Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system

Definitions

• This invention is directed to salts of a factor Xa inhibitor 5-chloro-N-((l-(4-(2- oxopyridin- 1 (2H)-yl)phenyl)- 1 H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide, crystalline forms of the factor Xa inhibitor and compositions and methods thereof.
• Compound I is a factor Xa inhibitor described in U.S. Patents 7,763,608 and 7,767,697 (which are incorporated by reference in their entirety) and has been shown to have anticoagulation activity in vivo.
• this invention provides a crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of 5 -chloro-N-(( 1 -(4-(2-oxopyridin- 1 (2H)-yl)phenyl)- 1 H-imidazol-4- yl)methyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide, having the formula of:
• this invention provides the mesylate salt of Compound I wherein at least a portion of the salt is present in the crystalline Form A.
• this invention provides a method for preparing the crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I comprising combining the free base of Compound I with at least one equivalent of methanesulfonic acid in a solvent comprising methyl ethyl ketone, and optionally tetrahydrofuran.
• this invention provides a crystalline Form B of a mesylate salt of 5-chloro-N-((l -(4-(2-oxopyridin- 1 (2H)-yl)phenyl)- lH-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thiophene-2- carboxamide, having the formula of:
• this invention provides a phosphate salt of Compound I, wherein at least a portion of the salt is present in a crystalline Form B.
• this invention provides a method for preparing the crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I comprising recrystallizing a mesylate salt of Compound I in a solvent comprising acetone and optionally water and/or methylethyl ketone.
• this invention provides a l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt is present in a crystalline form. In some embodiments, this invention provides a crystalline form of the l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt of Compound I. [0011] In another aspect, this invention provides a crystalline form of a phosphate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the phosphate salt of Compound I is selected from the group consisting of a crystalline form having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially the same as
• an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having at least four 29° peaks selected from the group consisting of about 6.5, about 8.0, about 8.8, about 11.0, about 14.5, about 17.3, and about 18.2; or
• an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having at least four 29° peaks selected from the group consisting of about 4, about 6.5, about 8.2, about 13.9, about 14.5, about 16, about 17.45, about 18.2, about 19.15, about 20.1, about 21.45, about 22.35, about 23.5, about 24.0, about 25.2, about 27.65, and about 28.25.
• At least a portion of the phosphate salt is present in a crystalline form.
• this invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the salt of Compound I.
• this invention provides a method for preventing or treating a condition in a mammal characterized by undesired thrombosis comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the salt of Compound I as described herein.
• Figure 1 provides a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a mesylate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 2 provides an infrared spectrum of the mesylate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 3a and 3b provides X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns of crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 4 provides an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I pre- and post-Gravimetric Vapour Sorption (GVS), in which Form A was exposed up to 90% RH at 25°C and showed good physical stability after brief high moisture exposure.
• XRPD X-ray powder diffraction
• Figure 5 provides a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scan of crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 6 provides an XRPD pattern of crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 7 provides an XRPD pattern of crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of the compound of Formula I pre- and post-GVS (exposed up to 90%> RH at 25°C), which showed good physical stability of Form B after brief high moisture exposure.
• Figures 8a and 8b provide DSC scans of different samples crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of the compound of Formula.
• the second peak at about 209 °C in
• Figure 8a is likely due to re-crystallization after the monohydrate crystalline melted.
• Figure 9 provides an XRPD pattern of Compound I free base.
• Figure 10a provides an XRPD pattern of a crystalline form of a l-hydroxy-2- naphthoate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 10b provides an XRPD pattern of a crystalline form of a l-hydroxy-2- naphthoate salt of Compound I pre and post GVS.
• Figure 11 provides a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scan for a crystalline form of the l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 12 provides an XRPD pattern of a crystalline Form 1 of the phosphate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 13 provides an XRPD pattern of a sample of a crystalline Form 2 of the phosphate salt of Compound I, which sample is not particularly crystalline and may be of limited representation of Form 2 of the phosphate salt.
• Figure 14 provides an XRPD pattern of a crystalline Form 3 of the phosphate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 15 provides an XRPD pattern of a crystalline form of the thiocyanate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 16 provides an XRPD pattern of a crystalline form of the hydrochloride salt of Compound I.
• Figure 17 provides an XRPD pattern of a crystalline form of the maleate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 18 provides a TGA analysis of the crystalline Form 3 of the phosphate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 19 provides a DSC analysis of the crystalline Form 3 of the phosphate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 20 provides a GVS isotherm plot of the crystalline Form 3 of the phosphate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 21 provides a TGA analysis of a crystalline form of l-hydroxy-2- naphthoate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 22 provides a GVS isotherm plot of a crystalline form of 1 -hydroxy-2- naphthoate salt of Compound I.
• Figures 23 provides a TGA analysis of the crystalline Form 2 of the phosphate salt of Compound I.
• Figures 24 provides a DSC analysis of the crystalline Form 2 of the phosphate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 25 provides a GVS isotherm plot of the crystalline Form 2 of the phosphate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 26 provides a DSC analysis of the crystalline of the maleate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 27 provides a GVS analysis of the crystalline of the maleate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 28 provides a GVS analysis of crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I.
• Figure 29 provides a DSC analysis of a crystalline form of the hydrochloride salt of Compound I.
• Figure 30 provides a GVS analysis of a crystalline form of the hydrochloride salt of Compound I.
• compositions and methods include the recited elements, but not excluding others.
• Consisting essentially of when used to define compositions and methods shall mean excluding other elements of any essential significance to the combination. For example, a composition consisting essentially of the elements as defined herein would not exclude other elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention.
• Consisting of shall mean excluding more than trace amount of other ingredients and substantial method steps recited. Embodiments defined by each of these transition terms are within the scope of this invention.
• the proton of a salt of Compound I may be in different positions of a imidazole ring the molecule.
• a salt of Compound I includes all structural variations due to the position of the salt proton unless otherwise indicated.
• "Patient” refers to mammals and includes humans and non-human mammals.
• Amorphous refers to a composition comprising a compound that contains no or too little crystalline content of the compound to yield a discernable pattern by XRPD or other diffraction techniques.
• glassy materials are a type of amorphous material. Amorphous materials do not have a true crystal lattice, and are glassy, technically resembling very viscous non-crystalline liquids. Glasses may better be described as quasi-solid amorphous material. As is known in the art, an amorphous material refers to a quasi-solid. A compound in an amorphous state may be produced by rapidly evaporating solvent from a solution of a compound, or by grinding, pulverizing or otherwise physically pressurizing or abrading the compound while in a crystalline state.
• Crystalline refers to a material that contains a specific compound or a salt of the compound, which may be hydrated and/or solvated, and has sufficient crystalline content to exhibit a discernable diffraction pattern by XRPD or other diffraction techniques. Crystallines can be characterized by their crystalline structure (X-ray diffraction pattern), their thermal properties (as determined by DSC and TGA), stability, solubility, etc. The X-ray diffraction pattern is presented as characteristic 29° peaks and one skilled in the art can readily identify a crystalline form of a compound or salt based on the characteristic 29° peaks of an X-ray diffraction pattern of the polymorph.
• characteristic peaks are those having a relative intensity of 25 % or more. In some embodiments, characteristic peaks are those that have a relative intensity of 10 % or more. In some embodiments, characteristic peaks are those that have a relative intensity of 5 % or more.
• a crystalline of a compound or a salt may be characterized by properties including one or more of the following as described in details herein:
• thermogravimetric analysis TGA
• vapor sorption curve such as Gravimetric Vapour Sorption (GVS)
• a crystalline material that is obtained by direct crystallization of a compound dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture or solution or interconversion of crystals obtained under different crystallization conditions may have crystals that contain the solvent used in the crystallization.
• Such compositions may be referred to as a crystalline solvate.
• the solvent is water
• such compositions may be referred to as a crystalline hydrate.
• the specific solvent system and physical embodiment in which the crystallization is performed collectively termed as crystallization conditions, may result in the crystalline material having physical and chemical properties that are unique to the crystallization conditions.
• Polymorph or “polymorphic form” refers to a crystalline form of a substance that is distinct from another crystalline form but that shares the same chemical formula.
• the different polymorphic forms of the same compound can have an impact on one or more physical properties, such as stability, solubility, melting point, bulk density, flow properties, bioavailability, etc.
• Pseudopolymorph refers to a crystalline form of a hydrate or solvate of a compound. In contrast to polymorphs, pseudopolymorphs are chemically identical except differ in the amount of water or solvent bound in the crystal lattice. Depending on the solvent used during synthesis and/or crystallization some compounds form hydrates (with water) or solvates (with other solvents) in different stoichiometric ratio. Pseudopolymorphs may show different physical properties like habitus, stability, dissolution rate and bioavailability as known for polymorphs.
• Treatment or “treating” means any treatment of a disease or disorder in a subject, including:
• the term "preventing” refers to the prophylactic treatment of a patient in need thereof.
• the prophylactic treatment can be accomplished by providing an appropriate dose of a therapeutic agent to a subject at risk of suffering from an ailment, thereby substantially averting onset of the ailment.
• Therapeutically effective amount refers to that amount of a compound of this invention that is sufficient to effect treatment, as defined below, when administered to a subject in need of such treatment.
• the therapeutically effective amount will vary depending upon the subject and disease condition being treated, the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease condition, the particular compound chosen, the dosing regimen to be followed, timing of administration, the manner of administration and the like, all of which can readily be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
• Disease condition refers to a disease state for which the compounds, compositions and methods of the present invention are being used against.
• Blood sample refers to whole blood taken from a subject, or any fractions of blood including plasma or serum.
• this invention provides salts, polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs of Compound I.
• salt forms of Compound I include a mesylate salt, phosphate salt, thiocyanate salt and l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt.
• Compound I was unable to form salts under tested conditions with certain acids, such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid. While not intended to be bound by any theory, it is contemplated that this may be due to the poor solubility of the free base of Compound I. Further, the thiocyanate salt was not reproduced upon scaling up.
• this invention provides a mesylate salt of Compound I.
• the mesylate salt may exist in an amorphous form or in a crystalline form or a mixture of an amorphous form and a crystalline form or a mixture of several polymorphic and/or pseudopolymorphic forms. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the salt is in a crystalline form.
• the mesylate salt of Compound I refers to the salt formed between Compound I and methanesulfonic acid (CH3SO3H), in an equivalent ratio of, for example, about 1 to 1.
• the mesylate salt of Compound I is of the formula:
• a crystalline Form A or Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I is chemically identical to any other crystalline polymorph of that compound in containing the same atoms bonded to one another in the same way, but differs in its crystal forms.
• Pseudopolymorphs are chemically identical except differ in the amount of water or solvent bound in the crystal lattice. Depending on the solvent used during synthesis and/or crystallization some compounds form hydrates (with water) or solvates (with other solvents) in different stoichiometric ratio.
• the different crystalline forms of the same compound can have an impact on one or more physical properties, such as stability, solubility, melting point, bulk density, flow properties, bioavailability, etc.
• Form A and Form B, of the mesylate salt of Compound I provide good stability, solubility, melting point, bulk density, and flow properties. Crystalline Form A has an excellent physical and chemical stability and has a higher melting point than Form B.
• Polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs can be characterized by their crystalline structure (as determined by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD)), their thermal properties, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), stability, solubility, etc.
• XRPD X-ray diffraction pattern
• DSC differential scanning calorimetry
• TGA thermal gravimetric analysis
• Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I is characterized by the XRPD shown in Figure 3a, 3b or 4, the DSC data shown in Figure 5, and/or the GVS analysis shown in Figure 28.
• Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I is characterized by the X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Figure 6 or 7 and the DSC data shown in Figure 8a or Figure 8b.
• the crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having at least four 2-theta (29°) peaks selected from those listed in Table 9 below. In some embodiments, the crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having at least six, eight or ten 29° peaks selected from those listed in Table 9 below. In some embodiments, the crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having six, eight or ten 29° peaks listed in Table 9 below that have the highest relative intensity. In some
• the crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having all of the characteristic 29° peaks listed in Table 9 below.
• Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I is physically stable after 6 months of storage at 40 °C and 75% RH.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form A which shows an XRPD pattern having at least four, six, eight or ten, or all of 29° peaks selected from the following: about 14.85, about 17.0, about 17.35, about 18.05, about 20.3, about 20.95, about 21.85, about 23.2, about 26.13, about 26.85, and about 31.75.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form A which shows an XRPD pattern having at least the following 29° peaks: about 17.0, about 18.05, about 20.3, about 20.95, about 21.85, about 23.2, about 26.13, about 26.85, and about 31.75.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form A which shows an XRPD pattern having at least the following 29° peaks: about 6.05, about 12.05, about 13.02, about 14.85, about 17.0, about 17.30, about 18.05, about 20.3, about 20.95, about 21.85, about 23.2, about 26.13, about 26.85, about 29.55, and about 31.75.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form A which shows an XRPD pattern substantially the XRPD pattern as Figure 3 and/or a DSC pattern substantially the DSC pattern as Figure 5.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form A which shows a GVS analysis substantially the GVS analysis represented by Figure 28.
• the crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I is a hydrate.
• Form B shows an XRPD pattern having at least four 29° peaks selected from those listed in Table 10 below.
• the crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having at least six, eight or ten 2-theta (29°) peaks selected from those listed in Table 10 below.
• the crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having six, eight or ten 29° peaks listed in Table 10 below that have the highest relative intensity.
• the crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having the characteristic 29° peaks listed in Table 10 below.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form B which shows an XRPD pattern having at least four, six, eight or ten of the following 29° peaks: about 12.35, about 13.97, about 16.96, about 18.95, about 20.41, about 21.85, about 22.75, about 25.65, about 25.75, and about 26.65.
• Form B shows an XRPD pattern having at least four, six, eight or ten of the following 29° peaks: about 12.35, about 13.97, about 16.96, about 18.95, about 20.41, about 21.85, about 22.75, about 25.65, about 25.75, and about 26.65.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form B which shows an XRPD pattern having at least the following 29° peaks: about 12.35, about 13.97, about 16.96, about 18.95, about 21.30, about 21.85, about 22.75, about 25.75 and about 26.65.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form B which shows an XRPD pattern having at least the following 29° peaks: about 12.35, about 13.97, about 16.96, about 18.95, about 21.30, about 21.85, about 22.75, about 24.35, about 25.75 and about 26.65.
• the crystalline form of the mesylate salt of Compound I is Form B which shows an XRPD pattern substantially the XRPD pattern as Figure 6 and/or a DSC pattern substantially the DSC pattern as
• the 29° peaks provided herein may vary within ⁇ 0.2 2 ⁇ °, ⁇ 0.1 2 ⁇ °, ⁇ 0.05 2 ⁇ °, or ⁇ 0.02 2 ⁇ °.
• two XRDP patterns have at least 4, at least 6, 8, or 10 29° peaks, that do not vary more than ⁇ 5 %, or ⁇ 1 %, or ⁇ 0.2 % in position and optionally in intensity, it is deemed that the XRDP patterns are substantially the same.
• the 4, 6, 8, or 10 peaks are the peaks that have the highest intensity.
• the crystalline forms of the mesylate salt of Compound I show a DSC pattern substantially the same as the DSC patterns in Figures 5, 8a or 8b.
• this invention provides a method for preparing the crystalline Form A of the mesylate salt of Compound I comprising mixing the free base of
• the method further comprises heating the mixture to a temperature of at or above about 50 °C and cool to a temperature of at about 20 °C. In some embodiments, the method further comprises recovering the crystalline Form A.
• this invention provides a method for preparing the crystalline Form B of the mesylate salt of Compound I comprising recrystallizing a mesylate salt of Compound I in a solvent comprising acetone and optionally water.
• the method further comprises heating the mixture to a temperature of at or above about 55-60 °C and cool to a temperature of at about 20 ⁇ 5 °C.
• the method further comprises recovering the crystalline Form B.
• a mesylate salt of Compound I wherein at least a portion of the mesylate salt is in crystalline Form A and/or Form B. In some embodiments, about or greater than 50% by weight of the mesylate salt of Compound I is present as the polymorphic Form A and/or B.
• this invention is directed to a l-hydroxy-2-napthoate salt of Compound I.
• the l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt of Compound I is of the formula:
• the l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt of Compound I refers to the salt formed between Compound I and l-hydroxy-2 -naphthoic acid, in an equivalent ratio of, for example, about 1 to 1.
• the l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt may exist in an amorphous form or in a crystalline form or mixture of an amorphous form and a crystalline form or a mixture of several polymorphic or pseudopolymorphic forms.
• the crystalline form of the l-hydroxy-2 -naphthoate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having at least four, six, eight, or ten, or all of the following 29° peaks: about 4.3, about 6, about 8.45, about 9, about 10.5, about 12.5, about 15.0, about 15.7, about 17.4, about 18.45, about 24.3, and about 25.05.
• at least a portion of the salt is in a crystalline form.
• the crystalline form of the l-hydroxy-2 - napthoate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern which is substantially the same as the XRPD pattern of Figure 10a.
• Figure 10b shows an overlay of the XRPD pattern pre and post GVS, indicating that the crystalline form of the l-hydroxy-2 -naphthoate salt of Compound I is substantially stable after being exposed to moisture.
• the crystalline form of Compound I l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt shows a TGA, DSC, and/or GVS analysis substantially the same as the TGA, DSC, and GVS analysis represented by Figures 21, 11, and 22, respectively.
• Compound I is in the crystalline form. In some embodiments, about or greater than 50% by weight of the l-hydroxy-2 -naphthoate salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form. In some embodiments, about or greater than 60% by weight; about or greater than 65% by weight; about or greater than 70%> by weight; about or greater than 75% by weight; about or greater than 80% by weight; about or greater than 85% by weight; about or greater than 90%) by weight; about or greater than 95% by weight; or about or greater than 99% by weight of the l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form. [0086] In another aspect, this invention provides a crystalline form of a phosphate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the phosphate salt of Compound I is of the formula:
• the phosphate salt of Compound I is of the formula:
• the phosphate salt of Compound I refers the salt formed between Compound I and phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), in an equivalent ratio of, for example, about 1 to 1.
• the phosphate salt may exist in an amorphous form or in a crystalline form or mixture of an amorphous form and a crystalline form or a mixture of several polymorphic and/or pseudopolymorphic forms. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the salt is in a crystalline form.
• the crystalline form of the phosphate salt Compound I is Form 1 and shows an XRPD pattern having at least four, six, eight, or ten, or all of the following 29° peaks: about 5.4, about 6.5, about 9.5, about 14.7, about 15.6, about 16.8, about 17.9, about 19.2, about 22.2, about 22.8, and about 23.65.
• the crystalline form of the phosphate salt of Compound I is Form 1 and shows an XRPD pattern which is substantially the same as the XRPD pattern of the Figure 12. Form 1 was not reproduced when scaled up.
• the crystalline form of the phosphate salt of Compound I is Form 2 and shows an XRPD pattern having at least four, six, or all of the following 29° peaks: about 6.5, about 8, about 8.8, about 11.0, about 14.5, about 17.3, and about 18.2.
• the crystalline form of the phosphate salt of Compound I is Form 2 and shows an XRPD pattern which is substantially the same as the XRPD pattern of the Figure 13.
• the crystalline Form 2 of Compound I phosphate salt shows a TGA, DSC and/or GVS analysis substantially the same as the TGA, DSC and GVS analysis represented by Figures 23, 24 and 25, respectively.
• the crystalline form of the phosphate salt of Compound I is Form 3 and shows an XRPD pattern having at least four, six, eight, or ten, or all of the following 29° peaks: about 4, about 6.5, about 8.2, about 13.9, about 14.5, about 16, about 17.45, about 18.2, about 19.15, about 20.1, about 21.45, about 22.35, about 23.5, about 24.0, about 25.2, about 27.65, and about 28.25.
• the crystalline form of the phosphate salt of Compound I is Form 3 and shows an XRPD pattern which is substantially the same as the XRPD pattern of the Figure 14.
• the crystalline Form 3 of Compound I phosphate salt shows a TGA, DSC and/or GVS analysis substantially the same as the TGA, DSC and GVS analysis represented by
• this invention is directed to a phosphate salt of Compound I wherein at least a portion of the phosphate salt is in crystalline Forms 1, 2, and/or 3. In some embodiments, about or greater than 50% by weight of the phosphate salt of
• Compound I is present as the polymorphic Forms 1, 2, and/or 3.
• about or greater than 60% by weight; about or greater than 65%> by weight; about or greater than 70% by weight; about or greater than 75% by weight; about or greater than 80%) by weight; about or greater than 85%> by weight; about or greater than 90%> by weight; about or greater than 95%> by weight; or about or greater than 99%> by weight of the phosphate salt of Compound I is present in the composition as the crystalline Forms 1 , 2, and/or 3.
• the thiocyanate salt of Compound I is of the formula:
• the thiocyanate salt of Compound I refers the salt formed between Compound I and thiocyanic acid (NCSH), in an equivalent ratio of, for example, about 1 to 1.
• this invention provides a thiocyanate salt of Compound I.
• the thiocyanate salt may exist in an amorphous form or in a crystalline form or mixture of an amorphous form and a crystalline form or a mixture of several polymorphic forms.
• the crystalline form of the thiocyanate salt Compound I shows an XRPD pattern having at least four, six, eight, or ten, or all of the following 29° peaks: about 5.0, about 10.5, about 11.8, about 13.5, about 14.0, about 17.45, about 18.3, about 21.95, about 23.0, about 24.5, about 25.0, about 26.2, about 28.5, and about 29.0.
• at least a portion of the salt is in a crystalline form.
• the crystalline form of the thiocyanate salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern which is substantially the same as the XRPD pattern of Figure 15.
• At least a portion of the thiocyanate salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form.
• about or greater than 50% by weight of the thiocyanate salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form.
• this invention provides a crystalline form of a maleate salt of Compound I.
• Compound I shows an XRPD pattern which is substantially the same as the XRPD pattern of Figure 17.
• the crystalline form of Compound I maleate salt shows a DSC and/or GVS analysis substantially the same as the DSC and GVS analysis represented by Figures 26 and 27, respectively.
• the maleate salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form. In some embodiments, about or greater than 50% by weight of the maleate salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form. In some embodiments, about or greater than 60%> by weight; about 65%> by weight; about or greater than 70%> by weight; about or greater than 75 %> by weight; about or greater than 80%> by weight; about or greater than 85% by weight; about or greater than 90% by weight; about or greater than 95% by weight; or about or greater than 99% by weight of the maleate salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form.
• this invention provides in a crystalline form of a hydrochloride salt of Compound I.
• the crystalline form of the hydrochloride salt of Compound I shows an XRPD pattern which is substantially the same as the XRPD pattern of Figure 16.
• the crystalline form of Compound I hydrochloride salt shows a DSC and/or GVS analysis substantially the same as the DSC and GVS analysis represented by Figures 29 and 30, respectively.
• At least a portion of the hydrochloride salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form.
• about or greater than 50% by weight of the hydrochloride salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form.
• hydrochloride salt of Compound I is in the crystalline form.
• the identity of the salt forms of the present invention can also be confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Purity and water content can be determined by reverse phase high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Karl Fischer titration method, respectively. Residue solvent content can be determined by gas chromatography (GC). The following are certain analytical methods that can be employed to determine the identity, purity and properties of the salts or crystalline forms of this invention.
• a number of methods are useful for the preparation of the salts described above and are known to those skilled in the art. For example, reaction of Compound I with one or more molar equivalents of the desired acid, such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, thiocyanic acid, 1 -hydro xy-2-naphthoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, or phosphoric acid, in a solvent or solvent mixture in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent like water after which the solvent is removed by evaporation, distillation or freeze drying. Alternatively, Compound I may be passed over an ion exchange resin to form the desired salt or one salt form of the product may be converted to another using the same general process.
• the desired acid such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, thiocyanic acid, 1 -hydro xy-2-naphthoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, or phosphoric acid
• Compound I may be passed over an ion exchange resin to form the
• the crystalline forms provided herein may be obtained by direct crystallization of the salt of Compound I or by crystallization of the salt of Compound I followed by interconversion from another crystalline form or from an amorphous state. Exemplifying procedures are provided in the Examples.
• the salts of Compound I or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I can be used for preventing or treating a condition in a mammal characterized by undesired thrombosis.
• a therapeutically effective amount the salt or a crystalline form of the salt of Compound I is administered to the mammal in need of such treatment.
• the salt or a crystalline form of the salt of Compound I can be used either alone or in conjunction with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to prevent the onset of a condition characterized by undesired thrombosis.
• Prophylactic treatment can have substantial benefits for a patient at risk of an ailment, through decreased medical treatments and their associated mental and physical costs, as well as the direct monetary savings from avoiding prolonged treatment of a patient.
• the compounds or salts that can be prepared by the present invention for example the salt of Compound I can be used either alone or in conjunction with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to treat the condition.
• Compound I is characterized by its ability to inhibit thrombus formation with acceptable effects on classical measures of coagulation parameters, platelets and platelet function, and acceptable levels of bleeding complications associated with their use.
• Conditions characterized by undesired thrombosis would include those involving the arterial and venous vasculature.
• abnormal thrombus formation characterizes the rupture of an established atherosclerotic plaque which is the major cause of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, as well as also characterizing the occlusive coronary thrombus formation resulting from either thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTC A).
• abnormal thrombus formation characterizes the condition observed in patients undergoing major surgery in the lower extremities or the abdominal area who often suffer from thrombus formation in the venous vasculature resulting in reduced blood flow to the affected extremity and a predisposition to pulmonary embolism.
• Abnormal thrombus formation further characterizes disseminated intravascular coagulopathy commonly occurs within both vascular systems during septic shock, certain viral infections and cancer, a condition wherein there is rapid consumption of coagulation factors and systemic coagulation which results in the formation of life-threatening thrombi occurring throughout the
• the salts of Compound I or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I of the present invention, selected and used as disclosed herein, are believed to be useful for preventing or treating a condition characterized by undesired thrombosis, such as (a) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated acute coronary syndrome including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, refractory angina, occlusive coronary thrombus occurring post-thrombolytic therapy or post-coronary angioplasty, (b) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated cerebrovascular syndrome including embolic stroke, thrombotic stroke or transient ischemic attacks, (c) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotic syndrome occurring in the venous system including deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolus occurring either spontaneously or in the setting of malignancy, surgery or trauma, (d) the treatment or prevention of any coagulopathy including disseminated intravascular coagulation (including the setting of s
• the salts and crystalline forms of Compound I are useful in treating thrombosis and conditions associated with thrombosis. Accordingly, a method for preventing or treating a condition in a mammal characterized by undesired thrombosis comprises administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a salt or a crystalline form of the salt of Compound I of this invention.
• the salts and crystalline forms of Compound I are useful in treating undesired thrombosis and/or associated conditions including, but not limited to, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, refractory angina, occlusive coronary thrombus occurring post- thrombolytic therapy or post-coronary angioplasty, a thrombotically mediated
• the salts and crystalline forms of Compound I are useful in: prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation patients; prevention of thrombosis in medically ill patients; prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis; prevention of arterial thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome patients; and/or secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke or other thrombotic events in patients who have had a prior event.
• the salts of Compound I or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I of this invention can also be used whenever inhibition of blood coagulation is required such as to prevent coagulation of stored whole blood and to prevent coagulation in other biological samples for testing or storage.
• coagulation inhibitors of the present inhibition can be added to or contacted with stored whole blood and any medium containing or suspected of containing plasma coagulation factors and in which it is desired that blood coagulation be inhibited, e.g. when contacting the mammal's blood with material selected from the group consisting of vascular grafts, stents, orthopedic prosthesis, cardiac prosthesis, and extracorporeal circulation systems.
• salts or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I are also useful for veterinary treatment of companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals, including mammals, rodents, and the like. More preferred animals include horses, dogs, and cats.
• compositions comprising the salts of Compound I or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I described herein can be used for preventing or treating a subject suffering from a disease condition, wherein the disease condition is characterized by undesired thrombosis.
• the pharmaceutical compositions are comprised of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a mesylate, phosphate, l-hydroxy-2-naphthoate or thiocynate salt of Compound I optionally in a crystalline polymorph form.
• the salts of Compound I or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules, lozenges or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories, sterile solutions or suspensions or injectable administration, and the like, or incorporated into shaped articles.
• Subjects in need of treatment (typically mammalian) using the salts of Compound I or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I of this invention can be administered in dosages that will provide optimal efficacy.
• the dose and method of administration will vary from subject to subject and be dependent upon such factors as the type of mammal being treated, its sex, weight, diet, concurrent medication, overall clinical condition, the particular compounds employed, the specific use for which these salts or crystalline forms are employed, and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
• Typical adjuvants which may be incorporated into tablets, capsules, lozenges and the like are binders such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin, and excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, disintegrating agents like corn starch or alginic acid, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose, or flavoring agents.
• binders such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin
• excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, disintegrating agents like corn starch or alginic acid, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose, or flavoring agents.
• Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to conventional pharmaceutical practice.
• Capsules useful in the present invention can be prepared using conventional and known encapsulation techniques, such as that described in Stroud et al, U.S. Patent No. 5,735,105.
• the capsule is typically a hollow shell of generally cylindrical shape having a diameter and length sufficient so that the pharmaceutical compositions containing the appropriate dose of the active agent fit inside the capsule.
• the interior of the capsules can include plasticizer, gelatin, modified starches, gums, carrageenans and mixtures thereof.
• Liquid carriers such as water, saline, or a fatty oil can also be present. Those skilled in the art will appreciate what compositions are suitable.
• tablets useful in the present invention can comprise fillers, binders, compression agents, lubricants, disintegrants, colorants, water, talc and other elements recognized by one of skill in the art.
• the tablets can be homogeneous with a single layer at the core, or have multiple layers in order to realize preferred release profiles.
• the tablets of the instant invention may be coated, such as with an enteric coating.
• enteric coating One of skill in the art will appreciate that other excipients are useful in the tablets of the present invention.
• Lozenges useful in the present invention include an appropriate amount of the active agent as well as any fillers, binders, disintegrants, solvents, solubilizing agents, sweeteners, coloring agents and any other ingredients that one of skill in the art would appreciate is necessary. Lozenges of the present invention are designed to dissolve and release the active agent on contact with the mouth of the patient. One of skill in the art will appreciate that other delivery methods are useful in the present invention.
• compositions having a desired degree of purity may be provided in sustained release or timed release formulations.
• Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical field, and are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., (A.R. Gennaro edit. 1985). Such materials are nontoxic to the recipients at the dosages and
• buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) peptides such as polyarginine, proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins, hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidinone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, counterions such as sodium and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethyleneglycol.
• buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts
• antioxidants such as ascorbic acid
• Dosage formulations of the salts or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I of this invention to be used for therapeutic administration may be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile membranes such as 0.2 micron membranes, or by other conventional methods. Formulations typically will be stored in lyophilized form or as an aqueous solution.
• the pH of the preparations of this invention typically will be between 3 and 11, more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of cyclic polypeptide salts.
• Route of administration may be by injection, such as intravenously (bolus and/or infusion), subcutaneously, intramuscularly, colonically, rectally, nasally or intraperitoneally, or employing a variety of dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations (such as tablets, capsules and lozenges) and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches.
• the sterile of this invention are desirably incorporated into shaped articles such as implants which may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone rubber or other polymers commercially available.
• the salts or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I of the invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
• Liposomes can be formed from a variety of lipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
• the salts or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I of this invention may also be delivered by the use of antibodies, antibody fragments, growth factors, hormones, or other targeting moieties, to which the salt molecules are coupled.
• the salts or crystalline forms of a salt of Compound I of this invention may also be coupled with suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers.
• suitable polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidinone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy-propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl- aspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
• salts or crystalline forms of the invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block
• copolymers of hydrogels may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises a
• composition is in a solid form or a suspension in a liquid excipient and the salt or a crystalline form of the salt of Compound I provides improved thermo and/or hydrolytic stability, handling, purity, which provides improved efficacy and/or safety profile.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises a
• Liquid formulations of the salts and crystalline forms of Compound I can be prepared by, for example, dissolution or suspension of the active compound in a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome may be desired. Buffers, preservatives, antioxidants and the like can be incorporated according to accepted pharmaceutical practice.
• Therapeutic compound liquid formulations generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by hypodermic injection needle.
• a typical dosage of Compound I will range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 1000 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 0.10 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg.
• the salts or crystalline forms of this invention may be administered several times daily, and other dosage regimens may also be useful.
• Therapeutically effective dosages may be determined by either in vitro or in vivo methods.
• the range of therapeutically effective dosages will be influenced by the route of administration, the therapeutic objectives and the condition of the patient. For injection by hypodermic needle, it may be assumed the dosage is delivered into the body's fluids.
• the absorption efficiency may need to be individually determined for each salt or crystalline form by methods well known in pharmacology. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the therapist to titer the dosage and modify the route of administration as required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect.
• the determination of effective dosage levels that is, the dosage levels necessary to achieve the desired result, will be readily determined by one skilled in the art. Typically, applications of Compound I are commenced at lower dosage levels, with dosage levels being increased until the desired effect is achieved.
• DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
• EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• ICP inductively coupled plasma
• TGA thermal gravimetric analysis
• TFA trifluoroacetic acid
• the reaction mixture was heated at 100 + 5°C for 4 hours and the reaction monitored by HPLC analysis. The reaction was complete when Compound E was less than 1 %.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to 40 + 5 °C and acetonitrile (139.2 kg) was added and reaction further cooled to 15 + 5 °C. While maintaining the temperature at or below about 35 °C, diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) (18.7 kg, 3.3 equiv) was added over 15 minutes.
• DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
• the reaction contents were stirred for 1 hour at 20 °C and the solid Compound I isolated on a centrifuge. The collected free base of Compound I was vacuum dried at 45 °C and 28 mmHg for 32 hours. Compound I (10.89 kg, 60.2% yield) was collected as tan solid. HPLC record purity as area %: 93.5%. Structure was confirmed by Infrared (IR) spectrum.
• GVS was carried out on both the phosphate salt Form 2, and on the l-hydroxy-2- naphthoate salt Form 1. Neither salts showed hygroscopicity and only the l-hydroxy-2- naphthoate salt Form 1 showed any hysteresis.
• the mesylate salt of Compound I 2.70 kg was charged to a glass-lined reactor, followed by acetone (39.70 kg), and USP water (4.35 kg). The solution was refluxed at 58°C for approximately 1 hour followed by hot polish filtration through 0.2-micron cartridge filter. The polished filtrate was cooled to 20 + 5°C followed by addition of methylethylketone (MEK) (32.80 kg) and stirred for 12 hours at ambient temperature. The slurry was cooled to 0 - 5°C for more than 2 hours and then filtered through a filtration funnel. The solid isolated was dried at 50 + 5°C under vacuum for at least 16 hours to afford the mesylate salt of Compound I (1.7 kg) as a tan crystalline Form B.
• MEK methylethylketone
• X-Ray Powder Diffraction patterns were collected on a Bruker AXS C2 GADDS diffractometer by Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, WI, USA using Cu Ka radiation (40 kV, 40 mA), automated XYZ stage, laser video microscope for auto-sample positioning and a HiStar 2-dimensional area detector.
• X-ray optics consists of a single Gobel multilayer mirror coupled with a pinhole collimator of 0.3 mm.
• the beam divergence i.e. the effective size of the X-ray beam on the sample, was approximately 4 mm.
• a ⁇ - ⁇ continuous scan mode was employed with a sample - detector distance of 20 cm which gives an effective 2 ⁇ range of 3.2 ° - 29.7 °.
• the sample would be exposed to the X-ray beam for 120 seconds.
• DSC data were collected on a Mettler DSC 823e by Mettler-Toledo Inc., Columbus, OH, USA equipped with a 50 position auto-sampler. The instrument was calibrated for energy and temperature using certified indium. Typically 0.5-3 mg of each sample, in a pin-holed aluminum pan, was heated at 10 °C/min from 25 °C to 350 °C. A nitrogen purge at 50 mL/min was maintained over the sample. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans of Form A and Form B are provided in Figures 5, 8a, and 8b, respectively. The instrument control software was TA Instruments Q1000 and data analysis Universal Analysis 2000 v 4.3 A Build 4.3.0.6.
• Aqueous solubility was determined by suspending sufficient compound in water to give a maximum final concentration of >10 mg/mL of the parent free-form of the compound. The suspension was equilibrated at 25 °C for 24 hours then the pH was measured. The suspension was then filtered through a glass fiber C filter into a 96 well plate. The filtrate was then diluted by a factor of 101. Quantitation was by HPLC with reference to a standard solution of approximately 0.1 mg/mL in DMSO. Different volumes of the standard, diluted and undiluted sample solutions were injected. The solubility was calculated using the peak areas determined by integration of the peak found at the same retention time as the principal peak in the standard injection. Thermodynamic Aqueous Solubility By HPLC (Ultracentrifugation Method)
• Aqueous solubility was determined by suspending sufficient compound in water to give a maximum final concentration of > 10 mg/mL of the parent free-form of the compound. The mixture was allowed to equilibrate for at least 48 hours at 37°C under mild agitation. At each 24-48 hour interval, an aliquot was removed and the solution was separated from the solid via ultracentrifugation at > 60,000 rpm for 20 min and then analyzed by HPLC for the concentration of the compound in the supernatant. Upon equilibration (concentration plateau is reached), the concentration was reported as solubility. This method is the preferred method in determining solubility as it attains the equilibrium and is measurement of the thermodynamic solubility.
• Sorption isotherms were obtained using a SMS HT-DVS moisture sorption analyser by Surface Measurement Systems Limited, Middlesex, UK, controlled by SMS Analysis Suite software.
• the sample temperature was maintained at 25 °C by the instrument controls.
• the humidity was controlled by mixing streams of dry and wet nitrogen, with a total flow rate of 400 mL/min.
• the relative humidity was measured by a calibrated optical dew point transmitter (dynamic range of 0.5-100 % RH), located near the sample.
• the weight change, (mass relaxation) of the sample as a function of % RH was constantly monitored by the microbalance (accuracy ⁇ 0.005 mg).
• sample typically 5-20 mg was placed in a tared mesh stainless steel liner within a stainless steel pan under ambient conditions. The sample was loaded and unloaded at 40 % RH and 25 °C (typical room conditions).
• a moisture sorption isotherm was performed as outlined in Table 13 (2 scans giving 1 complete cycle). The standard isotherm was performed at 25 °C at 10 % RH intervals over a 0.5-90 % RH range.
• TGA data were collected on a Q500 TGA by TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA, equipped with a 16 position auto-sampler. The instrument was temperature calibrated using certified Alumel. Typically 5-30 mg of each sample was loaded onto a pre-tared platinum crucible and aluminium DSC pan, and was heated at 10 " C-min "1 from ambient temperature to 350 °C. A nitrogen purge at 60 ml-min "1 was maintained over the sample.
• the instrument control software was Thermal Advantage v4.6.6 and the data were analysed using Universal Analysis v4.3A.
• Compound I was used in the rat investigation.
• An intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) dose of Compound I (1.0 and 10 mg/kg, respectively) was prepared.
• the IV dose was solubilized in 50% PEG300 to yield a final concentration of 1.0 mg/mL with a final pH of 5.13.
• the PO dose was suspended in 0.5%> methylcellulose at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL with a final pH of 2.70.
• Compound I was also used.
• An IV and PO dose of Compound I (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively) was prepared.
• the IV dose was formulated similarly to that used in the rat study (50% PEG300 in water).
• the PO dose was suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL with a final pH of approximately 3.50.
• Rat femoral and jugular (IV only) vein blood lines were exteriorized and attached to access ports. Dogs were weighed and shaved at blood sampling and IV dosing sites (along both cephalic and saphenous veins).
• Plasma and urine samples were analyzed for Compound I concentration using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).
• LC/MS/MS liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
• plasma and urine samples were processed in a 96-well CaptivaTM filter plate (0.2 ⁇ , Varian, Inc., Palo Alto, CA).
• Aliquots of plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile containing 500 ng/mL of N-(2-(5-chloropyridin-2-ylcarbaomoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-4- (N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)-2-fluorobenzamide, an internal standard.
• Aliquots of urine samples were diluted with plasma before mixing with acetonitrile containing internal standard.
• the peak areas of the m/z 41 1— 250 product ion (Compound I) were measured against those of the m/z 470— 342 product ion (N-(2-(5-chloropyridin-2-ylcarbaomoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(N,N- dimethylcarbamimidoyl)-2-fluorobenzamide) in positive ion mode.
• the analytical range was 0.500 to 10,000 ng/mL.
• Terminal elimination rate constant (k) was calculated as the absolute value of the slope of linear regression of the natural logarithm (In) of plasma concentration versus time during the terminal phase of the plasma concentration-time profile.
• Apparent terminal half-life (T 1 ⁇ 2 ) values were calculated as ln(2)/k.
• Area under the plasma concentration-time profile (AUC) values were estimated using the linear trapezoidal rule.
• AUC a u values were calculated from time 0 to the time of the last detectable concentration.
• AUC(o_i n f) values were calculated as the sum of the
• Noncompartmental analysis was performed using Watson LIMS software (version 7.1).
• AUC Area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve
• Vss Volume of distribution at steady-state Table 15. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Compound I in rat, dog, and monkey after oral administration determined by noncompartmental analysis
• Noncompartmental analysis was performed using Watson LIMS software (version 7.1).
• AUC Area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve

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