WO2011146058A1 - Fenêtre optoélectronique pouvant être commutée - Google Patents

Fenêtre optoélectronique pouvant être commutée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011146058A1
WO2011146058A1 PCT/US2010/035394 US2010035394W WO2011146058A1 WO 2011146058 A1 WO2011146058 A1 WO 2011146058A1 US 2010035394 W US2010035394 W US 2010035394W WO 2011146058 A1 WO2011146058 A1 WO 2011146058A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating layer
substrate
monomer
oligomer
switchable window
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/035394
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Shaw
Adrian Dekrom
Original Assignee
Versaglass, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Versaglass, Llc filed Critical Versaglass, Llc
Priority to PCT/US2010/035394 priority Critical patent/WO2011146058A1/fr
Publication of WO2011146058A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011146058A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally related to an electro-optical switchable liquid crystal window and polymer compositions for providing such.
  • LC devices that may be used as electro-optical switchable windows generally comprise a liquid crystal layer of controlled thickness sandwiched between two substrates. Each substrate is transparent and coated with a transparent, electrically conductive coating on the side facing the liquid crystal layer to enable an electrical field to be applied to the layer.
  • the substrates may be glass or a polymer substrate film. If the substrates are film then it may be possible to laminate the liquid crystal coating layer to regular window glass panes on one or both sides by employing an adhesive sheet known as an interlayer. Such a combined LC film and glass laminate is known as a switchable window.
  • the present invention provides a switchable window that can be operated to switch between a transparent state to and an opaque state.
  • the switchable window comprises a coating layer dispersed between a first substrate and a second substrate to form the switchable window.
  • the present invention provides a switchable window comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a coating layer disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, said coating layer comprising a plurality of liquid crystal elements, at least one monomer and at least one oligomer, wherein the wt. % of said at least one oligomer is greater than the wt. % of said at least one monomer in said coating layer.
  • Applicants have created and developed a coating layer that exhibits excellent adhesive properties and provides for a switchable window that has substantially improved clarity when in the transparent state.
  • the coating layer also provides for an improved method of making switchable windows as the coating is amenable to coating methods such as roll coating and exhibits relatively quick cure times, which requires less energy and lowers the costs for processing.
  • the invention provides a method for making a switchable window comprised of applying a coating layer to a first substrate, comprising at least one monomer, at least one oligomer wherein the weight percentage of said at least one oligomer in said coating layer is greater than the weight percentage of said at least one monomer in said coating layer, liquid crystal, at least one spacer and may or may not include: at least one surfactant, at least one curing agent and/or at least one solvent; placing a second substrate on said first substrate with said coating layer being disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and curing the coating layer.
  • the present invention provides for a liquid crystal coating layer that has improved structural advantages of compatibility with lamination to glass, such as better adhesion, but may also have improved clarity and/or improved light transmission.
  • the present invention provides for a liquid crystal coating layer that may be cured in a relatively short time period and requires relatively low energy to effect curing as compared to prior liquid crystal coating layers. These features significantly reduce the cost of producing switchable windows.
  • the present invention provides for a coating layer that exhibits one or more of the above qualities and can be easily applied to substrates by such means as roll coating or other processes hereinafter stated. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a switchable window in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • a switchable window 10 comprising a coating layer 20 disposed between a first substrate 12 and a second substrate 14.
  • the first substrate 12 and second substrate 14 are transparent but they may also be translucent.
  • the coating layer 20 may be comprised of a matrix 22 with liquid crystals 24 dispersed therein.
  • the first substrate 12 and second substrate 14 may be coated by conductive layers 16, 18 which are in contact with the coating layer 20.
  • the coating layer 20 may be applied by such means as roll coating.
  • the combination of the coating layer 20 between the first substrate 12 and second substrate 14 allows the switchable window 10 to be switched between a light transmissive state and a substantially opaque state depending on whether an electrical current is applied to the device or not.
  • the term "coating layer” be used interchangeably in referring to the coating layer in either the cured or the uncured state.
  • the matrix 22 may be a fluid or pre-polymer solution comprising constituent components that, when subjected to curing, such as, for example, by exposure to UV radiation, form an adhesive coating composition.
  • the matrix 22 may be referred to as a polymer matrix as it contains a polymer network formed by the reaction of the constituent components.
  • the coating layer 20 may also be referred to as an adhesive electro -optical coating layer.
  • the coating layer 20 Prior to curing, the coating layer 20 comprises a composition comprising liquid crystal elements, at least one monomer, and at least one oligomer.
  • the oligomer is present in a concentration greater than the concentration of the monomer. Applicants have found that by providing the oligomer in a greater concentration then the monomer, a coating layer 20 may be provided having particularly desirable properties for use in a switchable window.
  • Suitable monomers for use in the coating layer include, but are not limited to, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylic acids and ionic salts thereof, methacrylic acids and ionic salts of the acids, or combinations of two or more thereof.
  • the coating layer comprises one or more monomers having good dielectric properties and/or that are polymerizable at relatively low energy.
  • methacrylates suitable as the monomer component in the coating layer 20, whether as the sole monomer or as a co-monomer include, but are not limited to, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, 2- ethylhexyl methacrylate, butylethyl methacrylate, butoxyethyl methacrylate, 2- cyanoethyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, ethylbenzyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-decyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2- hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
  • acrylates suitable as the monomer component in the coating layer 20, whether as the sole monomer or as a co-monomer include, but are not limited to, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexanolacrylate, butylethyl acrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate, 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 2- hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, N,N- diethylaminoethyl acrylate, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, tetahydrofurfuryl acrylate,
  • acrylic acids or salts of acrylic acids suitable as the monomer components in the coating layer 20, whether as the sole monomer or as a co- monomer, include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, salts of acrylic acids, salts of methacrylic acids, or combinations of two or more thereof.
  • salts of acrylic and methacrylic acids include but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, barium, and the like, or combinations of two or more thereof.
  • the coating layer 20 comprises acrylic acid, which exhibits good electroconductivity once polymerized.
  • acrylic acid is clear and colorless.
  • oligomers suitable for use in the present invention in the coating layer 20 include multi-functional acrylates and multi-functional methacrylates.
  • the oligomer is chosen from an acrylated urethane oligomer, a methacrylated urethane oligomer, acrylated or methacrylated urethane oligomers containing polyester or polyether backbones, or combinations of two or more thereof.
  • suitable acrylated urethane oligomers include, but are not limited to, aliphatic polyether urethane acrylates, diacrylates, and polyacrylates, aliphatic and polyester urethane acrylates, diacrylates, and polyacrylates.
  • Suitable methacrylated urethane oligomers include, but are not limited to, polyether urethane methacrylates, dimethacrylates and polymethacrylates, and polyester urethane methacrylates, dimethacrylates, and polymethacrylates.
  • suitable commercially available oligomers include those available from Sartomer USA, LLC such as Sartomer®CN1963, Sartomer®CD400, Sartomer® SR454, Sartomer®CN966H90, and Sartomer®SB520M35.
  • methacrylates suitable as the oligomer component for use in the coating layer 20, whether as the sole oligomer or as a co-oligomer include, but are not limited to, urethane methacrylate; ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol dimethacrylate, dicyclopentanyl dimethacrylate, glycerol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentylglycol dimethacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, bisphenol-A dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate,
  • acrylates suitable as the oligomer component include, but are not limited to urethane acrylate, aliphatic polyester urethane diacrylate oligomer blended with 2(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acrylate, diethyl eneglycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol diacrylate, dicyclopentanyl diacrylate, glycerol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentylglycol diacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, tripropyleneglycoldiacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate
  • the coating layer comprises a methacrylate oligomer.
  • a methacrylate oligomer such as a urethane methacrylate oligomer, provides a coating layer 20 that exhibits relatively quick cure times and provides a polymer matrix having excellent adhesion, hardness, weatherability, as well as imparting excellent impact strength to the finished switchable window.
  • the oligomer is present in an amount greater than that of the monomer. Applicants have found that a coating layer 20 having a larger amount of oligomer than monomer provides a polymer matrix with excellent properties such as excellent adhesion.
  • the coating layer 20 may comprise from about 8 wt. % to about 35 wt. % of oligomer.
  • the coating layer 20 comprises from about 10 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of oligomer.
  • the coating layer 20 comprises from about 12 wt. % to about 16 wt. % of oligomer.
  • the coating layer 20 comprises less than about 10 wt. % of monomer.
  • the coating layer 20 comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of monomer. In another embodiment, the coating composition comprises from about 2 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of monomer. As used herein, the wt. % refers to the total weight of the coating layer 20 before curing.
  • the ratio of wt. % of oligomer in the coating layer 20 to wt. % of monomer in the coating layer 20 is from about 1.1 :1 to about 300: 1. In another embodiment, the ratio of wt. % of oligomer to wt. % of monomer is from approximately 1.25: 1 to about 7: 1. In another embodiment, the ratio of wt. % of oligomer to wt. % of monomer is from approximately 1.5: 1 to about 5: 1. In another embodiment the ratio of wt. % of oligomer to wt.
  • % of monomer is from approximately 2 : 1 to about 4: 1. In another embodiment the ratio of wt. % of oligomer to wt. % of monomer is from approximately 2.25: 1 to about 3: 1. In another embodiment the ratio of wt. %of oligomer to wt. % of monomer is from approximately 2.4: 1 to about 2.75: 1.
  • the liquid crystal elements 24 may be selected as desired for a particular purpose or intended use.
  • suitable liquid crystal materials include, but are not limited to, nematic liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, blue liquid crystal, discotic liquid crystal, lyotropic liquid crystal, or metallotropic liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal material may be chosen based on the refractive index.
  • the liquid crystals employed may have a refractive index substantially similar to the refractive index of the matrix 22 in the coating layer 20 when the coating layer 20 is cured.
  • the refractive index of the selected liquid crystal may range from about 1.400 to about 1.650.
  • the selected liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal with a refractive index of approximately 1.520.
  • the liquid crystal 24 may be present in the coating layer 20 in an amount of about 55 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of the coating layer 20. In another embodiment, the liquid crystal 24 may be present in the coating layer 20 in an amount of about 60 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of the coating layer 20.
  • the matrix 22 may include other components that may be suitable for forming the coating layer 20 and polymer matrix. Such components may include a surfactant, a solvent, a curing agent, a spacer 26, and the like.
  • the coating layer may include a surfactant.
  • the surfactant may provide the coating layer 20 with good wetting characteristics desirable for the coating process. Applicants have also found that the addition of a surfactant may help to avoid the formation of pin holes in the cured coating layer.
  • the amount of surfactant present in the coating layer 20 can range from about 0 wt. % to about 3 wt. %.
  • Examples of surfactants for use in the present invention in the coating layer 20 are, but not limited to, fluorosurfactants, silicone surfactants, ionic surfactants, and non-ionic surfactants, combinations thereof, and the like.
  • the coating layer may further comprise a solvent.
  • the solvent present may range from about 0 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
  • suitable solvents in the coating layer 20 include, but are not limited to, ethyl alcohol, denatured ethyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol denatured with ethyl acetate and methyl isobutyl acetone, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, butyl acetate.
  • Applicants have found that the inclusion of a solvent may provide a coating layer 20 that exhibits a relatively low viscosity, which may allow for more uniform dispersion of the liquid crystals or spacer elements, and may be beneficial for various coating methods such as, for example, reverse roll coating.
  • the coating layer may further comprise a curing agent.
  • the curing agent present in the coating layer 20 can range from about 0.01 wt. % to about 3 wt. %.
  • the curing agent may act as a photoinitiator.
  • suitable curing agents include, but are not limited to, 1-Hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone; benzophenone; Camphorquinone; (1-hydroxycyclohexyl) phenyl ketone; l-[4-(2-hydroxyethyoxy)- phenyl] -2 -hyrdoxy-2 -methyl- 1 -propane- 1 ; 3,4-dimethylbenzophenone; 2,2, diethyloxyacetophenone; (4,bromophenyl) diphenyl sulfonium triflate; a mixture of 5zXl,2,2,6,6-pentamethly-4-piperidinyl)-sebacate and l-
  • the coating layer 20 may also exhibit other properties desirable for a switchable window 10.
  • the coating layer 20 may be resistant to yellowing, have relatively strong adhesive qualities, have good electrical conductivity, require low amounts of energy to effect curing, and good durability.
  • the coating layer 20 exhibits properties that are particularly suitable for a switchable window device.
  • the coating layer 20 exhibits a viscosity particularly suitable for various coating methods, including roll coating.
  • the coating layer 20, prior to curing has a viscosity that can range from about 30 cps to about 70 cps.
  • the coating layer 20, prior to curing has a viscosity that can range from about 35 cps to about 50 cps.
  • the coating layer 20, prior to curing has a viscosity of about 40 cps.
  • the coating layer 20 may also include spacer elements 26.
  • the amount of spacer elements 26 present in the coating layer 20 can range from about 3 wt. % to about 15 wt. %.
  • suitable spacer materials include, but are not limited to, soda lime glass spheres, glass spheres, and any other spacer material as may be suitable for a particular purpose or intended use.
  • the selected spacers 26 may have a refractive index similar to the refractive index of the liquid crystals 24 and/or materials in the coating layer 20.
  • the selected spacer is a soda lime glass sphere with a refractive index of approximately 1.400 to about 1.600.
  • the size of the spacers may be selected as desired to suit a particular purpose or need.
  • the spacers may have a size ranging from about 5 ⁇ to about 50 ⁇ . In another embodiment, the spacers may have a uniformity ranging from approximately 85% to 98%, but may have any uniformity as desired. [0036]
  • the thickness of the coating layer 20 is not particularly limited and may be chosen as desired provided that the thickness provides suitable properties such as optical clarity and the like. The thickness of the coating layer 20 may be controlled by the size of the spacers 26 in the coating layer 20. In one embodiment, the coating layer may have a thickness in the range of about 8 ⁇ to about 40 ⁇ .
  • the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 14 may also be referred to as electrically conductive substrates, and may be selected from any desirable material. Suitable materials for the substrate include, for example, glass, a polymer substrate film, and the like. For substrate materials that are generally non-conductive, e.g. glass, the substrate may be made conductive by application of an electrically conductive coating layer thereto. For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the first substrate 12 may have a conductive electrode coating 16 on the side facing the coating layer 20 and the second substrate 14 may have a conductive electrode coating 18 on the side facing the coating layer 20 to facilitate applying an electric field across the coating layer 20. Examples of suitable conductive coatings include, but are not limited to, indium tin oxide, tin oxide, inherently conductive polymers, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes, combinations of two or more thereof, and the like.
  • the coating layer 20 may be provided as an uncured composition comprising a mixture of at least one oligomer, at least one monomer, at least one surfactant, at least one solvent, and at least one curing agent.
  • at least one spacer 26 may be added to the coating layer 20.
  • the spacers 26 may be dispersed throughout the coating layer 20.
  • At least one liquid crystal 24 may be added to the coating layer 20, which may or may not include a spacer element.
  • the liquid crystals 24 may be dispersed throughout the coating layer 20.
  • the coating layer is generally provided as a fluid formulation.
  • a method of forming a switchable window 10 comprises applying a coating layer 20 to a surface of a first substrate 12 and then placing a second substrate 14 on top of the coating layer 20 and the first substrate 12, with the coating layer 20 lying in between the first substrate 12 and the second substrate 14.
  • the coating layer 20 may be applied to a substrate by any suitable method, including, but not limited to, roll coating, reverse roll coating, curtain coating, spray coating, air knife coating, immersion coating, slot die coating, metering rod coating, gravure coating, and applied in any other fashion already known to one skilled in the art.
  • the first substrate 12 has a conductive electrode coating 16, and coating layer 20 is applied over the conductive electrode coating 16.
  • the coating layer 20 may then be cured by subjecting the entire apparatus to radiation to form a switchable window 10. Upon curing, the monomer and oligomer components react to form a polymer matrix having the liquid crystals dispersed therein. While not being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that the cured coating layer contains some partially cured components and solvent within the polymer matrix, which imparts some flexibility to the coating layer.
  • the radiation used to cure the coating layer 20 may be UV radiation but the radiation may also be any other type of radiation known in the art.
  • the UV radiation may be applied for at least 0.1 minutes to about 600 minutes. In one embodiment, the UV radiation may be applied for less than 20 minutes. In another embodiment, the UV radiation may be applied for less than 10 minutes.
  • the UV radiation may be applied from about 1 minute to about 20 minutes. In another embodiment, the UV radiation may be applied from about 6 minute to about 10 minutes. In another embodiment, the radiation is applied for approximately 2 minutes.
  • the intensity of the UV radiation may be from about 5 Joules/cm 2 to about 5000 Joules/cm 2 . In one embodiment, the intensity of radiation applied was approximately 100 Joules/cm 2 to about 150 Joules/cm 2 . In one embodiment, the applied radiation may vary in intensity over the duration the radiation is applied to the coating layer 20.
  • the switchable window 10 may be operated to switch between a generally opaque state and a light transmissive state by applying or removing an electrical current to the switchable window 10.
  • an electrical current is applied to the switchable window 10 the liquid crystals 24 align in a fashion that is transmissive to visible light.
  • the liquid crystals 24 realign to a state that is less transmissive to visible light providing a window that is generally opaque and may have the appearance of being frosted.
  • UV radiation was applied to the formulations at the intensity of 100-150 Joules/cm 2 for approximately two minutes before physical characteristics of the formulation were evaluated.
  • soda lime glass spheres were added.
  • the soda lime spheres selected had two sizes, 20-27 ⁇ at 95% uniformity and 32-40 ⁇ at 95% uniformity. Both had a refractive index of 1.47.
  • Examples 13-14 also included the addition of a solvent, ethyl alcohol denatured with ethyl acetate and methyl isobutyl acetone ("Tecsol C Anhydrous").
  • EXAMPLE 7 A formulation containing 66% nematic liquid crystal, 16.5% hydroxyethyl methacrylate 16.5% aliphatic polyester urethane dimethacrylate (oligomer), and 1% 1 -Hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à une fenêtre pouvant être commutée qui comprend une couche de revêtement disposée entre un premier substrat et un second substrat, la couche de revêtement comprenant une pluralité de cristaux liquides, au moins un monomère et au moins un oligomère, le pourcentage en poids du ou des oligomères étant supérieur au pourcentage en poids du ou des monomères.
PCT/US2010/035394 2010-05-19 2010-05-19 Fenêtre optoélectronique pouvant être commutée WO2011146058A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2010/035394 WO2011146058A1 (fr) 2010-05-19 2010-05-19 Fenêtre optoélectronique pouvant être commutée

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2010/035394 WO2011146058A1 (fr) 2010-05-19 2010-05-19 Fenêtre optoélectronique pouvant être commutée

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WO2011146058A1 true WO2011146058A1 (fr) 2011-11-24

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PCT/US2010/035394 WO2011146058A1 (fr) 2010-05-19 2010-05-19 Fenêtre optoélectronique pouvant être commutée

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013175025A1 (fr) * 2012-05-21 2013-11-28 Spania Gta Tecnomotive, S.L Procédé d'obtention d'éléments transparents courbés avec un système d'opacité variable intégré et produit ainsi obtenu
KR101795063B1 (ko) 2011-12-14 2017-11-08 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 올리고머를 이용한 액정 복합막용 프리폴리머 조성물 및 이에 의해 형성된 고분자 분산형 액정 복합막
TWI712834B (zh) * 2014-02-06 2020-12-11 德商馬克專利公司 用於調節光穿透之元件、其用途與其製造方法

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5327271A (en) * 1990-08-17 1994-07-05 Dainippon Ink And Chemical, Inc. Liquid crystal device employing polymer network on one substrate and alignment layer or polymer network on other substrate
US5641426A (en) * 1994-04-29 1997-06-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Light modulating device having a vinyl ether-based matrix
US7141279B2 (en) * 2002-11-25 2006-11-28 Sipix Imaging, Inc. Transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display and novel process for its manufacture
US20080108727A1 (en) * 2006-11-08 2008-05-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Pre-polymer formulations for liquid crystal displays
US20080316395A1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-25 Vlyte Innovations Limited Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal structures
US20090058295A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2009-03-05 Saint-Gobain Glass France Flat coplanar-discharge lamp and uses of same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5327271A (en) * 1990-08-17 1994-07-05 Dainippon Ink And Chemical, Inc. Liquid crystal device employing polymer network on one substrate and alignment layer or polymer network on other substrate
US5641426A (en) * 1994-04-29 1997-06-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Light modulating device having a vinyl ether-based matrix
US7141279B2 (en) * 2002-11-25 2006-11-28 Sipix Imaging, Inc. Transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display and novel process for its manufacture
US20090058295A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2009-03-05 Saint-Gobain Glass France Flat coplanar-discharge lamp and uses of same
US20080108727A1 (en) * 2006-11-08 2008-05-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Pre-polymer formulations for liquid crystal displays
US20080316395A1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-25 Vlyte Innovations Limited Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal structures

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101795063B1 (ko) 2011-12-14 2017-11-08 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 올리고머를 이용한 액정 복합막용 프리폴리머 조성물 및 이에 의해 형성된 고분자 분산형 액정 복합막
WO2013175025A1 (fr) * 2012-05-21 2013-11-28 Spania Gta Tecnomotive, S.L Procédé d'obtention d'éléments transparents courbés avec un système d'opacité variable intégré et produit ainsi obtenu
TWI712834B (zh) * 2014-02-06 2020-12-11 德商馬克專利公司 用於調節光穿透之元件、其用途與其製造方法

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