CN111897157B - 一种智能调光汽车膜 - Google Patents

一种智能调光汽车膜 Download PDF

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CN111897157B
CN111897157B CN202010519066.7A CN202010519066A CN111897157B CN 111897157 B CN111897157 B CN 111897157B CN 202010519066 A CN202010519066 A CN 202010519066A CN 111897157 B CN111897157 B CN 111897157B
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殷磊
谢喜明
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Hunan Haozhi Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开的一种智能调光汽车膜，涉及智能调光汽车膜制备技术领域；自外至内依次包括宽视角光学膜层、无色或带色PET导电膜层、聚合物分散液晶层、无色或带色PET导电膜层、安装胶粘剂膜层和PET离型膜层。具有安全性好、可在安全电压下使用等特点，可用于各种类型汽车的两侧车窗和天窗使用。

Description

一种智能调光汽车膜
技术领域
本发明涉及智能调光汽车膜制备技术领域，特别是一种宽视角、不影响汽车左右后视镜视线清晰、可在安全电压下使用的智能调光汽车膜。
背景技术
智能调光膜是一种可调节光线通过状态的膜，它主要工作在散射态和透明态之间，膜本身可在透明与非透明状态(视觉效果接近磨砂玻璃)之间变换，透明度由电压调节。但是智能调光膜一般应用于现代建筑玻璃幕墙、窗户玻璃、建筑内部隔断等领域。随着汽车市场的日益快速发展，功能膜的生产越来越多样化、多元化。将智能调光膜技术应用于汽车膜，可以通过开关控制整个汽车玻璃的透明与雾化状态，达到控制光线的目的。与普通汽车膜，车用布帘相比，它不仅能科学智能的阻挡强光照射，保护个人私密空间,而且具有绝佳的隔热、隔音效果。夏天切换不透明的状态，反射阳光热量，降低车内的温度；而在冬天车内寒冷时，透光天窗又能增加车内的温度。
但是传统的智能调光膜，由于聚合物分散液晶层的存在，清晰观测的角度有一定限制，特别是汽车左右后视镜的视线清晰，对于安全行驶非常重要；并且传统的聚合物分散液晶层都是反应型的UV胶与液晶混合，无惰性成分的存在，工作电压一般在48-75V，处于安全电压(36V)之上，对于可轻易徒手触碰到汽车膜的乘客，存在一定的安全隐患。
中国发明专利申请(专利申请号为201110052455.4)公开的“一种近晶相液晶调光片及其制作方法”，该调光片包括两个本体层，两个本体层中间设有近晶相液晶调光膜层；近晶相液晶调光膜层包括两个导电电极层，两个导电电极层中间设有混合层；各个本体层的内侧面分别与相对应的导电电极层的外侧面通过一个粘合剂层相粘接。导电电极层与粘合剂层之间可设有基体层。该制作方法包括：清洗干燥基体层；制作导电电极层；制作混合层；铺设粘合剂层、本体层而得到调光片初始层叠结构；加压、加热、冷却而得到调光片。
另一中国发明专利申请(专利申请号为201811185857.X)公开的“一种汽车调光玻璃及其制备方法”，其中，汽车调光玻璃的制备方法包括以下步骤：将石墨纳米颗粒、向列相液晶材料、可聚合单体和引发剂混合并搅拌均匀形成一混合物，混合物包括质量百分比分别为18％-95％的向列相液晶材料、3％-80％的可聚合单体、1％-20％的石墨纳米颗粒及1％-9.5％的引发剂；提供导电层，导电层包括透明有机膜和溅镀于透明有机膜上的透明氧化铟锡；将制备好的混合物均匀喷涂或刻蚀于导电层的侧面，在紫外光和50KHz电场作用下固化形成液晶调光膜；将二玻璃层分别粘合于喷涂或刻蚀有液晶调光膜的导电层两侧，辊压定型，进行封边处理。
还有中国发明专利申请(专利申请号为201811190911.X)公开的“一种汽车调光玻璃及其制备方法”，其中，制备方法包括步骤：制备导电层，透明有机膜在小于103Pa环境下与通入的碳源在大于600℃温度下化学气相沉积制备石墨烯层；制备调光膜，将石墨纳米颗粒、近晶相液晶材料、可聚合单体和引发剂混合并搅拌均匀，喷涂或刻蚀于导电层中石墨烯层一侧，在温度20℃-70℃条件下，利用400nm的紫外光辐射10min-30min固化形成调光膜；提供第一导电层和固化有调光膜的第二导电层，将第一导电层粘合或压合于第二导电层；提供二玻璃层，将二玻璃层分别粘合或压合于第一导电层和第二导电层相背的一侧侧面并进行封边处理。
还有中国发明专利申请(专利申请号为201810011147.9)公开的“一种具有多响应性的多功能液晶调光膜、透光件及其制备方法”，所述调光膜包括一复合材料层，该复合材料层包括第一粒子、基体和液晶分子，并且复合材料层的厚度为5um-30um；所述第一粒子具备相变温度，并在相变前后对于1000-1500nm的光吸收率不同；所述液晶分子具备相变温度，并且在相变前后对于400-1000nm的光吸收率不同；所述液晶分子在相变温度下，不施加外加电场时对于400-1000nm的光吸收率为0.1-5％，并且在移除外加电场时对于400-1000nm的光透过率为50～80％。
还有中国发明专利申请(专利申请号为201910329108.8)公开的“一种液晶调光膜的制备方法”，包括以下步骤：首先准备单体甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、液晶、光稳定剂和二氧化钒粒子等材料，然后进行聚合物分散液的制备，接着在导电膜层上涂覆聚合物分散液，最后进行紫外光固化定型，紫外光固化定型完成后即得到液晶调光膜。
还有中国发明专利申请(专利申请号为201910403176.4)公开的“一种低驱动电压的电控液晶调光膜”，具体技术方案为：一种电控液晶调光膜，按质量分数，配方包括：25.0％～60.0％的液晶材料，1.0％～10.0％的液晶性紫外光可聚合单体，质量为液晶性紫外光可聚合单体和液晶材料总质量的0.1％～5.0％的引发剂，20.0％～30.0％的环氧单体，20.0％～30.0％的环氧固化剂，质量为环氧单体和环氧固化剂总质量的1.0％～10.0％的热固化促进剂，0.1％～5.0％的间隔粒子。
还有中国实用新型专利(专利申请号为201820786140.X)公开的“一种新型汽车调光膜”，包括防水型液晶膜，所述防水型液晶膜的上表面由下至上依次层叠设置有第一导电层、胶黏层、防紫外线薄膜、水溶性胶层、离型膜和第一保护膜，所述防水型液晶膜的下表面由上至下依次层叠设置有第二导电层、UV硬化层、第二保护膜和自粘层。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种安全性好、可在安全电压下使用的调光汽车膜。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明所采取的技术方案是发明一种智能调光汽车膜：自外至内依次包括宽视角光学膜层、无色或带色PET导电膜层、聚合物分散液晶层、无色或带色PET导电膜层、安装胶粘剂膜层和PET离型膜层。
所述宽视角光学膜层为WV光学补偿膜、偏光片膜、防反射膜、防眩光膜中的至少一种。
所述无色PET导电膜层是由PET聚酯(可采用高强度、高透明的PET聚酯，也可采用普通的PET聚酯)熔融挤出、双向拉伸后的成品膜再通过真空蒸镀或真空磁控溅射ITO氧化铟锡所得。
所述带色PET导电膜层是由PET聚酯(可采用高强度、高透明的PET聚酯，也可采用普通的PET聚酯)与颜料熔融挤出、双向拉伸后的成品膜再通过真空蒸镀或真空磁控溅射ITO氧化铟锡所得。
所述聚合物分散液晶层是由以下质量百分比的组份制备而成：UV光固化化合物27-70％、液晶27-70％、光引发剂0.5-2％、聚烯烃及烷烃类惰性成分0.5-2％、间隔物塑胶球0.1-0.5％。
所述UV光固化化合物为UV光固化预聚物、UV光固化单体、UV光学胶粘剂中的一种或多种制备而成，当为两种以上时，各组份的配比为任意比例。
所述UV光固化预聚物为聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯化丙烯酸酯、聚醚和聚酯丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种制备而成，当为两种以上时，各组份的配比为任意比例。
所述UV光固化单体为2-苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、乙氧化苯氧基丙烯酸酯、邻苯基苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、2-(对-异丙苯基-苯氧基)-乙基丙烯酸酯、乙氧基乙氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯、四氢化糠基丙烯酸酯、硬脂酸丙烯酸酯、异癸基丙烯酸酯、2-苯氧基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、异十三烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、异冰片基丙烯酸酯、芐基丙烯酸酯、双环戊烯基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、3-羟-2,2-二甲基丙基-3-羟-2-二甲基丙酯二丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(200)二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(400)二丙烯酸酯、乙氧化双酚A二丙烯酸酯、2-羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯磷酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、2莫尔己内酯改质双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、6莫尔己内酯改质双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种制备而成，当为两种以上时，各组份的配比为任意比例。
所述UV光学胶粘剂为市售的Norland Optical Adhesive 60、Norland OpticalAdhesive 61、Norland Optical Adhesive 63、Norland Optical Adhesive 68、NorlandOptical Adhesive 71、Norland Optical Adhesive 81、Norland Optical Adhesive 86、Norland Optical Adhesive 87、Norland Optical Adhesive 88、Norland OpticalAdhesive 1625中的一种或多种制备而成，当为两种以上时，各组份的配比为任意比例。
所述液晶为向列相混合液晶、近晶相混合液晶、胆甾相混合液晶中的一种或多种制备而成，当为两种以上时，各组份的配比为等质量份。
所述光引发剂为1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、2-甲基-1-(4-甲硫基苯基)-2-吗啉-1-丙酮、双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦、苯甲酰甲酸甲酯、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基膦酸乙酯、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-1-丙酮、α-羟烷基苯酮中的一种或多种制备而成，当为两种以上时，各组份的配比为任意比例。
所述聚烯烃及烷烃类惰性成分为聚癸烯、聚十二烯、癸烷、十三烷、角鲨烷中的一种或多种制备而成，当为两种以上时，各组份的配比为任意比例。
所述间隔物塑胶球的粒径尺寸在5μm到30μm之间。
所述安装胶粘剂膜层为丙烯酸酯胶粘剂、环氧树脂胶粘剂、有机硅胶粘剂中的一种或多种制备而成，当为两种以上时，各组份的配比为任意比例。
本发明的智能调光汽车膜，其表层采用了宽视角光学膜层，不影响汽车左、右后视镜视线的清晰，因而，其安全性较好；同时，聚合物分散液晶层中加入了聚烯烃及烷烃类惰性成分，降低了UV聚合物对于液晶偏转的阻碍作用，使得其工作电压显著降低到安全电压之下。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例，对本发明作进一步的说明。下面的说明是采用例举的方式，但本发明的保护范围不应局限于此。
实施例1：
本实施例的智能调光汽车膜，其制备及应用过程如下：
㈠、聚合物分散液晶层配料：
先按照下表配方，选取配制聚合物分散液晶层所需的原料：
组分(a) 16份CN965 NS[聚氨酯丙烯酸酯，沙多玛(广州)化学有限公司]
组分(b) 12.5份乙氧化苯氧基丙烯酸酯
组分(c) 12.5份乙氧基乙氧基乙基丙烯酸酯
组分(d) 1份乙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯
组分(e) 0.3份Norland Optical Adhesive 63
组分(f) 56份向列相混合液晶
组分(g) 0.5份1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮
组分(h) 0.9份十三烷
组分(i) 0.3份20μm的间隔物塑胶球
上表中所有份数是质量份，为基于100质量份的聚合物分散液晶层组合物。
㈡、调光膜制备:
①、智能调光薄膜制备：
将上述聚合物分散液晶层组合物混合均匀后，涂布于带色PET导电膜层与无色PET导电膜层之间，用紫外光照射10分钟，光强为100mW/c㎡，固化完成后，即得智能调光薄膜。
②、智能调光汽车膜制备：
自上而下依次将WV光学补偿膜、智能调光薄膜、丙烯酸酯压敏胶型的安装胶粘剂膜、PET离型膜贴合在一起，即为智能调光汽车膜。
㈢、应用：
将上述制备的智能调光汽车膜，通过裁剪，粘贴于普通轿车的驾驶室侧车窗玻璃的内侧，将带色PET导电膜层与无色PET导电膜层和36V的车窗控制电源的正负极连接即可。
使用时，开启车窗控制电源，在36V的安全电压作用下，智能调光汽车膜中的聚合物分散液晶层呈现透明状态，此时，汽车的左、右视镜的视线清晰。
实施例2：
本实施例的智能调光汽车膜，其制备及应用过程如下：
㈠、聚合物分散液晶层配料：
先按照下表配方，选取配制聚合物分散液晶层所需的原料：
组分(a) 16份CN750(聚酯丙烯酸酯，沙多玛(广州)化学有限公司)
组分(b) 15.5份四氢化糠基丙烯酸酯
组分(c) 10.5份丙烯酸羟乙酯
组分(d) 1.2份新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯
组分(e) 0.3份Norland Optical Adhesive 71
组分(f) 55份向列相混合液晶
组分(g) 0.5份1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮
组分(h) 0.7份角鲨烷
组分(i) 0.3份12μm的间隔物塑胶球
上表中所有份数是质量份，为基于100质量份的聚合物分散液晶层组合物。
㈡、调光膜制备:
①、智能调光薄膜制备：
将上述聚合物分散液晶层组合物混合均匀后，涂布于带色PET导电膜层与带色PET导电膜层之间，用紫外光照射10分钟，光强为100mW/c㎡，固化完成后，即得智能调光薄膜。
②、智能调光汽车膜制备：
自上而下依次将偏光片膜、智能调光薄膜、丙烯酸酯压敏胶型的安装胶粘剂膜、PET离型膜贴合在一起，即为智能调光汽车膜。
㈢、应用：
将上述制备的智能调光汽车膜，通过裁剪，粘贴于普通轿车的驾驶室侧车窗玻璃的内侧，将两层带色PET导电膜层和36V的车窗控制电源的正负极连接即可。
使用时，开启车窗控制电源，在36V的安全电压作用下，智能调光汽车膜中的聚合物分散液晶层呈现透明状态，此时，汽车的左、右视镜的视线清晰。
实施例3：
本实施例的智能调光汽车膜，其制备及应用过程如下：
㈠、聚合物分散液晶层配料：
先按照下表配方，选取配制聚合物分散液晶层所需的原料：
组分(a) 14份CN996 NS(聚氨酯丙烯酸酯，沙多玛(广州)化学有限公司)
组分(b) 14份异冰片基丙烯酸酯
组分(c) 10份环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯
组分(d) 2份季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯
组分(e) 0.5份Norland Optical Adhesive 81
组分(f) 58份向列相混合液晶
组分(g) 0.5份α-羟烷基苯酮
组分(h) 0.7份癸烷
组分(i) 0.3份15μm的间隔物塑胶球
上表中所有份数是质量份，为基于100质量份的聚合物分散液晶层组合物。
㈡、调光膜制备:
①、智能调光薄膜制备：
将上述聚合物分散液晶层组合物混合均匀后，涂布于无色PET导电膜层与无色PET导电膜层之间，用紫外光照射10分钟，光强为100mW/c㎡，固化完成后，即得智能调光薄膜。
②、智能调光汽车膜制备：
自上而下依次将WV光学补偿膜、智能调光薄膜、丙烯酸酯压敏胶型的安装胶粘剂膜、PET离型膜贴合在一起，即为智能调光汽车膜。
㈢、应用：
将上述制备的智能调光汽车膜，通过裁剪，粘贴于普通轿车的驾驶室侧车窗玻璃的内侧，两层无色PET导电膜层和36V的车窗控制电源的正负极连接即可。
使用时，开启车窗控制电源，在36V的安全电压作用下，智能调光汽车膜中的聚合物分散液晶层呈现透明状态，可见光透过率超过50％。此时，汽车的左、右视镜的视线清晰。
本发明的智能调光汽车膜，可用于各种类型汽车的两侧车窗和天窗使用。

Claims (12)

1.一种智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：自外至内依次包括宽视角光学膜层、无色或带色PET导电膜层、聚合物分散液晶层、无色或带色PET导电膜层、安装胶粘剂膜层和PET离型膜层；
所述宽视角光学膜层为WV光学补偿膜、偏光片膜中的至少一种；
所述聚合物分散液晶层是由以下质量百分比的组份制备而成：UV光固化化合物27-70％、液晶27-70％、光引发剂0.5-2％、聚烯烃及烷烃类惰性成分0.5-2％、间隔物塑胶球0.1-0.5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述无色PET导电膜层是由PET聚酯熔融挤出、双向拉伸后的成品膜再通过真空蒸镀或真空磁控溅射ITO氧化铟锡所得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述带色PET导电膜层是由PET聚酯与颜料熔融挤出、双向拉伸后的成品膜再通过真空蒸镀或真空磁控溅射ITO氧化铟锡所得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述UV光固化化合物为UV光固化预聚物、UV光固化单体、UV光学胶粘剂中的一种或多种制备而成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述UV光固化预聚物为聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯化丙烯酸酯、聚醚和聚酯丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种制备而成。
6.根据权利要求4所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述UV光固化单体为2-苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、乙氧化苯氧基丙烯酸酯、邻苯基苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、2-(对-异丙苯基-苯氧基)-乙基丙烯酸酯、乙氧基乙氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯、四氢化糠基丙烯酸酯、硬脂酸丙烯酸酯、异癸基丙烯酸酯、2-苯氧基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、异十三烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、异冰片基丙烯酸酯、芐基丙烯酸酯、双环戊烯基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、3-羟-2,2-二甲基丙基-3-羟-2-二甲基丙酯二丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(200)二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(400)二丙烯酸酯、乙氧化双酚A二丙烯酸酯、2-羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯磷酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、2莫尔己内酯改质双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、6莫尔己内酯改质双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种制备而成。
7.根据权利要求4所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述UV光学胶粘剂为市售的Norland Optical Adhesive 60、Norland Optical Adhesive 61、Norland OpticalAdhesive 63、Norland Optical Adhesive 68、Norland Optical Adhesive 71、NorlandOptical Adhesive 81、Norland Optical Adhesive 86、Norland Optical Adhesive 87、Norland Optical Adhesive 88、Norland Optical Adhesive 1625中的一种或多种制备而成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述液晶为向列相混合液晶、近晶相混合液晶、胆甾相混合液晶中的一种或多种制备而成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述光引发剂为1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、2-甲基-1-(4-甲硫基苯基)-2-吗啉-1-丙酮、双(2，4，6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦、苯甲酰甲酸甲酯、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基膦酸乙酯、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-1-丙酮、α-羟烷基苯酮中的一种或多种制备而成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述聚烯烃及烷烃类惰性成分为聚癸烯、聚十二烯、癸烷、十三烷、角鲨烷中的一种或多种制备而成。
11.根据权利要求1所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述间隔物塑胶球的粒径尺寸在5μm到30μm之间。
12.根据权利要求1所述的智能调光汽车膜，其特征在于：所述安装胶粘剂膜层为丙烯酸酯胶粘剂、环氧树脂胶粘剂、有机硅胶粘剂中的一种或多种制备而成。
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