WO2011125304A1 - 現像剤担持体、その製造方法及び現像装置 - Google Patents
現像剤担持体、その製造方法及び現像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011125304A1 WO2011125304A1 PCT/JP2011/001816 JP2011001816W WO2011125304A1 WO 2011125304 A1 WO2011125304 A1 WO 2011125304A1 JP 2011001816 W JP2011001816 W JP 2011001816W WO 2011125304 A1 WO2011125304 A1 WO 2011125304A1
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- developer
- resin
- carbon atoms
- acrylic resin
- developer carrier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
- G03G15/0818—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the structure of the donor member, e.g. surface properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/58—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a developer carrier used in an electrophotographic apparatus, a method for producing the same, and a developing apparatus.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a quaternary ammonium base-containing copolymer as a charge control agent in a resin layer.
- a developer carrier containing the same has been proposed.
- the developer carrier according to Patent Document 1 does not necessarily have good compatibility between the binder resin of the resin layer and the quaternary ammonium base-containing copolymer, and charge control
- the dispersion uniformity of the agent and the conductive particles sometimes deteriorated.
- triboelectric charging defects such as local toner charge-up may occur.
- a resin layer is formed only with said quaternary ammonium base containing copolymer, a subject will be produced in the durability of a resin layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a developer carrying member that is excellent in uniform triboelectric chargeability to a toner and whose charge imparting performance does not easily deteriorate even after long-term use, and a method for producing the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing device capable of stably forming a high-quality electrophotographic image.
- the developer carrier according to the present invention has a base and a resin layer, and the resin layer is represented by a unit represented by the following formula (1), a unit represented by the following formula (2), and the following formula (3). Characterized in that it contains an acrylic resin having conductive units and conductive particles:
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. * Shows a coupling
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 4 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- a ⁇ represents an anion.
- R 8 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 9 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. ** indicates a bond portion with * in the formula (1). ].
- the method for producing a developer carrier according to the present invention is a method for producing a developer carrier having a base and a resin layer, wherein the resin layer contains at least an acrylic resin and conductive particles
- the acrylic resin is a method for producing a developer carrying member, which is obtained by the following polymerization reactions [A] and [B]: Polymerization reaction [A]; radical polymerization reaction of a monomer represented by the following formula (5) and a monomer represented by the following formula (6); Polymerization reaction [B]; dehydration polycondensation reaction between hydroxyl groups of the monomer represented by the following formula (5),
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 13 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 15 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 16 , R 17 and R 18 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- a ⁇ represents an anion.
- the developing device includes a negatively chargeable developer having toner particles, a container containing the developer, and a developer carrying for carrying and transporting the developer stored in the container. And a developer layer thickness regulating member, wherein the developer carrier is the developer carrier described above.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a developer carrying member and a developing device that have a high ability to impart uniform triboelectric charge to toner and that do not easily change even after long-term use.
- the developer carrier according to the present invention has a base 102 and a resin layer 101 formed on the peripheral surface of the base 102 as shown in FIG.
- the resin layer 101 contains an acrylic resin having three units having a specific structure and conductive particles.
- the acrylic resin according to the present invention has a role of increasing the triboelectric charge amount of negative triboelectrically chargeable toner. Further, since the acrylic resin has a cross-linked structure, the strength as a binder resin can be increased, so that the wear resistance can be improved. As a result, a high image density can be maintained even after long-term use, and the occurrence of toner scattering can be suppressed.
- the acrylic resin that provides such an effect includes a unit represented by the following formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as “unit (1)”), a unit represented by the formula (2) (hereinafter also referred to as “unit (2)”), and It has a unit represented by formula (3) (hereinafter also referred to as “unit (3)”).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. * Shows a coupling
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 4 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- a ⁇ represents an anion.
- R 8 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 9 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. ** indicates a bond portion with * in the formula (1). ].
- the acrylic resin according to the present invention Since the unit (1) and the unit (3) are chemically bonded and three-dimensionally cross-linked, the acrylic resin according to the present invention has high strength. Thereby, the resin layer of the developer bearing member according to the present invention exhibits high wear resistance.
- R 1 in formula (1) and R 8 in formula (3), R 2 in formula (1) and R 9 in formula (3) are preferably the same. By making each the same, it becomes possible to manufacture from the same monomer.
- the unit (2) contributes to an improvement in the triboelectric charge amount of the negatively triboelectrically charged toner of the developer carrying member.
- any of R 5 , R 6 and R 7 in formula (2) has a unit of a long-chain alkyl group (19 or more carbon atoms) exceeding the octadecyl group, the crystallinity becomes high and the compatibility with the solvent is increased. Tend to be relatively low. Therefore, in order to obtain a uniform resin layer, R 5 to R 7 are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- a ⁇ in the formula (2) is an anion in halogens, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and other inorganic acids, and organic acids such as carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
- a ⁇ is more preferably a methylsulfonate ion or a paratoluenesulfonate ion in order to further improve the triboelectric charge amount of the triboelectrically chargeable toner.
- unit (7) In order to better control the charge imparting ability of the acrylic resin, in addition to the units (1) to (3), other units represented by the following formula (7) (hereinafter “unit (7)”) May also be included).
- R 19 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 20 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the acrylic resin that can be used in the present invention can be produced by radical polymerization reaction [A] of a hydroxyl group-modified acrylic monomer and an acrylic monomer having a quaternary ammonium base and a dehydration polycondensation reaction [B] between hydroxyl groups. I can do it.
- the hydroxyl group-modified acrylic monomer include a monomer represented by the following formula (5) (hereinafter also referred to as “monomer (5)”).
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 13 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- N-methylolacrylamide and N-ethylolacrylamide are preferable from the viewpoint of controlling the reaction.
- the acrylic monomer having a quaternary ammonium base include a monomer represented by the following formula (6) (hereinafter also referred to as “monomer (6)”).
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 16 , R 17 and R 18 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
- R 15 represents a carbon number of 1 1 to 4 alkylene groups
- a ⁇ represents an anion.
- a monomer having a long-chain alkyl group (19 or more carbon atoms) in which any of R 16 , R 17 and R 18 in formula (6) exceeds the carbon number of the octadecyl group has high crystallinity and is compatible with the solvent. Is relatively lowered. Therefore, R 16 to R 18 are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms because of the ease of production of acrylic resins.
- the resin layer has a negative triboelectric chargeable toner. This is more preferable because the triboelectric charge amount can be further increased.
- the radical polymerization reaction [A] and the dehydration polycondensation reaction [B] between the hydroxyl groups may be carried out simultaneously, but after the radical polymerization reaction [A], the dehydration polycondensation reaction [B] between the hydroxyl groups may be performed. It is preferable because the amount of residual monomer can be reduced.
- the radical polymerization reaction [A] known polymerization methods such as bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, and emulsion polymerization can be used.
- the solution polymerization method is preferable because the reaction can be easily controlled.
- the solvent used in the solution polymerization method is not particularly limited as long as the acrylic resin can be uniformly dissolved, but lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and isopropyl alcohol are preferable. By using a lower alcohol, the viscosity becomes low when used as a paint, and the film formability of the resin layer tends to be good. Moreover, you may mix and use another solvent as needed.
- the ratio of the solvent and the monomer component used in the solution polymerization method is preferably from 25 parts by mass to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer component in terms of controlling appropriate viscosity.
- Polymerization of the monomer mixture can be performed, for example, by heating the monomer mixture to a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower in an inert gas atmosphere in the presence of a polymerization initiator. The following are mentioned as a polymerization initiator.
- t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate cumyl perpivalate, t-butylperoxylaurate, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butyl Cumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) ), 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate).
- the polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more monomers. Usually, a polymerization initiator is added to the monomer solution to start the polymerization, but a part of the polymerization initiator may be added during the polymerization in order to reduce unreacted monomers. In addition, a method of promoting polymerization by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or an electron beam can be used, and these methods may be combined.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is 0.05 to 30 parts by mass, and particularly 0.1 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer component.
- the temperature of the polymerization reaction can be set according to the composition of the solvent to be used, the polymerization initiator, and the monomer component, but is preferably performed at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower in terms of proceeding the polymerization reaction stably.
- a monomer produced by quaternizing a monomer represented by the following formula (8) hereinafter also referred to as “monomer (8)” with a quaternizing agent can be used.
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 16 and R 17 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
- R 15 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the quaternizing agent are given below. Butyl bromide, 2-ethylhexyl bromide, octyl bromide, lauryl bromide, stearyl bromide, butyl chloride, 2-ethylhexyl chloride, octyl chloride, lauryl chloride and the like.
- the amount of the quaternizing agent used is preferably 0.8 mol or more and 1.0 mol or less with respect to 1 mol of the monomer (8). Quaternization of such a monomer can be performed, for example, by heating the monomer and the quaternizing agent to a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower in a solvent.
- a desired quaternary ammonium base-containing acrylic copolymer by copolymerizing the monomer (5) and the monomer (8) and then further quaternizing with the quaternizing agent. It is.
- the monomer (8) is quaternized with an alkyl halide such as methyl chloride and then copolymerized with the monomer (5).
- the obtained quaternary ammonium base-containing acrylic copolymer is treated with an acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or hydroxynaphthalenesulfonic acid to perform counterion exchange, and contains a quaternary ammonium base as a target anion species.
- An acrylic copolymer can also be used.
- the reaction can be carried out simultaneously with the volatilization of the solvent by heating the acrylic resin solution subjected to the radical polymerization reaction by the solution polymerization method at a temperature of 100 ° C. or more and 160 ° C. or less. it can.
- the dehydration polycondensation reaction [B] between the hydroxyl groups proceeds too much, the acrylic resin is cross-linked and it becomes difficult to perform the molding process.
- other monomers other than those described above may be used during radical polymerization. Examples of the other monomer include monomers represented by the following formula (9).
- R 21 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 22 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of R 22 in formula (9) can be appropriately set in order to control the solubility with a solvent.
- the composition ratio of each unit in the acrylic resin is such that the total number of moles of the unit (1) and the unit (3) in the acrylic resin is a, the number of moles of the unit (2) is b, and the moles of the other units (7).
- a / (a + b + c) is 0.3 or more and 0.8 or less
- b / (a + b + c) is 0.2 or more and 0.7 or less
- c / ( a + b + c) is preferably 0.0 or more and 0.5 or less.
- a / (a + b + c) is 0.3 or more, the crosslinking point of the acrylic resin increases and the wear resistance is easily improved.
- b / (a + b + c) is 0.2 or more, the charge imparting ability of the acrylic resin to the toner is increased, and the triboelectric charge amount of the negative triboelectric charge toner is easily increased.
- the above-described effects due to the introduction of the units (1) to (3) can be easily obtained.
- the total of the multiple types of unit composition ratios that satisfy the structures of units (1) and units (3) Let the number of moles be a.
- b the total number of moles of the multiple types of unit composition ratios that satisfy the structure of the unit (2).
- the total number of moles of the multiple types of unit composition ratios that satisfy the structure of the unit (7) is defined as c.
- the resin layer contains a phenol resin or a melamine resin, and the acrylic resin is also a unit represented by the following formula (4) (hereinafter referred to as “unit (4)”). It is preferable that it is bonded to the phenol resin or the melamine resin at the position of ***.
- R 10 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 11 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the acrylic resin of the present invention reacts with a phenol resin or a melamine resin, the cross-linked structure becomes dense and tends to exist uniformly in the resin layer, so that triboelectric charging to the toner is easily stabilized.
- a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin or a melamine resin
- radical polymerization reaction [A] of a hydroxyl group-modified acrylic monomer and an acrylic monomer having a quaternary ammonium base is performed. Do. Then, it can manufacture by performing the dehydration polycondensation reaction [B] and [C] of hydroxyl groups.
- the dehydration polycondensation reaction [B] of hydroxyl groups shows reaction of the hydroxyl groups of a hydroxyl-group-modified acrylic monomer (5).
- the dehydration polycondensation reaction [C] between the hydroxyl groups represents a reaction between the methylol group of the resol type phenol resin or melamine resin and the hydroxyl group of the hydroxyl group-modified acrylic monomer (5).
- conductive particles are contained in the resin layer.
- the material for the conductive particles include metals, metal oxides, and carbides such as carbon black and graphite. Among them, carbon black, particularly conductive amorphous carbon is preferably used.
- As a standard of the volume resistance value of the resin layer it is 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, particularly 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra (JIS B0601-2001) is 0.3 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- a method for setting the roughness of the resin layer to a desired value a method for forming the resin layer on the substrate on which the resin layer is formed by sandblasting, and a method for forming the resin layer on the resin layer, or making the resin layer contain unevenness imparting particles There is a way.
- the resin layer can be formed by the following steps, for example. [1] A step of radically polymerizing each monomer to produce an acrylic resin solution, [2] A step of dispersing and mixing the acrylic resin solution and conductive particles to form a paint, [3] A step of applying the dispersed and mixed paint onto a substrate, [4] A step of drying, solidifying or curing the paint applied on the substrate.
- the above solution polymerization method is preferable.
- a known dispersion apparatus using beads such as a sand mill, a paint shaker, a dyno mill, and a pearl mill can be suitably used.
- grains it is preferable to disperse and mix each component in the middle of process [2].
- a known method such as a dipping method, a spray method, or a roll coating method can be applied, but in order to make each component in the resin layer uniform.
- the spray method is preferred.
- a known heating device such as a hot air drying furnace or an infrared heater can be suitably used.
- a dehydration polycondensation reaction (polymerization reaction [B]) between the hydroxyl groups of the cross-linked acrylic monomer occurs.
- a dehydration polycondensation reaction (polymerization reaction [methylol group of a resol type phenol resin or a methylol group of a melamine resin and a hydroxyl group of a hydroxyl group-modified acrylic monomer (polymerization reaction [ C]) occurs.
- the film thickness of the resin layer is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 4 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m because it is easy to form a uniform film thickness.
- a method for drying, solidifying or curing in the step [4] it is preferable to use a known apparatus such as a hot air dryer or an infrared heater at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower.
- Examples of the substrate 102 include a cylindrical member, a columnar member, and a belt-shaped member.
- Examples of the material of the substrate include nonmagnetic metals or alloys such as aluminum, stainless steel, and brass.
- the developing device includes a negatively charged developer having toner particles, a container containing the developer, and a developer carrier for carrying and transporting the developer stored in the container. And a developer layer thickness regulating member. Then, while forming a developer layer on the developer carrier by the developer layer thickness regulating member, the developer on the developer carrier is transported to a development area facing the electrostatic latent image carrier, The electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image carrier is developed with the developer to form a toner image.
- the developer carrier is the developer carrier according to the present invention described above.
- the developing device according to the present invention is applied to any of a non-contact developing device and a contact developing device using a magnetic one-component developer or a non-magnetic one-component developer, and a developing device using a two-component developer.
- the developing device of the present invention includes a magnetic one-component non-contact developing device, a non-magnetic one-component non-contact developing device and the like that tend to vary in the triboelectric charge amount of the developer on the developer carrier.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to the non-contact type developing apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a magnetic one-component non-contact developing device according to the present invention.
- a container (developing container 109) for containing the developer, and a developer carrier 105 for carrying and transporting a magnetic one-component developer (not shown) (magnetic toner) having magnetic toner particles stored in the container.
- the developer carrying member 105 is provided with a developing sleeve 103 in which a resin layer 101 is formed on a metal cylindrical tube as the base 102.
- a magnet (magnet roller) 104 is disposed inside the developing sleeve so as to magnetically hold the magnetic toner on the surface.
- an electrostatic latent image carrier for example, a photosensitive drum
- an electrostatic latent image carrier 106 that carries an electrostatic latent image rotates in the arrow B direction.
- the magnetic toner on the developer carrier 105 is attached to the electrostatic latent image to form a magnetic toner image.
- a developing method using such a developing apparatus will be described below. Magnetic toner is fed into the developer container 109 via a developer supply member (such as a screw) 115 from a developer supply container (not shown).
- the developing container 109 is divided into a first chamber 112 and a second chamber 111, and the magnetic toner fed into the first chamber 112 passes through a gap formed by the developing container 109 and the partition member 113 by the stirring and conveying member 110. And sent to the second chamber 111.
- a stirring member 114 is provided in the second chamber 111 to suppress the retention of magnetic toner.
- a magnetic blade 107 as a developer layer thickness regulating member is attached to the developer container so as to face the developer carrier 105 with a gap of about 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic lines of force from the magnetic pole N1 of the magnet roller 104 are concentrated between the magnetic blades, and the developer carrier rotates in the direction of arrow A to form a thin layer of magnetic toner on the developer carrier 105.
- a nonmagnetic developer layer thickness regulating member may be used instead of the magnetic blade 107.
- the magnetic toner obtains a triboelectric charge capable of developing the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 106 by friction between each other and between the resin layers 101 on the surface of the developer carrier 105.
- the thickness of the magnetic toner layer formed on the developer carrier 105 is preferably thinner than the minimum gap between the developer carrier 105 and the photosensitive drum 106 in the development region D.
- a developing bias voltage is applied to the developer carrying member 105 from the developing bias power source 108. It is preferable.
- a voltage corresponding to an intermediate value between the electrostatic latent image potential and the background potential is preferable.
- an alternating bias voltage may be applied to the developer carrier 105 to form an oscillating electric field whose direction is alternately reversed in the development region D.
- the voltage applied to the developer carrying member 105 is preferably an alternating bias voltage in which a DC voltage component corresponding to an intermediate value between the electrostatic latent image potential and the background potential is superimposed.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another example of a magnetic one-component non-contact developing device according to the present invention.
- a container (developing container 209) for containing the developer and a developer carrier 205 for carrying and transporting a magnetic one-component developer (not shown) (magnetic toner) having magnetic toner particles stored in the container.
- the developer carrying member 205 is provided with a developing sleeve 203 in which a resin layer 201 is formed on a metal cylindrical tube as the base body 202.
- a magnet (magnet roller) 204 is disposed inside the developing sleeve so as to magnetically hold the magnetic toner on the surface.
- the photosensitive drum 206 carrying the electrostatic latent image rotates in the arrow B direction.
- the developing container 209 is divided into a first chamber 212 and a second chamber 211, and the magnetic toner filled in the first chamber 212 passes through a gap formed by the developing container 209 and the partition member 213 by the stirring and conveying member 210. And sent to the second chamber 211.
- a stirring member 214 is provided in the second chamber 211 to prevent magnetic toner from staying.
- the developing container is provided with an elastic blade 207 having an elastic plate made of rubber such as urethane rubber or silicone rubber, or metal such as phosphor bronze or stainless steel.
- the elastic blade 207 is brought into contact with or pressed against the developer carrier 205 via the toner, and the toner is subjected to stronger restrictions compared to the non-contact type developing device shown in FIG. It is formed in a thin layer.
- the toner is easily affected by non-uniform conductivity on the surface of the developer carrier, the toner layer on the developer carrier tends to vary in triboelectric charge amount, and the triboelectric charge distribution is It tends to be broad.
- the contact pressure of the elastic blade 207 with respect to the developer carrying member 205 is a linear pressure of 4.9 N / m or more and 49 N / m or less, so that the regulation of the toner is stabilized and the thickness of the toner layer is suitably set. It is preferable in that it can be regulated.
- the contact pressure of the elastic blade 207 is set to a linear pressure of 4.9 N / m or more, the thickness of the toner layer formed on the developer carrying member can be controlled with high accuracy, and fog and toner in the obtained image The occurrence of this can be suppressed. Further, when the linear pressure is 49 N / m or less, the rubbing force of the toner becomes an appropriate level, and it is possible to prevent toner deterioration and toner fusion to the developer carrier 205 and the elastic blade 207. Further, in order to cause the magnetic toner carried on the developer carrying member 205 to fly to the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum and develop it, a developing bias voltage is applied to the developer carrying member 205 from the developing bias power source 208. It is preferable.
- the above example is a magnetic one-component non-contact type, but in the developing device of the present invention, the toner layer thickness on the developer carrier is greater than or equal to the gap distance between the developer carrier and the photosensitive drum in the development region D.
- the present invention can also be applied to a magnetic one-component contact developing device formed to a thickness of 5 mm.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a non-magnetic one-component non-contact type developing apparatus using a non-magnetic toner according to the present invention.
- the photosensitive drum 306 carrying the electrostatic latent image is rotated in the arrow B direction.
- the developer carrier 305 is composed of a base (metal cylindrical tube) 302 and a resin layer 301 formed on the surface thereof.
- a columnar member can be used in place of the metal cylindrical tube as the substrate, and since a nonmagnetic one-component developer (nonmagnetic toner) is used, no magnet is provided inside the substrate 302.
- a developing method in such a developing apparatus will be described below.
- a stirring / conveying member 310 for stirring and transporting the nonmagnetic one-component developer 312 (nonmagnetic toner) is provided. Further, in the developing container, a developer supply strip for supplying the nonmagnetic toner 312 to the developer carrier 305 and stripping the nonmagnetic toner 312 remaining on the surface of the developer carrier 305 after development.
- a take-up member (RS roller) 311 is provided in contact with the developer carrier 305. When the RS roller 311 rotates in the same direction as or opposite to the developer carrier 305, the nonmagnetic toner 312 remaining on the developer carrier 305 is peeled off in the developer container 309, and a new nonmagnetic toner 312 is supplied.
- the developer carrier 305 carries the supplied nonmagnetic toner 312 and rotates in the direction of arrow A, so that the developer carrier 305 and the photosensitive drum 306 face the nonmagnetic toner 312 in the developing region D. Transport.
- the nonmagnetic toner carried on the developer carrying member 305 is pressed against the surface of the developer carrying member 305 by the developer layer thickness regulating member 307, and the thickness thereof is formed to be constant.
- the non-magnetic toner is frictionally charged enough to develop the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 306 due to friction between the non-magnetic toner, the developer carrier 305, and the developer layer thickness regulating member 307. Is granted.
- the thickness of the nonmagnetic toner layer formed on the developer carrier 305 may be smaller than the minimum gap between the developer carrier 305 and the photosensitive drum 306 in the developing unit.
- a developing bias voltage is applied from the developing bias power source 308 to the developer carrying member 305.
- the development bias voltage 308 may be either a DC voltage or an alternating bias voltage, and the voltage is preferably the same voltage as described above.
- the RS roller 311 is preferably an elastic roller such as resin, rubber, or sponge.
- the elastic blade 307 preferably has the same material and the same curved shape as the elastic blade 207 of the magnetic one-component non-contact developing device shown in FIG. 2, and is installed so as to be pressed against the developer carrier 305. .
- the contact between the elastic blade 307 and the developer carrier 305 is preferably the same contact force as that of the elastic blade 207 with respect to the developer carrier 205 in the magnetic one-component non-contact type shown in FIG.
- the above example is a non-magnetic one-component non-contact type, but the layer thickness of the non-magnetic one-component developer on the developer carrier is not less than the gap distance between the developer carrier and the photosensitive drum in the development region D.
- the present invention can also be suitably applied to a non-magnetic one-component contact developing device formed to a thickness of 5 mm.
- the developer (toner) according to the present invention contains a binder, a colorant, a charge control agent, a release agent, inorganic fine particles, and the like. It may be a magnetic toner containing a magnetic material as an essential component or a non-magnetic toner containing no magnetic material.
- the mass average particle diameter is preferably in the range of 4 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. This is because the toner triboelectric charge amount or image quality and image density are balanced. When the mass average particle diameter of the toner is 10 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in reproducibility of the fine dot image.
- the mass average particle diameter of the toner is 4 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of fogging due to frictional charging failure and the occurrence of low density.
- the binder resin for the toner vinyl resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, and phenol resins can be used. Of these, vinyl resins and polyester resins are preferred.
- the toner can contain a charge control agent in the toner particles (internal addition), or can be mixed with the toner particles (external addition). The charge control agent facilitates optimal charge amount control according to the development system.
- the above-described toner having a controlled charge amount is used as a negatively chargeable developer, whereby the effect of improving the charge imparting ability of the developer carrier of the present invention can be easily obtained.
- Resin layer having a volume resistance of 100 ⁇ m on a PET sheet having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m is formed, and a resistivity meter: “Loresta AP” (trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) has 4 terminals.
- the volume resistance value of the resin layer was measured using a probe.
- the measurement environment was a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH.
- volume average particle size of irregularity imparting particles As a measuring device for volume average particle size of irregularity imparting particles, a laser diffraction type particle size distribution analyzer: “Coulter LS-230 type particle size distribution meter” (trade name, Beckman Coulter, Inc.) Made). A small amount module was used for the measurement, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was used as the measurement solvent. First, the measurement system of the measuring apparatus was washed with IPA for about 5 minutes, and a background function was executed after washing. Next, about 10 mg of a measurement sample is added to 50 ml of IPA.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- the sample solution is gradually added into the measurement system of the measurement device, and the PIDS (Polarization) on the device screen is displayed.
- the sample concentration in the measurement system was adjusted so that the concentration differential scattering (Intensity Differential Scattering) concentration was 45% to 55%. Thereafter, measurement was performed, and a volume average particle diameter calculated from the volume distribution was obtained.
- Resin Layer Film Thickness of the resin layer is measured by a laser dimension measuring instrument (controller: “LS-5500” (trade name, manufactured by Keyence Corporation). ) And sensor head: “LS-5040T” (trade name, manufactured by Keyence Corporation)).
- a sensor unit was separately fixed to an apparatus equipped with a developer carrier fixing jig and a developer carrier feeding mechanism, and the outer diameter of the developer carrier was measured. The measurement was carried out at 30 locations by dividing the developer carrier in the longitudinal direction into 30 parts, and further rotating the developer carrier 90 ° in the circumferential direction, followed by 30 locations, a total of 60 locations. The average value of the measured values obtained was taken as the outer diameter of the sample.
- the outer diameter of the substrate was measured before the resin layer was formed, the outer diameter was measured again after the resin layer was formed, and the difference was taken as the film thickness of the resin layer.
- Mass average particle diameter D4 of developer (magnetic toner) Particle size measuring device Measured using “Coulter Multisizer III” (trade name, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
- As the electrolytic solution an approximately 1% NaCl aqueous solution prepared using primary sodium chloride was used. About 0.5 ml of alkylbenzene sulfonate is added as a dispersant to about 100 ml of the electrolyte, and about 5 mg of a measurement sample is added to suspend the sample.
- the electrolyte solution in which the sample is suspended is subjected to a dispersion treatment with an ultrasonic disperser for about 1 minute, and the volume and number distribution of the measurement sample are measured using the 100 ⁇ m aperture with the measuring device to obtain the volume distribution and the number distribution. Calculated. From this result, the mass-based mass average particle diameter (D4) determined from the volume distribution was determined.
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- Acrylic resin solutions A-2 to A-29, a-30 to a-33 were obtained in the same manner as in Production Example A-1, except that the copolymerization components used were those shown in Table 1.
- A-4, A-15, A-17, A-25, and A-29 are exchanged from bromine ions to p-toluenesulfonic acid ions or methanesulfonic acid ions by ion exchange resin after completion of the polymerization reaction. did.
- Table 2 shows the structure of the acrylic resin after heat drying analyzed in the same manner as in Production Example A-1.
- developer carrier E-1 was produced by the following method. First, the following materials were mixed and dispersed in a sand mill: “Horizontal Ready Mill NVM-03” (trade name, manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.) (glass beads having a diameter of 1.0 mm with a filling rate of 85%). A working solution was obtained.
- Acrylic resin solution A-1 100 parts by mass of solid content (250 parts by mass as a solution)
- Conductive particle C-1 6.7 parts by mass
- -Conductive particles C-2 60 parts by mass
- -Concavity and convexity imparting particles D-2 10 parts by mass
- Isopropyl alcohol 200 parts by mass.
- a magnet roller was assembled to the obtained developer carrying member E-1, and this was assembled into a genuine cartridge of a printer: “LASER JET 4350” (trade name, manufactured by Hewlett Packard) to obtain a developing device. This was mounted on the printer and the following image evaluation was performed.
- the image evaluation was performed in a high temperature and high humidity environment (temperature 32.5 ° C., humidity 80% RH; H / H).
- letter size paper “Businesses 4200” (trade name, manufactured by XEROX; 75 g / m 2) is used, and A4 size plain paper is vertically fed from a character image with a printing ratio of 3% (A4 portrait).
- the test of continuous copying up to 50,000 sheets was conducted. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the image evaluations (1) to (3) were performed at the initial stage and after 50,000 sheets were printed, respectively.
- Image density reflection densitometer “RD918” (trade name, manufactured by Macbeth Co., Ltd.) was used, and the density of the solid black portion when a solid image was printed was measured at five points, and the arithmetic average value was taken as the image density. Further, the reduction rate of the image density after the initial printing and after 50,000 printing was calculated.
- Density unevenness halftone and solid black image were output, and the linear and belt-like density differences running in the image traveling direction were evaluated according to the following criteria.
- the density unevenness was evaluated by ranking based on the following criteria.
- D A density difference that can be clearly measured with a reflection densitometer appears in a strip shape on the halftone image, and the density difference can be visually confirmed even on a solid black image.
- the developer carrier F-32 of Comparative Example 1 does not contain the unit (1) and the unit (3) in the acrylic resin, and has insufficient wear resistance. The density difference was bad, the density unevenness at the time of 50,000 sheets, and the image quality evaluation were bad. Since the developer carriers F-33 and F-34 in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 do not contain the unit (2) in the acrylic resin and have a low charge imparting ability, the initial image density and the image density at 50,000 sheets are low. Was low, density unevenness and image quality evaluation were poor.
- the developer carrying member F-35 of Comparative Example 4 has a large carbon number of the alkyl group of R7 in the acrylic resin structure as 22 and is insufficiently dispersible with the conductive particles, so the density unevenness and image quality evaluation are poor. became.
- Example 32 ⁇ Manufacture of developer carrier G-36> The composition of the coating solution was set to the ratio shown below, and the other components were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coating solution.
- Acrylic resin solution A-1 50 parts by mass of solid content (125 parts by mass as a solution)
- Phenolic resin 50 parts by mass of solids (83.3 parts by mass as a solution)
- -Conductive particles C-1 4 parts by mass
- -Conductive particles C-2 36 parts by mass
- -Concavity and convexity imparting particles D-1 12 parts by mass
- Isopropyl alcohol 175 parts by mass.
- Example 2 a developer carrying member G-36 was obtained.
- a magnet roller is inserted into the obtained developer carrier G-36, and flanges are attached to both ends, and mounted as a developing roller of a developing device of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus: “iR2545” (trade name, manufactured by Canon Inc.). did.
- the gap between the magnetic doctor blade and the developer carrier G-36 was 220 ⁇ m. This was mounted on the above-described electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and the following image evaluation was performed.
- the image evaluation was performed in a high temperature and high humidity environment (temperature 30 ° C., humidity 80% RH; H / H).
- A4 size plain paper “CS-680” (trade name, manufactured by Canon; 68 g / m2) is used, and a character image with a printing ratio of 3% is fed horizontally to A4 size plain paper. (A4 landscape) Up to 500,000 copies were continuously printed. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 1 (1) Image density, (2) density unevenness, and (3) image quality evaluation were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the initial evaluation and after 500,000 sheets were printed, respectively.
- Examples 33 to 42, Comparative Examples 5 to 8 ⁇ Manufacture of developer carriers G-37 to G-46, H-47 to H-50> Developer carriers G-37 to G-46 and H-47 to H-50 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 32 except that the coating liquids shown in Table 5 were used.
- Table 6 shows that the evaluation results of Examples 32-42 are good.
- the developer carrying member H-47 of Comparative Example 5 does not contain units (1) and (3) in the acrylic resin and has insufficient wear resistance. The density difference was bad, the density unevenness at the time of 500,000 sheets, and the image quality evaluation were bad. Since the developer carriers H-48 and H-49 of Comparative Examples 6 and 7 do not contain the unit (2) in the acrylic resin and have a low charge imparting ability, the initial image density and the image density at 500,000 sheets was low, density unevenness and image quality evaluation were poor.
- the developer carrying member F-50 of Comparative Example 8 has a large number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group of R7 in the acrylic resin structure, which is poor in compatibility with the phenol resin and in dispersibility with the conductive particles. For this reason, density unevenness and image quality evaluation deteriorated.
- Example 43 Manufacture of developer carrier I-51>
- the composition of the coating solution was set to the ratio shown below, and the other components were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coating solution.
- Acrylic resin solution A-1 100 parts by mass of solid content (250 parts by mass as a solution)
- Conductive particles C-1 3.3 parts by mass -Conductive particles C-2: 30 parts by mass, -Concavity and convexity imparting particles
- D-1 10 parts by mass
- Isopropyl alcohol 100 parts by mass.
- Example 2 Next, the substrate was rotated at 1500 rpm, the air spray gun descending speed was 35 mm / second, and the thickness after curing was 10 ⁇ m. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1, and a coating film was formed and cured. Thus, developer carrier I-51 was obtained.
- the obtained developer carrier 1-51 was incorporated in a magenta cartridge: “EP82” (trade name, manufactured by Canon Inc.) of a printer: “LBP2160” (trade name, manufactured by Canon Inc.) to form a developing device. This was mounted on the printer and the following image evaluation was performed.
- the contact pressure of the toner regulating blade in the longitudinal direction of the developer carrying member was set to 30 g / cm as a linear pressure.
- the image evaluation was performed in a high temperature and high humidity environment (temperature 32.5 ° C., humidity 80% RH; H / H).
- Example 1 (1) Image density, (2) density unevenness, and (3) image quality evaluation were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the initial and after 30,000 images were printed.
- Example 43 From Table 8, it can be seen that the evaluation result of Example 43 is good.
- the developer carriers J-52 and J-53 of Comparative Examples 9 and 10 do not contain the unit (2) in the acrylic resin and have a low charge imparting ability. Image density was low, density unevenness, and image quality evaluation was poor.
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Abstract
Description
重合反応〔A〕;下記式(5)で示されるモノマー及び下記式(6)で示されるモノマーのラジカル重合反応、
重合反応〔B〕;下記式(5)で示されるモノマーの水酸基同士の脱水重縮合反応、
本発明に係るアクリル樹脂は、負摩擦帯電性のトナーの摩擦帯電量を高める役割を有する。更に、該アクリル樹脂が架橋構造を有することにより、結着樹脂として強度を高めることができるため、耐摩耗性を向上させることができる。その結果、長期の使用によっても、高い画像濃度を維持でき、トナーの飛び散りの発生を抑制できる。かかる効果をもたらすアクリル樹脂は、下記式(1)で示されるユニット(以降「ユニット(1)」ともいう)、式(2)で示されるユニット(以降「ユニット(2)」ともいう)、及び式(3)で示されるユニット(以降「ユニット(3)」ともいう)を有する。
ラジカル重合反応〔A〕及び水酸基同士の脱水重縮合反応〔B〕は、同時に行っても構わないが、ラジカル重合反応〔A〕の後に、水酸基同士の脱水重縮合反応〔B〕をおこなうことが、残留モノマーの量を低減できるため好ましい。
樹脂層の耐摩耗性を向上させるために、樹脂層は、フェノール樹脂又はメラミン樹脂を含有し、且つ、前記アクリル樹脂は、下記式(4)で示されるユニット(以降「ユニット(4)」ともいう)を有し、***の位置で該フェノール樹脂又は該メラミン樹脂と結合していることが好ましい。
本発明では樹脂層の抵抗値を調整するために、導電性粒子が樹脂層中に含有されている。導電性粒子の材質としては、金属、金属酸化物、カーボンブラックやグラファイトの如き炭化物が挙げられる。中でもカーボンブラック、特に、導電性のアモルファスカーボンが好適に用いられる。樹脂層の体積抵抗値の目安としては、104Ω・cm以下、特には10-3Ω・cm以上103Ω・cm以下である。
樹脂層の表面粗さの目安としては、算術平均粗さRa(JIS B0601-2001)で0.3μm~2.5μmである。樹脂層の粗さを所望の値にする方法としては、樹脂層を形成する基体にサンドブラストにより粗さを付与し、その上に樹脂層を形成する方法や、樹脂層に凹凸付与粒子を含有させる方法がある。
次に樹脂層の製造方法について説明する。樹脂層は、例えば以下の工程により形成することが可能である。
〔1〕各モノマーをラジカル重合させてアクリル樹脂溶液を製造する工程、
〔2〕前記アクリル樹脂溶液と導電性粒子を分散混合し塗料化させる工程、
〔3〕前記分散混合した塗料を基体上に塗工する工程、
〔4〕前記基体上に塗工された塗料を乾燥固化あるいは硬化させる工程。
基体102としては、円筒状部材、円柱状部材、ベルト状の部材が挙げられる。基体の材質としてはアルミニウム、ステンレス鋼、真鍮等の非磁性の金属又は合金が挙げられる。
本発明に係る現像装置は、トナー粒子を有する負帯電性の現像剤と、該現像剤を収容している容器と、該容器に貯蔵された該現像剤を担持搬送するための現像剤担持体と、現像剤層厚規制部材とを有する。そして、該現像剤層厚規制部材により該現像剤担持体上に現像剤層を形成しながら該現像剤担持体上の該現像剤を静電潜像担持体と対向する現像領域へ搬送し、該静電潜像担持体の静電潜像を該現像剤により現像し、トナー画像を形成するものである。そして、該現像剤担持体が、上記した本発明に係る現像剤担持体である。
本発明に係る現像剤(トナー)は、結着樹脂に着色剤、荷電制御剤、離型剤、無機微粒子等を含む。磁性材料を必須成分とする磁性トナーであっても、磁性材料を含まない非磁性トナーであってもよい。質量平均粒径は、4μm以上10μm以下の範囲にあることが好ましい。トナーの摩擦帯電量あるいは画質及び画像濃度がバランスのとれたものとなるからである。トナーの質量平均粒径が10μm以下であれば、微小ドット画像の再現性が低下するのを抑制することができる。一方、トナーの質量平均粒径が4μm以上であれば、摩擦帯電不良によるカブリの発生や、濃度薄の発生を抑制することができる。トナーの結着樹脂としては、ビニル系樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂を使用することができる。中でもビニル系樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂が好ましい。上記トナーには摩擦帯電特性を向上させる目的で、荷電制御剤をトナー粒子に包含させる(内添)、又はトナー粒子と混合して用いる(外添)ことができる。荷電制御剤によって、現像システムに応じた最適の荷電量コントロールが容易となる。
まず、本発明に関わる物性の測定方法について説明する。
アクリル樹脂のポリマーの構造は、現像剤担持体の樹脂層を削り取った試料を熱分解GC/MS装置:「Voyager」(商品名、サーモエレクトロン社製)で分析して求めた。なお、熱分解温度:600℃、カラム:HP-1(15m×0.25mm×0.25μm)、Inlet:温度300℃、Split:20.0、注入量:1.2ml/min、昇温:50℃(4min)-300℃(20℃/min)の条件で行った。
100μmの厚さのPETシート上に、7μm乃至20μmの樹脂層を形成し、抵抗率計:「ロレスタAP」(商品名、三菱化学社製)にて4端子プローブを用いて樹脂層の体積抵抗値を測定した。測定環境は温度20℃、湿度50%RHとした。
現像剤担持体表面の算術平均粗さRaはJIS B0601(2001)に基づき、表面粗さ計:「サーフコーダーSE-3500」(商品名、株式会社小坂研究所社製)を用いて測定した。測定条件としては、カットオフ0.8mm、評価長さ4mm、送り速度0.5mm/sとし、軸方向3点×周方向3点=9点について測定し、その平均値を当該試料の現像剤担持体表面の算術平均粗さRaとした。
凹凸付与粒子の体積平均粒径の測定装置として、レーザー回折型粒度分布計:「コールターLS-230型粒度分布計」(商品名、ベックマン・コールター株式会社製)を用いた。測定には、少量モジュールを用い、測定溶媒はイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)を使用した。まず、IPAにて測定装置の測定系内を約5分間洗浄し、洗浄後バックグラウンドファンクションを実行した。次にIPA50ml中に、測定試料約10mgを加える。試料を懸濁した溶液を超音波分散機で約2分間分散処理し、試料液を得た後、測定装置の測定系内に試料液を徐々に加えて、装置の画面上のPIDS(Polarization
Intensity Differential Scattering)濃度が45%乃至55%になるように測定系内の試料濃度を調整した。その後に測定を行い、体積分布から算術した体積平均粒径を求めた。
樹脂層の膜厚の測定には、レーザー光にて円筒の外径を測定するレーザー寸法測定器(コントローラ:「LS-5500」(商品名、株式会社キーエンス社製)及びセンサーヘッド:「LS-5040T」(商品名、株式会社キーエンス社製))を用いた。現像剤担持体固定治具及び現像剤担持体送り機構を取り付けた装置にセンサー部を別途固定し、現像剤担持体の外径寸法を測定した。測定は、現像剤担持体長手方向に対し30分割して30箇所測定し、更に現像剤担持体を周方向に90°回転させた後更に30箇所、計60箇所について行った。得られた測定値の平均値を当該試料の外径寸法とした。樹脂層形成前に基体の外径を測定しておき、樹脂層形成後に再び外径を測定し、その差分を樹脂層の膜厚とした。
粒径測定装置:「コールターマルチサイザーIII」(商品名、ベックマン・コールター社製)を用いて測定した。電解液としては、1級塩化ナトリウムを用いて調製した約1%NaCl水溶液を使用した。電解液約100ml中に、分散剤としてアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩約0.5mlを加え、さらに測定試料約5mgを加え試料を懸濁する。試料を懸濁した電解液は、超音波分散器で約1分間分散処理を行い、前記測定装置により、100μmアパーチャーを用いて、測定試料の体積、個数を測定して体積分布と個数分布とを算出した。この結果より、体積分布から求めた質量基準の質量平均粒径(D4)を求めた。
<<アクリル樹脂溶液A-1の製造例A-1>>
撹拌機、冷却器、温度計、窒素導入管及び滴下ロートを付した4つ口セパラブルフラスコ内で、以下の材料を混合し、系が均一になるまで攪拌した。
・ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート(3級アミノ基含有モノマー):31.0質量部、
・ラウリルブロマイド(4級化剤):49.1質量部、
・イソプロピルアルコール:50質量部。
使用する共重合成分を表1に示した成分としたこと以外は、製造例A-1と同様にして、アクリル樹脂溶液A-2~A-29、a-30~a-33を得た。なお、A-4,A-15,A-17,A-25,A-29は重合反応終了後、イオン交換樹脂によりアニオンを臭素イオンからp-トルエンスルホン酸イオン、またはメタンスルホン酸イオンに交換した。製造例A-1と同様に分析した加熱乾燥後のアクリル樹脂の構造を表2に示す。
現像剤担持体に用いるアクリル樹脂以外のその他樹脂、導電性粒子及び凹凸付与粒子として以下の表A、表B及び表Cに示すものを使用した。
<現像剤担持体E-1の製造>
現像剤担持体E-1を以下の方法により製造した。先ず、下記の各材料を、混合し、サンドミル:「横型レディーミルNVM-03」(商品名、アイメックス社製)(直径1.0mmのガラスビーズを充填率85%)にて分散処理し、塗工液を得た。
・アクリル樹脂溶液A-1:固形分100質量部(溶液として250質量部)、
・導電性粒子C-1:6.7質量部、
・導電性粒子C-2:60質量部、
・凹凸付与粒子D-2:10質量部、
・イソプロピルアルコール:200質量部。
得られた現像剤担持体E-1にマグネットローラを組み付け、これをプリンター:「LASER JET4350」(商品名、ヒューレットパッカード社製)の純正カートリッジに組み込み、現像装置とした。これを上記プリンターに搭載し、下記の画像評価を行った。画像評価は、高温高湿環境(温度32.5℃、湿度80%RH;H/H)で実施した。尚、画像評価には、レターサイズの用紙「Business4200」(商品名、XEROX社製;75g/m2)を使用し、印字比率3%の文字画像をA4サイズの普通紙を縦送り(A4 portrait)で5万枚まで連続複写の画出し試験を行った。その結果を表4に示す。尚、(1)乃至(3)の画像評価は、それぞれ初期と5万枚画出し後に行った。
反射濃度計:「RD918」(商品名、マクベス社製)を使用し、ベタ画像を印字した際のベタ黒部の濃度を5点測定し、算術平均値を画像濃度とした。また、初期と5万枚画出し後の画像濃度の低下率を算出した。
ハーフトーン及びベタ黒画像を出力し、画像進行方向に走る、線状、帯状の濃度差について、下記基準にて評価した。濃度ムラは下記基準に基づいてランク付けを行い評価した。
A:画像にもスリーブ上にも濃度差が全く確認できない。
B:ハーフトーン画像上では軽微な濃度差が確認でき、ベタ黒画像上では確認できない。C:ベタ黒画像上で軽微な濃度差が確認でき、ハーフトーン画像上に目視で濃度差のわかる帯が確認される。
D:ハーフトーン画像上に反射濃度計で明確に測定できる濃度差が帯状に現れ、ベタ黒画像上でも目視で濃度差が確認できる。
フォントサイズが4Pの図4に示す漢字(Chinese Character)の画像を出力し、当該画像の周囲へのトナーの飛び散りや当該画像のカスレを目視で観察し、下記基準にて画質を評価した。
A:倍率が10倍のルーペで見ても飛び散りのない鮮明な画像である。
B:目視で見る限り鮮明な画像である。
C:若干飛び散りが見られるものの実用上問題ない。
D:飛び散り目立ち、文字のカスレが確認できる。
<現像剤担持体E-2~E-31、F-32~F-35の製造>
塗工液をそれぞれ表3に示したものを用いた他は、実施例1と同様に現像剤担持体E-2~E-31、F-32~F-35を作製した。
得られた現像剤担持体E-2~E-31、F-32~F-35を実施例1と同様にカートリッジに組み込み、現像装置を得た。これらの現像装置を実施例1と同様にプリンターに搭載し、実施例1と同様に画像評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。
<現像剤担持体G-36の製造>
塗工液の組成を以下に示す割合とし、その他は実施例1と同様にして塗工液を得た。
・アクリル樹脂溶液A-1:固形分50質量部(溶液として125質量部)、
・フェノール樹脂:固形分50質量部(溶液として83.3質量部)、
・導電性粒子C-1:4質量部、
・導電性粒子C-2:36質量部、
・凹凸付与粒子D-1:12質量部、
・イソプロピルアルコール:175質量部。
得られた現像剤担持体G-36にマグネットローラを挿入し、両端にフランジを取り付けて、電子写真画像形成装置:「iR2545」(商品名、キヤノン株式会社製)の現像器の現像ローラとして装着した。なお、磁性ドクターブレードと現像剤担持体G-36との間隙は220μmとした。これを、上記の電子写真画像形成装置に搭載し、下記の画像評価を行った。画像評価は、高温高湿環境(温度30℃、湿度80%RH;H/H)で実施した。尚、画像評価には、A4サイズの普通紙:「CSー680」(商品名、キヤノン社製;68g/m2)を使用し、印字比率3%の文字画像をA4サイズの普通紙を横送り(A4 landscape)で50万枚まで連続複写の画出し試験を行った。その結果を表6に示す。
<現像剤担持体G-37~G-46、H-47~H-50の製造>
塗工液をそれぞれ表5に示したものを用いた他は、実施例32と同様に現像剤担持体G-37~G-46、H-47~H-50を作製した。
得られた現像剤担持体G-37~G-46、H-47~H-50を実施例32と同様に現像器に組み込み、現像装置を得た。これらの現像装置を実施例32と同様に電子写真画像形成装置に搭載し、実施例32と同様に画像評価を行った。結果を表6に示す。
<現像剤担持体I-51の製造>
塗工液の組成を以下に示す割合とし、その他は実施例1と同様にして塗工液を得た。
・アクリル樹脂溶液A-1:固形分100質量部(溶液として250質量部)、
・導電性粒子C-1:3.3質量部、
・導電性粒子C-2:30質量部、
・凹凸付与粒子D-1:10質量部、
・イソプロピルアルコール:100質量部。
得られた現像剤担持体l-51をプリンター:「LBP2160」(商品名、キヤノン株式会社製)のマゼンタカートリッジ:「EP82」(商品名、キヤノン株式会社製)に組み込み、現像装置とした。これを上記プリンターに搭載し、下記の画像評価を行った。なお、トナーへの規制を強めるため、現像剤担持体長手方向にトナー規制ブレードの接触圧を線圧で30g/cmとした。画像評価は、高温高湿環境(温度32.5℃、湿度80%RH;H/H)で実施した。尚、画像評価には、レターサイズの用紙:「Business4200」(商品名、XEROX社製;75g/m2)を使用し、印字比率3%の文字画像をA4サイズの普通紙を縦送り(A4 portrait)で3万枚まで連続複写の画出し試験を行った。その結果を表8に示す。
<現像剤担持体J-52~J-53の製造>
塗工液の組成を表7に示す割合とした他は、実施例43と同様にして現像剤担持体J-52~J-53を作製した。
得られた現像剤担持体J-52~J-53を実施例43と同様にカートリッジに組み込み、現像装置を得た。これらの現像装置を実施例43と同様にプリンターに搭載し、実施例43と同様に画像評価を行った。結果を表8に示す。
102 基体
103 現像スリーブ
104 マグネットローラ
105 現像剤担持体
106 静電潜像担持体(感光体ドラム)
107 現像剤層厚規制部材(磁性ブレード)
108 現像バイアス電源
109 現像容器
110 攪拌搬送部材
111 第二室
112 第一室
113 仕切り部材
114 攪拌部材
115 現像剤供給部材
Claims (5)
- 基体及び樹脂層を有し、該樹脂層は、下記式(1)で示されるユニット、下記式(2)で示されるユニットおよび下記式(3)で示されるユニットを有するアクリル樹脂と導電性粒子とを含有していることを特徴とする現像剤担持体:
- 前記式(2)で示されるユニットのR5、R6およびR7の少なくとも一つが、炭素数8乃至18のアルキル基である請求項1に記載の現像剤担持体。
- 基体及び樹脂層を有する現像剤担持体の製造方法において、該樹脂層は、アクリル樹脂、及び導電性粒子を少なくとも含有しており、該アクリル樹脂は、下記重合反応〔A〕及び〔B〕により得られることを特徴とする現像剤担持体の製造方法:
重合反応〔A〕;下記式(5)で示されるモノマー及び下記式(6)で示されるモノマーのラジカル重合反応、
重合反応〔B〕;下記式(5)で示されるモノマーの水酸基同士の脱水重縮合反応、
- トナー粒子を有する負帯電性の現像剤と、該現像剤を収容している容器と、該容器に貯蔵された該現像剤を担持搬送するための現像剤担持体と、現像剤層厚規制部材とを有する現像装置であって、該現像剤担持体が、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の現像剤担持体であることを特徴とする現像装置。
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KR1020127028713A KR101375418B1 (ko) | 2010-04-09 | 2011-03-28 | 현상제 담지체, 그 제조 방법 및 현상 장치 |
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WO2013035254A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像剤担持体および現像装置 |
EP2690501A1 (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2014-01-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Conductive member for electrophotography |
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KR101417553B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-28 | 2014-07-08 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | 현상제 담지체 및 현상 장치 |
WO2013018367A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像剤担持体、その製造方法及び現像装置 |
JP5843744B2 (ja) | 2011-10-31 | 2016-01-13 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像剤担持体及びその製造方法、並びに現像装置 |
CN103890662B (zh) | 2011-10-31 | 2017-03-29 | 佳能株式会社 | 显影剂承载构件、其制造方法和显影装置 |
JP6512971B2 (ja) | 2015-07-09 | 2019-05-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真用部材、現像装置及び画像形成装置 |
JP6463534B1 (ja) | 2017-09-11 | 2019-02-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像剤担持体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
JP7134622B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-05 | 2022-09-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置の製造方法 |
JP7199881B2 (ja) | 2018-08-31 | 2023-01-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像ローラ、電子写真プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真用画像形成装置 |
WO2020184312A1 (ja) | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像剤担持体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真画像形成装置 |
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CN102834784B (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2557458B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
KR20130028926A (ko) | 2013-03-20 |
JP4818475B1 (ja) | 2011-11-16 |
JP2011232744A (ja) | 2011-11-17 |
US8372570B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
KR101375418B1 (ko) | 2014-03-17 |
EP2557458A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
CN102834784A (zh) | 2012-12-19 |
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