Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D19/00—Details
  • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
  • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
  • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
  • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
  • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
  • F24H15/258—Outdoor temperature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
  • F24H15/305—Control of valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
  • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
  • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
  • F24H15/38—Control of compressors of heat pumps
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
  • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
  • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
  • F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
  • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
  • F24D2103/17—Storage tanks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
  • F24D2103/20—Additional heat sources for supporting thermal peak loads
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
  • F24D2200/19—Fuel cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
  • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
  • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
  • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
  • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
  • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for operating a combined heat and power plant, wherein a first portion of a first fuel in
• At least one fuel cell of a fuel cell system of the combined heat and power plant is electrochemically converted, whereby an electric power and heat is generated, wherein a second portion of the first
• Fuel that leaves the fuel cell without implementation, is burned after leaving the fuel cell in an afterburner of the fuel cell system while heat is generated, in a booster of the cogeneration plant, a second fuel is combustible while heat is generated, wherein an optimal first portion of the first fuel can be implemented at an optimum operating point of the fuel cell, according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the invention relates to a combined heat and power plant according to the preamble of claim 9.
• Fuel cell plant generating electricity, wherein the waste heat resulting from the power production of a further use, e.g. a heating circuit for a space heating and / or a hot water system, is provided.
• a heating circuit for a space heating and / or a hot water system is provided.
• it may happen at certain times of day or season that a current heat requirement, i. the heat needed for space heating and / or for the hot water system, which exceeds the waste heat generated during power generation.
• DE 102 58 707 A1 discloses a system with a fuel cell heater and with an addition to the fuel cell heater in the system arranged additional heater. Furthermore, a layer memory for
• the auxiliary heater is switched on when in an upper part of the stratified storage the temperature of
• a fuel cell system If a fuel cell system is operated to generate electricity without heat extraction, it is attempted to allow the highest possible proportion of the supplied fuel to react electrochemically, without resulting in aging of the fuel cell. To generate a desired electrical power so little fuel is supplied. It must be implemented electrochemically as high a proportion of fuel in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency, the efficiency refers to the electrical power output per supplied amount of fuel. On the other hand, however, in order to avoid aging, the
• Fuel cell system which usually has a plurality of fuel cells, are operated stoichiometrically. That means more
• Fuel of the anode and more oxidant must be supplied to the cathode, as there electrochemically reacts. This can be a
• aging at the optimum operating point of the fuel cell is not minimal.
• the efficiency of the combined heat and power plant should remain essentially unchanged and yet aging of the fuel cell compared to the prior art be further reduced.
• the first portion of the first fuel is lowered compared to the optimum operating point, so that more heat than at the optimal operating point in the afterburner is produced.
• An inventive combined heat and power plant has a
• Fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell and a
• the fuel cell system is an electrical voltage and optionally generates an electric current in the fuel cell and heat in the fuel cell and in the afterburner.
• the combined heat and power plant has an additional heater, in the heat through
• the auxiliary heater can be a boiler, a spa or a burner. It can be integrated with the fuel cell system in a device or designed as a separate device. In particular, the
• z. B a heat exchanger or a fuel supply.
• a heat storage can be used, the z. B. may be a buffer memory, a hot water tank or a combination memory.
• the invention is based on the recognition that an optimum operating point of the fuel cell does not have to correspond to a most advantageous operating point of the combined heat and power plant. As optimal operating point of
• Fuel cell is considered the operating point in which the highest possible first proportion of first fuel in the fuel cell is electrochemically reacted without a specified rate of aging of the fuel cell is exceeded.
• the first portion of the first fuel is also referred to as a gas utilization rate and corresponds to the proportion of the first fuel that is reacted in the fuel cell, based on the amount of the first fuel that is supplied to the fuel cell system. It may, for example, be 70% to 80% at the optimum operating point of the fuel cell and is referred to as the optimum first fraction.
• a reduced first portion of the first fuel hereinafter denotes a first portion which is below the first portion at the optimum operating point of the fuel cell.
• a combined heat and power plant can be operated most advantageously at a point of operation other than a generation-only fuel cell, since in a combined heat and power plant both the electrical power generated and the heat generated are used and thus in the efficiency of the force Heat-coupling system.
• the method according to the invention is described below with an operating point compared the combined heat and power plant, at which the fuel cell is operated at its optimum operating point and thereby not covered, high heat demand by burning the second fuel in the
• Afterburner can be burned. Although it is burned according to the invention more first fuel in the afterburner, but no or correspondingly less second fuel must be burned in the auxiliary heater. As a result, the amount of total combusted first and second fuel and thus the efficiency of the cogeneration plant is approximately constant, but with the lower first portion of the first fuel a
• the first portion of the first fuel is lowered, because due to a reduced power production at the same throughput of the first fuel by the fuel cell less fuel in the fuel cell is electrochemically reacted.
• the decreased first portion of the first fuel is generated by passing more first fuel through the fuel cell and increasing throughput through the fuel cell. In both cases, the local
• Concentration of the first fuel increases at an anode of the fuel cell, so that a higher electrical voltage is generated in the fuel cell. This results in the advantage that for the same electrical power, the fuel cell has to produce a lower power. This additionally prevents aging of the fuel cell. It can be provided that this additional advantage is used and the electrical power is kept constant. Alternatively it can be provided that an electric current generated by the fuel cell is kept constant. In this case, the throughput of the first fuel through the fuel cell must be increased in order to obtain a reduced first share with the same power production.
• the voltage can be kept constant.
• the inverter can adjust the fuel cell to a constant current, a constant power or a constant voltage.
• the first portion of the first fuel can only be lowered to a lower limit.
• This lower limit can be
• a control and / or regulation of the combined heat and power plant is provided: If a heat demand is less than or equal to a heat that can be provided by the fuel cell system at an optimum operating point of the fuel cell, so is a
• the heat demand is so high, as can be made available by the fuel cell system at an adjustment of the first portion of the first fuel between the lower limit and the optimum first proportion, it is only in the
• Fuel cell system generates the required heat.
• the auxiliary heater does not burn any second fuel. If the heat demand is higher than can be provided by the fuel cell system at an adjustment of the first portion of the first fuel at the lower limit, a second fuel in the auxiliary heater is combusted to provide additional fuel
• Booster heater is burned only when, even with a first portion of the first fuel at the lower limit, e.g. 50-60%, the heat coming from the fuel cell plant no longer meets the heat demand. So is the heat demand based on a heat demand that is less than or equal to a heat that can be provided by the fuel cell system at an optimum operating point of the fuel cell, increased, so that the heat demand at an optimal first portion of the first fuel are no longer covered can, then the first portion of the first fuel is minimized to minimum to the lower limit. Does that rise?
• Heat requirement even further so that the heat demand with a first Part of the first fuel at the lower limit can not be met, then causes a control and / or regulation that a second fuel is supplied to the auxiliary heater and burned there. If the heat requirement decreases again, the supply of the second fuel to the additional heater is initially prevented. If the heat requirement falls even further, the first portion of the first fuel is increased to a maximum of the optimal first portion.
• the heat provided by the combined heat and power plant may be used for various purposes, e.g. a space heating and / or for a hot water system of public or private buildings and / or for industrial processes, e.g. used as a process heat of the chemical industry or in a food production.
• a space heating and / or for a hot water system of public or private buildings and / or for industrial processes, e.g. used as a process heat of the chemical industry or in a food production.
• the following is an example of a use of heat for a space heating and a hot water system in a household.
• a heat-absorbing medium in particular water, can be any heat-absorbing medium.
• the heat storage is used to store heat in the times in which the electricity production exceeds the heat demand.
• a heat demand can be determined proactively. Also the time course of the measured temperatures, in particular the temperature or the
• the cycle of the heat-absorbing medium may include the heating of the space heating, ie the heat-absorbing medium can transport both the heat of the cogeneration plant to the use of devices as well as a heating circuit of the
• the temperature of the heat-absorbing medium can be measured at any point of the circuit and / or the heating circuit.
• the temperature of the heat-absorbing medium is measured behind hinterst behind arranged by the auxiliary heater and the afterburner.
• the temperature of the heat-absorbing medium is measured behind hinterst behind arranged by the auxiliary heater and the afterburner.
• Arrangement of auxiliary heater and afterburner is preferably the temperature after merging a flow path of the
• Circuit containing the afterburner, and a flow path of the circuit containing the auxiliary heater measured.
• the supply of second fuel to the auxiliary heater and / or the supply of first fuel to the fuel cell and / or the fuel cell system is adjusted by a common control and / or regulation.
• at least one of the above-mentioned temperatures is transmitted to the control and / or regulation, which then adjusts the supply of first fuel and possibly the additional supply of second fuel according to the heat demand, as described above.
• the supply of second fuel to the auxiliary heater and / or the supply of first fuel to the fuel cell or the fuel cell system can each be done by an independent control and / or regulation, wherein in particular each control and / or regulation the temperature of a
• Supply of the first fuel to the fuel cell may be controlled or regulated by compressors disposed behind the auxiliary heater and / or the fuel cell.
• valves disposed in front of the auxiliary heater and / or the fuel cell may affect a ratio of an oxidant supplied to a cathode of the fuel cell and the first fuel. Should the ratio of Oxidants are not changed to the first fuel, throttles can be used instead of the valves. Alternatively you can
• Compressor located in front of the auxiliary heater and / or the fuel cell.
• the object is also achieved by a combined heat and power plant with a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell and an afterburner, wherein in the fuel cell, a first portion of a first fuel is electrochemically implementable, and wherein in the afterburner, a second portion of the first fuel , which leaves the fuel cell, without being implemented, is combustible, and with an auxiliary heater, wherein in the auxiliary heater, a second fuel is combustible.
• the combined heat and power plant has at least one control and / or regulation, which is realized in at least one corresponding control and / or regulating device, which is at a heat demand that is higher than the heat at an optimum operating point of the fuel cell through the
• Fuel cell system can be generated, the first portion of the first fuel has decreased, so that burns more first fuel than at the optimum operating point of the fuel cell in the afterburner.
• the fuel cell may be a SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell).
• the fuel cell system may have a plurality of fuel cells, which are connected to a fuel cell stack or to a
• Fuel cell bundles can be summarized. At the first
• Fuel can be natural gas, biogas, pure methane or longer-chain hydrocarbons such as propane, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, LPG or heating oil.
• the first fuel may be methanol or a longer chain alcohol.
• the first fuel may be partially or completely reformed prior to entering the fuel cell or in the fuel cell. This creates a fuel that is rich in hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide. Among the first fuel will be both the reformed and the
• a third portion of the first fuel leaving the fuel cell is made available to the fuel cell by recirculation.
• the second portion of the first fuel is thus around reduced the third share.
• the third portion can also be adjusted according to the heat demand and reduced in particular with increasing heat demand.
• the second and third share are also based on the amount of the first
• Fuel which is supplied to the fuel cell system, based.
• the afterburner of the fuel cell system and designed as a burner auxiliary heater may have a common combustion chamber.
• the first fuel is supplied to the common combustion chamber through the fuel cell.
• the second fuel is fed directly to the common combustion chamber without flowing through the fuel cell.
• Control device of the combined heat and power plant according to the invention for controlling and / or regulating the ratio of the first fuel to the second fuel are applied to the common combustion chamber.
• the second fuel may be the same substance as the first fuel. However, the second fuel and the first fuel may also be different substances.
• the auxiliary heater may be a gas fired value heater.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a first embodiment of a combined heat and power plant according to the invention with two utilization devices
• Fig. 2 is a schematic drawing of a second
• Fig. 3 is a schematic plot of an electrical voltage across an electrical current at different first portions of a first fuel.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 Elements with the same function and mode of operation are provided in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the same reference numerals.
• a first embodiment of a combined heat and power plant 10 is shown.
• the combined heat and power plant 10 provides heat for two utilities, a space heating heating circuit 50, and a hot water system 51 for a building, not shown.
• the combined heat and power plant 10 has a fuel cell system 20 with an exemplary fuel cell 21, an anode 22 and a cathode 23 and an afterburner 24.
• Natural gas is supplied as a first fuel to the anode 22 in a flow path 70 through a first compressor 27.
• a second compressor 28 oxygen-containing air as the oxidizing agent of the cathode 23 in one
• Flow path 71 is supplied.
• the first and second compressors 27, 28 are disposed in front of the fuel cell 21.
• Flow path 72 and is partially passed in a Rezirkulationsströmungsweg 73 to an input 22 'of the anode 22 and partially in the afterburner 24.
• a compression device 29 on the recirculation flow path 73 may adjust how much hydrogen returns to the anode 22 and how much hydrogen reaches the afterburner 24.
• the hydrogen and the unreacted oxygen coming from the cathode 23 on a flow path 74 are burned, generating heat.
• the combustion products leave the afterburner 24 by a
• the first proportion of hydrogen may vary between the optimum proportion and the lower limit value, ie approximately between 50 to 80%, depending on whether and to what extent the heat which is produced in accordance with the electric power demand Heat requirement covers.
• Auxiliary heater 30 burned natural gas as a second fuel.
• the natural gas is supplied to the auxiliary heater 30 on a flow path 76 and air by means of a fourth compressor 34 on a flow path 77 with the aid of a third compressor 33.
• Flow paths of the fuels and the air 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 are shown by solid lines.
• an inverter 41 which converts the direct current produced by the fuel cell 21 into alternating current, a constant current, a constant power or a constant voltage can be preset.
• Water as a heat receiving medium is circulated in a circuit 60. Flow paths of the circuit 60 are shown in dashed lines. In this case, the water flows through the afterburner 24 by means of a pump 61 and optionally by means of a pump 65
• the use devices 50, 51 are fluidically arranged in parallel.
• the proportion of the water flowing through each of the use devices 50, 51 can be adjusted by a 3/2 way valve 66.
• the heat generated in the fuel cell 21 itself is caused by the currents of
• the auxiliary heater 30 and the fuel cell system 20 have two separate control devices 47, 48. To both control devices 47, 48, a temperature of the water, which has left the afterburner 24 and optionally the auxiliary heater 30, transmitted.
• Temperature of the water is determined in a temperature measuring device 46, wherein the temperature measuring device 46 is arranged after a merger of the parallel flow paths through the auxiliary heater 30 and the afterburner 24 in the circuit 60.
• Fuel cell system 20 uses the determined temperature, the electrical power of the first and second compressor 27, 28 and the
• Compression device 29 a Also communicates the
• Control device 47 with the inverter 41st The regulating device 48 of the auxiliary heater 30 adjusts the electric power of the third and fourth compressors 33, 34 on the basis of the determined temperature.
• control and / or regulation device 47 may also include a measurement of the requested electrical power of the building in the control and / or regulation, for example, with the aim of generating as little electrical power that can not be consumed in the same building.
• FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a combined heat and power plant 10 according to the invention with two use devices 50, 51. In the following, only the differences compared to FIG. 1 will be discussed.
• the natural gas and the air are sucked in the auxiliary heater 30 by means of a compressor 35 arranged in a common exhaust stream 78, wherein the ratio of natural gas and air can be adjusted by a valve 31 in the flow path 76 and a valve 32 in the flow path 77.
• a compressor 27 ' in the exhaust stream 75 the amount of natural gas and air and by valves 25, 26 in the flow paths 70, 71 set the ratio of natural gas to air. A recirculation does not take place.
• the afterburner 24 and the auxiliary heater 30 are fluidically arranged in the circuit 60 in series.
• a 3/2-way valve 64 behind the afterburner 24 may in times of high heat production of the fuel cell system 20 so be switched that the water, the heat of the fuel cell system 20 not to the use devices 50, 51, but to a
• Heat storage 42 transported.
• the stored heat can in times of high heat demand by means of the pump 63 the
• the combined heat and power plant 10 has a common
• Control device 40 which is an outdoor temperature by means of a first temperature measuring device 43 and temperatures of the heat accumulator 42 at two different locations by means of a second and third
• Temperature measuring device 44, 45 measures. The measured temperatures are transmitted to communication means 46 to the control means 40, which then causes the valves 25, 26, 31, 32, the compressors 27 ' , 35 and the inverter 41 are adjusted according to the inventive method. It can also be provided that the
• Control device 40 the pumps 61, 63, 65 adjusts (not shown).
• the controller 40 may also use a measurement of the requested electrical power of the building.
• FIG. 3 shows a plot of an electrical voltage U across an electrical current I.
• the straight line A shows the dependence of the voltage U on the current I at a low first portion of the first fuel
• the straight line B shows the dependence of the voltage U on the current Represents I at a high first portion of the first fuel.
• the curve P (const.) Shows a line of constant electric power P. At a low first part (straight line A), the current I is reduced for the same power P, so that aging of the fuel cell 21 is reduced in addition to the effect of
• Gas utilization can be further reduced.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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• 2010
  • 2010-01-19 DE DE102010001011A patent/DE102010001011A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-01-17 EP EP11700747.6A patent/EP2526344B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-01-17 WO PCT/EP2011/050502 patent/WO2011089082A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2011-01-17 JP JP2012549316A patent/JP2013527555A/ja active Pending

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