Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
  • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
  • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
  • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
  • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
  • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
  • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for spatial representation.
• a device for spatial representation.
• a lenticular disk is arranged in the direction of a viewer in front of this image display unit.
• This lenticular disk has along a main direction, which is usually the horizontal, but in general may also include all directions that deviate from the vertical, lenticular and separation areas, which are arranged side by side, alternately and periodically. Each lenticular area is thus surrounded by two separation areas and vice versa.
• lenticular discs made of lenticular lenses or grids are constructed of such lenticular lenses, ie of lenses with the shape of a half-cylinder whose convex surface points outward toward the observer.
• the separation areas are very small, substantially line-shaped.
• lenticular disk should be understood to mean not only those arrangements of lenticular lenses in the classical sense, but also those arrangements with which substantially the same effect can be achieved, but which does not consist of strictly cylindrical lenses with linear lenses.
• convex-shaped lenticular areas and, for example, concave-shaped and appreciably extended separation areas, with respect to the viewing direction of an observer Such arrangements can be made, for example, with the German patent Patent Application DE 10 2009 019 762 - the entire disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference - produce processes described very inexpensively.
• convex lenticular areas and concave separation areas alternate, the transitions between lenticular areas and separation areas are smooth, ie, a surface descriptive function is continuously differentiable at least once at each location. Due to the distinct separation areas, this is not a typical lenticular disc, but a production-related and function-related significant variation compared to conventional lenticulars.
• light propagation directions are predetermined for light coming from the picture elements x (i, j), whereby the observer from a plurality of viewing positions in front of the grid of picture elements x (i, j) in each case at least predominantly uses a first selection from the Views A (k) and with the other eye at least predominantly sees a second selection from the views A (k), and thus creates a spatial visual impression for the viewer.
• At least predominantly means that some of the views may appear in both the first and second selections, but the selections are otherwise different.
• at least predominantly means that one part of the views can be found exclusively in the first selection and another part of the views only in the second selection, as is the case, for example, with the stereoscopic presentation based on only two views.
• the device also comprises, in addition, an optical barrier structure arranged in front of the image display unit in the viewing direction of the observer in order to improve the spatial visual impression.
• an optical barrier structure is described for example in DE 10 2007 049 238 A1.
• the barrier structure is referred to there as an optical element and is arranged between the image display unit and the lenticular disk, ie behind it.
• the barrier structure acts as a filter, it can be designed as a diffuser with randomly arranged optical structures, or as a filter array containing randomly or regularly arranged optical structures in the form of transparent or opaque filter elements with polygonal outlines.
• the size and the dimensions of the filter elements or of the optical structures of the optical element are determined as a function of the size of the picture elements x (i, j), the optical structures in the case of DE 1 0 2007 049 238 A1 serve to visual beat frequencies - Moire effects - to diminish.
• the invention is therefore based on the object to eliminate these disadvantages in the prior art and to further improve the spatial visual impression.
• the barrier structure consists of side by side, in front of or behind the lenticular disc arranged opaque areas with the effect of a strip-shaped barrier, each opaque area each covers a separation area at least partially.
• barrier structures are proposed according to the invention, which are based on the position and the size of the separation regions.
• the opaque areas thus essentially cover the separation areas and in this way prevent the light propagation scattering through the concave separation areas from being disturbingly noticeable and essentially suppressing them. While the opaque areas commonly used in connection with filter structures for constructing 3D stereoscopic screens have a very wide extent and pass only little light, the opaque areas here can be chosen so small that they are imperceptible to the naked eye.
• each opaque area at least partially covers a separation area.
• a uniform width of each strip-shaped opaque area can be selected for differently shaped separation areas, which reduces the manufacturing costs.
• the lateral extent of each opaque area, ie the width of each strip is dependent on the main direction. determined from its position relative to the separation area to be covered by the opaque area. This serves, on the one hand, to better compensate for different concave radii of curvature, but on the other hand, in particular, a higher flexibility of the arrangement of the barrier strips, the opaque areas in relation to the separation areas, can be achieved in this way.
• the barrier structure directly on the separation areas, so that they are not irradiated with light or can not be penetrated by the light.
• the dimensions of the barrier structure are then calculated and arranged such that the light coming from the image display unit - transmitted and / or emitted - is incident as exclusively as possible in the convex lenticular areas and correspondingly imaged in the viewing space in the direction of a viewer.
• Another effect of applying a barrier structure is that the image contrast is increased. This is due to the fact that the brightness of the screen is reduced by the use of an opaque barrier structure. In contrast to autostereoscopic arrangements, which are not based on the lenticular lens technique, but on the pure filter or barrier technique, the brightness losses are very small, since the proportion of opaque areas on the total area is comparatively smaller.
• Another positive effect is that displayed images appear smooth compared to a representation without barrier structures. Since lenticular systems image the picture elements x (i, j) in a coarser and enlarged structure, objects and their edges, in particular in the case of jump points and poor channel separation, often appear grid-shaped, these structures are smoothed. Finally, the spatial impression or the depth effect is perceptibly increased for the human eye, since a so-called "zero level" is formed by the integration of this barely perceptible periodic, opaque structure.
• the period of the lenticular areas is selected as a function of a lateral extent of the picture elements x (i, j).
• the lenticular disk can also be arranged rotated by a predetermined angle to the grid of picture elements x (i, j). The barrier strips are then positioned accordingly.
• the tuning of the lenticular areas with respect to the lateral extent of the picture elements x (i, j) allows a further improvement of the spatial representation insofar as disturbing moiré patterns can be largely eliminated.
• the cause of such moire patterns is the superimposition of at least two non-decom- identical or non-identical geometric structures, which leads to visual effects of blowing, similar to interference patterns, for example.
• While interference patterns can be caused by light with slightly different wavelengths, the cause for the occurrence of moiré patterns lies in different lattice constants or periods for the distance of the picture elements x (i, j) from each other or the lenticular areas from one another. Even with the same lattice constants, a moire pattern can occur if the two structures are twisted against each other.
• the lattice constant or the angle of rotation of the periodic structure on the lenticular disk-corresponding to the distance of the lenticular or separation areas from each other and a predetermined angle of rotation-the perceptible moire fringes can be extinguished by making the spacing of the fringes too small or too small too large for the optimum viewing distance.
• the lenticular disk has an antireflection coating on its side facing the observer. While conventional image display devices for displaying two-dimensional image contents are often provided with an antireflection coating, so far this has not been practiced in the case of lenticular wafers. Devices based on lenticular discs have strong surface reflections that can be annoying to a viewer. The inventive antireflection coating reduces these disturbing effects.
• the front side of the lenticular disk that is to say the lenticular structure itself, can be anti-glare-coated and provided with at least one antireflection coating.
• the flat back of the lenticular disk or the back of a barrier carrier substrate on which the lenticular disk can be applied can be anti-reflective.
• the properties of the antireflection coatings are preferably adapted to the differences in the refractive indices of the various media.
• the barrier structure is formed as a strip-shaped filter structure, preferably as a photographic film. Thicker barriers are not necessary, rather thinner ones are advantageous for reasons of accuracy.
• the barrier structure may, for example, be applied to a barrier carrier substrate, onto which the lenticular disk is then applied in order to make the construction as compact as possible.
• the application of the barrier structure to the barrier support substrate can be done, for example, by cold or warm lamination, digital reproduction, etc. If the barrier structure is in the form of a photographic film, it is possible, for example, to apply the application methods described in German patent application DE 10 2009 019 761, which is not prepublished.
• the barrier structure is preferably applied to a barrier carrier substrate, particularly preferably between the image display unit and the lenticular pane. In this case, as mentioned, the lenticular disk can be applied directly to the barrier carrier substrate, whereby the barrier structure is still located between the lenticular disk and the barrier carrier substrate.
• the barrier structure does not necessarily have to be applied to the surface of the barrier carrier substrate pointing toward the lenticular disk; an arrangement on the back side of the barrier carrier substrate is also possible, in which case the width of the stripes must be slightly adjusted in order to cover the separation areas as completely as possible.
• the lenticular disc may also be applied to a lenticular carrier substrate, but the lenticular carrier substrate may also be part of the lenticular disc, in which case the unit of lenticular carrier substrate and lenticular disc is made in one piece.
• the lenticular support substrate can also be a very thin layer, which only has to be so thick that it prevents a breakup of the lenticular disk at the thinnest points, the low points of the valleys of the separation areas, under normal mechanical stress such as transport, measurement or assembly.
• the barrier carrier substrate and the lenticular carrier substrate are provided with alignment markings for aligning the lenticular disk and the barrier structure relative to one another.
• the two substrates are expediently made in their geometry slightly larger than the actually optically active structures.
• markings are applied, such as points, crosses or lines. These marks are brought as exactly as possible to the overlay, as a result lenticular disk and barrier structure are aligned with each other. This alignment can be done by hand, semi or fully automated, for example with the help of control cameras, the naked eye or even a microscope.
• both substrates can be permanently fixed and bonded to one another, for example by means of adhesives, UV curing monomers, etc.
• the excess substrate with the markings can be separated mechanically from the actual structures, for example by sawing or cutting. In this way, a high accuracy in the channel separation is achieved.
• the simplest possibility is to provide the separation areas on the lenticular disk accordingly with an opaque cover layer, which can be done for example by applying a black color or liquid and subsequent washing out of this material, while the color or liquid remains and hardens in the separation areas.
• Another possibility is to arrange a transparent cover from the direction of a viewer in front of the lenticular disk.
• the barrier structure can then be applied to these, both on the side facing the observer, and on the side facing away from the observer. In this case, the latter option is to be preferred, since this promises greater protection of the barrier structure from mechanical damage or contamination.
• the cover may be, for example, a conventional cover glass of a few millimeters thickness of glass or plastic, but even a tensioned film can be used as such a cover.
• the cover can of course be provided on one or both sides with a reflection-reducing layer.
• an optically active fluid whose optical properties can be manipulated by introducing energy is located between the cover and the lenticular disk.
• the optically active liquid may, for example, contain liquid crystals in which the refractive index can be varied by introducing energy into the liquid. For example, by applying a voltage, irradiating the liquid with light of a UV wavelength which is not radiated from the image display unit but which manipulates the corresponding optical property in the liquid, or by refracting the liquid so changes the refractive index of the liquid be that switching between spatial representation and two-dimensional representation is possible when the refractive index corresponds to the refractive index of the material used for the lenticular disk.
• the barrier structure which may be, for example, but not exclusively, arranged on the inside of the cover, to enhance their effect, or to produce the barrier effect only. In this case, a separate barrier structure can even be dispensed with.
• the switching between spatial and two-dimensional representation can of course also be used in lenticular systems without barrier structures.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a device for spatial representation, as has been described above.
• a method for producing a device for spatial representation comprises, among other things, the following steps: First, a lenticular disk is provided, which is arranged on a lenticular carrier substrate, whereby the lenticular disk and the lenticular carrier substrate can be made in one piece - as a rule, the lenticular disk is produced from the substrate.
• the provision also includes the production of the lenticular discs.
• a barrier structure is provided on a barrier substrate. Again, the provision again comprises the production, in particular the application of the barrier structure on the barrier carrier substrate.
• a picture display unit is provided.
• the barrier structure is positioned relative to the lenticular disk.
• the barrier structure and the lenticular disk are aligned with one another by marking the lenticular and the barrier substrate at predetermined positions and aligning the markings with one another during the positioning of the barrier structures relative to the lenticular disk.
• the barrier structure and the lenticular disk are first fixed to each other and then this assembly is first positioned on the image display unit and then fixed, whereby possibly before a trimming of the substrates must be made to the dimensions of the image display unit.
• the fixation of barrier structures and lenticular disk on each other can be done by adhesive techniques, if they are arranged without air distance from each other. Between the image display unit and the assembly of barrier support substrate, barrier structure and lenticular disk is often an air gap, so that these elements must be fixed to each other at a distance.
• both substrates are positioned one above the other and from the side of the barrier carrier substrate, which opposite, with light shining through. They are then shifted against each other and / or twisted until a pattern to be observed is displayed correctly or disappears.
• the light does not necessarily have to come from the image display unit, but can also come from another light source. If a bright, especially a white light source is used, brightness modulations appear, so-called light / dark Moire stripes. Based on these moiré strips, the two structures can be adjusted to each other. Correct alignment is achieved when, over the entire surface, either a completely white or transparent surface or a substantially black or opaque surface is visible. In this way, it is also possible to check whether the period of the lenticular areas coincides with that of the barrier structure: In the case of deviating periods or even if the viewing distance is wrong, several moiré strips are constantly visible.
• both substrates are positioned on the image display unit and transilluminated by light emitted by the image display unit.
• a matched with respect to the lenticular disk test image is generated. This is preferably combined from two views, one of which is an image held in light of a single wavelength, such as red, blue or green, and the other view is black only.
• This test image is displayed on the image display device or, equivalently, on another suitable imager used in manufacturing.
• the light which is emitted by the image display unit when the test image is displayed is used to transilluminate the lenticular disk and the barrier structure.
• an alignment is done using moire patterns. Correct alignment is achieved when there are only whole, continuous color moire streaks. A non-congruent alignment of the two structures results in double moiré pattern stripes, i. intensity fluctuations within a moiré strip.
• the adjustment does not have to take place at the optimum viewing distance to the lenticular screen.
• the alignment can be done by hand and with the naked eye.
• a more precise adjustment can be achieved with the help of a microscopically imaging optics, whereby here too the images can again be evaluated by an observer and correspondingly made by these twists or displacements.
• image processing and control algorithms in combination with a camera which records the observed image, for example a CCD or CMOS camera, so that, with a corresponding configuration of the production Anläge the alignment of lenticular disk and barrier structure can be done automatically to each other.
• lenticular disks can be produced, for example, from a light-curing, optically transparent plastic, wherein the light is structured locally and / or temporally, for example by means of an exposure mask, into the plastic.
• a light-curing, optically transparent plastic wherein the light is structured locally and / or temporally, for example by means of an exposure mask, into the plastic.
• the negative mold has correspondingly shaped wide concave areas at the locations where the lenticular areas can be found in the positive form, and correspondingly shaped narrow convex areas at the locations where the separation areas are to be found.
• This negative mold can then be used for producing positive forms in medium to large numbers.
• One simple way is to use it as a mold insert for casting or spraying appropriate plastic or glass lenticular discs.
• Another possibility, in turn, is the use of light-curing plastic.
• the negative mold is in turn filled with a transparent, still liquid material, this material is brought to complete curing and then separated from the negative mold, wherein the resulting positive shape corresponds to the lenticular disk.
• liquid plastic for example, in the form of monomers may be used, or another material which does not bond with the plastic used for the negative mold.
• the negative mold is therefore expediently coated with a separating layer before.
• This release layer is ideally thinner than 0.1 mm in order not to impair the subtleties of the surface profile, which is necessary for the lenticular effect or spatial vision, too much by distortion, distortion or occlusion.
• the separating layer can be applied or deposited on the surface of the negative mold, for example, by vapor deposition or sputtering from a metal in the appropriate layer thickness.
• the separation of a separating layer from a chemical solution is also possible, this can also be done for example by means of appropriate immersion baths, from which then a corresponding separation layer remains as a residue from the immersion bath on the surface of the negative mold.
• foils of small thickness for example of metal or of a plastic which meets the requirements.
• the amount of energy to be input per unit time can be specified by means of one or more exposure masks.
• the barrier structure itself is used as the exposure mask. This simplifies the production considerably. On the one hand, the effort is reduced, since no separate exposure masks must be maintained. On the other hand, care is taken at the same time that the separation regions which form behind the opaque regions of the barrier structure are automatically aligned optimally with respect to the barrier structure.
• FIG. 1 shows a possible embodiment of a device for spatial representation
• Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of such a device
• 6 and 7 show two possible illumination settings that can be used in the production of negative molds for producing convex and concave areas
• Fig. 8 is a negative mold for the production of a lenticular disk.
• the image display unit 1 is provided with a cover glass 2, which is arranged in the direction of a viewer 3 in front of the image display unit 1. The use of the cover glass 2 is optional.
• the individual picture elements x (i, j) can be designed, for example, as full-color pixels or as red, green and blue subpixels of a raster-shaped liquid crystal display.
• an LCD panel is an option here, other possible display forms include displays based on OLED, LED, plasma, VFD, SED, or FED technology, to name just a few examples. You can either be designed to be self-luminous or illuminated by a further light source, not shown from the back.
• a lenticular disk 4 is arranged in the direction of viewing 3 in front of the image display unit 1.
• This lenticular disk 4 has side by side, alternately and periodically arranged lenticular areas 5 and separation areas 6 along the main direction.
• the main direction may be, for example, the vertical, but also a tilted direction unless it is horizontal.
• the lenticular areas 5 light propagation directions for light coming from the picture elements x (i, j) are present given by the observer 3 from a plurality of viewing positions in front of the grid of picture elements x (i, j) with one eye at least predominantly a first selection from the views A (k) and with the other eye at least predominantly a second selection of the Views A (k) sees.
• the observer 3 is given a more spatial visual impression.
• the device also comprises an optical barrier structure 7 arranged in front of the image display unit 1 in the viewing direction of the viewer 3 in order to improve the spatial visual impression.
• the barrier structure 7 consists of juxtaposed opaque areas with the effect of a strip-shaped barrier or aperture.
• the opaque areas may be arranged in front of or behind the lenticular disk 4, in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 they are arranged behind the lenticular disk 4 with respect to the viewing direction of the observer 3.
• the effect of a strip-shaped barrier is most easily achieved if the opaque areas are physically physically designed as strips, but devices are also conceivable in which the effect is achieved only by external action, for example by a switchable barrier in the form of filters or a Liquid.
• Each opaque area at least partially covers a separation area 6, thus achieving the best results in improving the spatial visual impression.
• the optical barrier structure 7 prevents disturbing light is emitted from the separation areas 6 of the lenticular disk 4.
• the concave-shaped separation regions 6 are expanded only very slightly in comparison with the lenticular segments 5 having a convex half-cylinder shape, so that the Disturbances of the spatial visual impression tend to be low, if no optical barrier structure 7 is used, then the improvement in lenticular wafers, in which the separation regions 6 have a larger expansion due to the production, is clearly perceptible when using the optical barrier structures.
• the barrier structure 7 is applied to a barrier carrier substrate 8 in the case of the device shown in FIG. This is for example advantageous if it is in the optical barrier structure is a thin film, for example, an exposed film. This can be applied by appropriate lamination techniques, for example on the barrier substrate 8 or alternatively also printed. Between the barrier substrate 8 and the cover glass 2 of the image display unit 1 is also still an air layer 9, this is also optional. In principle, the cover glass 2 can also assume the function of the barrier carrier substrate 8, ie the film with the barrier structure 7 can be applied directly to the cover glass 2, in which way space can possibly be saved. In addition, since the opaque areas of the barrier structure 7 are very narrow compared to such opaque areas as are used for filter structures in the context of spatial representation when no lenticular disk 4 is used, their presence makes little sense, positive even by some contrast enhancement.
• the opaque areas of the barrier structure 7 can therefore be kept very narrow.
• the improvement is optimal when the lateral extent of each opaque area with respect to the principal direction is determined as a function of its position relative to the separation area 6 to be covered by the opaque area. It plays a role, whether the opaque areas are arranged in front of or behind the lenticular disk 4, also their distance to a reference point, for example the lowest point in a valley of a separation area 6 is important.
• the extension of the separation regions 6 in the lateral direction also plays a role in determining the width of the opaque stripes. The effect is best when the opaque areas, indicated by the black rectangles in FIG. 1, cover the entire concave separation area, possibly even slightly more, in order to effectively block light incident obliquely from the image display unit 1 as well.
• the lenticular disk 4 may have an antireflection coating (not shown) on its side facing the observer 3. In this way, the otherwise occurring surface reflections, which may prove to be disturbing to the viewer, can be suppressed.
• the lenticular disk 4 can be antireflective, for example, on its front side for this purpose. Also on its back, the generally flat surface, such an anti-reflection layer can be applied.
• an adaptation of the optical properties of the anti-reflection layer with respect to the refractive indices of the immediately adjacent media in order to achieve the best effect.
• Another possibility for anti-reflection consists in a chemical antireflection, for example by hydrofluoric acid or a similar acting substance.
• the anti-reflection layer is in this case intrinsically contained in the lenticular disk 4, it is formed on its surface, for example by means of a roughening by the hydrofluoric acid. However, care must be taken be that the channel separation is not reduced too much or even canceled.
• the roughening of the surface causes a diffuse scattering of surface reflections, which thus appear reduced for the viewer 3.
• both can be combined with each other, so for example, a roughened surface can also be provided with an anti-interference optical layer, whereby the effect is further improved.
• the lenticular disk 4 may be applied to a lenticular substrate.
• This lenticular carrier substrate can also be antireflected on its side facing the image display unit 1 as described above, ie have an antireflection coating.
• the lenticular disk 4 and lenticular support substrate will form an integral unit, since the lenticular disk 4 is made from the lenticular support substrate.
• FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show further embodiments of a device for spatial representation. In the device according to FIGS. 2 and 3, the lenticular disk 4 is applied directly to the barrier carrier substrate 8 with the barrier structure 7. The dimensions are shown here exaggerated, so the barrier structure 7 is usually only a photographic film of extremely small thickness, or else another structure with a printed surface.
• the relationships of the lenticular areas 5 to the separation areas 6 are also not reproduced to scale. They serve only to illustrate the mode of action. Compared with the embodiment in Figure 1, there is the advantage here that the opaque strips of the barrier structure are arranged closer to the valleys of the separation areas 6, so that they can be made narrower overall.
• the width of the opaque strip is approximately on the order of a few 10 ⁇ m, for example 50 ⁇ m.
• FIG. 3 A similar device is shown in Fig. 3, here is a barrier structure 10 on the back, i. the side of the barrier carrier substrate 8 facing away from the observer 3. Since the opaque areas in this case are located somewhat further away from the valleys of the separation areas 6, they must be kept wider than in the two previously described embodiments.
• FIG 4 Another arrangement is shown in Figure 4, here from the direction of a viewer 3 in front of the lenticular disk 4, a transparent cover 1 1 is arranged, on whose side facing away from the observer 3, a barrier structure 12 is applied.
• a cover 1 for example, glass, transparent plastic or a stable, stretched film can be used; on the underside of the cover 1 1, the barrier structure 12 is attached.
• the opaque strips of the barrier can be kept relatively narrow in the range of about 50 ⁇ , since they can be positioned relatively close to the separation areas 6, whose disturbing light scattering they are to suppress. In any case, they are barely visible to the naked eye.
• the cover 1 1 also offers the advantage that the structure at any time is easy to clean, since the externa ßere, the viewer 3 facing surface of the cover 1 1 can be made smooth. It can also be provided on one or both sides with a corresponding anti-reflection layer. For such a protective function, the use of a cover 1 1 is also possible without the barrier structure 12 is disposed on the underside, but is also a combination of pure cover 1 1 with barrier structures 7 and 10, as in connection with the figures 1 to 3 described possible.
• a cover 1 1 also makes it possible, between the lenticular 4 and the cover 1 1 an optical to include effective liquid.
• the optical properties of this liquid for example the refractive index
• external action such as the application of voltage, heating or irradiation with light of specific wavelengths, for example UV light.
• the refractive index of the liquid under external action corresponds to that of the material used for the lenticular disk 4
• the action of the lenticular disk 4 is canceled and a viewer can perceive a two-dimensional image.
• To switch for a spatially perceptible representation of the externa ßere action is turned off and the calculation index then changed accordingly, preferably reduced, so that the spatially imaging properties of the lenticular disk 4 come into play again.
• a lenticular disk 4 is first provided on a lenticular substrate 13, as well as a barrier structure 7 on a barrier substrate 8. Further, an image display unit 1 is provided. The image display unit 1 may already be provided with a cover glass 2. The positioning of the barrier structure 7 and the lenticular disk 4 to each other can be done in various ways.
• both substrates 13 and 8 are dimensioned slightly larger than the optically active structures located on them. This is shown by way of example in FIG. Barrier carrier substrate 8 and lenticular carrier substrate 13 are then aligned by moving or twisting each other, so that the markings are congruent to come.
• Another possibility is to position the barrier structure 7 and the lenticular disk one above the other - whereby the positioning should take place in accordance with the later installation, with respect to the arrangement of the barrier structure 7 in front of or behind the lenticular disk 4 with respect to the viewing direction of the observer 3.
• the barrier carrier substrate 8 which lies opposite the image display unit 1 - or from the corresponding side of the lenticular carrier substrate 13 or the lenticular disk 4 - both components are transilluminated with light, then the barrier structure 7 and lenticular disk 4 are displaced and / or rotated relative to each other, until a moire pattern to be observed is displayed correctly or disappears.
• brightness modulations become visible, so-called light or dark moire stripes.
• both structures can be adjusted to each other.
• the adjustment is correct if, over the entire structure surface, either essentially a completely white or transparent surface, or else a substantially completely black or opaque surface appears. However, this only applies if the periods of the barrier structure 7 and the separation regions 6 coincide and the viewing distance is correct.
• One of the two views is in a single color, for example, red, blue or green held and the other view only in black.
• Both substrates 13 and 8 are then transilluminated with light, which is emitted by the image display unit 1 when the test image is displayed.
• light which is emitted by the image display unit 1 when the test image is displayed.
• the alignment is correct if there are only whole, continuous Farbmoiresteria.
• a non-congruent orientation of the two structures would lead within a Moirestsammlungs to a splitting into two strips, which may be parallel or twisted to each other depending on the angle of rotation. If this is the case, an alignment, ie a shift or rotation must be done until both structures are aligned correctly to each other, ie only uniform Farbmoirest Management are aligned correctly to each other, ie only uniform FarbmoirestMake can be seen.
• both substrates 8 and 13 can be permanently fixed to one another and bonded to one another, for example, by means of adhesives or monomers curing under the action of light.
• the alignment can already be done with the naked eye, or even for example with the help of a microscope. If the alignment is carried out with the aid of a microscope, the two substrates are preferably illuminated in transmitted light by a white light source.
• the separation regions 6 and the barrier strips of the barrier structure 7 are usually already visible at about fifty times magnification. In order to achieve a cover-like overlay, at least two full periods should be visible. If the alignment is successful, the opaque strips of the barrier structure 7 must cover exactly the separation regions 6, ie not be twisted or parallel next to it.
• a microscopically imaging optics together with a digital camera with sufficiently high resolution. If the image is displayed on a screen, an operator may be able to make the alignment easier than if he had to look through the eyepiece all the time.
• the camera or the corresponding sensor chip-for example a CCD or a CMOS chip-can also be connected directly to an evaluation unit, on which image processing and control algorithms are implemented, with the aid of which the image is evaluated and corresponding control commands for automatic positioning of the two Substrates 8 and 13 are offset from each other, which can be implemented by robotic arms or other positioning tools.
• lenticular discs While the production of lenticular discs using classical methods based on diamond tools and nickel molds for replication is only worthwhile in very large numbers, the production of lenticular discs based on curing under the action of light plastics forms with appropriate exposure in small and medium quantities in the range of a few 10 bis to some 100 lenticular discs an alternative.
• a still liquid plastic layer of a curable upon energy input, transparent plastic is uniformly applied to a substrate in a correspondingly sufficient thickness of, for example, 100 ⁇ on a substrate such as glass or a thick film.
• an energy input into the plastic for example, an exposure with UV light, wherein the amount of energy to be registered per unit time locally and / or temporally differentiated, for example with the aid of one or more exposure masks and illumination with different wavelengths.
• an energy input into the plastic for example, an exposure with UV light
• different amounts of cured and not yet cured plastic are available at different locations of the surface of the plastic layer.
• the photosensitive material becomes solid on the substrate, for example, a photosensitive monomer is polymerized, it hardens.
• the monomer remains viscous and flexible at the unexposed areas, where it is removed by washing, for example.
• the structure to be formed may be applied to assume a desired surface texture, such as a lenticular shape.
• a plastic layer 17 located on a substrate 16 is irradiated with light by an exposure mask 18 spaced apart from the plastic layer 17. While the plastic layer 17 in Figure 6 is irradiated with parallel light, it is irradiated with divergent light in the regime shown in Figure 7. The corresponding curing areas are shown within the plastic layer 17 by the bars.
• the exposure mask 18 for example, a photographic film of appropriate size can be used, as it is used for example in a laser exposure system for the production of high-precision printed circuit boards.
• the amount of energy to be input per unit time can be specified by means of one or more exposure masks 18.
• the barrier structure 7 itself is preferably used directly as the exposure mask 18. In this way, in particular the lenticular disk arrangements shown in FIGS.
• the barrier structure 7 serves as an exposure mask 18 for the plastic exposure during the production process, no separate exposure masks have to be provided, the outlay is reduced .
• the exposure mask 18 or the barrier structure 7 acts as an optical barrier, as was explained in detail above.
• a positive form ie the lenticular disk 4 itself
• a negative mold 19 as shown by way of example in FIG.
• this negative mold can then be any number of positive forms, ie produce lenticular discs 4 by this negative mold is simply used for the molding of lenticulars.
• the female mold can then be used as a mold insert, so that the corresponding lenticular disk 4 is only cast; but it is also possible to generate the lenticular disks 4 again based on curing curing under the action of plastics.
• the negative mold is preferably provided with a thin separating layer, not shown. This must be so thin, usually less than 0.1 mm, that the optical properties of the lenticular structure are not impaired.
• the devices for spatial representation also described above can be inexpensively manufactured, which are particularly suitable for medium-sized quantities, since their production does not cause too high costs, and also provide a very good quality of spatial visual impression.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=43707838

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2009
  • 2009-12-15 DE DE102009054706A patent/DE102009054706A1/de active Pending
• 2010
  • 2010-12-14 WO PCT/EP2010/069639 patent/WO2011082992A2/de active Application Filing

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events