WO2011078735A1

WO2011078735A1 - Detachable formwork set with a multi-layered wall blank

Info

Publication number: WO2011078735A1
Application number: PCT/RU2010/000679
Authority: WO
Inventors: Дахир Курманбиевич СЕМЕНОВ
Original assignee: Semenov Dahir Kurmanbievich
Priority date: 2009-12-21
Filing date: 2010-11-17
Publication date: 2011-06-30
Also published as: RU2415238C1; EP2405079A4; EP2405079A1; EP2405079B1

Abstract

The detachable formwork set with a multi-layered wall blank relates to the building of monolithically structured houses with various numbers of floors and with multi-layered walls using the detachable formwork. The detachable formwork set comprises a tray with a multi-layered wall blank arranged in the internal cavity of said tray, and a formwork cover. The blank consists of a decorative layer and a heat-insulating layer, which are interconnected by a reinforcement. The tray comprises a base and sides which are arranged at an obtuse angle to the plane of the base, and detachable end panels which are arranged at right angles to the tray base along the end surfaces thereof. The cover comprises an upper sheet and sides which are arranged at an obtuse angle to the plane of the upper sheet. The tray has grooves and the cover is provided with catches for connecting the cover to the tray. The cover is not as long as the tray and is equal to the height of a ceiling over the building wall. The use of the formwork set simplifies the process of casting a concrete mixture when raising monolithically structured buildings with a decorative wall facade.

Description

REMOVABLE FORMWORK KIT WITH MULTILAYER

WALL PREPARATION DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to the construction of monolithic-frame houses of different floors with multi-layer walls when using removable formwork.

A multilayer wall panel is known that contains interconnected layers, one of which is a supporting and formed between removable formwork, and the other is heat insulating, while the supporting layer is made of expanded clay concrete with inside reinforcement made of PVC pipes installed in the vertical direction, and of metal rods laid horizontally, the insulating layer is made of foam, in which communications are laid, in addition, a multilayer wall panel with it contains a facade layer of gypsum fiber sheet moisture resistant (GVLV), a reinforcing layer of fine-mesh fiberglass mesh, a heat, moisture and sound insulating layer of extruded polystyrene foam, a layer for the interior of a gypsum plasterboard moisture resistant (GKLV), while the layers are interconnected by gluing, and on top between the heat, moisture and sound insulating layer of extruded polystyrene foam and the heat insulating layer of polystyrene, a cavity is formed due to the implementation of the facade layer of GVLV with heat, moisture and sound koizoliruyuschim layer of extruded polystyrene and the heat insulating layer with a layer of foam for interior finishing of the gypsum plasterboard greater height than the inner support layer of expanded clay (see. Patent for invention RU N ° 2336395, Cl. E 04 C 2/284, op. in 2008). These panels are technically sophisticated and designed for the construction of buildings with subsequent pouring concrete into the cavities of the PVC pipes located in the inner expanded clay concrete layer.

A hinged formwork shield is known, comprising two profile elements pivotally connected on an axis, wherein the cross section of each profile element is formed by two bases interconnected by two walls, a recess is made on one of the walls, from which a partition connecting the recess connecting with the opposite wall or one from the bases, while on the wall opposite the wall with the recess, a shank is made in its continuation, and from the base adjacent to the shank and from the wall with the recess the console with the tip, in which A hole is located under the shield axis, and the console is formed by extending the base, part of the wall adjacent to this base, and a rib extending from the recess (see patent for invention RU N ° 2326216, Cl. E 04 G 9/02, op. 2006 g.). This device is aimed at solving the problem of manufacturing concrete modules of various sizes. However, it does not provide for the manufacture of building modules with a decorative surface.

Known formwork for the manufacture of monolithic reinforced concrete modules, containing a base on which in the form of rectangles when viewed in plan, internal and external formwork panels are installed at a distance from each other, while the internal formwork panels include four corner sections, the outer surface of which forms a deck, and are made with the possibility of changing their length with a certain step, and the outer formwork panels are movable with the ability to move towards the inner formwork panels, two opposite s external transverse shield configured to change their length, while the other two oppositely disposed outer longitudinal shield made of fixed length, wherein on the inner side of the outer longitudinal shields are wedge-shaped clamps, interacting with the reciprocal clamps on the ends of the transverse shields (see patent of the invention RU N ° 2330148, CL. E 04 G 1 1/20, op. in 2008). This formwork has a rather complex structure and is intended for the construction of a building that requires subsequent external wall decoration.

The closest technical solution is a set of volumetric climbing formwork containing type-setting shuttering L-shaped half-tunnels with end shields forming a tunnel in a paired position, butt fastening elements between themselves, struts of adjustable length, rollers, racks carrying parallel channel stiffening beams vertical shields, ceiling and end shields, connected at the joint between each other with locking rotary brackets, covering twin bolts-clamps, embedded elements in the form of concrete armchairs tov, auxiliary equipment - roll-out and hinged scaffolds (see patent for invention RU JY 2171878, Cl. E 04 G 1 1/20, op. in 2001). In this kit with a rather complicated design, the problem of improving the quality of the walls of the building under construction and simplifying their installation has not been solved.

The present invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of increasing the versatility and improving the operational characteristics of removable formwork for erecting walls of a building that do not require additional decoration and repair of their internal and external surfaces, reducing the complexity and simplifying the process of pouring concrete mixture in the construction of monolithic-frame buildings with a decorative front surface walls, increasing the strength and seismic stability of structures. The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in a set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank, including a pallet with a multilayer wall blank and a formwork cover located in its internal cavity, the multilayer wall blank consists of at least one decorative and at least one heat-insulating layer, interconnected fittings, and the pallet includes a bottom mounted on the lower ribs from their inner side, as well as the sides of the pallet, located at an obtuse angle to the bottom ridge and fixed on the side and end edges of the pallet from their inner side, while the end ribs of the pallet are parallel to the plane of the bottom, and the side ribs of the pallet are perpendicular to the end edges of the pallet and at an obtuse angle to the plane of the bottom, the pallet is equipped with removable end panels, located at right angles to the bottom of the pallet at its ends, while at least one decorative layer is made gutter-shaped, and the bottom and sides of the pallet from the inside are made with the possibility reproducing a convex pattern on the surface of at least one decorative layer of the wall blank, while the formwork cover includes a top sheet located on the upper ribs from their inner side, and also the side of the cover, located at an obtuse angle to the plane of the top sheet and fixed to the side and end the ribs of the lid on their inner side, while the end ribs of the lid are parallel to the plane of the top sheet of the lid, and the side ribs of the lid are perpendicular to the end ribs of the lid and an obtuse angle to the plane of the topsheet cover, wherein the tray is provided with grooves, and the casing cover is provided with locks for the connection with one another, and the cover is shorter than the length of the tray by an amount equal to the height of the wall overlap building. The lower ribs of the pallet are perpendicular to each other with the formation of lattice surfaces for attaching the bottom, and the upper ribs of the lid are perpendicular to each other with the formation of lattice surfaces for attaching the top sheet. The pallet is equipped with guide rails located on the outer surface of the lower ribs of the bottom. The bottom and sides of the pallet are provided with inner ribs for forming a pattern on the decorative surface of at least one decorative layer located adjacent to the inner surface of the bottom and sides. The bottom and the formwork cover are equipped with adjusting supports mounted on one of the ends and designed to regulate the position of the formwork on the floor slab of the building. The formwork cover is equipped with spherical elements located on its outer surface from the side of the top sheet with holes for securing the transport rods. At least one decorative layer is made of fiber-reinforced concrete containing either mineral, steel, or polymer fibers. At least one decorative and at least one heat-insulating layer contains a reinforcing grill, the loops of which extend beyond the heat-insulating layer to connect them to the supporting monolithic wall of the structure. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank is provided with at least one matrix for forming a convex pattern on the surface of the decorative layer * of the wall of a monolithic structure located on the bottom and sides of the pallet from its inner side.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 shows the frame of the assembled formwork, view from the side of the pallet. In FIG. 2 - the same side view. In FIG. 3 - the same view from the side of the cover. In FIG. 4 - the same, end view. In FIG. 5 - a ready-made kit of removable formwork with two-layer wall blank, end view. In FIG. 6 - shows the finished set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank, end view. In FIG. 7 - a set of removable formwork with a concrete mixture filled with a bearing layer formed on a construction site is shown.

A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank contains a pallet 1 and a cover 2. In a pallet 1 is a multilayer wall blank, consisting of at least one decorative layer 3 and at least one heat-insulating layer 4, interconnected by reinforcement 5. Kit with a two-layer wall the blank is shown in FIG. 5. A kit with a multilayer wall blank is shown in FIG. 6. The part of the reinforcement 5, made in the form of loops, extends beyond at least one heat-insulating layer 4. The pallet 1 includes the lower ribs 6 and 7. The lower ribs 6 are perpendicular to the lower ribs 7 and form a lattice surface on which from the inside of the pallet 1 is located bottom 8. At an obtuse angle to the bottom 8 there are side ribs 9 associated with end ribs 10 and inner ribs 1 1 on which the sidewalls 12 are fixed. The inner ribs 1 1 and sidewalls 12 are also located at an obtuse angle to the bottom 8. Inner e ribs 1 1 are used in the construction of the formwork, if necessary: to obtain a pattern on the outer surface of the decorative layer 3 in the form of horizontal grooves. At the ends of the pallet 1 are removable end panels 13 with locking wedges 14. Guide rails 15 are located on the outer surface of the lower ribs 6 and 7, they are designed to move the formwork in the transport line in the manufacture of a multilayer wall blank. The fixing supports 16 are located on the lower ribs 6 from their outer side and are designed to stack the formwork, and the grooves 17 - for connection with a cover 2. The lower ribs 6 and 7, side ribs 9 and end ribs 10 can be made of a pipe of rectangular cross section, which increases their rigidity. The inner surface of the bottom 8 can be made with a convex pattern for its reproduction on the surface of at least one decorative layer 3 of the wall blank. Removable end panels 13 are installed on the pallet 1 only before pouring the decorative layer 3 and the heat-insulating layer 4 and removed after drying. The length of the pallet 1 is selected based on the height of one floor of the building, adding the height of the floor.

The cover 2 includes upper ribs 18 and 19 located perpendicular to each other with the formation of a lattice surface (similar to the lower ribs 6 and 7 of the pallet). The upper sheet 20 is fixed on the ribs 18 and 19 on their inner side. The side ribs 21 of the cover are oblique to the plane of the upper sheet 20. On the side ribs 21 and end ribs 22 with the inner ribs 23, the sidewalls 24 of the cover 2 are fixed. the ribs 22 of the cover 2 are located locks 25 for connection with the locks 17 of the pallet 1. On the outer surface of the cover 2 are spherical elements 26 with holes for attaching the transport rods used when moving the covers 2 and finished formwork. At the ends of the pallet 1 and the lid 2, adjusting supports 27 are installed. The length of the lid 2 is less than the length of the pallet 1 by an amount equal to the height of the ceiling of the building wall. For the manufacture of the pallet 1 and cover 2, different materials can be used: steel alloys, light alloys (including aluminum), titanium alloys, plastic materials, composite materials (including fiberglass with glue).

. At least one decorative layer 3 of the wall blank is made gutter-shaped, copying the shape of the bottom 8 s sidewalls 12 adjacent to it at an obtuse angle with inner ribs 1 1 and can be made of fiber-reinforced concrete containing either mineral, steel or polymer fibers. The decorative layer 3 can also be made of other similar materials, allowing you to get a beautiful relief pattern on the outer surface of the building, which does not require decoration and repair. For this embodiment, the manufacture of the kit, the bottom 8 and sidewalls 12 are made with a relief (convex) pattern on the inner surface of the pallet 1, which copies the decorative layer 3. Such a three-dimensional embodiment of the decorative layer 3 provides the decorative qualities of the wall blank used to erect the walls of the frame-monolithic building, on three sides of a partially convex wall. The building frame, containing several vertical walls with openings between them for windows and doors, erected using a wall blank and having a decorative pattern on three sides, makes it possible to vary the appearance of the building. Each convex vertical wall with embossed patterns on three sides has, in addition to decorativeness, also high strength properties, as well as resistance to weathering. At least one heat-insulating layer 4 can be filled with lightweight concrete, such as foam concrete, pumice concrete, aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete, expanded polystyrene concrete or made of other materials with high noise and heat insulation properties. The reinforcement 5 firmly holds the wall blank in the pallet 1, and also pulls layers 3 and 4 together, which is especially important for the further transportation of the formwork to the construction site of the building. To strengthen the connection of layers 3 and 4 when pouring heat-insulating layer 4, you can use reinforcing mesh 28. On the inner surface of the bottom 8 and sidewalls 12, you can place a replaceable matrix 29 with any relief (convex) pattern for the decorative layer 3. Matrix 29 for forming a convex pattern on the surface of the decorative layer 3 of the wall of a monolithic structure can be made of a polymeric material, for example, polypropylene or polyethylene by vacuum molding. When using a replaceable matrix 29, there is no need to perform the bottom 8 and sidewalls 12 with a relief pattern. For this embodiment, the manufacture of the kit, the bottom 8 and sidewalls 12 are made with a smooth surface.

A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank is made as follows. Pallet 1 is installed with the bottom 8 down, placing it horizontally relative to ground level. On the pallet 1, removable end panels 13 are installed and fixed with wedges 14. A decorative layer 3 can be applied directly to the bottom 8 and sidewalls 12, if their surface is made with a given relief pattern. When using a replaceable matrix 29 with a pattern, it is laid on the sidewalls 12 and the bottom 8, and then the mixture is applied. The mixture for pouring the decorative layer 3 is a mass of dense consistency, which provides uniform coverage of the inner cavity of the pallet 1: its bottom 8, the inclined sides 12 and the inner ribs 1 1. These conditions, for example, correspond to fiber-reinforced concrete containing either mineral, steel or polymer fiber. Fiber-concrete provides the formation of a decorative layer 3 of a gutter-shaped form with high decorative and strength qualities on three sides of the wall billet, resistant to weathering. After pouring at least one decorative layer 3, reinforcement 5 with reinforcing mesh 28 is installed on it. The most technologically advanced is the implementation of reinforcing mesh 28 as a single unit with reinforcement 5, which is a bracket connected by lower ends to reinforcing mesh 28. Moreover, the reinforcing mesh 28 is made in the form of a groove that copies the shape of the bottom 8 with the sides 12 of the pallet 1. The reinforcing mesh 28 is pressed against the decorative layer 3 of fiber concrete applied to the sides 12. The reinforcement 5 is installed so that its upper the loops protruded after pouring over the surface of the heat-insulating layer 4.

Then, at least one heat-insulating layer 4 is formed, pouring, for example, lightweight concrete a cavity formed by a gutter-like decorative layer 3 with reinforcement 5 and mesh 28 in the pallet 1. For the manufacture of heat-insulating layer 4, different mixtures with noise and heat insulation properties can be used. After pouring or laying the heat-insulating layer 4, it is leveled along the length and width of the pallet 1. Then, the pallet 1 is sent for drying, receiving a wall blank located in the inner cavity of the pallet 1. After the heat-insulating layer 4 has dried, the end panels 13 are removed and a set of removable formwork is prepared with wall blank for transportation. To do this, the pallets 1 are horizontally mounted on top of each other so that the upstream pallets 1 with their locking supports 16 rest on top of the end ribs 10 of the lower pans 1. Thus, the stack of pallets 1 is fixed to each other, and the cover 2 is put on the upper pallet 1, fixing it locks 25 in the grooves 17 of the pallet 1.

When installing the wall, a set of removable formwork with a wall blank and a cover 2 is installed vertically with the pallet 1 outward on the prepared vertical reinforcement 30, exposing the formwork strictly vertically using the adjusting supports 27. Then the concrete mixture is poured into the cavity of the formwork with reinforcement 30 formed by a heat-insulating layer 4 s reinforcement 5 and cover 2, forming a bearing layer 31 of the wall of the building. Armature 5, binding the decorative layer 3 and the heat-insulating layer 4 rigidly connects the entire structure of the wall blank with the reinforcement 30 and the bearing layer 31 of the wall of the building. After the carrier layer 31 of the building wall has dried, the formwork is removed. For this, the locks 25 of the cover 2 are pulled out from the grooves 17 of the pallet 1. Due to the arrangement of the sides 12 of the pallet 1 and the sides 24 of the cover 2 at an obtuse angle, the cover 2 and the pallet 1 can be freely removed from the finished building wall after opening the lock 25 from the groove 17. The cover 2 is removed inside the building from the side of the carrier layer 31. The pallet 1 is removed from the outside, while the decorative layer 3 of the wall of the building has transverse decorative recesses formed by the inner ribs 11 when pouring layers 3 and 4, and a beautiful relief (convex) pattern. Using the matrix 29 facilitates the removal of the pallet 1 when dismantling the formwork. When mounting the doors and windows of the building, they are joined with the bearing layer 31 of the building, and the decorative layer 3 forms protruding half-columns of a trapezoidal sectional view, adjacent to the bearing layer 31 of the building and having a relief pattern on three sides. Moreover, the pattern on the decorative layer 3 has high strength and weather-resistant qualities. The manufacture of a multilayer wall blank of the formwork in the factory improves the quality of the decorative layer 3. Due to the fact that the length of the cover 2 is less than the length of the pallet 1 by an amount equal to the height of the ceiling of the building wall, in the upper part of the formwork over the supporting layer remains reinforced concrete mix 30 adjacent to the heat-insulating layer 4 of the wall blank. In this zone, the formwork then forms the crossbars and floors of the building. Such a frame-monolithic construction of the building allows to increase its seismic stability, since all its vertical and horizontal elements are rigidly interconnected by a reinforced concrete bearing layer 31, while the outer part of the building immediately has a decorative look and does not require additional finishing works. The inner surface of the walls, poured directly to the height of the floor using a set of removable formwork with a wall blank and a cover 2, also does not require additional finishing and plastering due to the high-quality performance of the inner surface of the cover 2.

A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank of removable formwork 4 is shown in FIG. 6. The wall blank may contain at least one additional decorative layer 32, intended to harden the main decorative layer 3, and at least one additional thermal insulation layer 33, intended to enhance the heat and noise insulation properties of the walls of the building. An additional decorative layer 32 can be made with the addition of concrete, and an additional heat-insulating layer 33 can be made in the form of tabs, or several tabs of foam or other similar material, significantly increasing the noise and heat-insulating properties of the walls of the building.

Thus, the technical result achieved using the claimed invention is to increase the versatility and improve the operational characteristics of removable formwork, reduce the complexity and simplify the process of pouring concrete mixture in the construction of monolithic-frame buildings with a decorative front surface of the walls that do not require additional decoration and repair of their internal and the external surface, increasing noise and heat insulation, strength and seismic stability of the constructed structures.

Claims

Claim

1. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank, characterized by the presence of a pallet with a multilayer wall blank and a formwork lid located in its inner cavity, while the multilayer wall blank consists of at least one decorative and at least one heat-insulating layer connected by a reinforcement made with outer ends protruding beyond at least one heat-insulating layer, the pallet being made of a bottom and sidewalls located at an obtuse angle to the plane at the same time, at the same time, the pallet is equipped with removable end panels located at right angles to the bottom of the pallet at its ends, while at least one decorative layer is made gutter-shaped, and the bottom and sides of the pallet from the inside are made with the possibility of reproducing a relief pattern on the surface the decorative layer of the wall blank, while the formwork cover is made of a top sheet and cover sides located at an obtuse angle to the plane of the top sheet, with the pallet provided with grooves and the lid opal ki is provided with locks for the connection with one another, and the cover is shorter than the length of the tray by an amount equal to the height of the building wall overlap.

2. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the pallet is provided with lower ribs and fixed to them from their inner side, and the sides of the pallet, located at an obtuse angle to the plane of the bottom, are provided with side and end ribs and mounted on them from their inner side, while the end ribs of the sides of the pallet are parallel to the plane of the bottom, and the side ribs of the sides of the pallet are perpendicular to the end ribs of the sides the pallet and at an obtuse angle to the plane of the bottom, while the upper sheet of the formwork cover is provided with upper ribs and is located on them from their inner side, and the sidewalls of the cover, located at an obtuse angle to the plane of the upper sheet, are provided with side and end edges of the cover and are mounted on them on their inner side, while the end edges of the cover are parallel to the plane of the top sheet of the cover, and the side edges of the cover are perpendicular to the end edges of the cover and at an obtuse angle to the plane of the top sheet of the cover.

3. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower ribs of the pallet are perpendicular to each other with the formation of lattice surfaces for fastening the bottom, and the upper edges of the lid are perpendicular to each other with the formation of lattice surfaces for fastening the upper sheet.

4. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that the pallet is equipped with guide rails located on the outer surface of the lower ribs of the bottom.

5. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom and sides of the pallet are provided with inner ribs for forming a pattern on the decorative surface of the decorative layer, located adjacent to the inner surface of the bottom and sides.

6. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that the bottom and cover of the formwork are equipped with adjusting supports fixed to one of the ends and designed to regulate the position of the formwork on the floor slab of the building.

7. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that the formwork cover is provided with spherical elements located on its outer surface with holes for securing the transport rods.

8. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one decorative layer is made of fiber-reinforced concrete containing either mineral, steel or polymer fibers.

9. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that the decorative and heat-insulating layers contain a reinforcing grill, the loops of which extend beyond the heat-insulating layer to connect them to the supporting monolithic wall of the structure.

10. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one matrix for forming a convex pattern on the surface of the decorative layer of the wall of a monolithic structure located on the bottom and sides of the pallet from its inner side.

1 1. A set of removable formwork with a multilayer wall blank according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the pallet is provided with fixing supports located on horizontal ribs from the outside.