WO2011145340A1 - 非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎の予防及び/又は治療剤 - Google Patents
非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎の予防及び/又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
- Metabolic syndrome (visceral fat syndrome) has attracted attention as a concept of so-called lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
- Metabolic syndrome is defined as a condition that includes at least two of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and lipid abnormalities in addition to visceral fat obesity, and promotes arteriosclerosis, increasing the risk of developing myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, etc. It is supposed to be.
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a fatty liver disorder that does not depend on alcohol consumption or obvious causes (virus, autoimmunity, etc.). Although it is recognized as a phenotype in the liver of the syndrome, various other etiologies that impair fat metabolism and mitochondrial metabolism have been reported.
- NAFLD nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Non-patent Document 2 As a generation mechanism of NASH, “two hit theory” by Day et al. Is widely known (Non-patent Document 2). That is, the formation process (1st hit) of fatty liver involves imbalance in calorie intake / consumption balance and lipid retention in hepatocytes due to metabolic abnormalities based on insulin resistance. In order for fatty liver to proceed to NASH, as a second hit, an increase in oxidative stress based on energy metabolic load and the accompanying activation of the innate immune system play an important role. Further, TNF- ⁇ , which is a typical inflammatory cytokine, is known as a compound that worsens the pathology of NASH.
- TNF- ⁇ which is a typical inflammatory cytokine
- Insulin resistance improving drugs include thiazolidine derivatives (such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) that are ligands for the nuclear receptor PPAR ⁇ involved in the insulin sensitivity enhancing action, or biguanide drugs (such as metformin) that improve insulin resistance.
- vitamin E is used as a therapeutic agent alone or in combination with vitamin C.
- fibrates such as PPAR ⁇ agonists (fenofibrate and besafibrate, etc.), statin preparations, probucol and the like, and as an antihypertensive agent, angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist ( ARB) is expected as a therapeutic agent.
- fibrate drugs and statin drugs are also expected from the viewpoint of the anti-inflammatory action of these drugs.
- Patent Document 1 includes the following formula (1):
- ACAT acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase
- An ACAT inhibitor an intracellular cholesterol transport inhibitor
- a blood cholesterol lowering agent Can be used as an inhibitor of macrophage foaming, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, cervical and cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebrovascular disorder, ischemic heart disease, coronary sclerosis, nephrosclerosis, arteriosclerotic nephrosclerosis Diseases, arteriosclerotic nephrosclerosis, malignant nephrosclerosis, ischemic bowel disease, acute mesenteric vascular occlusion, chronic intestinal angina, ischemic colitis, aortic aneurysm, obstructive arteriosclerosis (ASO), etc. It is described that it is useful as a therapeutic agent.
- Patent Document 2 discloses the following formula (2):
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel preventive and therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis useful for the prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
- NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- the present invention relates to 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl.
- the present invention provides a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis containing acetamide or an acid addition salt thereof or a solvate thereof as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also relates to 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl.
- the present invention provides a cholesterol lowering agent in the liver comprising acetamide or an acid addition salt thereof or a solvate thereof as an active ingredient.
- the present invention relates to 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl. It is intended to provide a triglyceride lowering agent in the liver containing acetamide or an acid addition salt thereof or a solvate thereof as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also relates to 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl.
- the present invention provides an inhibitor of TNF- ⁇ expression in the liver, comprising acetamide or an acid addition salt thereof or a solvate thereof as an active ingredient.
- the present invention relates to 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl.
- the present invention provides an agent for reducing macrophages in the liver, comprising acetamide or an acid addition salt thereof, or a solvate thereof as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also provides a patient in need of 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl.
- the present invention provides a method for preventing and / or treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which comprises administering an effective amount of -3-pyridyl] acetamide or an acid addition salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.
- the present invention provides 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl]-for producing a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
- 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl]-for producing a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis The use of N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl] acetamide or an acid addition salt thereof, or a solvate thereof is provided.
- the present invention provides a novel preventive / therapeutic agent for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
- NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- the present invention acts directly on the liver without affecting plasma lipids, can specifically lower cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver, and remarkably suppress the expression of TNF- ⁇ in the liver
- the present invention provides a novel prophylactic / therapeutic agent for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can significantly reduce macrophages in the liver.
- FIG. 1 shows plasma total cholesterol (TC) (FIG. 1A) and plasma triglyceride (TG) (FIG. 1B) when Compound A of the present invention (3 mg / kg) was administered in Example 1, respectively.
- FIG. FIG. 2 shows the total cholesterol (TC) in the liver (FIG. 2A) and triglyceride (TG) in the liver (FIG. 2B) when the compound A of the present invention (3 mg / kg) was administered.
- FIG. FIG. 3 shows the gene expression level of inflammatory M1 macrophage marker (CD11c) in the liver when Compound A of the present invention (3 mg / kg) was administered in Example 1 (FIG. 3A), and inflammation in the liver. It is a figure which shows the gene expression level (FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows plasma ALT values of a group in which Compound A was administered to a normal mouse group, C57BL / 6N-NASH mice (control group), and C57BL / 6N-NASH mice.
- FIG. 5 shows the TC content in the livers of the normal mouse group, the C57BL / 6N-NASH mouse (control group), and the group in which Compound A was administered to the C57BL / 6N-NASH mouse.
- FIG. 6 shows the TG content in the livers of the group of normal mice, C57BL / 6N-NASH mice (control group), and C57BL / 6N-NASH mice administered with compound A.
- FIG. 4 shows plasma ALT values of a group in which Compound A was administered to a normal mouse group, C57BL / 6N-NASH mice (control group), and C57BL / 6N-NASH mice.
- FIG. 5 shows the TC content in the livers of the normal mouse group, the C57BL / 6N-NASH
- FIG. 7 shows the results of photographing the respective liver tissues (HE-stained) of the normal mouse group, the C57BL / 6N-NASH mouse (control group), and the C57BL / 6N-NASH mouse group administered with Compound A. .
- the original drawing is a color photograph.
- ⁇ indicates a fat droplet.
- Figure 8 illustrates a MCD diet KKA y mice control group, and plasma ALT value of group administered with compound A in MCD diet-fed KKA y mice.
- Figure 9 shows a liver TC content of group administered with compound A control group of MCD diet KKA y mice, and the MCD diet-fed KKA y mice.
- Figure 10 shows a liver TG content in group administered with compound A control group of MCD diet KKA y mice, and the MCD diet-fed KKA y mice.
- Figure 11 shows the control group of MCD diet KKA y mice, and MCD diet-fed KKA y mice Groups of liver tissue treated with compound A the results of photographed (HE staining). The original drawing is a color photograph.
- Figure 12 illustrates the control group of MCD diet KKA y mice, and MCD diet-fed KKA y mice Groups of liver tissue treated with compound A the results of photographed (Azan staining). The original drawing is a color photograph.
- the acid forming the acid addition salt of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable, but examples thereof include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid; And organic acids such as lactic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, methanesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- a preferred acid is an inorganic acid, and a more preferred acid is hydrochloric acid.
- solvate of the present invention examples include hydrates, alcohol solvates (for example, ethanol solvates) and the like.
- alcohol solvates for example, ethanol solvates
- a hydrate can be mentioned.
- the acid addition salt or solvate thereof is preferably, for example, 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis Mention may be made of the monohydrochloride of (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl] acetamide.
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH
- TC and TG in the liver increase, but also the expression level of inflammatory cytokine TNF- ⁇ in the liver increases (see Non-patent Document 3). It is known that the number of macrophages increases (see Non-Patent Document 4).
- the active ingredient of the present invention has been reported to have significantly decreased TC and TG in the liver at doses that do not significantly affect plasma TC and TG (see FIGS. 1 and 2). It shows that it is acting directly on the liver by an action different from the action that is present, and can be said to be based on the action that has been found for the first time by the present invention.
- 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl] acetamide or its Acid addition salts or solvates thereof are useful as preventive and / or therapeutic agents for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mammals including humans.
- the present invention relates to 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl] acetamide
- an acid addition salt thereof, or a solvate thereof as an active ingredient is used to prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mammals including humans and / or
- NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- the active ingredient of the present invention includes cholesterol lowering agents in livers of mammals including humans, triglyceride lowering agents in livers, TNF- ⁇ expression inhibitors in livers, It is also useful as a macrophage lowering agent in the liver.
- the medicament of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with other pharmaceutically acceptable solubilizers, excipients, binders, diluents, etc., tablets, capsules, granules, powders, lotions, ointments.
- the dosage form may be an agent, an injection, a suppository, or the like. These preparations can be produced by known methods.
- solubilizers such as gum tragacanth, gum arabic, sucrose ester, lecithin, olive oil, soybean oil, PEG400; excipients such as starch, mannitol, lactose; sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxy Combinations of binders such as propyl cellulose; disintegrating agents such as crystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose calcium; lubricants such as talc and magnesium stearate; fluidity improvers such as light anhydrous silicic acid; diluents such as corn starch It can be manufactured by prescribing.
- the medicament of the present invention is administered by oral administration or parenteral administration.
- the dose of the medicament of the present invention varies depending on the weight, age, sex, symptoms, etc. of the patient, but in the case of normal adults, 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazine-1- Yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl] acetamide is administered in an amount of 0.01 to 1000 mg, preferably 0.1 to 200 mg per day, in 1 to 3 divided doses. It is preferable to do this.
- Example 1 Action in LDL receptor knockout mouse NASH model Western diet-loaded LDL receptor knockout mice (Yoshimatsu M. et al., Known to develop inflammation of fatty liver and liver, which is a characteristic pathology of NASH). Int J Exp Pathol., 85 (6), 335-43 (2004)). In this test, 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3- Pyridyl] acetamide monohydrochloride (hereinafter referred to as Compound A) was used.
- Compound A 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3- Pyridyl] acetamide monohydrochloride
- mice Male LDL receptor knockout mice (B6.129S7-Ldlr ⁇ tm1Her> / J, Jackson Laboratories) were used in the experiments. From around 8 weeks of age, Teklad Custom Research Diet (Harlan Teklad, TD.88137) was ad libitum as a Western diet for 12 weeks to develop NASH.
- Group composition The group was divided into a control group (hydrochloric acid-purified water) and a compound A 3 mg / kg (as a free form) administration group so that there was no difference in body weight between the groups.
- Drug administration The administration volume was 10 mL / kg body weight, hydrochloric acid-purified water was administered to the control group, and each drug solution was orally administered to the compound A administration group once every morning and afternoon at intervals of 6 hours or more. Administration was started at the same time as Western diet was loaded from around 8 weeks of age, and the administration period was 12 weeks.
- mice were fasted overnight, blood was collected from the abdominal vena cava under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg / kg), and plasma was collected. After blood collection, the liver was collected and stored frozen. A part was cryopreserved in ISOGEN (Nippon Gene Co., Ltd.) for gene expression analysis. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in plasma were measured using Cholesterol E Test Wako and Triglyceride E Test Wako (both Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), respectively. The measurement of liver lipid was performed as follows.
- Chloroform methanol (2: 1) was added to the cryopreserved liver, homogenized, and allowed to stand overnight at 4 ° C., followed by filtration. A portion of the filtrate was collected and evaporated to dryness, then dissolved in isopropanol, and the TC and TG concentrations were measured using Cholesterol E Test Wako and Triglyceride E Test Wako, respectively. Liver gene expression analysis was performed by extracting RNA from the liver and measuring the expression of the TNF- ⁇ gene and the CD11c gene in the adhesion molecule belonging to the integrin family of macrophages by real-time RT-PCR. It was. RNA extraction was performed according to the instructions after homogenizing the liver in ISOGEN.
- RNA concentration was measured using a spectrophotometer (ND-1000, NanoDrop Technologies). mRNA was reverse-transcribed from total RNA using High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems) to synthesize cDNA. Gene expression analysis was performed by an intercalator method using SYBR green I or a method using Taqman Probe, and realtime RT-PCR was performed using a 7900HT Fast real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems). Using ⁇ -actin as an internal standard, correction with ⁇ -actin was performed, and the expression level of each gene was compared. The primer and probe sequences used are as shown below.
- ⁇ -actin forward (5'-AGCCATGTACGTAGCCATCCA-3 '), reverse (5'-TCACCGGAGTCCATCACAATG-3 '), probe (VIC5'-TGTCCCTGTATGCCTCTGGTCGTACCAC-3'TAMRA), CD11c: forward (5'-CTGGATAGCCTTTCTTCTGCTG-3 '), reverse (5'-GCACACTGTGTCCGAACTC-3 '), TNF- ⁇ : forward (5'-CATCTTCTCAAAATTCGAGTGACAA-3 '), reverse (5'-TGGGAGTAGACAAGGTACAACCC-3 ').
- Statistical processing was performed using the SAS preclinical package for Windows (registered trademark) (SAS Institute Japan).
- NASH-liver cancer model mouse (trade name C57BL / 6N-NASH mouse) was developed at the Research Institute of Steric Regenerative Medicine (see JP 2009-178143 A). This is a mouse sold by Charles River Co., Ltd. This model mouse develops NASH by inducing insulin resistance and loading with a high fat diet. The model mice also showed changes histologically reflecting human NASH pathology, from fatty liver (before 6 weeks of age) to NASH (7 weeks of age), cirrhosis (after 10 weeks of age), and liver cancer (16 weeks of age).
- mice This mouse was administered streptozotocin at 1-2 days of age and loaded with a high fat diet (D12492, Research Diet) from 4 weeks of age, but this mouse was purchased at 6 weeks of age and continued to be the same high The mice were reared on a fat diet (hereinafter, this mouse is referred to as C57BL / 6N-NASH mouse).
- C57BL / 6N-NASH mouse normal mice (C57BL / 6N, 6 weeks old, Nippon Charles River) were purchased at the same time and reared on a normal diet (CE-2, Nippon Claire) (hereinafter, this mouse is referred to as a normal mouse). ).
- mice C57BL / 6N-NASH mice were used as a control group and a compound A administration (100 mg / kg) group. There were 6 animals in each group. Moreover, 6 normal mice (C57BL / 6N mice) were used as a normal control group of mice. 3) Drug administration: Compound A was administered as a diet. Administration was started from 7 weeks of age of C57BL / 6N-NASH mice that had already developed NASH, and the administration period was 5 weeks. 4) Observation and inspection methods: After completion of the administration, the mice were fasted for 4 hours, blood was collected from the abdominal vena cava under anesthesia, and plasma was collected.
- liver lipid and plasma ALT were measured using an automatic analyzer (Labospect003, Hitachi).
- the measurement of liver lipid was performed as follows. That is, chloroform: methanol (2: 1) was added to a part of the cryopreserved liver, homogenized, and allowed to stand overnight at 4 ° C., followed by filtration. A portion of the filtrate was collected and evaporated to dryness, then dissolved in isopropanol, and the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were measured using Cholesterol E Test Wako and Triglyceride E Test Wako, respectively.
- paraffin sections were prepared for HE tissue observation, and HE-stained specimens were prepared.
- FIGS. 5 Results These results are shown in FIGS. Compound A did not affect plasma lipids.
- Plasma ALT which is an indicator of liver damage, was higher in the NASH-liver cancer model mouse control group than in normal mice, but this was reduced by 100 mg / kg of Compound A (FIG. 4).
- Liver TC and TG were also higher in the control group of NASH-hepatoma model mice than in normal mice, but Compound A decreased them (FIGS. 5 and 6).
- Compound A inhibited liver lipid droplet deposition (indicated by an arrow in FIG. 7), which is a characteristic pathological state of NASH observed in a control group of NASH-liver cancer model mice (FIG. 7).
- the compound A of the present invention is useful as a therapeutic agent for NASH.
- Example 3 Action in MCD Diet Loaded KK-A y Mice A model in which rodents are loaded with a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD diet) is widely used as a NASH model (Hebbard L, George J .: Animal models). of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Jan; 8 (1): 35-44. Epub 2010 Nov 30.).
- MCD diet methionine-choline deficient diet
- the model using KK-A y mice is known to cause marked steatohepatitis and fibrosis (Okumura K., Ikejima K., Kon K., Abe W., Yamashina S. , Enomoto N., Takei Y. and Sato N.
- the present invention relates to 2- [4- [2- (benzimidazol-2-ylthio) ethyl] piperazin-1-yl] -N- [2,4-bis (methylthio) -6-methyl-3-pyridyl] acetamide Or the acid addition salt thereof, or the solvation thereof has a liver-selective total cholesterol-lowering action and triglyceride-lowering action, suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytocan in the liver, and reduces inflammatory macrophages.
- the present invention is the first to have this and to provide a low molecular weight non-alcoholic steatohepatitis preventive and / or therapeutic agent. Since the present invention can be used as a drug substance, it is useful in the pharmaceutical industry and has industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
また、NASHモデルマウスの肝臓では、マクロファージの異常な増加がみられることが報告されている(非特許文献4)。
本発明の課題は、非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)の予防、治療に有用な新たな非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎の予防、治療剤を提供することにある。
非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)は、エビデンスレベルの高い治療剤の報告は少なく、推奨度の高い治療法は確立されておらず、世界的にも患者数が今後増加することが予想されており、治療法の確立が望まれている。本発明は、血漿脂質に影響することなく、直接肝臓に作用し、肝臓中のコレステロール及びトリグリセリドを特異的に低化させることができ、さらに肝臓中のTNF-αの発現を顕著に抑制し、肝臓中のマクロファージを顕著に減少させることができる新規な非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)の予防・治療剤を提供するものである。
後記実施例に示すとおり、本発明の2-[4-[2-(ベンズイミダゾール-2-イルチオ)エチル]ピペラジン-1-イル]-N-[2,4-ビス(メチルチオ)-6-メチル-3-ピリジル]アセトアミド若しくはその酸付加塩、又はこれらの溶媒和は、NASHのモデル動物である雄性LDL受容体ノックアウトマウスにおいて、血漿中TC及びTGに有意な影響を与えない用量において、肝臓中のTC及びTGの有意な低下、肝臓中の炎症性サイトカインTNF-α発現、及びマクロファージCD11cの有意な減少を示した。特に、血漿中TC及びTGに有意な影響を与えない用量において、肝臓中のTC及びTGの有意な低下を示したことは(図1及び図2参照)、本発明の有効成分が従来報告されている作用とは異なる作用により、肝臓に直接作用していることを示すものであり、本発明により初めて見出された作用に基づくものであるということができる。
従って、2-[4-[2-(ベンズイミダゾール-2-イルチオ)エチル]ピペラジン-1-イル]-N-[2,4-ビス(メチルチオ)-6-メチル-3-ピリジル]アセトアミド若しくはその酸付加塩、又はこれらの溶媒和は、ヒトを含む哺乳類の非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎の予防及び/又は治療剤として有用である。
また、後記する実施例に示すとおり、本発明の有効成分は、ヒトを含む哺乳類の肝臓中のコレステロールの低化剤、肝臓中のトリグリセリドの低化剤、肝臓中のTNF-α発現抑制剤、及び肝臓中のマクロファージ低化剤としても有用である。
NASHの特徴的病態である脂肪肝と肝の炎症を発症することが知られている、Western diet負荷LDL受容体ノックアウトマウス(Yoshimatsu M. et al. Int J Exp Pathol., 85(6), 335-43 (2004 ))における効果を検討した。なお、本試験においては、2-[4-[2-(ベンズイミダゾール-2-イルチオ)エチル]ピペラジン-1-イル]-N-[2,4-ビス(メチルチオ)-6-メチル-3-ピリジル]アセトアミドの一塩酸塩(以下、化合物Aという。)を用いた。
雄性LDL受容体ノックアウトマウス(B6.129S7-Ldlr<tm1Her>/J、Jackson Laboratories)を実験に用いた。8週齢前後より12週間Western dietとしてTeklad Custom Research Diet(Harlan Teklad社、TD.88137)を自由摂取させ、NASHを発症させた。
2)群構成:
群間で体重に差がない様に、コントロール群(塩酸加精製水)、及び化合物A 3mg/kg(遊離体として)投与群に群分けした。
3)薬物投与:
投与容量は10mL/kg体重とし、コントロール群には塩酸加精製水を、化合物A投与群にはそれぞれの薬液を、6時間以上の間隔で午前・午後各1回経口投与した。8週齢前後よりWestern dietを負荷すると同時に投与を開始し、投与期間は12週間とした。
投与終了後、マウスを一晩絶食し、ペントバルビタールナトリウム(50mg/kg)麻酔下に腹部大静脈より採血し、血漿を分取した。採血後肝臓を採取し、凍結保存した。一部は、遺伝子発現の解析のためISOGEN(ニッポンジーン(株))中で凍結保存した。
血漿中の総コレステロール(TC)及びトリグリセリド(TG)は、それぞれコレステロールEテストワコー及びトリグリセライドEテストワコー(いずれも和光純薬工業(株))を用いて測定した。肝脂質の測定は、以下の通り実施した。凍結保存した肝臓にクロロホルム:メタノール(2:1)を加え、ホモジナイズし、4℃で一晩以上静置した後、ろ過を行った。ろ液の一部を分取して蒸発乾固した後に、イソプロパノールで溶解してTC及びTG濃度を、それぞれコレステロールEテストワコー及びトリグリセライドEテストワコーを用いて測定した。
肝遺伝子の発現解析は、肝臓からRNAを抽出し、リアルタイムRT-PCRでTNF-αの遺伝子、及びマクロファージのインテグリンファミリーに属する接着分子中のCD11cの遺伝子の、それぞれの発現を測定することにより行った。RNA抽出は、肝臓をISOGEN中でホモジナイズした後、説明書に従い行った。RNAの濃度は分光光度計(ND-1000、NanoDrop Technologies)を使用して測定した。total RNAよりHigh Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit(Applied Biosystems)を用いてmRNAを逆転写し、cDNAを合成した。遺伝子発現解析は、SYBR green Iを用いたインターカレーター法、またはTaqman Probeを用いた方法により行い、7900HT Fast リアルタイムPCRシステム(Applied Biosystems)を使用して、realtime RT- PCRを行った。内部標準としてβ-actinを使用し、β-actinによる補正を行い、各遺伝子の発現量を比較した。使用したプライマー及びプローブの配列は、以下に示した通りである。
β-actin:
forward(5’-AGCCATGTACGTAGCCATCCA-3’)、
reverse(5’-TCACCGGAGTCCATCACAATG-3’)、
probe(VIC5’-TGTCCCTGTATGCCTCTGGTCGTACCAC-3’TAMRA)、
CD11c:
forward(5’-CTGGATAGCCTTTCTTCTGCTG-3’)、
reverse(5’-GCACACTGTGTCCGAACTC-3’)、
TNF-α:
forward(5’-CATCTTCTCAAAATTCGAGTGACAA-3’)、
reverse(5’-TGGGAGTAGACAAGGTACAACCC-3’)。
統計処理はWindows(登録商標)版SAS前臨床パッケージ(SAS Institute Japan)を使用して行った。
化合物Aの3mg/kg投与群は、図1に示すように、血漿中TC及びTGに有意な影響を与えなかったが、肝臓中のTC及びTGの有意な低下(図2)、肝臓中の炎症性サイトカインTNF-α発現及びマクロファージCD11cの有意な減少(図3)を示した。 すなわち、本発明の化合物Aは、血漿脂質に影響しない用量においても、直接肝臓に作用し、肝臓中のコレステロール及びトリグリセリドを低下させ、また、NASHの特徴的病態である脂肪肝と肝の炎症を抑制した。このことより、本発明の化合物AがNASHの予防・治療薬として有用であることが明らかとなった。
NASH-肝癌モデルマウス(商品名C57BL/6N-NASH マウス)は、株式会社ステリック再生医科学研究所で開発され(特開2009-178143号公報参照)、日本チャールスリバー株式会社で販売されているマウスである。このモデルマウスは、インスリン抵抗性の惹起と高脂肪食の負荷でNASHを発症する。また、このモデルマウスは、組織学的にヒトNASH病態を反映した変化を示し、脂肪肝(6週齢以前)からNASH(7週齢)、肝硬変(10週齢以降)、さらに肝癌(16週齢以降)へと進行するためNASHの治療薬の研究開発に有用なモデルであるといわれている(STAM Mice C57BL/6N-NASHモデルマウス資料(http://www.crj.co.jp/topics/pdf/69/ 6375030/B6N_NASH_leaflet_091019.pdf)参照)。
そこで、実施例1で用いたノックアウトマウスよりも、より重症度が高いとされているこのNASH-肝癌モデルマウスを用いて化合物Aの作用を検討した。
1)使用動物:
雄性C57BL/6N-NASH マウス(日本チャールスリバー)を実験に用いた。このマウスは、生後1-2日齢にストレプトゾトシンを投与し、4週齢より高脂肪食(D12492、Research Diet社)を負荷しているが、このマウスを6週齢で購入し、引き続き同じ高脂肪食で飼育した(以下、このマウスを、C57BL/6N-NASH マウスという。)。また、正常対照群として正常マウス(C57BL/6N、6週齢、日本チャールスリバー)を同時に購入し、普通食(CE-2、日本クレア)で飼育した(以下、このマウスを、正常マウスという。)。
2)群構成:
C57BL/6N-NASHマウスをコントロール群、及び化合物A投与(100mg/kg)群として用いた。各群6匹とした。また、マウスの正常対照群として正常マウス(C57BL/6Nマウス)6匹を用いた。
3)薬物投与:
化合物Aは、混餌投与した。投与は、すでにNASHを発症したC57BL/6N-NASHマウス7週齢より開始し、投与期間は5週間とした。
4)観察及び検査方法:
投与終了後、マウスを4時間絶食させ、麻酔下に腹部大静脈より採血し、血漿を分取した。採血後肝臓を採取して、一部は凍結保存し、一部は常法通りパラフィン包埋を行った。血漿脂質・血漿ALTは、自動分析装置(Labospect003、日立)を用いて測定した。肝脂質の測定は、以下のように行った。すなわち、凍結保存した肝臓の一部にクロロホルム:メタノール(2:1)を加えてホモジナイズし、4℃で一晩以上静置した後、濾過を行った。濾液の一部を分取して蒸発乾固した後に、イソプロパノールで溶解して総コレステロール(TC)及びトリグリセリド(TG)濃度を、それぞれコレステロールEテストワコー及びトリグリセライドEテストワコーを用いて測定した。また、肝組織観察のためパラフィン切片を作成しHE染色標本を作製した。
これらの結果を図4から図7に示す。
化合物Aは血漿脂質に影響を与えなかった。肝障害の指標である血漿ALTは、正常マウスに比べNASH-肝癌モデルマウスコントロール群で高値を示したが、これを化合物Aの100mg/kgは低下させた(図4)。肝中TCおよびTGも正常マウスに比べ NASH-肝癌モデルマウスのコントロール群で高値を示したが、これらを化合物Aは低下させた(図5及び6)。さらに、NASH-肝癌モデルマウスのコントロール群で認められるNASHの特徴的病態である肝の脂肪滴沈着(図7中の矢印で示す)を化合物Aは抑制した(図7)。すなわち、本発明の化合物Aは、NASH発症後に投与を開始しても、血漿脂質に影響しない用量で直接肝臓に作用し、肝臓中のコレステロール及びトリグリセリドを低下させた。さらに、肝障害の指標である血漿ALTを低下させただけでなく、NASHの特徴的病態である脂肪肝を抑制した。このことより、本発明の化合物AがNASHの治療薬として有用であることが明らかとなった。
齧歯類にメチオニン-コリン欠乏食(MCD食)を負荷したモデルは、NASHのモデルとして汎用されている(Hebbard L, George J.:Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Jan;8(1):35-44. Epub 2010 Nov 30.参照)。その中でも、KK-Ayマウスを用いたモデルは、著明な脂肪肝炎と線維化が生じることが知られており(Okumura K., Ikejima K., Kon K., Abe W., Yamashina S., Enomoto N., Takei Y. and Sato N. (2006) Exacerbation of dietary steatohepatitis and fibrosis in obese, diabetic KK-Ay mice Hepatology Research 2006 36:3 (217-228)参照)、NASHに対する薬物の作用を検討するのに優れたモデルであると考えられる。
そこで、本モデルに対する化合物Aの作用を検討した。
1)使用動物:
雄性KK-Ayマウス(KK-Ay/TaJcl、12週齢、日本クレアより購入)を実験に用いた。MCD食を7週間負荷しNASHを発症させた。
2)群構成:
コントロール群、化合物Aの30mg/kg投与群、及び同200mg/kg投与群に群分けした。薬物は混餌投与した。投与期間は7週とした。
3)薬物投与:
化合物Aは、混餌投与した。投与はMCD食負荷と同時に開始した。
4)観察及び検査方法:
実施例2に記載のNASH-肝癌モデルマウスと同様に行ったが、肝組織観察HE染色標本に加え、Azan染色標本も作製した。
これらの結果を図8から図12に示す。
化合物Aは血漿脂質に影響を与えなかった。肝障害の指標である血漿ALTを化合物A200mg/kgは著明に低下させた(図8参照)。肝中TCおよびTGを化合物Aは著明に低下させた(図9及び図10参照)。さらに、NASHの特徴的病態である肝の脂肪滴沈着および線維化を化合物Aは抑制した(図11及び図12参照)。すなわち、本発明の化合物Aは、血漿脂質に影響しない用量において、直接肝臓に作用し、肝臓中のコレステロール及びトリグリセリドを低下させた。さらに、肝障害の指標である血漿ALTを低下させただけでなく、NASHの特徴的病態である脂肪肝・肝の線維化を抑制した。このことより、本発明の化合物AがNASHの予防・治療薬として有用であることが明らかとなった。
Claims (6)
- 2-[4-[2-(ベンズイミダゾール-2-イルチオ)エチル]ピペラジン-1-イル]-N-[2,4-ビス(メチルチオ)-6-メチル-3-ピリジル]アセトアミド若しくはその酸付加塩、又はこれらの溶媒和物を有効成分とする非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 2-[4-[2-(ベンズイミダゾール-2-イルチオ)エチル]ピペラジン-1-イル]-N-[2,4-ビス(メチルチオ)-6-メチル-3-ピリジル]アセトアミド若しくはその酸付加塩、又はこれらの溶媒和物が、2-[4-[2-(ベンズイミダゾール-2-イルチオ)エチル]ピペラジン-1-イル]-N-[2,4-ビス(メチルチオ)-6-メチル-3-ピリジル]アセトアミドの一塩酸塩である請求項1記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の化合物を有効成分とする肝臓中のコレステロールの低化剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の化合物を有効成分とする肝臓中のトリグリセリドの低化剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の化合物を有効成分とする肝臓中のTNF-α発現抑制剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の化合物を有効成分とする肝臓中のマクロファージ低化剤。
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WO2015005365A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | 興和株式会社 | 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患治療剤 |
EP2968217A4 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-11-02 | Golden Biotechnology Corp | METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS |
JP2019523288A (ja) * | 2016-08-04 | 2019-08-22 | メタボリス | 非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎及び繊維症のための新規治療 |
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TW201613936A (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2016-04-16 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Crystalline forms of(2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-n-(2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxamide |
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- 2011-05-18 CN CN201180024816.2A patent/CN102892760B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-18 US US13/697,836 patent/US20130066075A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-18 KR KR1020127030400A patent/KR20130113921A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-05-18 EP EP11783277.4A patent/EP2573081B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-05-18 WO PCT/JP2011/002758 patent/WO2011145340A1/ja active Application Filing
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JP2013133313A (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-08 | Tropical Plant Resources Institute Inc | 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患および/または非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の治療薬 |
EP2968217A4 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-11-02 | Golden Biotechnology Corp | METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS |
WO2015005365A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | 興和株式会社 | 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患治療剤 |
KR20160030479A (ko) * | 2013-07-10 | 2016-03-18 | 교와 가부시키가이샤 | 비알코올성 지방성 간 질환 치료제 |
JPWO2015005365A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2017-03-02 | 興和株式会社 | 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患治療剤 |
KR102034703B1 (ko) | 2013-07-10 | 2019-10-21 | 교와 가부시키가이샤 | 비알코올성 지방성 간 질환 치료제 |
JP2019523288A (ja) * | 2016-08-04 | 2019-08-22 | メタボリス | 非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎及び繊維症のための新規治療 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102892760B (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
US20140221390A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
CN102892760A (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
EP2573081A4 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
CA2798735A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
US20130066075A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
EP2573081A1 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
JPWO2011145340A1 (ja) | 2013-07-22 |
JP5800368B2 (ja) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2573081B1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
KR20130113921A (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
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