WO2011115244A1 - 板状ワークの成形方法および成形体 - Google Patents
板状ワークの成形方法および成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011115244A1 WO2011115244A1 PCT/JP2011/056523 JP2011056523W WO2011115244A1 WO 2011115244 A1 WO2011115244 A1 WO 2011115244A1 JP 2011056523 W JP2011056523 W JP 2011056523W WO 2011115244 A1 WO2011115244 A1 WO 2011115244A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- workpiece
- forming
- shim
- bending
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
- B21D11/08—Bending by altering the thickness of part of the cross-section of the work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
- B21D11/20—Bending sheet metal, not otherwise provided for
- B21D11/206—Curving corrugated sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
- B21D11/02—Bending by stretching or pulling over a die
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/1241—Nonplanar uniform thickness or nonlinear uniform diameter [e.g., L-shape]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a plate-shaped workpiece and a molded body.
- the outer plate applied to the fuselage of civil aircraft has been made lighter by using aluminum alloy plates, and processing to partially thin the plate material for further weight reduction, that is, wall thinning (wall thinning).
- body shape of an aircraft is shape
- molding method there exists the method currently disclosed by the following patent documents 1, 2, for example.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of performing thinning by machining after forming an outer plate in a flat plate state.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of forming a plate-like workpiece by projecting a shot material onto the plate-like workpiece to give a predetermined curvature, and the plate-like workpiece before forming to give a predetermined curvature.
- a molding method that includes a pre-process for adjusting the plate thickness necessary for the product to function as a product after molding, and a step of projecting shot material onto a plate-like workpiece that has undergone the pre-process to give a predetermined curvature. Has been.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a method for forming a plate-like workpiece and a molded body capable of improving production efficiency and suppressing the generation of industrial waste. To do. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a plate-like workpiece and a formed body that can provide reproducibility with excellent forming accuracy.
- the method for forming a plate-like workpiece according to the present invention includes a step of forming a recess on one surface of the plate-like workpiece, and a step of bending a plate member against the plate-like workpiece.
- the first aspect of the forming method of the present invention includes a step of providing a concave portion on the concave surface (surface to be formed into a concave surface) side of the plate-like workpiece, and the plate-like workpiece is pressed or rolled and bent from one surface to the other. Bending to the side of the surface.
- the concave surface in the present invention refers to one surface (first surface) to be formed into a concave surface by bending out of two flat side surfaces of the plate-like workpiece, and the convex surface is formed into a convex surface by bending. It refers to the other surface (second surface) to be done.
- the first aspect of the molding method of the present invention includes a step of forming a recess on a first surface of a plate-shaped workpiece, the plate-shaped workpiece, the first surface being a concave surface, and the second surface being a convex surface. Thus, it has a process of bending by press or roll bending.
- the second aspect of the molding method of the present invention includes a step of forming a recess on the first surface of the plate-like workpiece, and a state in which a convex mold member is brought into contact with the first surface of the plate-like workpiece. Bending the plate-shaped workpiece so that the first surface is concave and the second surface is convex by applying a tensile force to the plate-shaped workpiece while maintaining.
- the molded body according to the present invention is manufactured by the above-described plate-shaped workpiece molding method.
- the thinning of the plate-like workpiece is performed in a flat plate state before the plate-like workpiece is bent, machining using an end mill can be performed with a normal three-axis machining apparatus.
- a large-diameter end mill can be used, the time required for the thinning can be shortened and the production efficiency can be improved.
- no waste liquid is generated as in the case of chemical milling, and chips generated by cutting of the end mill can be reused as scrap. Can be suppressed.
- the plate-like workpiece that has undergone the thinning process is bent using a press machine or a roll bending machine, or by applying a tensile force to the plate-like workpiece to form a shot material.
- the reproducibility of the forming accuracy is excellent, and correction of the plate material is unnecessary, so that the forming time can be shortened.
- a plurality of recesses may be formed on one surface of the plate-like workpiece at a predetermined interval.
- the plate-like workpiece can be bent to a constant curvature by forming a plurality of concave portions on one side surface of the plate-like workpiece with a predetermined interval.
- the method for forming a plate-like workpiece according to the present invention may include a step of inserting a shim made of a material having a shape corresponding to the depression and having a Young's modulus smaller than that of the plate-like workpiece into the depression.
- a shim made of a material having a shape corresponding to the depression and having a Young's modulus smaller than that of the plate-like workpiece into the depression.
- the bending radius at the thinned portion where the concave portion is formed approaches the bending radius of the regular portion where the concave portion is not formed, so there is no difference in the bending shape between the thinned portion and the regular portion, and the curved portion is curved into a polygonal shape. Therefore, a smooth concave shape can be obtained.
- the shim may be loosely fitted to the recess.
- the shim's elastic deformation is absorbed by the shim's minus tolerance, so that the adhesion between the shim and the recess is enhanced. Even if it exists, it can prevent that a shim remove
- the shim may be a bakelite made of a material having a Young's modulus lower than that of the workpiece and having a Young's modulus of 7 to 10 GPa.
- the present invention by using a shim made of bakelite having a Young's modulus of 7 to 10 GPa, it is possible to obtain better adhesion performance with respect to the recess. That is, it is possible to suppress problems such that the shim is less bent and the followability to the recess is deteriorated and the adhesion is deteriorated, or on the contrary, the shim is bent too much and comes out of the recess.
- the recess may be formed in a step shape.
- the adhesion at the stepped portion can be further enhanced, the followability can be improved, and the plate-like workpiece Can be bent smoothly.
- the first ratio of the maximum cross-sectional area / minimum cross-sectional area of the vertical cross-section in the tensile direction of the plate-like work provided with the concave portion is the tensile strength / proof strength of the material. It may be equal to or smaller than the second ratio. In the present invention, as in the case where the first ratio is larger than the second ratio, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the fracture or the local thinning due to the generation of the stress greater than the tensile strength in the minimum cross section.
- the thinning of the plate-like workpiece is performed in a flat plate state before the plate-like workpiece is bent. Therefore, a machine using an end mill in a normal triaxial machining apparatus Processing becomes possible. Thereby, the improvement of manufacturing efficiency can be aimed at. Furthermore, the generation of industrial waste can be suppressed as compared with thinning by chemical milling.
- the bending work on the plate-like workpiece is performed using a processing machine such as a press machine or a roll bending machine, so that reproduction with excellent forming accuracy is achieved. Can have sex.
- the bending work on the plate-like workpiece is performed using a stretch molding machine that applies a tensile force to the plate-like workpiece, so that the molding accuracy is excellent. Reproducibility.
- FIG. It is a partial expanded sectional view of the recessed part periphery of the plate-shaped workpiece
- a plate-like workpiece 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a part of a cylindrical outer plate used for, for example, an aircraft fuselage, and is bent to a predetermined curvature by the molding method of the first embodiment.
- An aluminum alloy is used for the plate-like workpiece 1.
- the plate-like workpiece 1 corresponds to a “molded body” of the present invention.
- the upper side surface of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is made into the 1st surface (concave surface) 1a which should be shape
- the second surface (convex surface) 1b to be formed into a convex surface.
- the method for forming the plate-like workpiece 1 according to the first embodiment includes a thickness reducing step in which a plurality of pockets 11 (concave portions) are provided at predetermined intervals in the surface direction of the plate-like workpiece 1 on the first surface 1a side, and a press A bending process of bending the plate-like workpiece 1 from one surface to the other surface side, that is, from the second surface 1b to the first surface 1a side.
- the pocket 11 is disposed at a predetermined position on the first surface 1a of the plate-like workpiece 1 and has, for example, a substantially square shape in plan view, and is formed to have an appropriate thickness dimension by the above-described thinning process.
- the plate-like workpiece 1 that has undergone the thinning process is placed on the lower mold 21 of the press machine 2.
- the press machine 2 has a pair of upper and lower molds (lower mold 21 and upper mold 22), and the upper mold 22 moves up and down with respect to the fixed lower mold 21. Yes.
- the width dimension of the lower mold 21 and the upper mold 22 is larger than the width dimension of the plate-like workpiece 1.
- the lower mold 21 is provided with an opening recess 21 a at a position corresponding to the upper mold 22.
- the first surface 1a can be formed into a smooth concave shape, that is, the concave surface 1a can be formed on the plate-like workpiece 1.
- a plate-like workpiece 1 having a width dimension of 2 m, a length dimension of 6 m, and a plate thickness dimension t1 of about 4 mm and a 2024-T3 aluminum alloy is used locally.
- the end mill with a tool diameter of 50 mm is used to reduce the thickness by machining so that the thickness dimension t2 is 2 mm, and then the press machine 2 is used to bend into a cylindrical shape with a curvature radius of about 3 m.
- the thinning that forms the pockets 11 on the first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is performed before the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is bent. Since the process is performed in a state, machining using an end mill is possible with a normal triaxial machining apparatus. In addition, since a large-diameter end mill can be used, the time required for the thinning can be shortened and the production efficiency can be improved.
- the reduced thickness plate-like workpiece 1 is bent using the press machine 2, it has excellent reproducibility of molding accuracy compared to the conventional method of projecting shot material, and correction to the plate material is possible. Since it becomes unnecessary, the molding time can be shortened. In addition, since the thickness is reduced by machining, no waste liquid is generated as in the case of using chemical milling, and the waste generated by cutting the end mill can be reused as scrap. Can be suppressed.
- the plate-like workpiece forming method according to the second embodiment is the pocket formed on the first surface 1 a of the plate-like workpiece 1 after the thickness reducing step in the first embodiment described above. 11 and a step of inserting a shim 3 made of a material having a Young's modulus smaller than that of the plate-like workpiece 1.
- the same press machine 2 see FIG. 3 as that of the above-described embodiment is used, and therefore detailed description is omitted here.
- the shim 3 is preferably a material having high adhesion to the pocket 11 to be fitted and easily adaptable, and is preferably a member having a Young's modulus of 5 to 25 GPa, more preferably 7 to 10 GPa.
- the shim 3 is provided with a minus tolerance slightly smaller than the inner space of the pocket 11 and is loosely fitted to the pocket 11. That is, the shim 3 fitted in the pocket 11 is in a state in which sliding occurs due to elastic deformation in accordance with the force received from the outside while in close contact with the pocket 11.
- the first plate thickness dimension t1 (see FIG. 4) of the regular portion where the pocket 11 is not formed and the second plate of the thinned portion provided with the pocket 11 are used.
- the bending process can be performed in a state where the difference (plate thickness dimension difference ⁇ t) from the thickness dimension t2 (see FIG. 4) is eliminated.
- a shim 3 made of a material having a Young's modulus (for example, 5 to 25 GPa as described above) smaller than that of the plate-like workpiece 1 is inserted into the pocket 11 provided in the plate-like workpiece 1, so that the shim 3 is bent. Is curved by elastic deformation following the bending of the plate-like workpiece 1, it is possible to increase the bending radius after the plate-like workpiece 1 is molded. Therefore, since the bending radius at the thinned portion where the pocket 11 is formed approaches the bending radius of the regular portion, there is no difference in the bent shape between the thinned portion and the regular portion, and the polygonal shape (regular shape having a large plate thickness dimension) is eliminated. A smooth concave surface with a constant curvature can be obtained without bending in such a way as to form a polygon having a vertex as a vertex.
- a Young's modulus for example, 5 to 25 GPa as described above
- the shim 3 since the shim 3 is loosely fitted to the pocket 11, the elastic deformation of the shim 3 is absorbed by the minus tolerance of the shim 3 with respect to the pocket 11 when the plate-like workpiece 1 is bent. Therefore, the shim 3 can be prevented from being detached from the pocket 11 even during bending.
- bakelite as a material having a Young's modulus of 7 to 10 GPa as described above, better adhesion performance can be obtained.
- the Young's modulus of the shim 3 when the Young's modulus of the shim 3 is 25 GPa or more, the elastic deformation amount of the shim 3 is small and hardly deformed. Accordingly, the followability of the shim 3 with respect to the bending of the pocket 11 is deteriorated, a gap is generated between them, and the adhesion is lowered. On the other hand, when the Young's modulus of the shim 3 is less than 5 GPa, the elastic deformation amount of the shim 3 is easily deformed so that it is difficult to curve the plate-like workpiece 1 with a constant curvature.
- the plate-like workpiece forming method according to the third embodiment is a method in which the shape of the pocket 11 and the shim 3 in the forming method according to the second embodiment described above is changed.
- the thickness of the pocket 11 of the workpiece 1 is reduced by forming a stepped portion 11a at the corner (in this embodiment, one step), and the shim 3 having the stepped portion 3a corresponding to the stepped portion 11a is fitted into the pocket 11.
- a sheet-like protective material 4 made of urethane rubber or the like is disposed on the first surface 1 a of the plate-like workpiece 1 with the shim 3 fitted in the pocket 11.
- the same press machine 2 see FIG. 3) as that of the above-described embodiment is used, and therefore detailed description is omitted here.
- the followability of the step portion 3a of the shim 3 is enhanced by the step portion 11a of the pocket 11, the adhesion at the step portion can be further improved, and the plate-like workpiece 1 is smoothly bent with a certain curvature. be able to.
- the protective material 4 is merely placed on the first surface 1a, and has a stopper function to prevent the shim 3 that bends during bending from protruding from the pocket 11.
- the plate-like workpiece 1 is formed by a thinning process in which a plurality of pockets 11 (recesses) are provided at predetermined intervals in the surface direction of the plate-like workpiece 1 on the first surface 1a side, A bending step of performing a stretch molding in which a tensile force is applied to the first surface 1a side of the workpiece 1 while a convex portion of the lower mold 121 (mold member) is brought into contact therewith. That is, the molding method according to the fourth embodiment includes a thinning process for forming a plurality of pockets 11 on the first surface 1 a of the plate-like workpiece 1, and the protrusion of the lower mold 21 on the first surface 1 a of the plate-like workpiece 1.
- the plate-like workpiece 1 having the pockets 11 needs to have a strength capable of stretch molding. Therefore, the plate-like workpiece 1 is formed such that the first ratio e1 of the maximum cross-sectional area / minimum cross-sectional area of the vertical cross-section in the tensile direction after thinning is equal to or smaller than the second ratio e2 of the tensile strength / proof strength of the material.
- Use members As a result, as in the case where the first ratio e1 is larger than the second ratio e2 (e1> e2), a stress greater than the tensile strength acts on the minimum cross-section portion, and breakage and local thinning occur. Can be prevented.
- the pocket 11 is disposed at a predetermined position on the first surface 1a of the plate-like workpiece 1 and has, for example, a substantially square shape in plan view, and is formed to have an appropriate thickness by the above-described thinning.
- the method for forming the plate workpiece 1 will be described more specifically.
- a normal triaxial machining apparatus equipped with an end mill is used for the plate-like workpiece 1 in a flat state, and a predetermined portion is thinned by a predetermined depth (thickness dimension). Processing is performed to form a plurality of pockets 11 (see FIG. 1).
- the plate-like workpiece 1 has a width dimension of 2 m, a length dimension of 6 m, a sheet thickness dimension t1 of about 4 mm, and a 2024-T3 aluminum alloy member is used so that the sheet thickness dimension t2 is locally 2 mm. Further, the thickness can be reduced by machining using an end mill with a tool diameter of 50 mm.
- the plate-like workpiece 1 that has undergone the thinning process is placed on the lower mold 121.
- a stretch molding machine 102 for performing stretch molding includes the lower mold 121 having a convex curved surface 121 a with an appropriate curvature on the upper surface, and the plate-like workpiece 1 disposed on the lower mold 121.
- a pair of tensioning machines 122 and 123 that grip both end portions 1c and 1c and apply a tensile force F along the convex curved surface 121a are provided.
- the tension machines 122 and 123 face each other with the lower mold 121 interposed therebetween, and are disposed on both sides of the curved direction (tangential direction) of the convex curved surface 121a of the lower mold 121, and are set on the lower mold 121.
- the end 1c of the plate-like workpiece 1 can be gripped. Further, the tension machines 122 and 123 can reciprocate in the tangential direction so as to be close to and away from each other.
- the tension machines 122 and 123 are moved in directions away from each other to form the plate-shaped workpiece 1.
- the plate-like workpiece 1 is curved along the convex curved surface 121a while extending in the tangential direction.
- cylindrical bending can be performed on the flat plate-like workpiece 1, and the first surface 1 a can be formed into a smooth concave shape, that is, the concave surface 1 a can be formed on the plate-like workpiece 1.
- the plate-like workpiece 1 since the tension due to the tensile force F by the stretch molding machine 102 acts evenly on the entire surface of the plate-like workpiece 1, a large stress is applied to the thin portion where the thickness is reduced (thinned portion). Only a small stress is applied to a thick portion (regular portion where no pocket is formed). Therefore, it is necessary for the plate-like workpiece 1 to set the stress of the cross section of the normal part to be equal to or greater than the yield strength of the member and to be equal to or greater than the yield stress, and to reduce the stress of the thinned part to be equal to or less than the tensile strength.
- the first ratio e1 of the maximum cross-sectional area / minimum cross-sectional area of the vertical cross-section in the tensile direction of the plate-like workpiece 1 that has undergone the thinning process is the tensile strength of the material. / By using a molded member that is equal to or smaller than the second yield strength ratio e2, it is possible to perform suitable stretch molding that does not cause local thinning or cracking.
- the plate-like workpiece forming method according to the fifth embodiment is the pocket formed on the first surface 1 a of the plate-like workpiece 1 after the thinning step in the fourth embodiment described above. 11 and a step of inserting a shim 3 made of a material having a Young's modulus smaller than that of the plate-like workpiece 1.
- the same stretch molding machine 102 see FIG. 8) as in the fourth embodiment is used.
- the shim 3 is preferably a material having high adhesion to the pocket 11 to be fitted and easily adaptable, and is preferably a member having a Young's modulus of 5 to 25 GPa, more preferably 7 to 10 GPa.
- the shim 3 is provided with a minus tolerance slightly smaller than the inner space of the pocket 11 and is loosely fitted to the pocket 11. That is, the shim 3 fitted in the pocket 11 is in a state in which sliding occurs due to elastic deformation in accordance with the force received from the outside while in close contact with the pocket 11.
- the first plate thickness dimension t1 (see FIG. 9) of the regular portion where the pocket 11 is not formed and the second plate of the reduced thickness portion provided with the pocket 11 are used.
- the bending step can be performed in a state where the difference (plate thickness dimension difference ⁇ t) from the thickness dimension t2 (see FIG. 9) is eliminated.
- a shim 3 made of a material having a Young's modulus (for example, 5 to 25 GPa as described above) smaller than that of the plate-like workpiece 1 is inserted into the pocket 11 provided in the plate-like workpiece 1, so that the shim 3 is bent. Is curved by elastic deformation following the bending of the plate-like workpiece 1, it is possible to increase the bending radius after the plate-like workpiece 1 is molded. Therefore, since the bending radius at the thinned portion where the pocket 11 is formed approaches the bending radius of the regular portion, there is no difference in the bent shape between the thinned portion and the regular portion, and the polygonal shape (regular shape having a large plate thickness dimension) is eliminated. A smooth concave surface with a constant curvature can be obtained without bending in such a way as to form a polygon having a vertex as a vertex.
- a Young's modulus for example, 5 to 25 GPa as described above
- the shim 3 since the shim 3 is loosely fitted to the pocket 11, the elastic deformation of the shim 3 is absorbed by the minus tolerance of the shim 3 with respect to the pocket 11 when the plate-like workpiece 1 is bent. Therefore, the shim 3 can be prevented from being detached from the pocket 11 even during bending.
- bakelite as a material having a Young's modulus of 7 to 10 GPa as described above, better adhesion performance can be obtained.
- the Young's modulus of the shim 3 when the Young's modulus of the shim 3 is 25 GPa or more, the elastic deformation amount of the shim 3 is small and hardly deformed. Accordingly, the followability of the shim 3 with respect to the bending of the pocket 11 is deteriorated, a gap is generated between them, and the adhesion is lowered. On the other hand, when the Young's modulus of the shim 3 is less than 5 GPa, the elastic deformation amount of the shim 3 is easily deformed so that it is difficult to curve the plate-like workpiece 1 with a constant curvature.
- the curvature of the plate-like workpiece by bending was confirmed when a shim made of bakelite was fitted in the pocket.
- FEM analysis is used to create a model of a plate-like workpiece and shim, and the plate-like workpiece is bent and analyzed under the following conditions with the shim fitted in a pocket of a predetermined shape and size.
- the curvature of the plate workpiece was obtained by changing the Young's modulus for each shim. In addition, it can bend efficiently, so that the value of the curvature obtained by analysis is large.
- the first thickness t1 of the plate-like workpiece 1 is 6.87 mm
- the second thickness t2 is 2.51 mm
- the plate-like workpiece 1 has a Young's modulus of 72 Pa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.33.
- an elastic-plastic body having a density of 2.77 g / cm 3 and a yield stress of 324 MPa.
- the density of shim 3 was 1.32 g / cm 3 .
- the friction coefficient between the raw materials was 0.2
- the molding speed (feeding speed) was 10 mm / sec
- the feeding stroke was about 8.9 mm.
- molding method of the plate-shaped workpiece and embodiment of a molded object by this invention were demonstrated, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, It can change suitably in the range which does not deviate from the meaning. is there.
- the press machine 2 is employed in the bending process, but the present invention is not limited to this, and bending using a roll bending machine may be used.
- the stretch molding machine 102 used for the bending process in the fourth embodiment is not limited to the structure described in the present embodiment.
- bakelite is adopted as the shim 3, but it is not limited to this material, and other materials such as epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester, etc. You may use, and the member which filled these materials with glass fiber may be used.
- the shim 3 may be temporarily fixed to the pocket 11 with a double-sided tape or the like for the purpose of preventing the drop off. In short, it is only necessary that the shim 3 loosely fitted in the pocket 11 slips within the tolerance range and can be elastically deformed by bending.
- one step portion 11a is provided in the pocket 11 in the present embodiment, but the number of steps can be arbitrarily set, and two or more steps are provided in the step portion 11a. May be. For example, when the plate thickness of the plate-like workpiece 1 is large, a multi-stepped portion can be formed, and when the plate thickness is small, one step or no step can be formed.
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a plate-like workpiece and a molded body produced by the method.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while improving the manufacturing efficiency of the curved plate-shaped workpiece
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年3月18日に日本に出願された特願2010-62625号、および特願2010-62626号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
特許文献2には、板状ワークにショット材を投射して所定の曲率を与える板状ワークの成形方法であって、所定の曲率を与える成形を行う前の板状ワークに、その板状ワークが成形後に製品として機能するために必要となる板厚を調整する前工程と、その前工程を経た板状ワークにショット材を投射して所定の曲率を与える工程と、を含む成形方法について提案されている。
また、特許文献1では、一定の曲率で湾曲した外板に機械加工を施すため、ボールエンドミルを使用する必要があり、製造効率が低下することがある。
また、特許文献2では、ショット材を投射して成形する方法であり、精度に再現性をもたせるのが困難であり、修正が必要となることがある。
したがって、上述したような問題のない成形方法が求められており、その点で改良の余地があった。
また、本発明は、成形精度に優れた再現性をもたせることができる板状ワークの成形方法および成形体を提供することを目的とする。
本発明の成形方法の第一態様は、板状ワークの凹面(いずれ凹面に成形されるべき面)側に凹部を設ける工程と、前記板状ワークを、プレス又はロール曲げにより一方の面から他方の面の側へ曲げる工程とを有する。ここで、本発明における凹面とは、板状ワークの2つのフラットな側面のうち、曲げによって凹面に成形されるべき一方の面(第一面)を指し、凸面とは、曲げによって凸面に成形されるべき他方の面(第二面)を指す。即ち、本発明の成形方法の第一態様は、板状ワークの第一面に凹部を形成する工程と、前記板状ワークを、前記第一面が凹面をなし前記第二面が凸面をなすように、プレス又はロール曲げによって曲げ加工する工程とを有する。
また、機械加工による減肉であるので、ケミカルミーリングを使用する場合のように廃液が発生せず、しかもエンドミルの切削によって生じる切屑がスクラップとして再利用も可能であることから、産業廃棄物の発生を抑えられる。
本発明によれば、板状ワークの一方の側面に、複数の凹部を所定の間隔をおいて形成することにより、板状ワークを、一定の曲率に曲げ加工することができる。
本発明によれば、板状ワークに設けた凹部に板状ワークよりヤング率が小さいシムを挿入することにより、曲げ加工時にシムが板状ワークの曲げに追従して弾性変形により湾曲するため、板状ワークの成形後の曲げ半径を大きくすることが可能となる。そのため、凹部を形成された減肉部での曲げ半径が、凹部を形成されていない正規部の曲げ半径に近づくので、減肉部と正規部との曲げ形状に差が無くなり、多角形状に湾曲することがなく、滑らかな凹面形状を得ることができる。
本発明によれば、板状ワークを曲げたときに、凹部に対するシムのマイナス公差によって、シムの弾性変形が吸収されるので、シムと凹部との密着性が高められる、そのため、曲げ加工時であっても凹部からシムが外れることを防ぐことができる。
本発明によれば、ヤング率が7~10GPaのベークライトからなるシムを用いることで凹部に対してより優れた密着性能を得ることができる。つまり、シムの曲がりが少なく凹部に対する追従性が悪くなって密着性が低下したり、反対にシムが曲がり過ぎて凹部から抜け出したりするといった不具合を抑制することができる。
本発明では、シムにも凹部の階段状の段差部に対応する段部を設けることで、この段差部分での密着性をより一層高めることができ、追従性を高めることができ、板状ワークを滑らかに曲げることができる。
本発明では、第1比率が第2比率よりも大きい場合のように、最小断面部に引張強さ以上の応力が発生して、破断や局部減肉が発生するのを防止することができる。
また、本発明の板状ワークの成形方法の第一態様によれば、板状ワークに対する曲げ加工を、プレス機、ロール曲げ機などの加工機械を使用して行うので、成形精度に優れた再現性をもたせることができる。
また、本発明の板状ワークの成形方法の第二態様によれば、板状ワークに対する曲げ加工を、板状ワークに引張力を作用させるストレッチ成形機を使用して行うので、成形精度に優れた再現性をもたせることができる。
図1および図2に示す板状ワーク1は、例えば航空機の胴体部分に用いられる円筒形の外板の一部であり、本第一実施形態の成形方法によって所定の曲率に曲げ加工される。板状ワーク1にはアルミニウム合金が使用される。なお、板状ワーク1は、本発明の「成形体」に相当する。
ここで、図1乃至図3に示す第一実施形態においては、板状ワーク1の上側面を、いずれ凹面に成形されるべき第一面(凹面)1aとし、板状ワーク1の下側面を、いずれ凸面に成形されるべき第二面(凸面)1bとする。
即ち、本第一実施形態の成形方法は、板状ワーク1の第一面1aに複数のポケット11を形成する減肉工程と、板状ワーク1の第一面1aが凹に、第二面1bが凸になるように、板状ワーク1をプレス機を使って湾曲させる曲げ工程とを有する。
ポケット11は、板状ワーク1の第一面1aの所定位置に配置され、例えば平面視略四角形状をなし、上述した減肉工程により適宜な厚さ寸法となるように形成されている。
先ず、減肉工程において、図1に示す平板状態の板状ワーク1に対して例えばエンドミルを備えた通常の三軸機械加工装置を使用して、予め設定した箇所を所定深さ(厚さ寸法)にわたって切削し、複数のポケット11を形成する。
さらに、機械加工により減肉を行うので、ケミカルミーリングを使用する場合のように廃液が発生せず、しかもエンドミルの切削によって生じる切屑がスクラップとして再利用も可能であることから、産業廃棄物の発生を抑えられる。
図4および図5に示すように、第二実施形態による板状ワークの成形方法は、上述した第一実施形態における減肉工程の後、板状ワーク1の第一面1aに形成されたポケット11に対応する形状をなし、且つ板状ワーク1よりヤング率が小さい材料からなるシム3を挿入する工程を有する。なお、曲げ工程においては、上述した実施の形態と同様のプレス機2(図3参照)を使用するので、ここでは詳しい説明は省略する。
そして、シム3は、ポケット11の内空寸法より僅かに小さいマイナス公差で設けられ、ポケット11に対して緩み嵌めされている。つまり、ポケット11内に嵌合されたシム3は、ポケット11に対して密着しつつ、外部から受ける力に応じて弾性変形により滑りが生じる状態となっている。
そのため、ポケット11を形成された減肉部での曲げ半径が、正規部の曲げ半径に近づくので、減肉部と正規部との曲げ形状に差が無くなり、多角形状(板厚寸法の大きな正規部を頂点とした多角形を形成するような曲げ)に湾曲することがなく、曲率が一定の滑らかな凹面形状を得ることができる。
図6および図7に示すように、第三実施形態による板状ワークの成形方法では、上述した第二実施形態による成形方法のポケット11およびシム3の形状を代えた方法であって、板状ワーク1のポケット11に角部に階段状(本実施の形態では一段)の段差部11aを形成する減肉を行い、この段差部11aに対応する段部3aを有するシム3をポケット11に嵌合させる。また、ポケット11にシム3を嵌合させた状態で、板状ワーク1の第一面1aにウレタンゴム等からなるシート状の保護材4を配置する。
なお、曲げ工程においては、上述した実施の形態と同様のプレス機2(図3参照)を使用するので、ここでは詳しい説明は省略する。
なお、保護材4は、第一面1aに載せておくだけのものであり、曲げ加工時に曲がるシム3がポケット11から突出するのを抑える当て止めの機能をもたせている。
図8に示すように、第四実施形態による板状ワークの成形方法では、曲げ工程において、上述した第一実施形態のプレス機による曲げ加工に代えて、板状ワークに引張力を作用させるストレッチ成形を行う。
即ち、本第四実施形態の成形方法は、板状ワーク1の第一面1aに複数のポケット11を形成する減肉工程と、板状ワーク1の第一面1aに下金型21の凸部を当接させた状態を保ちながら、板状ワーク1に引張力を作用させる曲げ工程とを有する。なお、減肉工程においては、上述した第一実施形態と同様の加工を行うので、ここでは詳しい説明は省略する。
これにより、第1比率e1が第2比率e2よりも大きい場合(e1>e2)のように、最小断面部に引張強さ以上の応力が作用して、破断や局部減肉が発生するのを防止することができる。
先ず、減肉工程において、平板状態の板状ワーク1に対して例えばエンドミルを備えた通常の三軸機械加工装置を使用して、予め設定した箇所を所定深さ(厚さ寸法)により減肉加工を施し、複数のポケット11を形成する(図1参照)。
例えば、板状ワーク1として幅寸法2m、長さ寸法6m、板厚寸法t1が約4mmの形状で、2024-T3のアルミニウム合金の部材を用い、局部的に板厚寸法t2が2mmとなるように、工具径50mmのエンドミルを使用して機械加工により減肉を行うことができる。
これに対して、本実施の形態では、上述したように、減肉工程を経た板状ワーク1の引張方向の垂直断面の最大断面積/最小断面積の第1比率e1が材料の引張強さ/耐力の第2比率e2と同等或いは小さくなる成形部材を使用することで、局部減肉や割れ等が発生しない好適なストレッチ成形を行うことができる。
図9および図10に示すように、第五実施形態による板状ワークの成形方法は、上述した第四実施形態における減肉工程の後、板状ワーク1の第一面1aに形成されたポケット11に対応する形状をなし、且つ板状ワーク1よりヤング率が小さい材料からなるシム3を挿入する工程を有する。なお、曲げ工程においては、第四実施形態と同様のストレッチ成形機102(図8参照)を使用する。
そして、シム3は、ポケット11の内空寸法より僅かに小さいマイナス公差で設けられ、ポケット11に対して緩み嵌めされている。つまり、ポケット11内に嵌合されたシム3は、ポケット11に対して密着しつつ、外部から受ける力に応じて弾性変形により滑りが生じる状態となっている。
そのため、ポケット11を形成された減肉部での曲げ半径が、正規部の曲げ半径に近づくので、減肉部と正規部との曲げ形状に差が無くなり、多角形状(板厚寸法の大きな正規部を頂点とした多角形を形成するような曲げ)に湾曲することがなく、曲率が一定の滑らかな凹面形状を得ることができる。
なお、解析により得られる曲率が大きい値ほど効率よく曲げることができる。
例えば、第一、第二、第三の実施形態では、曲げ工程にプレス機2を採用しているが、これに限定されることはなく、ロール曲げ機を使用した曲げ加工であっても良い。また、第四実施形態で曲げ工程に使用したストレッチ成形機102は、本実施形態で説明した構造に限定されることはない。
第三の実施形態では本実施の形態ではポケット11に一段の段差部11aを設けているが、段差の数は任意に設定することが可能であり、段差部11aに二つ以上の段差を設けてもよい。例えば、板状ワーク1の板厚寸法が大きい場合には多段の段差部とし、板厚寸法が小さい場合には一段、あるいは段差無しとすることができる。
1a…凹面(第一面)、
2…プレス機、
3…シム、
3a…段部、
4…保護材、
11…ポケット(凹部)、
11a…段差部、
21…下金型、
22…上金型、
102…ストレッチ成形機、
121…下金型
Claims (12)
- 板状ワークの一方の面に凹部を形成する工程と、前記板状ワークに型部材を押し付けて曲げ加工する工程とを有する板状ワークの成形方法。
- 前記板状ワークを、前記一方の面が凹面をなし、その裏面が凸面をなすように、プレス又はロール曲げにより曲げ加工する請求項1に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 複数の前記凹部が、前記板状ワークの一方の面に、所定の間隔をおいて形成される請求項1又は2に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 前記凹部に対応する形状を有し、且つ前記板状ワークよりヤング率が小さい材料からなるシムを、前記凹部に挿入する工程をさらに有する請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 前記シムは、前記凹部に対して緩み嵌めされている請求項4に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 前記シムは、ヤング率が7~10GPaのベークライトである請求項4又は5に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 前記凹部は、階段状に形成されている請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 前記板状ワークの前記一方の面に前記型部材を当接させた状態を保ちながら前記板状ワークに引張力を作用させることにより、前記板状ワークを、前記一方の面が凹面をなし、その裏面が凸面をなすように曲げ加工する請求項1に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 複数の前記凹部が、前記板状ワークの一方の面に、所定の間隔をおいて形成される請求項8に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 前記凹部に対応する形状を有し、且つ前記板状ワークよりヤング率が小さい材料からなるシムを、前記凹部に挿入する工程をさらに有する請求項8又は9に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 前記凹部を設けた前記板状ワークは、引張方向の垂直断面の最大断面積/最小断面積の第1比率が、材料の引張強さ/耐力の第2比率と同等または小さい請求項8乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の板状ワークの成形方法。
- 請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の板状ワークの成形方法によって製造された成形体。
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BR112012023546A BR112012023546A2 (pt) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-18 | método de moldagem para peça de trabalho moldada em placa, e artigo moldado |
EP11756427.8A EP2548667B1 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-18 | Molding method for plate-shaped workpiece, and molded article |
CA2793530A CA2793530C (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-18 | Molding method for plate-shaped workpiece, and molded article |
CN201180014274.0A CN102802829B (zh) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-18 | 板状工件的成形方法及成形体 |
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JP2010062625A (ja) | 2008-09-01 | 2010-03-18 | Nec Personal Products Co Ltd | 画面データ送信装置及びその方法 |
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US20130309523A1 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2013-11-21 | Atsushi Sugai | Plate-shaped workpiece forming method and formed article |
US9757791B2 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2017-09-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Plate-shaped workpiece forming method |
CN109570352A (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-05 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | 一种单模多道次成形的钣金加工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2793530C (en) | 2017-12-12 |
US9616479B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
KR20120130263A (ko) | 2012-11-29 |
CA2793530A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
BR112012023546A2 (pt) | 2016-08-02 |
EP2548667A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
EP2548667B1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
CN102802829A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
CN102802829B (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
US20130008222A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
EP2548667A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
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