WO2017182946A1

WO2017182946A1 - Panel for wall or slab for dry construction with a profile arranged peripherically with a slotting recess, and manufacturing process thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2017182946A1
Application number: PCT/IB2017/052210
Authority: WO
Inventors: José Manuel BOTAS PEQUENO; José Manuel FERNANDES GREGÓRIO; Rui Tomás GOMES PEREIRA MARQUES
Original assignee: On Innovation, Lda; Electrofer Internacional, Lda
Priority date: 2016-04-18
Filing date: 2017-04-18
Publication date: 2017-10-26

Abstract

The present disclosure pertains to prefabricated and industrialised manufacture, in particular a panel (1) for the wall (11) or slab (12) of a building or house which includes two main faces which are parallel to each other, each being made up of a permanent formwork board (10) and lateral and end faces each comprising a profile (2) arranged longitudinally to said faces, forming a rim in which said rim includes a longitudinal recess for a slot (21) to receive one or more longitudinal parts for slotting (6) into the recess of the lateral face profile (2) of another panel (1) and which, in its interior, includes a filling (20) which was deposited and cured in said permanent formwork boards (10) and the filling (20) is preferably light. The panel (1) may be assembled in modular structures very effectively in a vertical or horizontal position, allowing the great spaciousness of the interior spaces, speed of implementation, low costs and the quality/construction thoroughness and simplicity of assembly, in particular dry assembly. The potential variety - dimensional and material - of the permanent formwork panels (1) and their filling (20) allows different qualitative levels and characteristics to be included in the different solutions obtained using the present invention.

Description

D E S C R I P T I O N

PANEL FOR WALL OR SLAB FOR DRY CONSTRUCTION WITH A PROFILE ARRANGED PERIPHERALLY WITH A SLOTTING RECESS, AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS

THEREOF

Technical field

The present disclosure pertains to prefabricated and industrialised manufacture, in particular a prefabricated wall panel, preferably light, and slab, the respective fittings and the industrial manufacturing and assembly procedure.

Background

In recent years there has been a major contribution by various industrialised systems, namely using concrete, metal and wood, to increase the speed, efficiency and thoroughness of the construction. Objectively, some of the main purposes of light prefabricated construction can be referred to: sustainability; low consumption of fossil fuel; weight/resistance ratio; thermal inertia; with a diversity of types, features and products.

Today various construction systems appear which are very different from the traditional systems - in the case of wood, for example, the traditional system involving logs or self- supporting panels or frameworks. The latter, having served as the point of departure for the first attempt to implement an industrialised wood construction system - the General Panel System (1941) - by Konrad Wachsmann and Walter Gropius, had the limitation of constituting a closed system, without the features of flexibility, adaptability and combination with other systems. Today, the new technologies - mainly CNC digital ones - allow open systems, quite often based on unit series logics, to constitute an unavoidable, desirable reality in terms of business and industrial strategy - this is also how the technology of the present disclosure fits in. These strategies are aimed at the obtaining of products endowed with high resistance and typification and which can be combined with other construction systems.

General description

The present disclosure pertains to prefabricated construction, in particular a wall panel or slab for a building which includes two main faces which are parallel to each other each being made up of a permanent formwork board and lateral and end faces each comprising a profile arranged longitudinally to said faces, forming a rim in which said rim includes a longitudinal recess for a slot to receive one or more longitudinal parts for slotting into the recess of the lateral face profile of another panel and which, in its interior, includes a filling which was deposited and cured, with the aid of vents, in said permanent formwork boards and the filling is preferably light. A permanent formwork is a formwork that stays in place after curing.

The panel may be assembled in modular structures very effectively, allowing the great spaciousness of the interior spaces, speed of implementation, low costs and simple assembly, in particular, 100% dry assembly of the whole construction, for example, dispensing with the use of mortar and the present solution is endowed with higher architectonic and construction quality.

The aforementioned characteristics allow greater lightness to be obtained, a lower material cost, more space for the possible installation of insulations and technical infrastructures and more space for any possible structural reinforcements.

The point of departure of the disclosure is light concrete panels, namely using EPS, rice husks, cork particles, wood fibres or hemp straw and/or fibres. The improvement is related with the introduction, at an industrial production stage, of a profile, for example, an extruded aluminium profile, on the perimeter of the panel. This profile, studied in depth to comply with various requirements in terms of watertightness, waterproofing and binding with the other materials, ensures the compliance of the fully dry construction (main concept which underlies these projects), replacing other bonding processes between parts. The panel is made up, broadly speaking, of 3 elements: 1) Profile, for example, an aluminium extruded one, which serves as an exterior rim; 2) Boards, for example, made of Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Oxide, Black Agglomerate cork, Glass, Fiber-cement or Plywood which will serve as permanent formwork and, simultaneously, the panel finish; 3) filling, for example, made of lightweight concrete, for example, combined with expanded polystyrene (tm) or hemp fibre and/or straw, filling with phosphogypsum or polyurethane foam. The profile 1) and boards 2) as a whole constitute a consistent, watertight mould which will contain the filling 3) until its solidification. This product leaves the factory ready for application (without the need for any additional finish).

It is possible to use polymeric fillings, preferably expandable, as they allow the greater adhesion and filling of spaces and a reduction in any slack between the parts of the panel. In the event that the polymeric filling is compression-resistant such as, for example, polyurethane foam, light panels are obtained which are highly stress-resistant which is particularly surprising if we bear in mind the resistance characteristics of the polymeric material itself compared with concrete. A polymeric filling should preferably be used which is intumescent, for example, intumescent polyurethane foam.

In the event that the boards (main faces of the panel) are glass, the filling may include embedded decorative elements or be pigmented in uniform fashion or with decorative patterns, for example, pigmented concrete. In addition, or alternatively, the filling may be transparent so as to allow the passage of light, e.g., polyethylene foam.

The profile, e.g. extruded in aluminium - central element of the differentiation of the solution and the technology - has a relevant feature: it is characterised by preferably having, throughout the external perimeter of the panel, a female cross section. This option allows greater freedom in terms of panel assembly. Alternatively, the profile/rim may have a female cross section, the recess for a slot, only on the two lateral faces of the panel, simplifying manufacture in those cases in which only the lateral affixation of the panels is required.

There is the use of a slot profile, a longitudinal part, e.g. a quadrangular tubular part whose thickness is variable in line with the mechanical requirements for binding between panels. The fact it is tubular also ensures that we can more freely pass technical cables inside the joints between panels as if it was a mini-cross section. Alternatively, the longitudinal part (s) of the slot may be solid.

The potential variety - of dimension and material - of the permanent formwork board, and filling thereof, allows giving different characteristics and qualitative levels to the different solutions obtained from the present disclosure - namely strength, robustness, lightness, low cost and ease of assembly.

The manufacturing of the panels by means of batteries which are also purpose-built to this end, the use of formwork reinforcements, namely on the permanent formwork boards and these reinforcements are only necessary until the partial curing of the filling of the panel.

The panels may be manufactured at the factory or in-situ, alongside the construction work, by means of mobile units.

The manufacturing process encompasses the following steps:

- having available the structural elements of the panel, possibly with the exception of one of the lateral or end faces, to facilitate filling by means of the respective opening (alternatively, a hole may be used on one of the faces which shall later be sealed);

- having available a formwork reinforcement, preferably in the form of a separator, namely on the permanent formwork boards as they are the largest faces; - filling of the interior space of the panel faces;

- where necessary, install the missing lateral or end face;

- wait for the total or partial curing of the filling;

- dismantle the formwork reinforcement separators;

- remove the panels.

The panels are preferably assembled vertically to receive the filling. Preferably, the panels are arranged in stacks which accumulate horizontally and are kept attached by means of compression.

The means of compression may be screws e.g. of the dywidag™ type, straps, hydraulic pistons or frames, suitable for maintaining the panels and their formwork boards under pressure until the filling has been sufficiently cured for the panels to be self-supporting.

The panels are filled by a filling system, individually (one by one) or in groups. If the panels are filled individually, the panels require individual reinforcements to avoid the breakage of the permanent formwork boards owing to the weight of the filling.

Separators may be used inside the battery which must be endowed with a high-relief whose thickness corresponds to the thickness of the aluminium profile. Its form must be such that it can be fit in between the unevenness of the exterior rim. The aim will be to ensure the position of the permanent formwork boards so as to avoid their breakage.

The separator may be just a sheet with thickness to offset the unevenness between the profile and the formwork board in the recess area to receive the formwork board. Preferably, the separator will have twice the thickness of the profile on the external part of said recess in such a way that one single separator is sufficient to install between two panels as the existing unevenness will be the accumulation of two unevenness zones. On the external faces of the top panels a sheet or separator may be used which preferably has the thickness of the profile on the external part of said recess so as to offset the aforementioned existing unevenness.

Alternatively, the separator may be strengthened, having on each of its faces unevenness to complement the attendant unevenness to be found between the profile and the formwork board in the recess area to receive the formwork board. Preferably, the unevenness will have the same thickness as the thickness of the profile on the external part of said recess. Preferably, the separator is strengthened in such a way that the filling of the panels can be carried out independently as the individual filling of a panel may cause any formwork boards to break which are not supported to withstand the weight of the filling itself. Self-evidently, if the panels are simultaneously or more or less simultaneously filled, this issue is not raised and the single separator may be used (51). The reinforced separator may comprise two sheets with said unevenness, containing in its interior a set of reinforcement bars or, alternatively, it may be a solid part.

The panels are preferably filled vertically. After the curing of the filling is sufficiently advanced for their movement, the panels are preferably rotated horizontally to be stacked up and transported.

It is disclosed a panel for wall or slab for dry construction comprising two main faces parallel between them, two end faces and two lateral faces, for leaning against or slotting into other panels,

wherein the main faces are each a permanent formwork board, and the lateral and end faces each have a constant cross section profile arranged longitudinally to each said lateral face forming a rim peripheral to the panel,

wherein said profile of the lateral faces comprises a slotting longitudinal recess for receiving one or more longitudinal parts for slotting into a slotting longitudinal recess of a lateral face of another said panel, and wherein the main, lateral and end faces define an interior region, said interior region comprising a filling obtained by depositing and curing on said permanent formwork boards.

Main faces are the name given to the two opposite faces with the largest area on the panel. The faces adjoining the main faces constitute a set of four faces which are peripheral to the main faces as the panel substantially has a parallelepiped shape.

Lateral faces is the name given to the faces that are arranged on the faces of the panel to lean against the panel or slot the panel into other panels. End faces is the name given to the faces of the panel that may, or may not, serve for leaning against the panel or slotting the panel into other panels.

The panel may be arranged horizontally, in other words, laid down, or vertically, in other words, standing up. If the panel is arranged vertically, the lateral faces may be on the left and right and the end faces above and below or the lateral faces may be above and below and the top faces on the left and right.

The panel may be leant against virtually any kind of structure such as pillars, walls and other classic masonry structures, metal partitions, inter alia.

In a preferential embodiment, the top faces each have a constant cross section profile arranged longitudinally to each said top face, wherein said profile comprises a slotting longitudinal recess for receiving one or more longitudinal parts for slotting into a complementary slotting longitudinal recess.

In a preferential embodiment, the profiles of the lateral and end faces are joined to each other in mitre fashion. In a preferential embodiment, the permanent formwork board is made of calcium silicate, magnesium oxide, RPC - rubber-plastic composite, fiber-cement, cement board with wooden fibres of the Viroc(tm) type, in plywood, glass or black cork agglomerate.

If black cork agglomerate is used, its high porousness allows high adhesion of the filling.

Preferably, the slotting of the boards can be provided on fins already existing on the profile, allowing the latter to work alone and jointly.

In a preferential embodiment, the permanent formwork board encompasses pore- plugging material. This is particularly useful in the event that material of the boards is very porous, for example, in the event of black cork agglomerate.

The pore-plugger may be an epoxy sealer on the outside of the permanent formwork boards. In the event of black cork agglomerate, a sealer may be applied via the exterior, sprayed in epoxy.

The pore-plugger has advantages like: preventing that the concreting escapes to the exterior of the mould comprising the cork, but ensuring the necessary unevenness in the interior which allows good adherence and subsequent post-curing affixation; determining a more effective outer finish in terms of durability and also aesthetically.

In a preferential embodiment, said profile is made of magnesium oxide, or of wood, or of RPC, of rubber-plastic composite, or of extruded aluminium, in particular whose extrusion direction is longitudinal to the respective lateral or end face.

In a preferential embodiment, the filling includes light concrete, light concrete with expanded polystyrene, light concrete with rice husk, light concrete with wooden fibres, light concrete with cork particles or light concrete reinforced by hemp straw and/or fibres; phosphogypsum or stabilised phosphogypsum or stabilised phosphogypsum with cement; or polyurethane foam or its mixtures. In a preferential embodiment, the filling comprises polyurethane foam, said profile is of magnesium oxide, of RPC or of wood, and the permanent formwork board is of magnesium oxide, of RPC or of wood.

In a preferential embodiment, the filling comprises polyurethane foam, said profile is of magnesium oxide or of wood, and the permanent formwork board is of magnesium oxide, or of wood.

In a preferential embodiment, the filling comprises polyurethane foam, said profile is of wood, and the permanent formwork board is of magnesium oxide.

In a preferential embodiment, the filling comprises polyurethane foam, said profile is of aluminium or galvanized steel, and the permanent formwork board is of magnesium oxide.

Alternatively, the filling includes compacted rock wool, polyethylene foam, expanded polystyrene or expanded polystyrene boards.

In a preferential embodiment, the longitudinal part for a slot has a rectangular cross- section, a square cross-section, possibly solid, a tubular section or a hollow, square cross-section endowed with different possible thicknesses. The empty space of the longitudinal part for slotting is useful for receiving cables, tubes and/or pipes or for filling with elements endowed with insulating properties.

In a preferential embodiment, the longitudinal part for a slot is made of metal, aluminium or polymeric material. This longitudinal part represents an effective structural reinforcement which is vital for the performance of the present construction solution, namely in 2 major aspects: "beam effect" - comprising an effective reinforcement of the mechanical capacity - and "support structural operation" between the various panels. profile is preferably extruded. In a preferential embodiment, said profile encompasses two longitudinal recesses, each at the ends of the cross section of the profile to receive one of said permanent formwork boards.

In a preferential embodiment, said longitudinal recesses are tapered to facilitate the insertion of the permanent formwork boards. In addition, the oblique flap of the tapering also allows more effective affixation with the filling.

In a preferential embodiment, said profile includes, at the centre of its cross-section, the aforementioned longitudinal slotting recess to receive a longitudinal part for a slot.

In a preferential embodiment, said profile includes a longitudinal reinforcement rib.

In a preferential embodiment, said profile includes a longitudinal rib with a recess which encompasses a longitudinal rubber or polymeric element for insulation and/or waterproofing by compression.

In a preferential embodiment, said profile encompasses a longitudinal fin arranged in a blocking direction of said filling, in particular, arranged perpendicularly to the main faces of the panel.

In a preferential embodiment, said filling includes a metallic reinforcement mesh, in particular an electrowelded metallic mesh which has advantages in terms of structural effect, namely by strengthening the interior composition with welded steel mesh, for example, at one of the permanent formwork boards, bestowing greater ductility on the construction element.

In a preferential embodiment, the thickness of the permanent formwork boards is from 4 to 20mm, more specifically 4mm to 8mm or from 4.5mm to 6mm, more specifically 4.5mm or 6mm. In a preferential embodiment, the depth of the panel, in other words, the distance between the main faces - or the thickness of the panel - is 70mm to 140mm, more specifically 70mm, 90mm, 100mm, 120mm or 140mm.

In a preferential embodiment, the filling has a density of 50 to 1600 Kg/m3, in particular, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 or 1600 Kg/m3.

The panel obtained, in accordance with the filling density, may have densities of 30Kg/m2 for example in the case of panels which are 90 mm thick.

The panel may be strengthened by using denser or more resistant fillings, by including in the filling structural reinforcements (for example, malhasol or some other honeycomb structure) or the mere increase in the total thickness of the panel, for example, to 140mm.

In a preferential embodiment, the panel encompasses an outer coating of tinned gypsum, hydraulic plaster or sprayed stucco for use of walls or agglomerate with cork fragments of the corticite (tm) type, black cork agglomerate, self-levelling material, ceramic material or vinyl material for use on slabs or walls or a floating floor for use on the slab.

In a preferential embodiment, the panel is an whole wall panel at the height of a storey for application inside the building structure with its length or width being equal to the ceiling height of a storey minus the height of the building beams, in particular the length of the panel is between 2.20m and 3.40m, more specifically between 2.29m and 2.34m.

In a preferential embodiment, the panel is an whole inner wall panel at the height of a storey for exterior application to the building structure and its length or width are equal to the mean distance from floor to floor, in particular, the length of the panel is between 2.20m and 3.90m, more specifically, between 2.40m and 3.00m. In a preferential embodiment, the main faces of the panel have at least two times more area than the lateral faces, to be precise three times, to be precise five times, to be precise eight times, to be precise ten times or to be precise twenty times.

In a preferential embodiment, the panel is a slab panel for horizontal application onto the building structure and between the end faces it has a length of 2.50m to 3.20m, to be precise from 2.70m to 3.00m, to be precise 2.80m to 2.90m.

In a preferential embodiment, the recess in the profile has a cross section for receiving cables, tubes and/or conduits or for strengthening the insulation by interior filling, for example, using polyurethane foam. In this way, regardless of the panel receive or not the longitudinal part for slotting, for example, when the panel is leant against a traditional construction pillar, the empty space may receive said cables, pipes and/or conduits and insulations.

In a preferential embodiment, the profile has vent holes.

In a preferential embodiment, for each profile face, the longitudinal recess has a width between 1/5 and 1/2 of the profile width, in particular between 1/4 and 1/3 of the profile width.

In a preferential embodiment, for each profile face, the longitudinal recess has a depth between 1/10 and 1/4 of the profile width, in particular between 1/8 and 1/6 of the profile width, more particularly substantially equal to half the width of the longitudinal recess.

A description is also provided of a building wall which includes a number of the panels stated above and the respective longitudinal part for slotting the profiles of the panels.

A description is also provided of a buildings lab which encompasses a wide range of the panels referred to above and the respective longitudinal parts for slotting the two profiles of the panels. Preferably, when assembling the slab, the longitudinal part for slotting is sufficiently rigid to behave like a beam, substantially withstanding the effects of the sagging of the panels where they are fit and the respective loading actions.

It is also described an adaptor part for wall or slab panels referred to above and assembled on beams of a building storey, wherein the adaptor is an extruded part with a "S" shape extrusion cross section comprising:

a top flat section for the skirting of a wall panel laying on an end face on the adaptor part;

an upper support section for laying on a slab panel and for receiving said end face of the wall panel; and

a flat flashing section for protecting the joint between the slab panel and the beam and for protecting the joint between the beam and a wall panel of the immediately lower storey of the building,

wherein the upper support section comprises a longitudinal protrusion for slotting into a slotting longitudinal recess of said end face of the wall panel.

In a preferential embodiment of the adaptor part, its cross section transversal to the extrusion direction includes a drip edge section subsequent to the flashing section with a descending acute angle projecting with the wall panel of the immediately lower storey of the building.

In a preferential embodiment of the adaptor part, its cross section transversal to the extrusion direction encompasses, connected to the flashing section: a lower support section to be supported on the lower part of the beam and receive the wall panel of the immediately lower storey of the building where the lower support section encompasses a longitudinal protrusion to be slotted into the recess of the profile of the upper end face of the wall panel of the immediately lower storey of the building.

In a preferential embodiment of the adaptor part, its cross section transversal to the extrusion direction encompasses, connected to the lower section : a flat section descending to the ceiling trim of the wall panel of the immediately interior storey of the building.

In a preferential embodiment of the adaptor part, said sections are joined by curved sections with 90° angles on their cross section transversal to the extrusion direction.

In a preferential embodiment of the adaptor part, this is made of RPC, rubber-plastic composite, or of WPC, wood-plastic composite or it is made of metal.

Description of the drawings

For an easier understanding of the invention, the figures are attached which represent preferential embodiments of the invention which, nevertheless, do not intend to limit the object of the present invention.

Figure la: Diagrammatic representation of the panel (1), the main faces with permanent formwork boards (10), the constant cross section profile (2) arranged longitudinally on a lateral or end face, the cured filling (20) in said permanent formwork boards.

Figure lb: Diagrammatic representation of the profile (2), longitudinal recess of slot (21) in the centre of the cross section of the profile to receive a longitudinal part for slotting into the excess of the profile of the lateral or end face of another similar panel, two longitudinal recesses (22), each at the ends of the cross section of the profile in order to receive one of said permanent formwork boards, the tapered surface (25) to facilitate the insertion of the permanent formwork boards into said recesses (22), longitudinal reinforcement rib (23) which may receive a longitudinal rubber or polymeric element for the insulation and/or waterproofing by compression, longitudinal fin (24) arranged in a locking direction of said filling, in this case arranged perpendicularly to the main faces of the panel. Figure lc: Diagrammatic representation of the slot between two panels (1), with the main faces endowed with permanent formwork boards (10), the constant cross section profile (2) arranged longitudinally on a lateral or end face, the filling (20) cured in said permanent formwork boards, the longitudinal part for slotting (6) in the recess of the profile of the lateral face of the two panels.

Figure 2a: Diagrammatic representation of the external elevation view, for example, of an outer wall of a building, an embodiment of a structure which includes: panel assembled as a wall (11) supported on a panel assembled as a slab (12) which, in turn, is supported on a beam (4) and which, in turn, is supported on pillars (5). It should be noted that in this case the adaptor part was not used as in this case the slab (12), beam (4) and the separation between slab (12) and beam (4) would not be visible from the exterior.

Figure 2b: Diagrammatic representation of the sectional view of the previous embodiment.

Figure 2c: Diagrammatic representation of the external elevation view, for example, of an outer wall of a building, an embodiment of a structure which includes the panel assembled as a wall (11), being assembled internally on pillars (5), including the adaptor part (3).

Figure 2d: Diagrammatic representation of the sectional view of the previous embodiment.

Figure 2e: Diagrammatic representation of the external elevation view, for example, of an outer wall of a building, an embodiment of a structure which includes the panel assembled as a wall (11), being assembled exterior to the rest of the structure and optional interior panels. Figure 2f: Diagrammatic representation of the sectional view of the previous embodiment, showing the simultaneous - but optional - assembly of interior panels in accordance with embodiment 2a/2b above. The adaptor part (3) is also optional in this case.

Figure 3: Diagrammatic representation of the sectional view of an embodiment of a structure with a panel assembled as a wall (11), panel assembled as a slab (12), beam (4) and adaptor part (3) which, in turn, includes a skirting section (31), an upper support section (32) for the wall (11) in panel form, a vertical flashing section (33) to protect the joint between the slab (12) and the beam (4) and the joint between the beam (4) and the wall (11) on a (lower) panel on which the upper support section includes a longitudinal protrusion for slotting into the recess the profile of said end face of the wall panel.

Figure 4: Diagrammatic representation of the sectional view, of an embodiment of a structure as set out above in which the adaptor part (3) also includes a drip edge section (34).

Figure 5: Diagrammatic representation of the sectional view, an embodiment of a structure as set out above in which the adaptor part (3) also includes a lower support section (35) for the wall (11) on a panel of the immediately lower storey of the building and a ceiling trim section (36) on which the lower support section includes a longitudinal protrusion to slot into the recess the profile of the end face of the wall panel of the immediately lower storey.

Figure 6: Diagrammatic representation of the sectional view, of an embodiment of a structure with the adaptor part (3) in which the lower support section (35) is only extended as far as the region of the longitudinal protrusion and, in particular, the longitudinal protrusion is endowed with a transversal width lower than the transversal width of the recess of the profile and a transversal depth equal to the transversal depth of the profile recess.

Figure 7: Image of an interior room carried out using slab and wall panels. Figure 8: Image of an interior room carried out using slab and wall panels. Figure 9: Image of the outside of a building carried out using slab and wall panels. Figure 10: Image of battery for filling with two panels and two separator versions.

Figura 11: Schematic representation of the sectional view of an embodiment of the panel wherein the permanent formwork boards substantially extend over the whole lateral part of the profile, so that the panels have a uniform lateral face.

Figura 12: Schematic representation of the sectional view of an embodiment of the panel (100), with a schematic representation of the main faces with permanent formwork boards (110), of the profile (102a, 102b) of the constant cross section arranged longitudinally on a lateral or end face, and the filling (120) cured on said permanent formwork boards (110).

Detailed description

The present embodiments have the option of vertical application in the materialization of the walls, but also horizontally in the materialization of the flooring and roof boards, dispensing with the need for any other material - namely a finish - besides the primary structure which constitutes the structural skeleton of the constructions. These characteristics, as well as affording it great construction autonomy, ensure great cleanliness, thoroughness and organisation at the works' site, also deriving from its dry construction properties. Assembly and implementation at the works' site benefit from the extra lightness of said elements. It is worth noting that the present embodiments may dispense with the aforementioned primary structure which would be assumed in this case and namely in buildings with one or two storeys, by the panels themselves.

Figure la shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the panel (1). Figure lb shows a diagrammatic representation of a profile (2) of the panel. Figure lc shows a diagrammatic representation of the slot between two panels (1) and the slotting part (6).

Figure 2a shows an elevation view, for example, of an exterior wall of a building, of an embodiment of a structure which includes: panel assembled as a wall (11), supported on a panel assembled as a slab (12) which, in turn, is supported on a beam (4) which, in turn, is supported by columns (5). It should be noted that in this case the adaptor part was not used, as the slab (12), the beam (4) and the separation between the slab (12) and the beam (4) would not be visible from the exterior. Figure 2b displays a cross- section of the embodiment.

Figure 2c shows an external elevation view, for example, of an exterior wall of a building, of an embodiment of a structure which includes the panel assembled as a wall (11), being assembled internally on pillars (5). The adaptor part (3) was applied to this case. Figure 2d shows a cross-section of this embodiment.

Figure 2e shows an external elevation, for example, of an exterior wall of a building, of an embodiment of a structure which includes the panel (11) assembled as an exterior wall, being assembled outside the rest of the structure and optional interior panels. Figure 2f shows a cross-section of this embodiment, showing the simultaneous, but optional, assembly of panels (11) assembled as interior panels in accordance with embodiment 2a/2b above. The adaptor part (3) is also optional in this case. Figure 3 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a structure with a panel assembled as a wall (11), a panel assembled as a slab (12), a beam (4) and an adaptor part (3) which, in turn, includes a skirting section (31), an upper support section (32) for the wall (11) as a panel, a vertical flashing section (33) for protecting the joint between the slab (12) and the beam (4) and the joint between the beam (4) and the wall (11) as a panel of the immediately lower storey in which the upper support section (32) includes a longitudinal protrusion to slot into the profile recess of said end face of the wall panel..

Figure 4 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a structure as set out above in which the adaptor part (3) also includes a drip edge section (34).

Figure 5 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a structure as set out above in which the adaptor part (3) also includes a lower support section (35) for the wall (11) on the panel in the immediately lower storey of the building and a ceiling trim section (36) in which the lower support section (35) includes a longitudinal protrusion to be slotted into the profile recess of the end face of the wall panel on the immediately lower storey of the building.

Figure 6 displays a Diagrammatic representation of the sectional view of an embodiment of a structure with the adaptor part (3) in which the lower support section (35) is only prolonged as far as the region of the longitudinal protrusion and, in particular, the longitudinal protrusion has a transversal width lower than the transversal width of the profile recess and a transversal depth equal to the transversal depth of the profile recess.

It is possible to obtain configurations on a curve by means of the juxtaposition of panels in small straight segments, namely using narrower modular configurations.

Figure 7 shows an image of an interior room carried out using slab and wall panels. Figure 8 shows an image of an interior room carried out using slab and wall panels.

Figure 9 shows an image of the exterior of a building carried out using slab and wall panels.

Figure 10 shows a battery image (stack) for filling with two panels subject to a reinforcement or compression structure and two separator versions (51, 52). The reinforcement or compression structure serves to avoid or break the filling boards owing to the weight of the filling until the curing occurs. Self-evidently, the filling battery may be a number of panels, with only two being represented in the figure for the sake of simplicity.

The single separator (51) of Figure 10a has a thickness to offset the unevenness to be found between the profile and the formwork board in the recess area to receive the formwork board. Preferably, between the panels the separator (51) will have twice the thickness of the profile on the external part of said recess in such a way that a single separator is sufficient to place between two panels. On the external faces of the end panels, the separator (53) shall preferentially be endowed with the thickness of the profile (it is no longer double thickness) on the external part of said recess.

The reinforced separator (52) of Figure 10b has, on each of its faces, an unevenness to complement the attendant unevenness to be found between the profile and the formwork board in the recess area to receive the formwork board. Preferably, the unevenness will have the same thickness as the thickness of the profile on the external part of said recess. Preferably, the separator is reinforced in such a way that the filling of the panels can be carried out independently as the individual filling of an individual panel may make those formwork boards break which are not supported to withstand the weight of the filling itself. Self-evidently, if the panels are filled simultaneously or almost simultaneously, this issue is not raised and the single separator may be used (51). In a complementary way to the embodiments above, the permanent formwork boards substantially extend over the whole lateral part of the profile, so that the panels present a uniform lateral face (see fig. 11, upper slotting) in this profile and slotting configuration. As an alternative, this profile and slotting configuration can be adequate to both permanent formwork boards. This profile and slotting configuration is particularly adequate to slabs formed by the panels of the present embodiments.

In a complementary way to the embodiments above, the profile (102a, 102b) can be executed in a material able to be sawed or cut, as for example wood, RPC or magnesium oxide. Figure 12 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the panel (100), with a schematic representation of the main faces with permanent formwork boards (110), of the profile (102a, 102b) of the constant cross section arranged longitudinally on a lateral or end face, and the filling (120) cured on said permanent formwork boards (110). A cross section of the wood profile can be obtained from a single part or from the conjugation of three parts joined among them (as in Fig. 12). This conjugation, preferentially achievable in materials such as wood, or magnesium oxide, is composed, in an embodiment, of a part of a rectangular cross section whose larger dimension configures the profile width, and of two other parts, of substantially equal geometric dimension among them, which are fixed to the former by bonding or mechanical fastening at the opposed ends of the section of the latter (for instance, by screw, nail, staple, among others). The distance existing between these two equal parts establishes the recess dimension. These parts can, additionally, have a longitudinal groove (123) for the waterproofing element slotting, as in the remaining embodiments. The formwork boards can be fixed to the profile by bonding or mechanical fastening (for instance, by screw, nail, staple, among others).

Claims

C L A I M S

1. Panel for wall or slab for dry construction comprising two main faces parallel between them, two end faces and two lateral faces, for leaning against or slotting into other panels,

wherein the main faces are each a permanent formwork board, and the lateral and end faces each have a constant cross section profile arranged longitudinally to each said lateral face forming a rim peripheral to the panel, wherein said profile of the lateral faces comprises a slotting longitudinal recess for receiving one or more longitudinal parts for slotting into a slotting longitudinal recess of a lateral face of another said panel, and

wherein the main, lateral and end faces define an interior region, said interior region comprising a filling obtained by depositing and curing on said permanent formwork boards.

2. Panel according to the previous claim wherein the end faces each have a constant cross section profile arranged longitudinally to each said end face, wherein said profile comprises a slotting longitudinal recess for receiving one or more longitudinal parts for slotting into a complementary slotting longitudinal recess.

3. Panel according to claims 1 or 2 wherein, for each profile face, the longitudinal recess has a width between 1/5 and 1/2 of the profile width, in particular between 1/4 and 1/3 of the profile width.

4. Panel according to the previous claim wherein, for each profile face, the longitudinal recess has a depth between 1/10 and 1/4 of the profile width, in particular between 1/8 and 1/6 of the profile width, more particularly substantially equal to half the width of the longitudinal recess.

5. Panel according to the previous claims wherein the permanent formwork board is of magnesium oxide, plywood, RPC, calcium silicate, fibre cement, steel, or cement board with wood fibres.

6. Panel according to any previous claims wherein said profile is of magnesium oxide, or wood, or RPC, or rubber-plastic composite, or steel, or extruded aluminium whose extrusion direction is longitudinal to the respective lateral or end face.

7. Panel according to the previous claims wherein the filling comprises polyurethane foam, intumescent polyurethane foam, light concrete, light concrete with expanded polystyrene, light concrete with wood fibres, light concrete with rice husk, light concrete with cork particles, light concrete reinforced with fibres, or with hemp straw, or with fibres and hemp straw, phosphogypsum, stabilised phosphogypsum, phosphogypsum stabilised with cement, biofoam, or mixtures thereof.

8. Panel according to any of the claims 1 - 4, and claims 5, 6 and 7, wherein the filling comprises polyurethane foam, said profile is of steel, of magnesium oxide, or of wood, and the permanent formwork board is of magnesium oxide, of plywood or of wood, in particular the filling comprises polyurethane foam, said profile is steel, and the permanent formwork board is of magnesium oxide.

9. Panel according to claims 1 - 6 wherein the filling comprises compacted rock wool, polyethylene foam, expanded polystyrene or expanded polystyrene boards or mixtures thereof.

10. Panel according to the previous claims wherein the longitudinal part for slotting has a rectangular cross section, a square cross section, a tubular section, or a hollow square cross section, in particular wherein the longitudinal part for slotting is of metal, of aluminium, of wood, of galvanized steel, of RPC, or of polymeric material.

11. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein said profile comprises, at the centre of the cross section thereof, said slotting longitudinal recess for receiving a longitudinal part for slotting.

12. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein said profile comprises a reinforcement longitudinal rib.

13. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein said profile comprises a longitudinal rib with an additional recess comprising a rubber or polymeric longitudinal element for insulation and/or waterproofing by compression.

14. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein said profile comprises a fin arranged in a locking direction of said filling, in particular arranged perpendicularly to the main faces of the panel.

15. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein said profile comprises two additional longitudinal recesses, each on the ends of the profile cross section for receiving one of said permanent formwork boards.

16. Panel according to the previous claim wherein said additional longitudinal recesses are tapered for inserting the permanent formwork boards.

17. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein said filling comprises a reinforcement metal mesh, in particular an electro-welded metal mesh.

18. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the panel length is 12- 18m and the panel width is 2-4m, in particular the panel length is 15m and the panel width is 3m.

19. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the thickness of the permanent formwork board is of 4mm to 20mm, more particularly 8 to 20mm, more particularly 4mm or 8mm, or 4.5mm to 6mm, more particularly 4.5mm or 6mm.

20. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the panel depth, i.e. the distance between the main faces - or panel thickness - is of 70mm to 140mm, more particularly 70mm, 90mm, 100mm, 120mm or 140mm.

21. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the filling has a density of 50 to 1600 Kg/m3, in particular 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 or 1600 Kg/m3.

22. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the panel comprises an exterior coating of tinned gypsum, hydraulic plaster or sprayed stucco for use on a wall, or of cork fragments' agglomerate, black cork agglomerate, self- levelling material, ceramic material, or vinyl material for use on slabs or walls, or floating floor for use on slabs.

23. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the panel is a whole wall panel with one storey height for application inside the structure of a building, the length or width thereof being equal to the ceiling height of a storey deducting the height of the beams of the building, in particular the panel length is between 2.20m and 3.40m, more particularly between 2.29m and 2.34m.

24. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the panel is a whole wall panel with one storey height for application outside the structure of a building, the length or width thereof being equal to the height measured from floor to floor, in particular the panel length is between 2.20m and 3.90m, more particularly between 2.40m and 3.00m.

25. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the panel is a whole wall panel with multiple storey height for application outside the structure of a building, the length thereof being equal to a multiple of the height measured from floor to floor, in particular the panel length is between 5.20m and 15m, more particularly between 10m and 12m.

26. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the main faces of the panel are at least twice the area of the lateral faces, in particular three times, more particularly five times, more particularly eight times, more particularly ten times, or more particularly twenty times.

27. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the panel is a slab panel for horizontal application in the structure of the building and having a length, between the end faces, of 2.50m to 3.20m, more particularly from 2.70m to 3.00m, more particularly 2.80m to 2.90m, or of 5m to 15m, more particularly 10m to 12m.

28. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the recess in the profile has a hollow cross section for receiving cables, tubes and/or conduits or for receiving interior insulation filling.

29. Panel according to any of the previous claims wherein the profile has vent- holes.

30. Building wall comprising a plurality of panels referred to in one of the claims 1-29 and the respective longitudinal parts for slotting into said panels.

31. Building slab comprising a plurality of panels referred to in one of the claims 1-29 and the respective longitudinal parts for slotting into said panels.

32. Adaptor part for wall or slab panels referred to in one of the claims 1-29 assembled on beams of a building storey, wherein the adaptor is an extruded part with a "S" shape extrusion cross section comprising:

33. Adaptor part according to the previous claim wherein the extrusion cross section comprises a drip edge section contiguous to the flat flashing section with a descending acute angle projecting from the wall panel of the immediately lower storey of the building.

34. Adaptor part according to claim 32 or 33 wherein the extrusion cross section comprises, connected to the flat flashing section: a lower support section for laying on said beam and for receiving the wall panel of the immediately lower storey of the building, wherein the lower support section comprises a longitudinal protrusion for slotting into the slotting longitudinal recess of the upper end face of the wall panel of the immediately lower storey of the building.

35. Adaptor part according to any of the claims 32-34 wherein the extrusion cross section comprises, connected to the lower support section: a descending flat section as ceiling trim for the wall panel of the immediately lower storey of the building.

36. Adaptor part according to any of the claims 32-35 wherein said sections are joined by curved sections with extrusion cross section 90° angles.

37. Adaptor part according to any of the claims 32-36 of metal or RPC, rubber- plastic composite, or of WPC, wood-plastic composite, or of metal.