WO2011095058A1 - 一种种植结构及种植方法 - Google Patents

一种种植结构及种植方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011095058A1
WO2011095058A1 PCT/CN2011/000184 CN2011000184W WO2011095058A1 WO 2011095058 A1 WO2011095058 A1 WO 2011095058A1 CN 2011000184 W CN2011000184 W CN 2011000184W WO 2011095058 A1 WO2011095058 A1 WO 2011095058A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ridge
planting structure
planting
structure according
soil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/000184
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金季藩
郭永杰
Original Assignee
兰州金福乐生物工程有限公司
金星国际有限公司
春天有限公司
法国金金太平洋企业公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 兰州金福乐生物工程有限公司, 金星国际有限公司, 春天有限公司, 法国金金太平洋企业公司 filed Critical 兰州金福乐生物工程有限公司
Priority to EP11739337A priority Critical patent/EP2532223A1/en
Priority to JP2012551474A priority patent/JP2013518564A/ja
Priority to CA2789192A priority patent/CA2789192A1/en
Priority to BR112012019626A priority patent/BR112012019626A2/pt
Priority to AU2011213430A priority patent/AU2011213430A1/en
Priority to US13/577,347 priority patent/US20130031835A1/en
Priority to EA201270714A priority patent/EA201270714A1/ru
Publication of WO2011095058A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011095058A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a planting structure capable of significantly increasing the growth of wild and planted plants.
  • This planting structure can effectively improve the growth rate, yield, biomass, etc. of almost all plants on the earth, even several times, and at the same time improve and improve plant quality. Moreover, it also has the effects of improving soil removal of soil pollution and friendly environment. Background technique
  • Contemporary agriculture has been very developed and advanced in plant cultivation research and technological innovation.
  • the detection of plant growth and development results, quantitative and qualitative analysis, calculation, and control methods, methods and methods for water, fertilizer, gas, heat, leaves, rods, roots, etc. have achieved many breakthrough achievements.
  • China and other countries are quickly analyzing the nutrition of soil and plants; the fertilization techniques such as returning, slowing, controlling and releasing the orange stalks and the successful application; the rain-fed irrigation technology, the safety detection technology of plant products are also completely mature.
  • soil new energy structure technology
  • the planting structure provided by the invention comprises at least one ridge layer and at least one trench box connected to each other, and the trench tank is filled with an organic material, and the density of the organic filler is lower than the density of the soil.
  • the above planting structure may further include a plurality of ridge layer blocks and a plurality of groove tanks connected to each other, and the ridge layer blocks are spaced apart by the groove box body.
  • the ridge layer may be soil and/or other plant root supports.
  • the soil may be desert soil, desert soil, saline-alkaline soil, semi-salt alkaline soil, acid soil or loam.
  • the planting structure of the present invention is more effective in application to inferior soils such as desert soil, saline-alkali soil and acid soil, and it is even more than several times higher than conventional planting.
  • the other root supports may be selected from one or more of the group consisting of sand, gravel, plastic, wood chips, and peat. ⁇
  • the planting structure described above, wherein the ridge block may have a rectangular shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape or an irregular shape.
  • the various shapes described herein are the shape of the ridge block.
  • the longitudinal section of the ridge block may be arched, trapezoidal, inverted trapezoidal, rectangular or irregular.
  • the shape of the trench box is adapted to the shape of the ridge block.
  • the adaptation described herein refers to, for example, when the longitudinal section of the ridge block has a trapezoidal structure, the corresponding longitudinal direction of the trench box is inverted trapezoid; for example, when the ridge block is rectangular The corresponding trench box is also rectangular. This is due to the ridge block and the ditch The cabinets are tightly connected, even integrated. Normally, the formation of the ridge blocks and the trench tanks is formed by soil excavation, that is, the shape change of the soil itself after excavation.
  • the wall of the trench box needs to be reinforced, but in this case, the shape of the trench box is still the same as the ridge block.
  • the ridge block is circular or elliptical
  • the groove body may have a circular or circular arc corresponding thereto.
  • the upper edge of the wall of the trench box body is flush with the ridge layer or lower than the ridge layer, but the upper edge of the wall of the trench box may also be higher than the ridge layer when needed. Blocked, this case is referred to herein as a recessive furrow structure.
  • a nutrient and/or moisture supply pipe may be laid in the ridge block and/or the trench box.
  • the organic material may be selected from the group consisting of: lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, green manure, crushed or chopped straw, sawdust, animal body and its attachments, and animal waste or A variety of, can also be a variety of coated organic materials.
  • the shape of the above organic material may be:
  • Powdery the particle size is preferably from lmm to 5mm;
  • each piece size is preferably 5mm ⁇ 50mm; or
  • the length of the rod is preferably 30 to 70 mm, and the diameter is preferably 5 mm to 25 mm.
  • the size of organic materials can reach 0.01 nm or even smaller in very fine cases.
  • the planting structure described above may be a multi-layered three-dimensional structure, for example, a conventional multi-layered planting structure constructed by a bracket in a greenhouse, each layer having an associated ridge layer block and a trench box body.
  • the present invention also provides a portable plant planting structure having the above-described planting structure and means for facilitating its transport, for example, a detachable bracket with wheels. This is important for some important economic plants.
  • the invention also provides a planting method, which is planted on the ridge layer of the planting structure Plant.
  • plants can be planted on the trench box.
  • the invention also provides a soil conditioning method, which is to treat the soil to form the above-mentioned connected ridge layer and trench box structure, and to add organic materials in the trench box, the density of the organic material is lower than that of the soil Density. Since the relatively low-density organic material has the function of water storage and fertilizer, the excess nutrients, energy and salt and alkali which are not conducive to growth in the ridge layer flow to the trench tank under the scouring or artificial irrigation of the rainwater, thereby Make the structure of the soil more reasonable, and the water and nutrients in the ditch box will form a dynamic balance of water and nutrients with the soil in the ridge block. Through this method of conditioning, the structure of the soil is more reasonable, and the availability of nutrients is greatly improved. For saline-alkaline soil and acid soil, it can discharge the saline-alkali and acidic substances in the soil, overcome the defects of long-term soil compaction, and make the soil more suitable for planting.
  • the container body of the invention can achieve a good water retention function by filling organic materials (such as sawdust), the water is not easy to evaporate, and can fight drought in the desert.
  • organic materials such as sawdust
  • the dry organic material is buried in the trench box, which can also play a good role in water storage, and thus has a certain anti-caries effect on the rainy season.
  • the planting structure of the present invention has achieved significant advances in a variety of different areas. Especially in the desert area, due to the water retention function of the trench box, the tree species can be directly on-demand or spread on the ridge layer until it grows into a bush.
  • This method also breaks the time-consuming and laborious method of planting replanted tree species and the low survival rate of transplanting, which greatly saves time cost and investment cost.
  • the applicant has carried out a 150-mu planting test in the desert area and has obtained success.
  • the planting structure of the invention is more effective than the drip irrigation which is often used in Israel, and the water is quickly volatilized by drip irrigation, which needs to be continuously carried out, high cost and low efficiency, and the trench tank body of the invention is A water-like sustained release material that avoids the rapid consumption of water and is suitable for use in arid areas, especially in desert areas.
  • the present invention can effectively re-distribute all existing energy in the soil to automatically circulate, move, extend, interchange, and transform in a "structured" system, thereby achieving full utilization.
  • the soil and the plant can be completely used and fully utilized in the automatic energy circulation interaction, so that the plants and plants on the saline-alkali land and the sand are in their energy.
  • the yield can also reach the same or similar level of arable land using the structure of the present invention, and the quality and quality can also Eventually restored to the best level in history.
  • the planting structure of the invention effectively solves the contradiction between input and pollution on the soil, input and utilization, input and deployment, and after achieving the synergy and balance, in addition to the continuous improvement and improvement of the quality of the soil itself, In the benign interaction and transformation between soil and plants, the quality and quality of plants are continuously improved and improved until the best quality and quality in history is reached.
  • the planting structure of the invention is used on the saline-alkali land and the sandy land, so that the saline-alkali land and the sandy land have better use value and quality value than the general arable land.
  • the technology basically does not require input cost because of its own characteristics, and is simple and easy to implement, has great economic value and practical value, and is low cost, high output, and quality. The ideal platform for plant growth, development, planting..
  • the planting structure of the present invention has very good versatility, that is, any planting plan that is fully applicable to any variety of the main planter in any plantable environment. It does not require the main species to change the planting arrangements, plans, planting habits, etc., to achieve a highly efficient harvesting of the harvest, and to achieve better harvest quality than the harvest without the use of the present technology.
  • the present invention uses a soil planting structural system to provide a better platform for plant cells to survive, operate, move, exchange, and transform, because the plant is not changed from the perspective of genetic variation.
  • the planting structure avoids the large-scale use of genetically modified plants, effectively prevents the potential crisis of transgenic plants, and makes the relationship between humans and plants more harmonious and safe.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a furrow structure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a multi-ditch structure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a multi-hidden ditch, the ridge is level with the ground plane;
  • Figure 4 is another schematic diagram of multiple hidden ridges
  • Figure 5A is a schematic view of a furrow structure suitable for use in a desert area;
  • Figure 5B adds a sand control wall.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a planting structure suitable for use in shallow sea areas
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a multi-layer furrow planting structure
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a small ditch planting structure suitable for home use
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of a planting structure on a slope
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of a portable planting structure
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a planting structure suitable for use in forest land
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a planting structure suitable for shrub planting
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of a planting structure suitable for planting grassland
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of a planting structure suitable for single use.
  • the planting structure provided by the invention is a ditch-and-groove planting structure, specifically comprising a connected ridge layer block and a trench box body, and the trench tank body is filled with a biomass filler.
  • a carbon ditch with low carbon content and low density is actually formed.
  • This structure is not easy to accumulate, has good gas permeability and adsorption, and achieves the function of retaining water and retaining fertilizer, and can be realized with the ridge layer.
  • the exchange cycle of water and nutrients can withstand continuous input of fertilizer for continuous uninterrupted planting, and the organic matter in the ditch box can be continuously fermented under the action of microorganisms, which can produce the function of steam-heat temperature regulation, and at the same time, the toxic waste is removed by metabolism, microorganisms
  • the activity also further improves the soil and even produces a short ecological chain that maximizes the use of nutrients.
  • the ridge block and the trench box structure form the material required by itself, which may be the soil itself, or may be formed by reinforcement such as metal, plastic or wood. When using other materials, the ridge layer and the trench box are still needed.
  • the bodies are directly connected (at least partially directly).
  • the planting structure of the present invention can generally be divided into the following types:
  • A The basic structure of the ridge block and the trench box, referred to as the furrow structure (Fig. 1).
  • multi-ditch connection structure (Fig. 2).
  • the basic structure of the connection between the multi-ridge block and the multi-flat trench box referred to as the multi-hidden ridge flat groove connection type structure (Fig. 3, 4).
  • the above three structures are the most basic structures of the planting structure of the present invention, and different embodiments which can be extended on the basis of these basic structures are provided in various ways to cope with the environment, soil and plant growth and development, and flowering results. The best demand, the formation of the best energy benign automatic circulation system supply and demand structure platform.
  • Ridge layer referred to as ridge, which is a layer of soil on the plane of planting or natural sowing.
  • the layer is a ridge layer, referred to as ridge, with a height of ridge, up to 35cm (depending on actual needs, The height is 2.5 cm. In principle, the optimum height is about 20 cm, and the optimum low is about 5 cm.
  • the width of the ridge can be unlimited according to the actual needs (in the matching with the groove). The maximum width should be 10 meters under normal conditions, and the optimal width should be less than 2.5 meters (ie within 2.5 meters). In the rectangular state of the block, the maximum length of the ridge can be unlimited, and the optimum length is generally 50 meters (the matching of the ridge and the groove is a suitable length).
  • the shape of the ridge block depending on the actual conditions and environment of the land, is set to rectangular, square, circular, elliptical, etc., such as a circle. Under normal conditions, the maximum value should be about 2.5 meters, if it is an ellipse In general, the longest radius should not exceed 5 meters, and the optimum radius should be about 1.25 meters.
  • the above is the structure, shape and size of the ridge in the innovative invention, and the area and space of the ridge block
  • the bottom space, the surrounding space is the place where the growth, development, and flowering of the plant are.
  • the plant (the seed containing the plant) is the surface area of the ridge block artificially planted or naturally planted, and grows and develops.
  • flowering the result, depending on the plant, or up or down or around, or around the top, bottom, left and right.
  • the plants grown by artificial planting on the area of the ridge layer are collectively referred to as seedlings
  • the plants in the inner layer of the ridge layer are collectively referred to as roots, referred to as roots.
  • a plant that is naturally sown on a ridge block, referred to as a natural seedling is referred to as a self-generated root.
  • Various energy required for plants medicine, fertilizer, water, gas, heat, etc.
  • the nutrients are still applied directly to the surface of the mulch block and to the bottom of the interior or seedlings according to conventional methods of operation.
  • Ditch box Referred to as the ditch, it is under the plane of artificially planted or naturally planted land, and a trench is dug, which is the trench box, referred to as the ditch.
  • the ditch (pit) box is generally rectangular, but depending on the planting or natural sowing of the plant and environment (such as forests, beaches, hillsides or artificially crafted classes, moving plant living bodies, etc.), it can also be square, round, Oval or other shape.
  • the groove is simplified in the rectangular (stereo) state, and its length (length, width, height, or depth) is not limited in length. It may be determined according to the needs. Under normal conditions, the optimal length should be 50 meters. (According to the matching of the ridge length), the maximum width is not limited (it is better to match the ridge width). The optimum width of the groove under normal conditions is not less than 15cm. (It is also necessary to match the width of the ridge.) Under the general conditions, the deepest and maximum height of the ditch is: If the outcrop part (out of the land surface) above the land level (based on the land plane) should be 0.5cm to 15cm Below the land level, it should be 2.5cm to 200cm.
  • the optimum depth (height) of the trench box should be less than 5cm above the land level and 15cm to 125cm below the land level.
  • the size of the rectangular groove should be used as the basic reference data, but it should also be determined according to actual needs.
  • the length is still not limited, and the optimum length is
  • the two trench boxes are on both sides, and the middle of them is a ridge block.
  • the distance between the two trench boxes should, in principle, be less than 2.5 meters, which means that the matching width of the ridge block at this time is also less than 2.5 meters, but in special cases, the maximum is determined from the width direction.
  • the distance between the two trench boxes should be less than 4 meters.
  • the width of the trench box itself should be appropriately widened, that is, when the width of the ridge block is 4 meters, the width of the groove box on both sides should be about 30 cm, preferably less than 30 cm.
  • too wide is only a waste of land area and does not affect the growth of plants in the ridge layer.
  • the ditch design is the core technology of the present invention. They are integrated, and the ridges are not separated from the ditch, and the ditch does not leave the ridge, which complements each other. Among them, the ditch is the core point set in the core technical structure.
  • the empty trench is the inside of the trench box. It is basically based on the empty concept. Therefore, the organic material should be used as the filling material in the trench box. In principle, the organic material is used as the filling material in the trench box, and the inside of the trench box The density must be loose, should be lower than the density in the ridge block, and lower than the density of the soil under the ridge block, or must be done.
  • the maximum range of grams per cubic centimeter should be from 0.009 to 1, and the optimum range should be from 0.5 grams to 0.8 grams per cubic centimeter, whether the ridge layer is soil or other fillers (the ridge layer can also be filled) ), such as sand, stone, etc., but the density of the filler in the trench box must be less than the ridge layer, with loose gaps.
  • the trench box and the ridge layer have the following relationship:
  • the trench box is for the ridge layer and is a necessary structural system for the plants in the ridge block. Therefore, the filler in the box body also serves the ridge layer and its contents. It is meaningless to separate the trench box from the ridge layer. Therefore, the size, size and shape design of the trench box should be determined according to the needs of the ridge block, and match with the change of the ridge block.
  • edges of the ridge block and the trench box should be connected in a line.
  • the two side edges of the ridge block are respectively connected to one of the edges of the two grooved boxes, and the left edge and the right edge of the other are connected (Fig. 1).
  • the trench box is mostly or completely below the land level.
  • Ridge width The two edges of the two sides are respectively the same side of the left and right sides of the width of the grooved box connected thereto. That is, the left edge of the width of the ridge block is the left edge of a trench box at the same time. The right edge of the ridge block width becomes the left edge of the other trench box. (In actual case, the left and right sides of the ridge block can enter the left and right sides of the two trench boxes respectively. For example, in the case where it is difficult to align the line edges due to environmental or other reasons, in order to form an unconnected space segment, insurance You can enter the edge of the trench at first sight.
  • the top layer of the trench box is allowed to selectively plant the plant, and the conditions are as follows: First, the top layer of the trench box has soil or other materials such as sand and stone to effectively form plants. Second: When the width of the top layer of the trench box is at least not less than 5 cm. Third, the height of the plants planted on the top of the trench box is lower than that of the plants on the ridge block and must be non-falling plants. At the same time, it can be adapted, matched and mutually beneficial with the plants on the ridge layer. For example, when planting corn on a ridge, wheat, soybeans, or garlic should be grown on the top of the ditch. When planting soybeans on the ridge, you should choose to plant mushrooms, onions and other plants on the ditch.
  • the width of the trench box is less than 5cm, the land (or other sand, stone, etc.) on the top of the trench box cannot be planted and preserved on the plane.
  • the ditch is for the ridge, so the planting industry on the ditch should serve the ridge planting.
  • the filling material in the trench box should be organic material.
  • the planting structure of the invention effectively and completely solves the fundamental difficulties of the current plant and its planting, that is, the global problems in the integration and pollution, the input and utilization, the imbalance of input and coordination, and the like, and the change Balance and harmony.
  • the planting structure of the invention effectively makes the energy between the land (salt-salt, sandy land, arable land), plant supports and plants, namely various nutrients (medicine, fertilizer, water, gas, heat, etc.) various components ( Containing all kinds of components that have formed excessive pollution) Heavy metals and the like are effectively circulated in the furrow structure, and the benign energy operation of blending, extending, transforming, transforming, transforming and reorganizing is regained, and the nutrition and moisture of the plants are improved. Supply, causing plants to grow and develop flowering knots At different times of the fruit, the absorption and utilization of nutrients are optimally achieved, resulting in an increase in the yield and quantity of the harvested plants.
  • the basic structure of the connection between the multi-ridge block and the multi-ditch box referred to as the multi-ridge and multi-ditch connection basic structure.
  • the basic structure of the connection between the multi-ridge block and the multi-ditch box is based on the basic structure of the ridge block and the trench box, and the ridge block and the width of the groove box are on the left and right sides, and an unlimited number of ridges are to be used.
  • the slab and the edge of the trench box are connected in the side to form the basic structure of the connection of the multi-ridge slab and the trench box (according to the width), which is simply referred to as the multi-ridge multi-ditch connection basic structure.
  • connection between the multi-hidden ridge block and the multi-ditch box is to take the ridge from the land plane under the basic conditions of the basic structure of the furrow connection and the basic structure of the multi-ridge and multi-ditch connection.
  • connection between the low ridge block and the multi-low ditch box is referred to as the basic structure of the connection with the low ditch.
  • the low ridge block is based on the hidden ridge layer, and the height of the ridge block is further lowered from the land plane to form a catchment surface, which is lower than the ridge block in other sizes.
  • the deepest dimension is 0.5m to 1.5m, and the optimum depth is 15cm to 25cm.
  • the designer of the ridge layer is set to adapt to the special plants and areas, and some plants are low, such as rain farming areas, deserts. District plants. Some plants are artificially planted, and the plant itself needs to require a low ridge layer to collect water and water to curb salt clarification for growth.
  • the groove box which cannot be separated from it is lower than the low ridge block, and the connection height with the low ridge block is the height of the side apex of the formal low ridge block. Low, this is the junction of the low ridge block and the low groove box.
  • the organic materials are specifically described below:
  • the types of organic materials include:
  • Hemicellulose eg: decomposed blackened
  • Green manure including fresh green manure
  • Saw foam (including fresh saw foam)
  • organic materials are placed as fillers in the trench box, forming an effective structure with the trench box to form an inseparable monolithic structure.
  • the organic material may also be a coated product such as a coated fertilizer.
  • the form of organic materials includes:
  • Powder the optimal size of the particle size is 1mm to 5mm;
  • Block shape the optimal size of each piece is 5mm to 50mm;
  • Rod shape the best rod thickness is about 5mm to 25mm for each optimal rod length of about 50mm.
  • the minimum fineness is extremely 0.01 nm to 5 mm.
  • the shape of the coated fertilizer may be semi-circular, and various other types such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a rod shape, a solid triangular shape, a polygonal shape, and the like, but may be practically required.
  • the optimum diameter is 5mm to 30mm, and inorganic fertilizer can be attached to it. 2.
  • the filling position of the organic material is not fertilized or at least inorganic fertilizer is applied (the filling position is the ditch box)
  • the optimum distance between organic materials should be less than 2.5m, and in the case of special beads should be less than 4m. That is, the distance between the two trench boxes is preferably less than 2.5m.
  • the organic material filling forms an effective automatic circulation integral with the trench box after the trench box, and its main functions are:
  • Fertilizer Effectively absorb the energy released, the energy lost in the fertilization position (residual), nutrients (to re-feed the plants);
  • Root-retaining system The organic material filling area is the main distribution area, that is, the main distribution area of the roots of the roots of the plant roots.
  • the optimal plant growth effect can be achieved by adjusting the organic materials in the ditch box according to the cultivation environment and the specific cultivated plants.
  • the organic materials used for formulation include, in addition to the above, the animal itself and all its attachments, such as hair, hair, bone, and the like. Further, various inorganic substances can be added as needed. Various raw materials and various organic materials used for the configuration, some inorganic materials are mixed to make various substances, and when a large amount of organic materials are filled into the trenches of plants and planted plants, the required various materials can be produced.
  • a plant harvest with a strong medical treatment function thereby overcoming the side effects of the genetically modified food, and producing more and better therapeutic food functions of a pure plant food machine with a strong pharmacological function.
  • the inside of the trench tank is filled with organic materials.
  • this is a planting structure suitable for use in the desert.
  • the utility model comprises a connected ridge layer (1), a trench box (2), a filling (3) in the trench box, and a seedling (4) on the ridge layer (1), the root system (5) Growth tends to develop toward the trench box (2).
  • a water supply pipe (6) and a supply pipe (7) are also provided.
  • the water supply pipe (6) in the desert, is responsible for supplying water to the roots of the plants by means of infiltration and droplets.
  • the pipe is laid in both the ridge block and the trench box.
  • the spray here, the nozzle that contacts the root of the plant when it is under pressure will automatically open, the fine water droplets will be sprayed out, and the nozzle will automatically close when there is no pressure; the infiltration, in the outlet of the pipeline that can be connected to the root of the plant
  • the membrane is filled with a membrane, and the membrane permeation time and interval time are set.
  • the permeation membrane port supplies the water in the pipeline to the root of the plant in an invasive manner during the infiltration of the set root period.
  • a sand blocking wall (8) may be disposed on one side or both sides of the planting structure, and the sand wall has both sand blocking and wind blocking functions.
  • the main material of the sand blocking wall can be sand. Both the nutrient pipeline and the water supply pipeline are attached to the sand or buried under the sand, and a stabilizer is installed if necessary.
  • Figure 8 shows a mobile sandbox land planting structure, mainly using sand in the artificial box to stabilize the roots and their roots.
  • the sand to be placed is a ridge layer, and the groove body can be placed on both sides or under it, or at the same time on both sides and under the ridge block. According to the different periods of nutrition of the crop, the matching nutrient supply (using the pipeline) is finally achieved.
  • a ditch structure is formed in the sand, and a pipe is laid in the ridge block for providing moisture and nutrients.
  • the longitudinal section of the ridge block is trapezoidal, and the corresponding grooved box is inverted trapezoidal.
  • the width of the ridge block is 3m higher than the ground plane by 10cm, the width of the trench box is 30cm and the depth is 90cm (relative to the ground plane), and the trench box is filled and crushed to 5mm to 25mm corn stover Stalks, planted on the ridge layer.
  • alfalfa was planted on untreated sand in the area. As a control, it was planted in April, routinely managed, planted until August, and planted for 4 months. Plant growth increased by an average of 23 times compared to controls.
  • This example is a planting structure suitable for use in fresh seawater conditions.
  • the so-called fresh sea water refers to the water that the river flows into the sea, such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
  • the planting area of this example is located in the river like the sea.
  • a membrane network (9) (Fig. 6) is arranged outside the ridge block to form a so-called membrane network ridge layer, which needs to have a reverse osmosis effect, such as a reverse osmosis membrane. Its role is to get fresh water into the membrane, and the seawater is blocked (reverse osmosis) outside the membrane.
  • internal sand, stone, and other fillings can be directly placed in the river estuary to form a planting area.
  • the planting area can be made up of a mesh-type ridge layer block, a trench box and the like. It is also possible to use a planting area consisting of stone, sand, etc. without a web, depending on the actual planting conditions. In short, its basic structure is still the basic principle of the furrow structure.
  • This example is a multi-layered three-dimensional planting structure, for example, a conventional multi-layered planting structure constructed in a greenhouse, each of which has an associated ridge layer and a trench box (Fig. 7).
  • This planting structure can also be placed in the building, or on the balcony or roof, to make full use of the space.
  • the supply pipes and water supply pipes should be laid on the ridge blocks and trench tanks of each floor.
  • This example is a small portable planting structure for the home (Fig. 8).
  • This structure places the main part of the trench box (2) below the ridge block (1), increasing the available area of the ridge block.
  • One or more holes (10) are provided above the ridge block, and the holes can pass through the trench box (2) for supplying nutrients and moisture.
  • the family-style planting structure can solve the consumption of vegetables and fruits of a few families.
  • the fertilizer used can be purchased out of the nutrients, and the members can also use the urine.
  • this is a planting structure suitable for hillsides, hills and other places with a certain slope or unevenness, which is similar to the general structure, but the ridge layer (1) and the trench box (2)
  • the shape is often irregular. The specific shape needs to be determined according to the shape of the slope.
  • the ridge block and the ditch box should be in the form of multiple hidden ditch and multiple ditch.
  • the groove box body (2) is on both sides of the ridge layer block (1) (and also around it), and the wheel is placed in the underground of the planting structure. (11), in order to plant the structure to move.
  • One or more holes (10) are provided above the ridge block (1), and the holes can pass through the trench box (2) for supplying nutrients and moisture.
  • the mobile multi-functional furrow structure can be put into the supermarket for sale. It is especially suitable for the needs of people living in the desert area. It can plant any plant, the input cost is low, the environment is environmentally friendly, and the family members can meet the plant. Need nutrition.
  • the planting structure in this example has a ridge layer (1) which is circular, and at its periphery is a circle groove box (2) whose shape is a circle which is adapted to the ridge layer.
  • This shape-structured planting structure is particularly suitable for the cultivation of tall trees, such as eucalyptus, which is widely used in forests and forests, and is particularly suitable for trees planted on both sides of the road.
  • the trench box (2) may be an embodiment of a semi-surrounding ridge block (1) (Fig. 11B).
  • another modification is to provide a plurality of trench boxes (2) around the ridge block (1) to make them scatter, and this embodiment is particularly suitable for use in forest land.
  • a furrow structure is set up in the woodland where rubber trees are planted in Yunnan.
  • the average diameter of the ridge block is 2.5m (depending on the size of the rubber tree), the width of the trench box is 15cm, the depth is 30cm, and the sawdust is filled with sawdust.
  • general management 100 rubber trees changed into ridge structure were used as experimental group, and 100 unmodified rubber trees were used as control group, which were routinely managed under the same conditions. From the beginning of 2008 to the end of the year, the annual rubber production was calculated. The results showed that the experimental group was 1.0 times higher than the control group.
  • the ridge layer (1) and the trench box (2) are relatively flat, the ridge layer (1) has a circular arc shape, and the trench box (2) has a circular arc shape.
  • the planting structure is particularly suitable for shrub growth.
  • the ridge layer (1) is wider and flat, and the trench box (2) is relatively narrower and relatively deep. In this way, the ridge layer (1) has a large usable area, which is particularly suitable for planting grassland.
  • Example 10
  • Figure 14 shows a multi-hidden ridge planting structure, the ridge block (1) is lower than the side wall of the trench box (2), and the trench box (2) is inverted trapezoidal, passing through the side wall of the trench box
  • the upward extension makes the opening of the trench box (2) smaller, and at the same time, the purpose of collecting and watering the rainwater in the ridge layer.
  • This structure is especially suitable for use in dry single areas, such as planting fruit trees in dry single areas.
  • the planting structure of the invention can significantly increase the growth rate, the yield, the biomass, and the like of the plant, and even increase the number of times, and at the same time, can improve and improve the plant quality. Moreover, it also has the effects of improving soil removal of soil pollution and friendly environment. Suitable for a wide range of applications in agriculture.

Description

一种种植结构及种植方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域,具体涉及一种能够显著提高野生及种 植植物生长量的种植结构。这种种植结构能有效让地球上几乎全部植 物在生长速度、 产量、 生物量等方面发生显著提高, 甚至提髙数倍, 并同时能改善、提高植物品质。并且,还具有改良土壤去除土壤污染、 友好环境等作用。 背景技术
现代社会的发展和进步, 世界人口数量的总体增长, 人类对地球 资源, 尤其是植物资源, 粮食资源的消费成倍的增加, 造成全球性资 源的紧张和短缺, 并使之形成一种趋势。
油气资源的过量消耗, 造成环境污染加剧, 森林资源的过量的消 耗, 破坏了大气污染的平衡, 引发人类必须的干净空气短缺, 野生植 物、草地、灌木被过量消耗、破坏而大量减少, 土地沙漠化越趋严重。 人们为了获取更多的收获物, 越来越加大投入农药、 化肥、 各类生长 激素等等, 造成土壤越来越严重的污染、 板结, 营养利用率也不断降 低, 生产能力下降, 收获物品质、 种子品质都被年年损害。 而且农业 土地, 果业土地, 森林再植林土地等高投入量还在增加, 低利用率和 品质还在不断下降, 且产量也是不断下降的趋势, 为了维持一个原来 的产量, 需要投入的成本也越来越高, 在各国对农业均实行了大量资 金、 物质补贴。 在中国, 许多个体农户因种植已无利可图, 大多都釆 取了弃田不种的方式或将田地转给种植大户而自己外出打工挣钱以 补偿种田没能取得的利润, 所谓提内损失提外补。
当代农业, 在植物种植研究、技术创新手段方面均已非常的发达 和先进。世界各先进的国家在对土壤的分析,农药、化肥的投放比例, 各种新研发肥料, 植物药及对土壤、 植物的用药、 用肥的比例检测, 对植物生长发育结果的检测, 定量定性的分析、 计算,.对水、肥、 气、 热、 叶、 杆、 根系等的调控手段、 方式方法都取得了许多突破性的成 就。 例如, 中国等国在对土壤、 植物中营养的快速分析; 桔秆还回、 缓、 控、 释等施肥技术及先成功运用; 集雨节灌技术, 植物产品的安 全检测技术等也均完全成熟。 除此之外植物技术先进的各国, 也研发 创新了许多先进的技术, 例如, 以色列的滴灌技术, 以色列、 法国的 无土栽培技术, 法国的生长素, 无污染洁净肥技术, 澳大利亚的固定 道技术, 美欧的保护性耕种技术, 植物回种技术等, 都解决了当前植 物生长发育, 植物种植方面的许多重大问题。
尽管当前全球植物技术包括植物种植技术, 已经发展到诸如以上 成熟先进程度, 但是, 在人工植物生长发育、 植物种植方面, 种植与 植物、 种植与土壤、 土壤与结构、 土壤与能量等方面, 仍然没能解决 或没能有效解决, 投入与污染、 投入与利用、 投入与调配的平衡、 和 谐均是长久的世界性难题, 从而, 也就仍然不能解决经人工努力将植 物的产量或重量,或体积占有空间普遍提高 30%以上(更不用说 50%, 100% , 500%以上等), 同时, 也不能有效解决让植物及其果实的品 质质量恢复到历史最好水平。
经过本发明人不懈努力, 创造了土壤植物能量自动良性循环、调 配、 供给的新结构技术 (以下简称"土, 植能量新结构技术 "), 其能 有效、 彻底地将植物(包括农作物)与土壤、 营养、 能量之间的问题 (即不平衡, 不和谐问题) 一次性的完整解决。 从而使植物的生长、 发育, 植物的种植, 土壤本体与植物本身对水、 肥、 气、 热、 叶、 杆、 根系的能量全部完整投入的同时而即进行良性有效地运行、 延伸、 转 移、 交换、 调配, 从而形成了一个理想又完善的自动协调、 合协、 平 衡配置的自动循环系统,彻底的解决了投入不能吸收而造成的污染问 题, 以及无法与环境友好, 投入不被吸收而能量被大量浪费, 造成无 法有效利用问题, 投入的能量(药、 肥、 水、 气、 热等)无法自助良 性循环, 从而无法有效自动调配的问题, 植物不能高效翻番增产的问 题, 植物及其果实的品质质量不能恢复到历史最好而每年降低的问 题。 本发明的"土、 植生物能量新结构技术"解决的这些难题均是当前 植物成长、 发育、 植物种植的世界性难题, 具有重大的意义。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种种植结构,用于提高植物的生长量或 产量。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于上述种植结构的种植方法。 本发明提供的种植结构,包括相连接的至少一个垄层块和至少一 个沟箱体, 在沟箱体中填装有有机物料, 该有机填料的密度低于土壤 的密度。
' 上述种植结构, 还可以是包括相连接的多个垄层块和多个沟箱 体, 垄层块之间由沟箱体相间隔。
上述种植结构, 所述垄层块可以是土壤和 /或其它植物根系支持 物。 所述土壤可以是荒漠土、 沙漠土、 盐碱土、 半盐碱土、 酸性土或 壤土。 本发明种植结构在应用于诸如荒漠土、 盐碱土和酸性土等劣质 土壤上效果更佳, 其比常规种植在植物生长量上要提高甚至几倍。所 述其它根系支持物可选自沙、 碎石、 塑料、 木屑、 泥炭中的一种或多 种。 ■
上述的种植结构, 其中所述垄层块可以呈长方形、 圆形、 椭圆形 或不规则形状。 这里所述的各种形状是俯视垄层块的形状。
上述的种植结构, 其中所述垄层块纵截面可以呈拱形、 梯形、 倒 梯形、 矩形或不规则形状。
上述的种植结构, 其中所述沟箱体的形状与垄层块的形状相适 应。 本领域技术人员应当理解, 这里所述的相适应指, 例如, 当垄层 块的纵截面呈梯形结构时, 相应的沟箱体纵截面呈倒梯形; 再如, 当 垄层块呈长方形时, 相应的沟箱体也呈长方形。 这是由于垄层块与沟 箱体是紧密连接的, 甚至是一体的, 通常情况下, 垄层块与沟箱体的 形成是由于土壤挖掘而形成的,即是土壤本身经挖掘而得到的形状改 变。 当然, 某些情况下, 由于土壤松软, 或者其它原因会引起沟箱体 坍塌, 则需要对沟箱体的壁进行加固, 但这种情况下, 沟箱体的形状 依然是与垄层块是相适应的。 当所述垄层块呈圆形或椭圆形时, 所述 沟箱体则可以呈与之相适应的圆形或圆弧。
上述的种植结构, 一般情况下, 沟箱体的壁的上沿是与垄层块齐 平或低于垄层块的,但在需要时沟箱体的壁的上沿也是可以高于垄层 块的, 这种情况本文称之为隐性垄沟型结构。
上述的种植结构, 在所述垄层块和 /或沟箱体中还可以铺设有营 养和 /或水分供给管道。
上述的种植结构, 所述有机物料可选自: 木质素, 纤维素, 半纤 维素, 绿肥, 经粉碎或切碎的秸秆, 锯末, 动物体及其附着物以及动 物排泄物中的一种或多种, 也可以是各种包膜有机物料。
上述有机物料的形状可以是:
粉状, 颗粒度较佳为 lmm~5mm;
块状, 每块尺寸较佳为 5mm〜50mm; 或
杆状, 杆长较佳为 30〜70mm, 直径较佳为 5mm~25mm。
然而, 有机物料的大小在极细情况下可以达到 0.01 纳米, 甚至 更小。
上述种植结构, 其可以是多层式的立体结构, 例如, 常见的在温 室中通过支架搭建的多层式种植结构,其每层均具有相连的垄层块和 沟箱体。
本发明还提供一种便携式植物种植结构,其具有上述的种植结构 以及便于其转运的装置, 例如, 带有轮子的可拆卸的支架。 这对于一 些重要的经济植物具有重要意义。
本发明还提供一种种植方法,其在上述种植结构的垄层块上种植 植物。 此外, 还可以在沟箱体上种植植物。
本发明还提供一种土壤调理方法, 该方法是对土壤进行处理,形 成上述相连的垄层块和沟箱体结构, 并在沟箱体中添加有机物料, 所 述有机物料的密度低于土壤的密度。由于相对低密度的有机物料具有 蓄水持肥调配的作用, 垄层块中的过剩营养、 能量以及不利于生长的 盐碱等, 在雨水的冲刷或人工浇灌下, 流向了沟箱体, 从而使土壤的 结构更加合理,而沟箱体中的水分营养等又会与垄层块中的土壤构成 水分、营养的动态平衡。通过这种方式的调理,土壤的结构更加合理, 养分的可利用率大大提高。 对于盐碱土、 酸性土而言, 则可以排出土 壤中的盐碱、 酸性物质, 克服土壤长期板结的缺陷, 使土壤变得更加 适宜种植。
本发明沟箱体内通过填充有机物料(例如锯末)能够实现很好的 保水功能, 水份不易蒸发, 能够在沙漠中抗击干旱。 同时, 在多涝地 区, 在沟箱体中埋入干燥的有机物料, 又能起到很好的蓄水作用, 从 而对多雨季节也有一定的抗涝作用。本发明种植结构在多种不同的地 区获得了显著进步。 尤其是在沙漠地区, 由于沟箱体的保水功能, 可 以直接将树种点播或撒播在垄层块上, 直至生长成灌木丛。 这种方式 还打破了原先现种草种再植树种的费时费力并且移栽成活率低的方 式, 大大节约了时间成本和投资成本, 申请人在沙漠地区进行了 150 亩种植试验, 已经获得了成功。 本发明种植结构比以色列常釆用的滴 灌在实际应用中更有效, 釆用滴灌的方式水份很快会挥发, 需要持续 不断地进行,成本高,效率低,而本发明的沟箱体则类似水的缓释物, 避免了水份的快速消耗, 适合干旱地区尤其是沙漠地区使用。
本发明的优点在于:
1 )投入土壤中的质量(农药、 肥、 水、 气、 热、 生物制剂等等) 被本发明的 "结构" 充分调配, 实现了自动的良性循环种类, 从而使 植物极大地具备了吸收、 互换、 转化的能力, 土壤中过量的投入被有 效利用, 污染被切实地降低、 减少和不断地改善, 形成良性方向的转 化。 土壤的板结、 污染被持续化解, 直至完全消失。
2 ) 土壤中能量流动、 互换、 转化、 移动等被本发明的 "结构" 自动循环起来后, 土壤上植物的吸收、 利用、 转化营养能量的吸收溶 合力也会全方面的加强和完善,从而有效彻底地保障了土壤上植物的 产量高效翻番的增长和品质质量的不断提高,直至恢复到历史的最好 水平。
3 )本发明可以有效地将土壤中的全部现有能量充分地重新调配, 使之在 "结构" 设置的系统中自动循环、 移动、 延伸、 互换、 转化、 从而达到完全的被有效利用。
4 ) 因本发明可使土壤与植物在能量自动循环的互动中, 完全的 被使用和充分利用,从而使盐碱地和沙地上的植物和种植物在其能量
(农药、 肥、 水、 气、 热等等)具有可耕地同等或相近水准保障的条 件下,其产量也同样可达使用本发明结构的可耕地的同等或相近似水 平, 其品质质量也能最终恢复到历史最好水平。
5 ) 由于具备了 1 ) 2 ) 3 ) 4 ) 以上条件, 土壤本身所留存的多余 能量(农药、 化肥、 水、 气、 热、 重金属、 大量农药残留等等)被本 发明种植结构充分利用、使用和消耗, 从而不断地形成土壤中多余留 存, 即污染的消失, 有效地解决了土壤的板结、 污染问题, 同时将土 壤中投入的能量的利用率提高到了最佳水平。
6 )本发明种植结构有效解决了土壤上投入和污染, 投入和利用, 投入和调配之间的矛盾, 使之达到合协、 平衡后, 除了土壤本身的品 质得以不断改善和提高外, 也使之在土壤与植物在良性的互动、 转化 中, 将植物的品质质量给于不断完善和提高, 直至达到历史最好品质 质量。
7 )本发明种植结构在盐碱地、 沙地上、 使用, 可使盐碱地、 沙 地具有比一般可耕地更好的使用价值和品质价值。 8 )本发明种植结构在实施过程中, 因其本身的特征, 所以该技 术基本不需要投入成本, 且简单易行, 非常具有经济价值和实用性价 值, 是低成本、 高产出、 有品质的理想的植物生长、 发育、 植物种植 的平台.。
9 )本发明种植结构具有非常好的随主性, 即完全适用于主种人 的任何可种植环境下的任何品种的任何种植计划安排。它不需主种人 为此改变种植安排, 计划, 种植习惯等等, 即可实现高效翻番增产的 收获物,并实现收获物品质在好于、优于未使用本发明技术的收获物。 同时, 本发明因为不是从遗传变异的角度改变植物, 而是利用土壤的 种植结构系统, 给植物细胞提供了更好的能量存活、 运行、 移动、 互 换、 转化的推动平台, 所以, 本发明种植结构避免大规模使用转基因 植物, 有效地防止转基因植物所形成的潜在危机, 使人和植物的关系 更加和谐、 安全。 附图说明
图 1是垄沟结构示意图;
图 2是多垄沟结构示意图;
图 3是多隐垄沟示意图, 垄与地平面相平;
图 4是另一种多隐垄沟示意图; ·
图 5A是适于荒漠地区使用的垄沟结构示意图; 图 5B增加了防 沙墙。
图 6是适于浅海地区是使用的种植结构示意图;
图 7是多层垄沟种植结构的示意图;
图 8是适于家庭使用的小型垄沟种植结构示意图;
图 9是坡地种植结构示意图;
图 10是一种便携式种植结构示意图;
图 11是适于林地使用的种植结构示意图;
图 12是适于灌木种植的种植结构示意图; 图 13是适合种植草地的种植结构示意图;
图 14是适合單地使用的种植结构示意图。
以上图中, 1.垄层块, 2.沟箱体, 3.有机物料, 4.苗 (植物), 5. 根, 6.供水管, 7.供养管, 8.挡沙墙, 9.网膜, 10.孔, 11.轮子, 12.连 接边缘, 13.地平面。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图进一步详细说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本 发明的限制。 本领域技术人员在不背离本发明的精神和实质下, 可以 对以下实施方式进行各种各样的修改或替换。
本发明提供的种植结构是一种垄沟结合式的种植结构, 具体地, 其包括相连接的垄层块和沟箱体, 在沟箱体中填装有生物质填料。
沟箱体填充有机物料后, 实际形成了高含碳量低密度的碳沟, 这 种结构不易堆积, 具有良好的透气性和吸附作用, 达到保水持肥调配 的作用, 可以与垄层块实现水和营养的交换循环, 可承受连续投入肥 料进行连续不间断种植,且沟箱体内的有机物在微生物的作用下持续 发酵, 能产生汽热温度调控的作用, 同时将毒污经代谢排除, 微生物 的活跃还进一步改善土壤, 甚至产生短的生态链, 使得营养的利用最 大化。
垄层块和沟箱体结构形成本身所需材料, 可以是土壤本身, 也可 以是通过诸如金属、 塑料或者木材等等进行加固成型, 在使用其它材 料时,仍然需要将垄层块与沟箱体直接相接(至少是部分直接相接)。
本发明种植结构, 通常可以分为以下几种:
A: 垄层块和沟箱体的基本结构, 简称为垄沟型结构 (图 1 )。
B: 多垄层快和多沟箱相连接的基本结构, 简称多垄沟连接型结 构 (图 2 )。
C: 多垄层块和多平沟箱相连接的基本结构, 简称多隐垄平沟连 接型结构 (图 3、 4 )。 以上三种结构为本发明的种植结构的最基本的结构,其可以在这 些基本结构基础上延伸出的不同实施方式来因地制宜地设置各种系 统来应对环境, 土壤和植物生长发育, 开花结果的最佳需求, 形成最 好的能量良性自动循环系统供需的结构平台。
以下针对三种基本结构及其在此基础上引申出的各种副结构分 别给予详细说明:
第一: 垄层块和沟箱体的基本结构, 即垄沟型结构的设计和其体 系区别说明:
垄层块: 简称垄, 就是在种植或自然播种的土地平面上, 起一层 土, 该土层即为垄层块, 简称垄, 以垄的高度, 最高为 35cm (视实 际需要, 也可再高), 最低为 2.5cm, 原则上, 其最佳高度为 20cm左 右, 最佳低度为 5cm左右。 垄的宽度视实际需要可以不限宽度 (在 与沟的匹配中)如一般状况下的最长宽度应为 10米, 最佳宽度应为 少于 2.5米(即在 2.5米以内), 垄层块的在长方形状态下, 垄的最长 度可以不受限, 其最佳长度一般为 50米 (以垄与沟的匹配为相宜定 长度)。 垄层块的形状, 可视土地的实际状况及环境, 设为长方形, 正方形, 圆形, 椭圆形等等, 例如圆形, 一般状况下, 其最大值直接 应为 2.5米左右, 如果是椭圆形, 一般状况下, 其最长半径不超过 5 米, 最佳半径应为 1.25 米左右, 以上即为本创新发明中垄的结构, 形状及尺寸表述, 在垄层块的面积空间上及其底层空间, 周围空间, 是植物的生长、 发育、 开花结果的地方, 一般情况下, 植物(含种植 植物的种子)是垄层块的表面积空间人工种植或自然播种下去, 并生 长, 发育, 的, 开花的, 其结果, 则视植物的不同, 或上或下或周围, 或上下左右周围。 一般情况下, 将垄层块面积上人工种植长出的植物 (未开花结果时 )统称为苗,将垄层块内底的植物体(未开化结果时) 统称为根系, 简称根。 将自然播种在垄层块上的植物, 其上称为自然 苗, 其下称为自生根。 植物所需的各种能量(药、 肥、 水、 气、 热等) 营养成份,仍按照视在传统的操作方法, 直接投放于垄层块表面及内 部或苗的底部。
沟箱体: 简称沟, 就是在人工种植或自然播种的土地平面之下, 挖制出一个沟坑, 即为沟箱体, 简称沟。 该沟(坑)箱体一般为长方 形, 但视种植或自然播种的植物和环境的需要(例如森林, 海滩, 山 坡或人工制作的课移动植物生存体等), 也可为正方形, 圆形, 椭圆 形或其他形状。
沟简体即沟在长方形(立体)状态下, 其尺寸(长、 宽、 高、 或 深)状态下, 其长度没有限制, 可视需要而定, 一般状况下, 其最佳 长度应是 50米(以于垄长相匹配为准), 最宽度也没有限制(均需视 与垄宽相配合为宜)一般状况下沟的最佳宽度为不少于 15cm。(也需 视垄的宽度来相匹配为宜) 沟在一般状况下, 其最深即最大高度为: 如果在土地平面之上(露头)露头部分(以土地平面为准)应为 0.5cm 到 15cm在土地平面之下, 应为 2.5cm到 200cm。 其沟箱体最佳深度 (高度)在土地平面之上露头部分应为 5cm以下, 在土地平面之下, 应为 15cm到 125cm。其它形状的沟箱体原则上在与垄的匹配设置时, 均应以长方体沟的尺寸为基本参照数据, 但也应视实际需要而定。
在沟箱体与垄层块相匹配使用时, 长度仍是不必限制, 最佳长为
50 米。 但从宽度的方向来确定, 应该是两个沟箱体在两边, 他们的 中间是垄层块。 两个沟箱体之间的距离, 原则上应该小于 2.5米, 也 就是说垄层块此时的匹配宽度也是在小于 2.5米之内的, 但在特别情 况下, 从宽度的方向来确定最大尺寸时, 两个沟箱体之间的距离是大 应该是小于 4米。 此时, 沟箱体本身的宽度也应适当加宽, 即, 当垄 层块的自身宽度为 4米时, 其两边的沟箱体自身的宽度应为 30厘米 左右, 最佳应小于 30厘米, 但过宽只是造成土地面积的浪费, 并不 影响垄层块中植物的生长。 在沟箱体顶层可相辅互利种植其它植物 时, 沟箱体的宽度也可以需要加大。 垄沟设计是本发明中的核心技术, 它们是一体的, 是垄不离沟, 沟不离垄, 相辅相成, 其中, 沟是核心技术结构里设置的最核心之要 点。 (空沟即沟箱体内, 其基本是以空的理念为基础, 因而, 沟箱体 内应必须以有机物作为填充物料, 原则上, 除以有机物料作为沟箱体 内的填充物料, 沟箱体内的密度必须是松疏的, 应低于垄层块内的密 度, 也需低于垄层块底下物体的(含土壤)密度, 还是必须要做到的。 一般正常情况下, 沟箱体内容重克 /每立方厘米的最大范围应为 0.009 到 1, 其最佳范围应为 0.5克到 0.8克 /每立方厘米, 无论垄层块是土 壤, 还是其它填充物 (垄层块内也可是填充物), 例如沙、 石等等, 但沟箱体内的填充物的密度必须小于垄层块, 具有疏松的间隙。
沟箱体与垄层块具有以下相互关系:
1、 沟箱体是为垄层块服务的, 是为垄层块中的植物而设置的必 须结构体系,所以,构箱体内的填充物也是为垄层块及其内容服务的。 沟箱体脱离垄层块独立存在是没有意义的, 因而, 沟箱体的大小, 尺 寸, 形状设计, 均应随着垄层块的需要来确定, 随着垄层块的变化来 匹配。
2、 垄层块和沟箱体的边缘应当是在一条线上相连接的。 如在长 方行(俯视)状况下, 垄层块的两侧边缘, 是分别和两个沟箱体的边 缘其中一个, 左边缘及另一个的右边缘相连结的 (如图 1 )。 如果不 连接, 在其未能连结而形成的未连接空间段, 就会产生盐分和聚集从 而会程度不同的阻断养分(药、 肥、 水、 气、 热等等)有效的完整的 自动循环运动, 造成能量养分的利用率大幅降低, 而且, 盐分会在这 个未连接空间段越聚越多, 形成板结, 严重阻断能量流通, 严重影响 植物生长发育、 开花结果所需营养的充分有效的循环供给。
3、 当垄层块的高低与沟箱体在一个水平面上或高低相差不大时 (一般正常情况下, 沟箱体应低于垄层块,像现在所说的垄层块就在 土地平面之上, 沟箱体则大部或全部在土地平面之下)。 垄层块宽度 的两个边缘, 则分别成为与之相连接的沟箱体的宽度左、右两个边的 同一个边。 即垄层块的宽度的左边缘即同时成为一个沟箱体的左边 缘。 垄层块宽度的右边缘则成为另一个沟箱体的左边缘。 (实际需要 时, 垄层块的左右两个边可分别进入两个沟箱体的左右边内。 例如, 因环境或其他原因难以对准线边的状况下, 为了形成未连接空间段, 保险起见便可进入沟的边缘内。
4、 在沟箱体完成有机物料的填充后, 如果沟箱体上具有能使植 物有效撑立的条件时(例如土壤)沟箱体顶层是允许有选择的种植植 物的, 其条件时: 第一, 沟箱体顶层具有以有效成立植物的土壤或其 它物料, 如沙、 石等。 第二: 沟箱体顶层的宽度至少不少于 5cm时。 第三,种植于沟箱体顶层的植物高度低于垄层块上的植物并且必须是 不倒伏的植物, 同时还能与垄层块上的植物相适应, 匹配, 互利。 例 如垄上种植玉米时沟顶上则应该种植小麦, 大豆, 或大蒜。 垄上种植 大豆时, 沟上则应该选择种植蘑菇, 葱等植物。
5、 沟箱体宽度小于 5cm时, 沟箱体顶层的土地(或其他沙, 石 等)平面上是不能种植和保有植物的。 尤其是高度超过垄上植物高度 的易倒伏的植物, 总原则, 沟是为垄服务的, 所以沟上的种植业要为 垄上的种植服务。
6、 沟箱体内的填充物料应当是有机物料。
本发明种植结构,有效的完整的彻底的解决了当前植物及其种植 的根本性困难, 即投入与污染, 投入与利用, 投入与协调的不平衡不 合协等全球范围内的难题,使之变的平衡而又合协。本发明种植结构, 有效的使土地 (含盐碱地、 沙地、 可耕地), 植物支撑物和植物之间的 能量即各种营养, (药、 肥、 水、 气、 热等)各种成分(含已形成过 剩的污染的各类成分) 重金属等有效在垄沟结构内自动循环运行起 来, 重新得到了调配、 延伸、 转换、 变换、 转化、 重组的良性能量运 行, 完善了植物的营养、 水分的供给, 使得植物对其生长发育开花结 果的不同时段对营养的吸收和利用达成最佳状态,从而得到了植物收 获物高效翻番保质保量的增产结果。
第二: 多垄层块和多沟箱体连接的基本结构设置, 简称多垄多沟 连接基本结构。
多垄层块和多沟箱体连接的基本结构是在垄层块和沟箱体的基 本结构的基础上, 以垄层块和沟箱体宽度的左右两边, 将不限数量的 多个垄层块和沟箱体边边, 边内相连, 组成多垄层块和沟箱体(凭以 宽度为准) 的连接的基本结构设置, 简称多垄多沟连接基本结构。
第三: 多隐垄层块和多平沟箱体连接的基本结构设置, 简称多隐 垄多平沟连接的基本结构。
该多隐垄层块和多平沟箱体连接的基本结构设置,是在垄沟连接 基本结构和多垄多沟连接基本结构的基础条件下, 将垄从土地平面
(含其它可种植或植物自然播种的植物支撑物平面)之上移至于土地 平面之下, 使之由地上的显垄, 变成地平面之下的隐垄, 而此时的沟 则变成与垄等高低或低于或稍低于或稍高于垄的沟, 因而成为平沟。 有因为也是不限数量的多个隐垄和平沟相连接,所以成为多隐垄多平 沟连接的基本结构, 这就是该结构的设置由来, 它的好处是可因地制 宜, 减省和节约劳动功时等等。
多低垄层块和多低沟箱体连接的基本结构,简称多低垄沟连接的 基本结构。
低垄层块是在隐垄层块的基础上,将垄层块的高度从土地平面再 向下低挖形成一个集水面, 其在其它尺寸均与垄层块相同外, 其向下 低挖的最深尺寸为 0.5米到 1.5米, 最佳深度为 15cm到 25cm, 底垄 层块的设计师为了适应较特殊的植物和区域而设置,有些植物本身就 低, 例如雨养农区植物, 沙漠区植物。 而有些植物为人工种植, 其植 物本身的种植要要求需要一个低垄层块集水保水, 遏制盐清化来生 长。 在完成低垄层块的设置同时,与之不能分离的沟箱体设置要低于 低垄层块, 其与低垄层块的连接高度为, 其边顶高度正式低垄层块的 边底低度, 此为低垄层块与低沟箱体的连接处。 以下具体阐述有机物料:
1、 有机物料的结构形态
有机物料的种类包括:
木质素
纤维素
半纤维素 (如: 分解过的浸黑的)
绿肥 (含新鲜绿肥)
秸秆 (含新鲜秸秆)
锯沫 (含新鲜锯沫)
其它含碳高的植物体, (如小麦、 水稻杆等) 以上有机物料作为 填充物放置于沟箱体内, 与沟箱体形成一个有效的结构体设置, 成为 一个不可分离的整体结构。 此外有机物料也可以是经包膜的产品, 例 如包膜肥。 这些有机物料使得垄层块的投放能量 (药、 肥、 水、 气、 热等等)有效的向沟箱体延伸、 运动、 从而形成了垄沟结构内能量的 自动循环运行, 减轻投放物的污染, 彻底改善了投放能量的调配, 组 合, 有效时投入能量得到了充分的利用。
有机物料的形态包括:
粉状, 颗粒度的最佳尺寸为 1mm到 5mm;
块状, 每块最佳尺寸为 5mm到 50mm;
杆状, 每最佳杆长 50mm左右最佳杆粗为 5mm到 25mm。
最小致细极为 0.01纳米到 5mm。
包膜肥的形状可呈半圆型,以及其它各种类型例如圆型、椭圆型、 棒形、 立体三角型、 多角型等等, 可是实际需要来定。 最佳直径尺寸 为 5mm到 30mm, 其上可附着无机肥料。 2、 有机物料与施肥
有机物料的填充位置不施肥或至少要施无机肥(填充位置即为沟 箱体)
3能投放位置
能量(药、 肥(含无机肥)水、 气、 热等)投放于垄层块面积上 及其周边, 也即是植物种植的根部土壤上及其附近。
4、 有机物料间隔距离
有机物料间隔距离的最佳距离应小于 2.5m, 特珠情况下应小于 4m。 即两个沟箱体的距离最佳小于 2.5m。
5、 有机物料作为沟箱体的填充物的作用:
有机物料填充物于沟箱体后和沟箱体形成一个有效的自动循环 整体, 它起到的主要作用是:
A )保肥: 有效吸收投放能量, 施肥位置流失(残留) 的能量, 养分(以再供给植物);
B )保水: 保持和存备降雨后, 灌溉后的水分;
C )保根系: 有机物料填充区域即沟箱体内成为根系(延伸)的, 主要生长区, 尤其是植物根系毛根的主要分布区。
6、 有机物料的配置
为了进一步改善种植效果, 可以根据栽培环境和具体栽培的植 物, 通过对沟箱体内的有机物料的调配来达到最佳植物生长效果。
用于调配的有机物料除了上述的各种外,还包括动物本身及其所 有的附着物, 例如毛、 发、 骨等。 此外根据需要还可以添加各种无机 物。 用于配置的各种原材料和各类有机物料, 部分无机物料相混合制 成各种物质后随大批有机物料填充到植物和种植的植物的沟箱体之 中时, 可生产出所需的各种具有极强医疗治疗功能的植物收获物, 从 而克服转基因食品的副作用,生产出更多更好的带有极强药力功能的 纯植物食品机的治疗药用功能的食品。 同时, 还可以生产出各种特殊 需要的特殊功用的各类纯植物的食品的植物收获物。
以下实施例中未作说明时, 沟箱体内均填充有有机物料。
实施例 1 .
如图 5A所示, 这是一种适于沙漠中使用的种植结构。 其包括了 相连接的垄层块(1 )、 沟箱体(2 ), 在沟箱体中具有填充物(3 ), 在 垄层块(1 ) 上种植苗 (4 ), 其根系 (5 ) 生长倾向于向沟箱体(2 ) 发展。
为适用于沙漠环境, 还设置有供水管 (6 )和供养管 (7 )。 供水 管(6 ), 在沙漠地中负责将水以侵渗方式和喷滴方式将水供给植物根 部。 该管道在垄层块和沟箱体中均进行铺设。
这里的喷滴, 在有压力时与植物根系接触的喷口会自动打开, 将 精分的水滴喷出, 无压力时喷口则自动关闭; 侵渗, 在管道设置的可 围绕接触植物根系的出口中, 装有渗透膜, 并设置膜渗透时间和间隔 时间, 渗透膜口在设置的渗透侵入根系时间内, 将管道内水以侵渗方 式供给植物根系。
如图 5B所示, 作为一种改进的实施方式, 其在种植结构的一侧 或两侧可以设置挡沙墙(8 ), 当沙墙兼具挡沙和挡风的作用。 挡沙墙 的主材料可以为沙子。营养管道和供水管道均附着于沙地或压埋于沙 地下边, 必要时设置固稳装置。
图 8显示的是一种可移动的沙箱土地种植结构,主要是在人工箱 中设置沙子用以固稳根物及其根系。 该投放的沙子, 即为垄层块, 而 沟箱体则可放于其两边或其底下,也可同时设置于垄层块的两边和底 下。 根据作物吃营养的不同时段, 终于匹配性营养供给(用管道)。
按照图 5A的种植结构, 在沙地挖掘形成垄沟结构, 并在垄层块 中铺设管道用于提供水分和营养。 垄层块纵截面呈梯形, 相应的沟箱 体呈倒梯形, 垄层块宽 3米比地平面高 10cm, 沟箱体宽 30cm米深 90cm (相对地平面), 沟箱体中填充粉碎至 5mm到 25mm的玉米秸 秆, 在垄层块上种植苜蓿。 同时在本区未经处理的沙地上种植苜蓿, 作为对照, 从 4月份播种, 常规管理, 种植至 8月份,种植期 4个月。 与对照相比, 植物生长量平均提高了 23倍。
实施例 2
本例是一种适用于淡海水条件下的种植结构。 所谓淡海水, 就是 指江河流入大海的水, 例如长江、 黄河入海水, 本例的种植区域就设 在河水如海处。
与一般结构相比, 其在垄层块外设置一层膜网 (9 ) (图 6 ), 构 成所谓的膜网式垄层块,这种需要具有反渗透作用,例如是反渗透膜。 其作用是将淡水进入膜内, 而将海水阻(反渗透) 于网膜之外。 另, 也可内沙,石,等其它填充物直接设置于河水入海口,组成种植区域。
种植区域可以使网膜式垄层块, 沟箱体等组成的种植箱。 也可以 是不用网膜, 而直接用石, 沙, 等组成的种植区域, 这可以视实际种 植状况而定。 总之, 其基本结构仍然是垄沟结构其基本原理。
实施例 3
本例是一种多层式的立体种植结构,例如, 常见的在温室中通过 支架搭建的多层式种植结构, 其每层均具有相连的垄层块和沟箱体 (图 7 )。 这种种植结构也可以设置在楼内, 或者阳台或房顶上, 充 分利用空间。 为便于管理, 应当在各层的垄层块和沟箱体上铺设供养 管和供水管。
实施例 4
本例是一种家庭小型便携式种植结构 (图 8 ), 这种结构将沟箱 体(2 )的主要部分放在垄层块(1 )的下方, 增加了垄层块的可用面 积。在垄层块的上方设置一个或多个孔(10 ),孔可以通达沟箱体(2 ), 用于供给营养和水分。
家庭式的种植结构, 可解决几口之家的蔬菜、 水果的吃用, 所用 的肥料营养可外购, 也可使用家庭成员的大小便。 实施例 5
如图 9所示, 这是一种适合山坡地、 丘陵地等具有一定斜度或者 高低不平的地方使用的种植结构, 其与一般结构相似, 但垄层块(1 ) 及沟箱体(2 ) 的形状往往不规则。 具体形状需要根据坡体的形状确 定。 垄层块和沟箱体则宜釆用多隐垄沟及多低垄沟形式。
实施例 6
如图 10所示,是一种移动式垄沟结合的种植结构,其沟箱体(2 ) 在垄层块(1 )的两侧 (也可以在其四周), 在种植结构的地下装有轮 子(11 ), 以便种植结构移动。 在垄层块(1 ) 的上方设置一, 个或多 个孔 (10 ), 孔可以通达沟箱体(2 ), 用于供给营养和水分。
该移动式多功能垄沟型结构, 可摆入超巿出售, 特别适合那些沙 漠区域人们生活的需要,可栽种任何植物,投入成本少,环保无污染, 而家庭成员的大小便即可满足植物所需营养。
实施例 7
如图 11A所示, _本例中的种植结构其垄层块(1 ) 呈圆形, 在其 外围是一圈沟箱体(2 ), 其形状是与垄层块相适应的圆形。 这种形状 结构的种植结构特别适合高大树木的栽培种植,例如桉树,在森(林) 地中可广泛使用, 对道路两侧种植的树木也特别适用。
作为以上种植结构的变形, 沟箱体( 2 )可以是半环绕垄层块( 1 ) 的实施方式 (图 11B )。 此外, 另一种变形是在垄层块(1 ) 的四周设 置多个沟箱体(2 ),使之呈散点状,这种实施方式在林地中尤为适用。
按照图 11A 的种植结构, 在云南种植橡胶树的林地, 设置垄沟 结构, 垄层块平均直径 2.5m (视橡胶树大小略作调整), 沟箱体宽度 为 15cm, 深 30cm, 沟箱体中填充锯末, 常规管理。 以 100株改成垄 沟结构的橡胶树为实验组, 100株未改造的橡胶树为对照组, 相同条 件下常规管理。 2008 年初至年末为期一年, 统计全年的橡胶产量, 结果表明, 实验组比对照组产量平均高出 1.0倍。 实施例 8
如图 12所示, 这种垄层块(1 )与沟箱体(2)的衔接比较平缓, 垄层块(1 )呈圆弧形, 沟箱体(2)呈到圆弧形, 这种种植结构尤为 适合于灌木生长。
实施例 9
如图 13所示, 这种垄层块(1 )较宽且平坦, 沟箱体(2)较窄 相对较深, 这种方式垄层块(1 )的可用面积大, 尤为适合种植草地。 实施例 10
图 14所示的是一种多隐垄式种植结构, 垄层块(1 )低于沟箱体 (2)的侧壁, 且沟箱体(2)呈倒梯形, 通过沟箱体侧壁向上的延伸, 使沟箱体(2) 开口更小, 同时也起到使雨水在垄层块实现聚集和浇 灌的目的。 这种结构尤其适合在干單区域使用, 如在干單区域种植果 树。
工业实用性
本发明种植结构能使植物在生长速度、产量、 生物量等方面发生 显著提高, 甚至提高数倍, 并同时能改善、 提高植物品质。 并且, 还 具有改良土壤去除土壤污染、友好环境等作用。 适合在农业上广泛推 广应用。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种种植结构, 包括相连接的至少一个垄层块和至少一个沟 箱体, 在沟箱体中填装有有机物料, 该有机填料的密度低于垄层块的 密度。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的种植结构, 其包括相连接的多个垄层块 和多个沟箱体, 垄层块之间由沟箱体相间隔。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其中所述垄层块呈长方 形、 圆形、 椭圆形或不规则形状。
4、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其中所述垄层块纵截面 呈拱形、 梯形、 倒梯形、 矩形或不规则形状。
5、 如权利要求 3所述的种植结构, 其中所述沟箱体的形状与垄 层块的形状相适应。
6、 . 如权利要求 4所述的种植结构, 其中所述沟箱体的形状与垄 层块的形状相适应。
7、 如权利要求 5所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 当所述垄层块 呈圆形或椭圆形时, 所述沟箱体呈与之相适应的圆形或圆弧。
8、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 所述沟箱 体的壁高于垄层块。
9、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 在所述垄 层块和 /或沟箱体中铺设有营养和 /或水分供给管道。
10、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 所述垄层 块为土壤和 /或其它植物根系支持物。
11、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 所述土壤 为荒漠土、 沙漠土、 盐碱土、 半盐碱土、 酸性土或壤土, 所述其它根 系支持物选自沙、 碎石、 塑料、 木屑、 泥炭中的一种或多种。
12、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 所述有机 物料选自: 木质素, 纤维素, 半纤维素, 绿肥, 经粉碎或切碎的桔秆, 锯末, 动物体及其附着物以及动物排泄物中的一种或多种。
13、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 所述有机 物料为高碳含量有机体。
14、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 所述有机 物料的形状为:
粉状, 颗粒度为 lmm〜5mm;
块状, 每块尺寸为 5mm〜50mm; 或
杆状, 杆长 30〜70mm, 粗为 5mm〜25mm。
15、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 所述有机 物料的大小为 0.01nm〜5mm。
16、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其特征在于, 所述有机 物料为包膜有机物料。
17、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的种植结构, 其为多层式种植结构, 每层均具有相连的垄层块和沟箱体。
18、 一种便携式植物种植结构, 其具有权利要求 1〜17任一项所 述的种植结构以及便于其转运的装置。
19、 一种种植方法, 其特征在于, 在权利要求 1〜18所述种植结 构的垄层块上种植植物。
20、 如权利要求 19所述的方法, 其特征在于, 还包括在所述种 植结构的沟箱体上种植植物。
21、 一种土壤调理方法, 其特征在于, 将土壤进行处理, 形成权 利要求 1〜9任一项所述种植结构中的垄层块和沟箱体结构,并在沟箱 体中添加有机物料, 所述有机物料的密度低于土壤的密度。
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