WO2011115338A1 - 중합된 메조겐을 함유하는 배향 조절막을 구비하는 액정 표시 장치 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
중합된 메조겐을 함유하는 배향 조절막을 구비하는 액정 표시 장치 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/533—Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C69/54—Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133726—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films made of a mesogenic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
- G02F1/1395—Optically compensated birefringence [OCB]- cells or PI- cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display device, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal display device.
- Liquid crystal displays are a type of flat panel display, and are widely used in comparison with other flat panel displays due to their thinness, lightness, and low power consumption.
- an alignment layer is introduced to align the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to have a specific pretilt angle.
- the alignment film currently in use is difficult to give sufficient anchoring force to the liquid crystal molecules, which may be an obstacle in improving the response speed and display quality.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device with improved response speed and display quality.
- an aspect of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other.
- the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the substrates.
- a first alignment layer is positioned between the liquid crystal layer and the first substrate.
- a second alignment layer is positioned between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate.
- At least one of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer includes a double layer of an alignment base layer and an alignment control layer.
- the alignment base film is a film oriented to have a pretilt, and the alignment control film has a polymerized mesogen.
- the alignment control layer may have a phase delay value of 0.1 times or less of the phase delay value of the liquid crystal layer.
- the alignment control layer may have a larger anchoring energy than the alignment base layer.
- the alignment base layer may be a photo-aligned layer.
- the liquid crystal display may further include a first electrode and a second electrode positioned between the first alignment layer and the first substrate, and the liquid crystal layer may include a liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy.
- the liquid crystal display may implement an IPS mode or an FFS mode.
- the polar angle of the pretilt of the alignment base layer may be different from the polar angle of the pretilt of the alignment control layer.
- the liquid crystal display may further include a first electrode positioned between the first alignment layer and the first substrate, and a second electrode positioned between the second alignment layer and the second substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer is positive.
- the liquid crystal which has dielectric constant anisotropy of can be provided.
- the liquid crystal display may implement a TN mode, an OCB mode, or an ECB mode.
- the polar angle of the pretilt of the alignment control film may be larger than the polar angle of the pretilt of the alignment base film.
- the liquid crystal display may further include a first electrode positioned between the first alignment layer and the first substrate, and a second electrode positioned between the second alignment layer and the second substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer is negative.
- the liquid crystal which has dielectric constant anisotropy of can be provided.
- the liquid crystal display may implement a VA mode.
- the polar angle of the pretilt of the alignment control film may be smaller than the polar angle of the pretilt of the alignment base film.
- the alignment base layer may include a first domain having a first alignment direction and a second domain having a second alignment direction.
- the polymerized mesogen may be a polymerized reactive mesogen represented by Formula 1 below.
- P1 and P2 are independently selected from acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy, and epoxy groups
- A1 and A2 are 1,4- Independently selected from phenylen and naphthalene-2,6-diyl groups
- Z1 is one of COO-, OCO- and a single bond
- n is one of 0, 1 and 2 .
- the reactive mesogen may be any one of those represented by the following Chemical Formulas 2 to 4.
- P1 and P2 are independently selected from acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy and epoxy groups.
- an aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.
- a first alignment base film oriented to have a pretilt is formed on the first substrate.
- a first reactive mesogen film containing a reactive mesogen is formed on the first alignment base film.
- the first substrate on which the first alignment base layer and the first reactive mesogen layer are formed is combined with a second substrate.
- a liquid crystal layer is formed between the combined first and second substrates.
- the reactive mesogen in the first reactive mesogen film is polymerized to form a first alignment control film including the polymerized mesogen.
- Polymerizing the reactive mesogen in the reactive mesogen film may be performed while an electric field is applied to the reactive mesogen film.
- the application of the electric field to the reactive mesogenic film may be performed by forming an liquid crystal layer and then applying an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode formed on at least one of the substrates.
- Polymerizing the reactive mesogen in the reactive mesogen film may be performed by irradiating the reactive mesogen film with light.
- Polymerizing the reactive mesogen in the reactive mesogen film may be performed after the liquid crystal layer is formed. Alternatively, the step of polymerizing the reactive mesogen in the reactive mesogen film may be performed before bonding the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the reactive mesogen film may be formed using a mixture containing a reactive mesogen and a solvent. Furthermore, the mixture forming the reactive mesogen film may further include a polymerization initiator. The reactive mesogen may be contained in an amount of less than 1 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture forming the reactive mesogen layer.
- a solvent may remain in the reactive mesogen film.
- a second alignment base layer oriented to have a pretilt may be formed on the second substrate.
- a second reactive mesogen layer containing a reactive mesogen may be formed on the second alignment base layer.
- the reactive mesogen in the second reactive mesogen film may be polymerized to form a second alignment control film including the polymerized mesogen.
- the alignment control film containing the polymerized mesogen can exert an enhanced orientation control force on the liquid crystals in contact with them, thereby stabilizing or fixing the director of the liquid crystal.
- the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal display device can be lowered, the response speed can be improved, and the black visibility and the like can be improved to improve the display quality.
- FIG. 1 to 3 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4 to 7 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a layout diagram illustrating a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- 11 to 14 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 16 is a sample for each sample prepared according to Preparation Examples 1 to 3, and It is a photograph showing the black visibility according.
- FIG. 17 is a graph illustrating response speeds of liquid crystal display devices according to Manufacturing Example 4 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 17 is a graph illustrating response speeds of liquid crystal display devices according to Manufacturing Example 4 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 18 is a graph illustrating response speeds of liquid crystal display devices according to Manufacturing Example 5 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 18 is a graph illustrating response speeds of liquid crystal display devices according to Manufacturing Example 5 and Comparative Example 2.
- 19 is a graph showing polar anchoring energy and azimuthal anchoring energy according to the concentration of reactive mesogen in the mixture forming the reactive mesogen film.
- FIG. 1 to 3 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the first substrate 10 may be a light transmissive substrate and may be a glass substrate.
- the first electrode 12 and the second electrode (not shown) parallel to each other may be formed on the first substrate 10.
- An electric field is formed between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode during the operation of the liquid crystal display.
- thin film transistors (not shown) may be formed on the first substrate 10.
- the electrodes 12 may be electrically connected to the thin film transistors, respectively.
- the electrodes 12 may be a transparent conductive film such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be formed on the electrodes 12.
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be formed using poly-amic acid, polyimide, lecithin, nylon, or polyvinylalcohol (PVA).
- PVA polyvinylalcohol
- the first alignment base film 14 is a film oriented by a physical rubbing method, a photoalignment method or a groove patterning method, and is a film capable of aligning liquid crystals (or mesogens) with a pretilt.
- the pretilt may have an angle and a direction, hereinafter, defined as a polar angle (0-180) and an azimuthal angle (0-360), respectively. That is, the pretilt may be interpreted to include both azimuthal angle (0-360) and polar angle (0-180).
- the azimuth angle means an angle in which the liquid crystal (or mesogen) director is inclined with respect to the reference in any direction in the plane parallel to the substrate.
- the polar angle means the angle between the substrate and the horizontal plane and the director of the liquid crystal (or mesogen).
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be a horizontal alignment base layer, a vertical alignment base layer, or a bilayer thereof.
- the horizontally oriented base film may impart a polar angle of about 4 to about 5 degrees to the liquid crystal (or mesogen)
- the vertically oriented base film may be a film that can impart a polar angle of about 89 to about 90 degrees to the liquid crystal (or mesogen). Can be.
- the stacking order and the thickness of the two alignment base layers are adjusted so that the first alignment base layer 14 is a liquid crystal (or mesogen). You can adjust the polar angle given to).
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be a layer in which the horizontal alignment base layer and the vertical alignment base layer are sequentially stacked, and the first alignment base layer 14 is largely adjusted compared to the thickness of the horizontal alignment base layer. It is possible to increase the polar angle that the alignment base film 14 imparts to the liquid crystal (or mesogen), and by adjusting the thickness of the vertical alignment base film to be smaller than the thickness of the horizontal alignment base film, the first alignment base film 14 is a liquid crystal. (Or mesogen) can reduce the polar angle.
- the azimuth angle of the pretilt given to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) can be changed for each domain, and the combination of the vertically aligned base film and the horizontally aligned base film in each of the plurality of domains is different.
- the polar angle of the pretilt given to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) can be changed for each domain. In this case, a multi-domain structure can be realized.
- the first alignment base layer 14 is formed so that the polar angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) is less than 2 degrees.
- the direction of the electric field generated between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode may be different from each other by disposing the first electrode 12 and the second electrode for each domain.
- the multi-domain structure can be realized as the angle formed between the direction of the electric field generated between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode and the azimuth angle of the pretilt applied to the first alignment base layer 14 is different for each domain. .
- the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be formed on the first alignment base layer 14.
- the first alignment base layer 14 and the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may form a first alignment layer BA.
- the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be formed by coating a mixture of reactive mesogens in a solvent on the first alignment base layer 14.
- the reactive mesogen may contain mesogen, which is a monomer or oligomer exhibiting liquid crystallinity, and polymerizable end groups each bonded to both sides thereof.
- the mesogen may be a "calamitic” mesogen with a rod or plate shape, or alternatively a "discotic" mesogen with a disc shape.
- the end groups may be acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy or epoxy regardless of each other.
- Examples of the reactive mesogens include compounds represented by the following formula:
- P1 and P2 are independently selected from acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy, and epoxy groups
- A1 and A2 are 1,4- Independently selected from phenylen and naphthalene-2,6-diyl groups
- Z1 is one of COO-, OCO- and a single bond
- n is one of 0, 1 and 2 .
- P1 and P2 are independently selected from acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy and epoxy groups.
- the solvent for forming the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be, for example, an aromatic solvent such as propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), toluene, or xylene.
- PMEA propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
- a polymerization initiator may be further contained in the mixture of the reactive mesogen and the solvent for forming the first reactive mesogen layer 16.
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, benzoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl peroctoate, dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl alkyl ether, acetophenone, benzophenone, or xanthone It may be a benzoin ether type or a benzyl ketal type polymerization initiator.
- Reactive mesogen may be contained in an amount of less than 1 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture for forming the first reactive mesogen layer 16.
- the thickness of the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be several nm to several tens of nm.
- the thickness of the first alignment base layer 14 may be several hundred nm.
- the mesogens in the first reactive mesogenic film 16 may be aligned according to pretilts applied to the first alignment base film 14.
- the mesogen in the first reactive mesogen film 16 is aligned with the azimuth angle of the mesogenic director according to the azimuth angle of the pretilt applied to the first alignment base film 14, and the first alignment base film 14
- the first polar angle of the mesogen director can be determined according to the polar angle of the pretilt given to As described above, when the first alignment base film 14 is formed such that the polar angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) is less than two degrees, the primary polar angle of the mesogen in the reactive mesogenic film 16 is reduced. May be less than two degrees.
- the solvent in the first reactive mesogenic film 16 can be removed by heat-treating the first substrate 10.
- the heat treatment may be performed, for example, at 60 degrees for 90 seconds.
- the step of removing the solvent may be omitted.
- a second alignment base layer 24 and a second reactive mesogen layer 26 containing a reactive mesogen are sequentially formed on the second substrate 20.
- the second alignment base layer 24 and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may form a second alignment layer UA.
- Materials and methods of forming the second alignment base layer 24 and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may include the first alignment base layer 14 and the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 described with reference to FIG. 1. It may be the same as the material for forming and the method for forming. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any one of the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may be omitted.
- the liquid crystal filling region may be defined by applying a sealant to either the first substrate 10 or the second substrate 20, and the liquid crystal injection hole may be formed at this time. Then, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are aligned and bonded so that the second alignment base layer 24 faces the first substrate 10. Subsequently, the liquid crystal injection hole may be immersed in a liquid crystal storage tank in a vacuum state and the vacuum may be released to form a liquid crystal layer 30 by injecting liquid crystal into the liquid crystal charging region, and then seal the liquid crystal injection hole. In this case, the reactive mesogen may be injected together with the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal charging region.
- the liquid crystals forming the liquid crystal layer 30 may be liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy, and in this case, the liquid crystal display may be a device in an IPS (In Plain Switching) mode or a FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode.
- the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be coupled such that the azimuth angles of the pretilt of the first alignment base layer 14 and the second alignment base layer 24 are parallel to each other.
- the liquid crystals adjacent to the alignment layers BA and UA are pretilt applied to the alignment layers BA and UA, specifically, the alignment base layers 14 and 24.
- the pretilt applied to the reactive mesogens in the alignment base layers 14 and 24 and / or the reactive mesogen layers 16 and 26 is less than 2 degrees
- the liquid crystal layer ( The polar angles of the directors of the liquid crystals adjacent to the alignment layers BA and UA among the liquid crystals 30 may be approximately horizontal to the substrates 10 and 20.
- first reactive mesogenic film 16 and / or the second reactive mesogenic film 26 react reactive mesogens in the reactive mesogenic films 16 and 26.
- first and second alignment control films 16 'and 26' containing polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a are formed.
- the light irradiation may be performed for about 30 minutes.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a formed in the alignment control layers 16 'and 26' have an arrangement corresponding to the pretilt imparted by the alignment base layers 14 and 24. Can be.
- the reactive mesogenic films 16 when photopolymerizing the reactive mesogens in the reactive mesogenic films 16 and 26 are omitted. , 26) may remain solvent.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a can be aligned to better match the pretilt imparted by the alignment base films 14 and 24.
- the photopolymerization may be performed in a state in which liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 30 are arranged by applying an electric field between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode (not shown).
- the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may have an enhanced orientation control force as compared to the anchoring energy of the alignment base layers 14 and 24.
- the alignment control layers 16 'and 26' may supplement or enhance the alignment control force.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a in the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may exert an enhanced alignment control force on the liquid crystals in contact with them, thereby stabilizing or fixing the director of the liquid crystals.
- the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal display device can be lowered, the response speed can be improved, and black visibility can be improved to improve display quality.
- phase delay value of any one of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ is small enough to hardly affect the phase delay value of the liquid crystal layer 30.
- the phase delay value of any one of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may represent 0.1 times or less of the phase delay value of the liquid crystal layer 30. This is expressed as the following equation.
- the thicknesses of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may be several nm to several tens of nm.
- n and d are the refractive index and thickness of the alignment control film, respectively, and n 'and d' are the refractive index and thickness of the liquid crystal layer, respectively.
- FIGS. 4 to 7 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment includes a liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and is similar to the manufacturing method described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 except for the following description.
- the first electrode 12 may be formed on the first substrate 10. Before forming the first electrode 12, a thin film transistor (not shown) may be formed on the first substrate 10. In this case, the first electrode 12 may be electrically connected to the thin film transistor.
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be formed on the first electrode 12.
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be formed using poly-amic acid, polyimide, lecithin, nylon, or polyvinylalcohol (PVA).
- PVA polyvinylalcohol
- the first alignment base film 14 is a film oriented by a physical rubbing method, a photoalignment method or a groove patterning method, and is a film capable of aligning liquid crystals (or mesogens) with a pretilt.
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be a horizontal alignment base layer, a vertical alignment base layer, or a bilayer thereof.
- the stacking order and the thickness of the two alignment base layers are adjusted so that the first alignment base layer 14 is a liquid crystal (or mesogen).
- the azimuth angle of the pretilt given to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) can be changed for each domain, and the combination of the vertically aligned base film and the horizontally aligned base film in each of the plurality of domains is different.
- the polar angle of the pretilt given to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) can be changed for each domain.
- a multi-domain structure can be realized.
- the polar angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) by the first alignment base layer 14 is formed to be 2 to 10 degrees.
- the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be formed on the first alignment base layer 14.
- the first alignment base layer 14 and the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may form a first alignment layer BA.
- the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be formed by coating a mixture of reactive mesogens in a solvent on the first alignment base layer 14.
- a polymerization initiator may be further contained in the mixture of the reactive mesogen and the solvent for forming the first reactive mesogen layer 16.
- Reactive mesogen may be contained in an amount of less than 1 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture for forming the first reactive mesogen layer 16.
- the thickness of the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be several nm to several tens of nm.
- the mesogens in the first reactive mesogenic film 16 may be aligned according to pretilts applied to the first alignment base film 14.
- the mesogen in the first reactive mesogen film 16 is aligned with the azimuth angle of the mesogenic director according to the azimuth angle of the pretilt applied to the first alignment base film 14, and the first alignment base film 14
- the first polar angle of the mesogen director can be determined according to the polar angle of the pretilt given to As described above, when the first alignment base film 14 is formed such that the polar angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) is 2 to 10 degrees, one of the mesogens in the first reactive mesogen film 16 is formed.
- the differential angle can be between 2 and 10 degrees.
- the solvent in the first reactive mesogenic film 16 can be removed by heat-treating the first substrate 10.
- the step of removing the solvent may be omitted.
- the second electrode 22, the second alignment base layer 24, and the second reactive mesogen layer 26 containing the reactive mesogen are sequentially formed on the second substrate 20.
- the second alignment base layer 24 and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may form a second alignment layer UA.
- Materials and methods of forming the second electrode 22, the second alignment base layer 24, and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may be described with reference to FIG. 4.
- the material for forming the alignment base layer 14 and the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be the same as the forming method. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any one of the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may be omitted.
- the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are aligned so that the second electrode 22 faces the first substrate 10 and then combines them.
- a liquid crystal is injected between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 to form the liquid crystal layer 30.
- a reactive mesogen may be injected together with the liquid crystal between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
- the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 30 may be liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy.
- the liquid crystals may be liquid crystals having a twisted nematic (TN) mode, an optically compensated bend (OCB) mode, or an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) mode. have.
- the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 cross each other with the azimuth angles of the pretilt of the first alignment base layer 14 and the second alignment base layer 24. As an example they may be combined to be orthogonal.
- the liquid crystals adjacent to the alignment layers BA and UA are pretilt applied to the alignment layers BA and UA, specifically, the alignment base layers 14 and 24.
- the first polar angle of the pretilt applied to the reactive mesogens in the alignment base layers 14 and 24 and / or the reactive mesogen layers 16 and 26 is 2 to 10 degrees as described above.
- the polar angles of the liquid crystals adjacent to the alignment layers BA and UA among the liquid crystals forming the liquid crystal layer 30 may be about 2 to about 10 degrees.
- liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 30 may be arranged by applying an electric field between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 22.
- the director of the liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy rotates in a direction parallel to the electric field direction.
- polar angles of the liquid crystals adjacent to the alignment layers BA and UA among the liquid crystals forming the liquid crystal layer 30 may also increase, and correspondingly, the reactivity in the reactive mesogenic layers 16 and 26 may be increased.
- the polar angle of mesogens may also increase.
- the degree of rotation of the liquid crystal director may vary according to the magnitude of the electric field applied between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 22, and thus the inside of the reactive mesogenic layers 16 and 26 may be changed.
- the degree of increase in the polar angle of reactive mesogens may vary.
- the first and second alignment control films 16 'and 26' containing the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a are formed.
- the light irradiation may be performed for about 30 minutes.
- the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may be pre-tilts that correspond to the arrangement state of the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 30, specifically, the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a having the second polar angle. It may contain.
- the second polar angles of the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a may be adjusted by varying the magnitude and / or light irradiation amount of the electric field applied between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 22.
- the second polar angle of the polymerized mesogen 16a in the first alignment control layer 16 ′ may be greater than the polar angle of the first alignment base layer 14 adjacent thereto
- the second alignment control layer ( The secondary polar angle of the polymerized mesogen 26a in 26 ') may be greater than the polar angle of the second oriented base film 24 adjacent thereto.
- First and second alignment control films 16 'and 26' containing (16a, 26a) may be formed.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a in the alignment control films 16 ′ and 26 ′ exhibit a second polar angle that is almost equal to the primary polar angle imparted by the alignment base films 14 and 24.
- the secondary polar angle of the polymerized mesogens may be somewhat different from the primary polar angle due to the change in the amount of light irradiation in the photopolymerization step.
- the reactive mesogenic films 16 when photopolymerizing the reactive mesogens in the reactive mesogenic films 16 and 26 are omitted. , 26) may remain solvent.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a are aligned (when applied with an electric field) to better match the arrangement of liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 30 or imparted by the alignment base films 14 and 24. It can be aligned to better match the pretilt fitted (unless field is applied).
- an electric field applied between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 22 is removed.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a in the alignment control layers 16 'and 26' may maintain the second polar angle even after the electric field is removed, and the alignment control layers 16 'and 26' may be It may have an enhanced orientation control force as compared to the anchoring energy of the alignment base layer (14, 24).
- the alignment control layers 16 'and 26' may supplement or enhance the alignment control force.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a in the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may exert an enhanced alignment control force on the liquid crystals in contact with them, thereby stabilizing or fixing the director of the liquid crystals.
- the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal display device can be lowered, the response speed can be improved, and black visibility can be improved to improve display quality.
- phase delay value of any one of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ is small enough to hardly affect the phase delay value of the liquid crystal layer 30.
- the phase delay value of any one of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may represent 0.1 times or less of the phase delay value of the liquid crystal layer 30. This is expressed as the following equation.
- the thicknesses of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may be several nm to several tens of nm.
- n and d are the refractive index and thickness of the alignment control film, respectively, and n 'and d' are the refractive index and thickness of the liquid crystal layer, respectively.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment is characterized by polymerizing reactive mesogens in a state in which substrates are not bonded to each other, except for the following description. It is substantially the same as the manufacturing method described with reference to 7.
- the first alignment base film 14 is oriented to give a pretilt.
- the polar angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) by the first alignment base layer 14 is formed to be 2 to 10 degrees.
- a first reactive mesogenic film is formed on the first alignment base film 14.
- the first alignment base layer 14 and the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 may form a first alignment layer.
- the mesogens in the first reactive mesogen film may be aligned according to the pretilt applied to the first alignment base film 14.
- the mesogen in the first reactive mesogenic film is aligned with the azimuth angle of the mesogenic director according to the azimuth angle of the pretilt applied to the first alignment base film 14, and is also imparted to the first alignment base film 14.
- the primary polar angle of the mesogen director can be determined.
- the first alignment base film 14 is formed such that the polar angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) is 2 to 10 degrees
- one of the mesogens in the first reactive mesogen film 16 is formed.
- the differential angle can be between 2 and 10 degrees.
- the solvent in the first reactive mesogenic film can be removed by heat-treating the first substrate 10.
- the step of removing the solvent may be omitted.
- the first alignment control layer 16 ′ may exhibit a second polar angle that is substantially equal to the primary polar angle imparted by the alignment base layer 14.
- the secondary polar angle of the polymerized mesogen 16a may be somewhat different from the primary polar angle due to the change in the irradiation amount in the photopolymerization step. In this way, polymerized mesogens having different secondary polar angles can be formed in a plurality of domains.
- the light irradiation may be performed for about 30 minutes.
- an electric field may be applied to the first reactive mesogenic film. This may be performed using an external electrode (not shown) different from the first electrode 12.
- the director of the reactive mesogen in the first reactive mesogen film may rotate in accordance with the electric field direction.
- the second polar angle of the polymerized mesogen 16a in the first alignment control layer 16 ' is more precisely controlled.
- the secondary polar angle of the polymerized mesogen 16a in the first alignment control layer 16 ′ may be greater than the polar angle of the pretilt of the first alignment base layer 14 adjacent thereto.
- the solvent may remain in the first reactive mesogenic film when photopolymerizing the reactive mesogen in the first reactive mesogen film.
- the polymerized mesogen 16a may be aligned to better match the pretilt imparted by the first alignment base film 14 (if no electric field is applied) or to better match the direction of the electric field. Can be applied (when electric field is applied).
- a second electrode 22, a second alignment base layer 24, and a second alignment control layer 26 ′ are formed on the second substrate 20.
- the second alignment control layer 26 ' contains a polymerized mesogen 26a, and the second alignment base layer 24 and the second alignment control layer 26' form a second alignment layer UA. can do.
- a material and a method of forming the second electrode 22, the second alignment base layer 24, and the second alignment control layer 26 ′ may be formed by the first electrode (described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 8). 12), the material for forming the first alignment base layer 14 and the first alignment control layer 16 ′ and the method of forming the same.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and any one of the first alignment control layer 16 ′ and the second alignment control layer 26 ′ may be omitted.
- the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are aligned so that the second electrode 22 faces the first substrate 10 and then combines them.
- a liquid crystal is injected between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 to form the liquid crystal layer 30.
- a reactive mesogen may be injected together with the liquid crystal between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
- the liquid crystals forming the liquid crystal layer 30 may be vertically rotated mode liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy, and as an example, twisted nematic (TN) mode, optically compensated bend (OCB) mode, or electrically controlled birefringence (ECB). Mode liquid crystals.
- the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 have an azimuth angle of the pretilt of the first alignment base layer 14 and the second alignment base layer 24 to cross each other.
- it may be combined to be orthogonal.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a and 26a in the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may exert an enhanced alignment control force on the liquid crystal adjacent thereto, thereby stabilizing or fixing the director of the liquid crystal.
- the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal display device can be lowered, the response speed can be improved, and the black visibility can be improved to improve the display quality.
- phase delay value of any one of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ is small enough to hardly affect the phase delay value of the liquid crystal layer 30.
- the phase delay value of any one of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may represent 0.1 times or less of the phase delay value of the liquid crystal layer 30. This is expressed as the following equation.
- the thicknesses of the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may be several nm to several tens of nm.
- n and d are the refractive index and thickness of the alignment control film, respectively, and n 'and d' are the refractive index and thickness of the liquid crystal layer, respectively.
- FIG. 10 is a layout diagram illustrating a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention and is limited to the first substrate.
- 11 to 14 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- 11 to 14 are cross-sections taken along cut line II ′ of FIG. 10.
- the liquid crystal display according to the present exemplary embodiment includes a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy and is substantially the same as the manufacturing method described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 except for the following description.
- the first electrode 12 may be formed on the first substrate 10.
- a thin film transistor TFT, a gate line GL, and a data line DL may be formed on the first substrate 10.
- a gate line GL and a gate electrode G protruding from the gate line GL may be formed on the first substrate 10.
- a gate insulating layer (not shown) may be formed on the gate electrode G, and a semiconductor layer AL may be formed on the gate insulating layer to cross the upper portion of the gate electrode G.
- the data line DL crossing the upper portion of the gate line GL and the source / drain electrodes SD1 and SD2 connected to both ends of the semiconductor layer AL may be formed.
- One of the source / drain electrodes SD1 and SD2 protrudes from the data line DL.
- the gate electrode G, the semiconductor layer AL, and the source / drain electrodes SD1 and SD2 constitute the thin film transistor TFT.
- the first electrode 12 is formed on the interlayer insulating layer on which the via hole VH is formed.
- the other one of the source / drain electrodes SD1 and SD2 that is, the thin film transistor TFT and the first electrode 12 are electrically connected.
- the unit pixel UP is defined by the intersection of the gate line GL and the data line DL, and the thin film transistor TFT and the first electrode 12 are disposed in the unit pixel UP. Can be.
- the first electrode 12 may not include an opening.
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be formed on the first electrode 12.
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be formed using poly-amic acid, polyimide, lecithin, nylon, or polyvinylalcohol (PVA). .
- PVA polyvinylalcohol
- the first inclination base film 14 is aligned to give a pretilt which can align the liquid crystal (or mesogen).
- a second portion of the first alignment base layer 14, that is, the first domain DM1, is oriented in the first direction R1, and another portion, that is, the second domain DM2, is different from the first direction R1. In the direction R2.
- the first orientation direction R1 and the second orientation direction R2 shown are exemplary and not limited thereto.
- This orientation may be performed using a physical rubbing method, photo-alignment method or groove patterning method, and the first domain DM1 in the first direction R1 while the second domain DM2 is covered with a mask.
- the second domain DM2 may be oriented in the second direction R2 while the second domain DM2 is oriented and the first domain DM1 is masked using a mask.
- the first alignment base layer 14 may be a horizontal alignment layer, a vertical alignment layer, or a double layer thereof.
- the stacking order and thickness of the two alignment layers are adjusted to impart the first alignment base layer 14 to the liquid crystal (or mesogen).
- the polar angle of the pretilt can be adjusted.
- the azimuth angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) can be changed for each domain, and the combination of the vertical alignment layer and the horizontal alignment layer is different in the plurality of domains.
- the polar angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) can be changed for each domain.
- the polar angle of the pretilt applied to the liquid crystal (or mesogen) by the first alignment base layer 14 is formed to be 80 to 90 degrees.
- the reactive mesogenic layer 16 may be formed on the first alignment base layer 14.
- the first alignment base layer 14 and the reactive mesogenic layer 16 may form a first alignment layer BA.
- the mesogen in the reactive mesogenic film 16 may be aligned according to the pretilt applied to the first alignment base film 14.
- the mesogen in the reactive mesogenic film 16 is aligned with the azimuth angle of the mesogenic director in accordance with the azimuth angle of the pretilt applied to the first alignment base film 14, and is further added to the first alignment base film 14.
- the primary polar angle of the mesogen director can be determined according to the polar angle given to the pretilt.
- the azimuth angle of the mesogen in the reactive mesogenic film 16 in the first domain DM1 may be in the first direction R1, and the reactive mesogenic film 16 in the second domain DM2.
- the azimuth angle of the mesogen in) may be the second direction R1.
- the polar angle of the pretilt which gives the 1st orientation base film 14 to a liquid crystal (or mesogen) is formed so that 80-90 degrees
- the primary polar angle of mesogen in the said reactive mesogenic film 16 may be 80-90. It can be around 90 degrees.
- the second electrode 22, the second alignment base layer 24, and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 are sequentially formed on the second substrate 20.
- the second alignment base layer 24 and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may form a second alignment layer UA.
- Materials and methods of forming the second electrode 22, the second alignment base layer 24, and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may be described with reference to FIG. 11. It may be the same as the material for forming the first alignment base layer 14 and the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 and the method for forming the same. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any one of the first reactive mesogenic layer 16 and the second reactive mesogenic layer 26 may be omitted.
- the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are aligned so that the second electrode 22 faces the first substrate 10 and then combines them.
- a liquid crystal is injected between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 to form the liquid crystal layer 30.
- a reactive mesogen may be injected together with the liquid crystal between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
- the liquid crystals forming the liquid crystal layer 30 have negative dielectric anisotropy, and accordingly, the liquid crystal display according to the present exemplary embodiment may implement a vertical alignment (VA) mode.
- VA vertical alignment
- the liquid crystals adjacent to the alignment layers BA and UA are pretilt applied to the alignment layers BA and UA, specifically, the alignment base layers 14 and 24.
- the pretilt applied to the reactive mesogens in the reactive mesogen films 16 and 26 may be the first direction R1.
- the azimuth angle of the liquid crystals adjacent to the first alignment layer BA among the liquid crystals forming the liquid crystal layer 30 may be in the second direction R2 in the second domain DM2.
- the liquid crystal layer 30 may be The polar angles of the liquid crystals adjacent to the alignment layers BA and UA among the liquid crystals may be about 80 to 90 degrees.
- liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 30 may be arranged by applying an electric field between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 22.
- the director of the liquid crystal rotates in a direction perpendicular to the electric field direction.
- the polar angles of the liquid crystals adjacent to the alignment layers BA and UA among the liquid crystals forming the liquid crystal layer 30 are reduced, thereby reducing the amount of reactive mesogens in the reactive mesogenic layers 16 and 26.
- the polar angle can also be reduced.
- the degree of rotation of the liquid crystal director may vary according to the magnitude of the electric field applied between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 22, and thus the inside of the reactive mesogenic layers 16 and 26 may be changed.
- the degree of reduction of the polar angle of reactive mesogens may vary.
- the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ are polymerized mesogen having a pretilt corresponding to an arrangement state of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 30 in a state where an electric field is applied, specifically, a secondary polar angle. (16a1, 16a2, 26a1, 26a2).
- the second polar angle of the polymerized reactive mesogens may be adjusted by varying the size and / or light irradiation amount of the electric field applied between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 22.
- the secondary polar angles of the polymerized mesogens 16a1 and 16a2 in the first alignment control layer 16 ′ may be smaller than the polar angles of the first alignment base layer 14 adjacent thereto
- the second alignment Secondary polar angles of the polymerized mesogens 26a1 and 26a2 in the control layer 26 ′ may be smaller than the polar angles of the second alignment base layer 24 adjacent thereto.
- First and second alignment control films 16 'and 26' containing (16a1, 16a2, 26a1, 26a2) may be formed.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a1, 16a2, 26a1, 26a2 in the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ are approximately equal to the primary polar angles imparted by the alignment base layers 14 and 24. Can represent the second polar angle.
- the secondary polar angles of the polymerized mesogens 16a1, 16a2, 26a1, and 26a2 may be somewhat different from the primary polar angles due to the change in the irradiation amount in the photopolymerization step.
- the reactive mesogenic films 16 when photopolymerizing the reactive mesogens in the reactive mesogenic films 16 and 26 are omitted. , 26) may remain solvent.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a1, 16a2, 26a1, 26a2 may be aligned (when applied with an electric field) or better aligned with the alignment state of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 30 or the alignment base films 14, 24. Can be aligned to better match the pretilt given by) (unless field is applied).
- the electric field applied between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 22 is removed.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a1, 16a2, 26a1, and 26a2 in the first and second alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may maintain the second polar angle even after the electric field is removed.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a1, 16a2, 26a1, and 26a2 maintain the azimuth angles applied to mesogens in the reactive mesogen films 16 and 26, and thus, in the first direction DM1.
- the azimuth angle of R1 may represent the azimuth angle of the second direction R2 in the second domain DM2.
- the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ may have an enhanced orientation control force as compared to the anchoring energy of the alignment base layers 14 and 24.
- the alignment control layers 16 'and 26' may supplement or enhance the alignment control force.
- the polymerized mesogens 16a1, 16a2, 26a1, and 26a2 in the alignment control layers 16 ′ and 26 ′ exert an enhanced orientation control force on the liquid crystals in contact with them, thereby stabilizing or fixing the directors of the liquid crystals. You can.
- the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal display device can be lowered, the response speed can be improved, and black visibility can be improved to improve display quality.
- electrodes are patterned or protrusions are formed at the lower part of the electrode, and the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal is different for each domain by adjusting the direction of the electric field on the liquid crystal, thereby realizing a multi-domain.
- the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal may be formed differently for each domain without performing the electrode patterning or the protrusion formation on the lower portion of the electrode. Thereby, it is not necessary to form cutouts, such as a slit, in a 1st electrode, and it is not necessary to form a projection part under an electrode.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and further, in order to further stabilize the director of the liquid crystal, electrode patterning or protrusion formation may be further performed on the lower portion of the electrode.
- An ITO layer was formed on the glass substrate to form an electrode, and a horizontal alignment film (AL-22620, JSR) was formed on the electrode to a thickness of 100 nm.
- a rubbing process was performed on the horizontal alignment layer.
- a mixture of a PGMEA solvent, a polymerization initiator (IRGACURE 651, Ciba Chemical Co., Ltd.), and a reactive mesogen (BASF Co.) was coated to a thickness of several nm to form a reactive mesogen film. At this time, the reactive mesogen was contained in the mixture at 0.5wt%.
- the alignment film and the reactive mesogenic film constitute an alignment control film.
- a sample was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that a reactive mesogen membrane was formed using a mixture containing 1 wt% of reactive mesogen.
- a sample was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that a reactive mesogen membrane was formed using a mixture containing 2 wt% of reactive mesogen.
- a sample was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that no reactive mesogenic membrane was formed.
- FIG. 15 is a photograph showing the coating characteristics of the alignment control film in each sample according to Preparation Examples 1 to 3, and Comparative Example 1
- Figure 16 is a sample for each prepared according to Preparation Examples 1 to 3, and Comparative Example 1 It is a photograph showing the black visibility according.
- FIG. 16 shows the black visibility after manufacturing the liquid crystal display device by bonding each sample (lower substrate) and the upper substrate according to Preparation Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 and injecting the liquid crystal between the substrates. It is a photograph measured.
- the concentration of the reactive mesogen in the mixture of the reactive mesogen mixed with PGMEA forming the reactive mesogen film is less than 1 wt%, the aggregation of polymerized mesogen does not appear. have. Accordingly, it can be seen that black visibility is further improved. Therefore, in order to improve the black visual image, the concentration of the reactive mesogen in the mixture forming the reactive mesogen film may be adjusted to less than 1 wt%.
- An ITO layer was formed on a first substrate, which is a glass substrate, to form a first electrode, and a first horizontal alignment layer (RN-2174, Nissan) was formed on the first electrode to have a thickness of 100 nm.
- the first horizontal alignment layer was optically aligned.
- a mixture of a PGMEA solvent, a polymerization initiator (IRGACURE 651, Ciba Chemical Co., Ltd.), and a reactive mesogen (BASF Co.) was coated to a thickness of several nm to form a first reactive mesogen film. Formed. At this time, the reactive mesogen was contained in the mixture at 0.7 wt% or less.
- a second horizontal alignment layer (RN-2174, Nissan) on the second electrode to a thickness of 100 nm
- the second horizontal alignment layer was optically aligned.
- the mixture was coated with a thickness of several nm on the photo-aligned second horizontal alignment layer to form a second reactive mesogen layer.
- the substrates were bonded and TN mode liquid crystals were injected.
- UV irradiation is applied to the first reactive mesogen film and the second reactive mesogen film to polymerize the reactive mesogens to contain polymerized mesogen.
- Orientation control films were formed.
- a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Production Example 4, except that the alignment control films were formed by polymerizing reactive mesogens by UV irradiation without applying an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode. .
- a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Preparation Example 4, except that the forming of the first and second reactive mesogenic films and the step of photopolymerizing them to form the alignment control films were omitted.
- FIG. 17 is a graph illustrating response speeds of liquid crystal display devices according to Manufacturing Example 4 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 17 is a graph illustrating response speeds of liquid crystal display devices according to Manufacturing Example 4 and Comparative Example 2.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal display device (b) according to Preparation Example 4 is equal to the response speed of the liquid crystal display device (a) according to Comparative Example 2, which does not form an alignment control layer, that is, a general TN mode liquid crystal display device. It can be seen that faster than.
- FIG. 18 is a graph illustrating response speeds of liquid crystal display devices according to Manufacturing Example 5 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 18 is a graph illustrating response speeds of liquid crystal display devices according to Manufacturing Example 5 and Comparative Example 2.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal display device d according to Manufacturing Example 5 is equal to the response speed of the liquid crystal display device c according to Comparative Example 2 which does not form an alignment control layer, that is, a general TN mode liquid crystal display device. It can be seen that faster than. As a result, it can be seen that the response speed can be improved without photoelectric polymerization of the reactive mesogenic films without forming an electric field between the electrodes.
- 19 is a graph showing polar anchoring energy and azimuthal anchoring energy according to the concentration of reactive mesogen in the mixture forming the reactive mesogen film.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (31)
- 서로 마주보는 제1 기판과 제2 기판;상기 기판들 사이에 위치하는 액정층;상기 액정층과 상기 제1 기판 사이에 위치하는 제1 배향막; 및상기 액정층과 상기 제2 기판 사이에 위치하는 제2 배향막을 포함하고,상기 제1 배향막과 상기 제2 배향막 중 적어도 하나는 선경사를 갖도록 배향된 배향 기저막과 중합된 메조겐을 갖는 배향 조절막의 이중층을 구비하는 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배향 조절막은 상기 액정층의 위상지연값의 0.1배 이하의 위상지연값을 갖는 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배향 조절막은 상기 배향 기저막에 비해 배향규제력(anchoring energy)이 더 큰 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배향 기저막은 광배향된 막인 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 배향막과 상기 제1 기판 사이에 위치하는 제1 전극과 제2 전극을 더 구비하고,상기 액정층은 양의 유전율 이방성을 갖는 액정을 구비하는 액정 표시 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 액정 표시 장치는 IPS 모드 또는 FFS 모드인 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배향 기저막의 선경사의 극각과 상기 배향 조절막의 선경사의 극각은 서로 다른 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 배향막과 상기 제1 기판 사이에 위치하는 제1 전극과 상기 제2 배향막과 상기 제2 기판 사이에 위치하는 제2 전극을 더 구비하고,상기 액정층은 양의 유전율 이방성을 갖는 액정을 구비하는 액정 표시 장치.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 배향 조절막의 선경사의 극각은 상기 배향 기저막의 선경사의 극각에 비해 큰 액정 표시 장치.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 액정 표시 장치는 TN 모드, OCB 모드, 또는 ECB 모드인 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 배향막과 상기 제1 기판 사이에 위치하는 제1 전극과 상기 제2 배향막과 상기 제2 기판 사이에 위치하는 제2 전극을 더 구비하고,상기 액정층은 음의 유전율 이방성을 갖는 액정을 구비하는 액정 표시 장치.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 배향 조절막의 선경사의 극각은 상기 배향 기저막의 선경사의 극각에 비해 작은 액정 표시 장치.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 액정 표시 장치는 VA 모드인 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항, 제8항, 및 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 배향 기저막은 제1 배향 방향을 갖는 제1 도메인과 제2 배향 방향을 갖는 제2 도메인을 구비하는 액정 표시 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 중합된 메조겐은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 반응성 메조겐이 중합된 것인 액정 표시 장치:[화학식 1]P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2,여기서, P1과 P2는 아크릴레이트(acrylate), 메타크릴레이트(methacrylate), 비닐(vinyl), 비닐옥시(vinyloxy) 및 에폭시(epoxy) 그룹 중에서 독립적으로 선택되는 것이고, A1과 A2는 1,4-페닐렌(phenylen)과 나프탈렌(naphthalene)-2,6-다일(diyl) 그룹 중에서 독립적으로 선택되는 것이며, Z1은 COO-, OCO- 및 단일 결합 중의 하나이고, n은 0, 1 및 2 중의 하나이다.
- 제1 기판 상에 선경사를 갖도록 배향된 제1 배향 기저막을 형성하는 단계;상기 제1 배향 기저막 상에 반응성 메조겐을 함유하는 제1 반응성 메조겐막을 형성하는 단계;상기 제1 배향 기저막과 상기 제1 반응성 메조겐막이 형성된 제1 기판을 제2 기판과 결합하는 단계;상기 결합된 제1 기판과 제2 기판 사이에 액정층을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 제1 반응성 메조겐막 내의 반응성 메조겐을 중합하여 중합된 메조겐을 구비하는 제1 배향 조절막을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막 내의 반응성 메조겐을 중합하는 단계는 상기 반응성 메조겐막에 전계가 인가된 상태에서 수행하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제18항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막에 전계를 인가하는 것은상기 액정층을 형성한 후, 상기 기판들 중 적어도 어느 하나에 형성된 제1 전극과 제2 전극 사이에 전계를 인가하여 수행하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제17항 또는 제19항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막 내의 반응성 메조겐을 중합하는 것은 상기 반응성 메조겐막에 광을 조사하여 수행하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막 내의 반응성 메조겐을 중합하는 단계는 상기 액정층을 형성한 후 수행하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막 내의 반응성 메조겐을 중합하는 단계는 상기 제1 기판과 상기 제2 기판을 결합하기 전에 수행하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법:[화학식 1]P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2,여기서, P1과 P2는 아크릴레이트(acrylate), 메타크릴레이트(methacrylate), 비닐(vinyl), 비닐옥시(vinyloxy) 및 에폭시(epoxy) 그룹 중에서 독립적으로 선택되는 것이고, A1과 A2는 1,4-페닐렌(phenylen)과 나프탈렌(naphthalene)-2,6-다일(diyl) 그룹 중에서 독립적으로 선택되는 것이며, Z1은 COO-, OCO- 및 단일 결합 중의 하나이고, n은 0, 1 및 2 중의 하나이다.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막은 반응성 메조겐과 용제를 함유하는 혼합물을 사용하여 형성하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막을 형성하는 혼합물은 중합 개시제를 더 포함하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막을 형성하는 혼합물의 전체 중량에 대해 상기 반응성 메조겐은 1wt% 미만으로 함유되는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제25항에 있어서,상기 반응성 메조겐막 내의 반응성 메조겐을 중합할 때, 상기 반응성 메조겐막 내에 용제가 잔존하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 배향 기저막은 광배향된 막인 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 배향 기저막은 제1 배향 방향을 갖는 제1 도메인과 제2 배향 방향을 갖는 제2 도메인을 구비하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 제1 기판과 상기 제2 기판을 결합하기 전에, 상기 제2 기판 상에 선경사를 갖도록 배향된 제2 배향 기저막을 형성하는 단계, 및 상기 제2 배향 기저막 상에 반응성 메조겐을 함유하는 제2 반응성 메조겐막을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하고,상기 제2 반응성 메조겐막 내의 반응성 메조겐을 중합하여 중합된 메조겐을 구비하는 제2 배향 조절막을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 액정 표시 장치의 제조방법.
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KR100711901B1 (ko) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-04-27 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 액정배향 공중합체 및 이를 이용한 액정표시소자 |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2014038332A (ja) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-02-27 | Lg Chem Ltd | 液晶配向膜およびこれを含む液晶セル |
KR101545725B1 (ko) * | 2012-08-20 | 2015-08-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 액정 배향막 및 이를 포함하는 액정 셀 |
US9201271B2 (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2015-12-01 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Liquid crystal alignment layer and liquid crystal cell comprising the same |
KR20190030842A (ko) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-03-25 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 광반응성기를 가지는 배향유도형 액정 단량체, 그를 이용한 액정의 수평배향방법 및 그로부터 제조된 액정표시장치 |
KR20190075705A (ko) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-07-01 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 수평배향 유도용 액정 조성물, 그를 이용한 수평배향형 액정표시장치의 제조방법 및 그 액정표시장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101725997B1 (ko) | 2017-04-12 |
CN102985872A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
CN102985872B (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
US9551902B2 (en) | 2017-01-24 |
US20130050624A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
KR20110104416A (ko) | 2011-09-22 |
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