounced; However, the folding of the tabs 90, 92 may be easier to accomplish.
- material accumulations and thus elevations in the area of the corners 88a are deliberately accepted, so that the notches 90c, 92c are omitted. In this variant, an increased material requirement in the corners 88a for supporting the bores 56 (FIG. 2) can be taken into account.
- Fig. 14 shows a battery assembly 1 with a cooling circuit, as may be provided for example in a vehicle, but also in a stationary system.
- the battery assembly 1 has in the example shown - without limiting the generality in terms of design and number - ten lithium-ion battery cells 10 according to the above description with each interposed cooling elements 40.
- the projecting laterally from the battery assembly 1 flow connections 42 of the cooling elements 40 are connected to a common flow distributor 94. Similarly, the projecting on the other side of the battery assembly 1 return ports 42 of the cooling elements 40 with a
- Battery elements (30, unspecified here) are detected and a Battery control unit (stack control unit) 100 as state signals Z B are provided.
- the operating conditions include in particular a cell temperature.
- the temperature and other status signals are fed via a network (not shown in detail) to a control unit (CTR) 102.
- CTR control unit
- the controller 102 processes the signals supplied to it to provide control signals S P for a pump 104, S L for a fan motor 106, and S H for an electric flow heater 108.
- the downstream of the return manifold 96 arranged pump 104 keeps a coolant circuit in motion.
- the pumped by the pump 104 coolant is passed through a radiator 110 and from there into a surge tank 1 12. From the surge tank 112, the coolant is drawn off by suction of the pump 104 and first passed through the flow heater 108, before it via the flow distributor 94th the flow connections 42 of the
- Cooling elements 40 is supplied.
- the coolant (as described above, water and glycol in a suitable mixing ratio of, for example, 50:50) absorbs excess heat of the battery cells 10.
- the cooling of the battery cells 10 can by controlling the pump 04, the flow rate of the
- Coolant determined, and by controlling the fan motor 106, the cooling fan 114 sweeps the radiator 110 with an air flow, are controlled. In this respect, for example in cold weather and especially at the start of the
- Battery system is also a preheating of the battery cells 10 by
- the coolant can also be understood quite generally as a heat transfer medium within the meaning of the invention.
- the flow connection 42 is a
- Heat transfer medium supply port and the return port 44 is a heat transfer medium discharge port.
- the cooling circuit is
- Arrangement 1 is for example via controllable flow restrictor valves (not shown in detail) possible, which are respectively connected upstream of the flow connections 42 and can be controlled via the control unit 102.
- the coolant circuit may be provided separately for the battery area and specially adapted; but it can also, for example in a
- Hybrid vehicle a coolant circuit of an internal combustion engine to be exploited.
- Claims may be modified and extended to predetermined scope and range, for example, but not exclusively, as indicated below.
- the heat exchanger channels 48 in a pressureless state substantially in the thickness direction of the cooling element 40 flush with an outer boundary of the cooling element 40 defined by the frame 52 and do not touch the respective adjacent battery elements 10.
- the outer contour of the heat exchanger channels 48 can recede or slightly beyond the boundary of the frame 52 in the pressureless state. Decisive for the optimal functioning of the cooling element 40 is that the outer contour of the heat exchanger ducts in an operating state in which the cooling element under an operating pressure of the
- Heat transfer medium is, conforms to the battery element 10.
- the outer contour of the heat exchanger ducts 48 in the unpressurised state can protrude significantly beyond the boundary of the frame 52 and even in the unpressurized state the battery element 10 already protrudes touch or be compressed by this in cross-section.
- relief structures are only in one of the heat exchanger halves 64, 66 (cf., Fig. 5 et seq.)
- Heat exchanger half is flat.
- the plane of symmetry 70 generalizes to a dividing plane in the sense of the invention.
- Such a cooling element can be used, for example, outside the last battery cells 10 in an arrangement 1.
- electrochemical energy storage cells is independent of their mode of action applicable, in which a derivative of excess heat could be advantageous.
- connection layer (interface)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/698,220 US20130071720A1 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-05-19 | Cooling element, method for producing same and electrochemical energy storage device comprising a cooling element |
EP11725321.1A EP2577791A1 (de) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-05-19 | Kühlelement und verfahren zum herstellen desselben; elektrochemische energiespeichervorrichtung mit kühlelement |
JP2013511572A JP2013531338A (ja) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-05-19 | 冷却要素及び冷却要素製造方法、冷却要素を有する電気化学エネルギー貯蔵装置 |
CN2011800260198A CN102906933A (zh) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-05-19 | 冷却元件、其制造方法和包括冷却元件的电化学储能装置 |
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DE201010021922 DE102010021922A1 (de) | 2010-05-28 | 2010-05-28 | Kühlelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben; elektrochemische Energiespeichervorrichtung mit Kühlelement |
DE102010021922.3 | 2010-05-28 |
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WO2011147550A1 true WO2011147550A1 (de) | 2011-12-01 |
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PCT/EP2011/002513 WO2011147550A1 (de) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-05-19 | Kühlelement und verfahren zum herstellen desselben; elektrochemische energiespeichervorrichtung mit kühlelement |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20130071720A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2577791A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2013531338A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102906933A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010021922A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011147550A1 (de) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2013531338A (ja) | 2013-08-01 |
EP2577791A1 (de) | 2013-04-10 |
DE102010021922A1 (de) | 2011-12-01 |
CN102906933A (zh) | 2013-01-30 |
US20130071720A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
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