WO2011078029A1 - アンテナ素子への配線距離を最短にするアレイアンテナ装置 - Google Patents
アンテナ素子への配線距離を最短にするアレイアンテナ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011078029A1 WO2011078029A1 PCT/JP2010/072543 JP2010072543W WO2011078029A1 WO 2011078029 A1 WO2011078029 A1 WO 2011078029A1 JP 2010072543 W JP2010072543 W JP 2010072543W WO 2011078029 A1 WO2011078029 A1 WO 2011078029A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
- H04B7/0671—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using different delays between antennas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an array antenna apparatus having an array antenna, a feed line, and a radio circuit.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-289139 for which it applied on December 21, 2009, and uses the content here.
- the opening area of a planar antenna is very small, and it is difficult to obtain a large directivity gain with a single element. For this reason, directivity gain is increased by arraying antennas.
- an antenna array structure it is common to perform equal-length wiring from the transmission (reception) amplifier to the antenna elements constituting the array. This is because if the input phase to the antenna element and the input power are not aligned, the beam from the array antenna is not radiated in the direction perpendicular to the antenna surface, but also causes an increase in the level of side lobes.
- equal-length wiring can be a factor that degrades performance as a radio in the high frequency band such as millimeter waves in the following cases. That is, when performing equal length wiring, the length of the line must be aligned with the length of the antenna farthest from the signal source. For power feeding from the signal source to a nearby antenna element, the line is routed to adjust the length, but this routing requires useless space, and wiring becomes more difficult as the number of antenna elements increases.
- An example of a method that eliminates the need for wiring for adjusting the length while realizing equal-length wiring is the technique described in Patent Document 1. In the technique of Patent Document 1, the effective line length is increased by using a substrate having a high dielectric constant for the wiring having a short line length, thereby eliminating the need for routing.
- Patent Documents 2 to 4 are also known as prior art documents related to the array antenna.
- JP 2003-198215 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-107005 JP-A-9-148835 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-76743
- the equal-length wiring structure has a problem of greatly affecting the performance of the wireless device due to the structural complexity and the increase of loss.
- the thing of patent document 1 has a problem which a structure becomes complicated. The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the object thereof is to reduce the power loss to the array antenna as much as possible without using an isometric wiring structure, and to equalize the input phase. It is possible to provide an array antenna device that can be configured and has a simple structure.
- the present invention provides a radio circuit, an array antenna composed of a plurality of antenna elements, a plurality of feed lines connecting the radio circuit and the antenna elements, Each of the delay circuits is inserted into one or more of the feed lines, and each of the delay circuits includes a phase delay caused by the delay circuit and a difference between the corresponding feed line length and a predetermined reference length.
- the array antenna apparatus is characterized in that the delay amount is set so that the total of the phase delay due to is an integer multiple of 360 degrees.
- the present invention is composed of a radio circuit, an array antenna composed of a plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of feed lines respectively connecting between the radio circuit and the antenna elements, For each antenna element, a mixer circuit that performs any one of mixing a local signal and a baseband signal to output a modulated wave signal, and mixing the modulated wave signal and a local signal to output a baseband signal;
- An array antenna apparatus comprising: a delay circuit that delays a phase of the baseband signal.
- the present invention is composed of a radio circuit, an array antenna composed of a plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of feed lines respectively connecting between the radio circuit and the antenna elements, For each antenna element, a mixer circuit that performs any one of mixing a local signal and a baseband signal to output a modulated wave signal, and mixing the modulated wave signal and a local signal to output a baseband signal; An array antenna apparatus comprising a delay circuit for delaying a phase of the local signal is provided.
- the present invention also provides a radio circuit, an array antenna composed of a plurality of antenna elements, a plurality of feed lines connecting the radio circuit and the antenna elements, and one or more of the feed lines.
- Each of the phase shifter and the delay circuit, each of which is inserted into the phase connection circuit, each of the series connection circuit includes a phase delay caused by the series connection circuit, a corresponding length of the feeder line, and a predetermined reference length.
- the array antenna apparatus is characterized in that the delay amount is set so that the total of the phase delays due to the difference between them is an integral multiple of 360 degrees.
- the present invention is composed of a radio circuit, an array antenna composed of a plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of feed lines respectively connecting between the radio circuit and the antenna elements, For each antenna element, a mixer circuit that performs any one of mixing a local signal and a baseband signal to output a modulated wave signal, and mixing the modulated wave signal and a local signal to output a baseband signal;
- an array antenna device comprising a phase shifter and a series connection circuit of delay circuits for delaying the phase of the baseband signal.
- the present invention is composed of a radio circuit, an array antenna composed of a plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of feed lines respectively connecting between the radio circuit and the antenna elements, For each antenna element, a mixer circuit that performs any one of mixing a local signal and a baseband signal to output a modulated wave signal, and mixing the modulated wave signal and a local signal to output a baseband signal;
- An array antenna apparatus comprising a phase shifter and a series connection circuit of delay circuits for delaying the phase of the local signal is provided.
- a delay circuit is inserted in a feed line connecting between the radio circuit and each antenna element, and the phase delay due to the delay circuit and the phase due to the difference between the length of the feed line and the reference length
- the total amount of the phase delay due to the difference between the phase delay by the delay circuit and the length of the feed line and the reference length is set to an integral multiple of 360 degrees, so that each antenna This is because the input phase can be made uniform.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the effect of the embodiment, and is a figure which shows the structural example of the conventional array antenna apparatus. It is a figure for demonstrating the effect of the array antenna apparatus by the same embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the array antenna apparatus by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the array antenna apparatus by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the array antenna apparatus by the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the array antenna apparatus by the 5th Embodiment of this invention.
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the array antenna apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the array antenna apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the array antenna apparatus 100 includes a radio circuit 101, an array antenna 111, feed lines 105, 106, and 107, and delay circuits 102, 103, and 104.
- the array antenna 111 includes a plurality of antenna elements 108, 109, and 110.
- the high frequency signal output from the wireless circuit 101 is supplied to the antenna elements 108, 109, and 110 through the feed lines 105, 106, and 107, respectively.
- Delay circuits 102, 103, and 104 are inserted in the paths of the feed lines 105, 106, and 107, respectively, and the input phase to the antenna elements 108, 109, and 110 is adjusted.
- the lengths of the feeder lines 105, 106, and 107 are arbitrary. Phase delay amount by each of the delay circuits 102, 103, 104 phase delay due to the phase delay and, in the wiring length of the reference length L 0 and the corresponding feed line (105, 106 or 107) differs according to the delay circuit To be an integral multiple of 360 degrees.
- L 0 may be an arbitrary length, but is, for example, the length of the shortest feed line.
- the delay circuits 102, 103, and 104 can be realized by, for example, a phase shifter, a capacitor, an inductor, a stub line, and the like.
- the wiring distance from the wireless circuit 101 to each antenna element 108, 109, 110 can be made the shortest, and the input phase to the antenna elements 108, 109, 110 can be made equal while saving space and minimizing power supply loss.
- this structure has been described by taking a transmitter as an example, it can also be applied to a receiver.
- FIG. 2 shows a conventional example of a 36-element array antenna 200 having 6 elements in the vertical direction and 6 elements in the horizontal direction in which equal-length wiring is performed.
- the antenna elements are arranged at regular intervals of 4 mm.
- the high frequency signal is input from the radio circuit 201 outside the array antenna substrate 202, and the signal is branched at a branch point 207 in the center of the antenna. Ideally, the size of the branch point 207 is negligibly small compared to the antenna, and is ignored.
- the branched high-frequency signal is input to the antenna elements 203 and 204 via, for example, feed lines 205 and 206, respectively.
- the wiring length is aligned to the longest distance to the antenna element.
- the feed line 206 to the antenna element 204 is the longest, and at least 20 mm is required.
- the feed line 205 to the antenna element 203 closest to the branch point 207 requires redundant routing in order to make the line length 20 mm. For redundant routing, the closer to the branch point, the more wiring space is required, which causes the wiring complexity.
- the loss of the transmission line (triplate line) is approximately 0.1 dB / mm.
- the total loss due to the feed line in the structure of FIG. 2 is 2 dB.
- FIG. 3 shows a 36-element array antenna 300 of 6 elements in the vertical direction and 6 elements in the horizontal direction to which the first embodiment is applied.
- the arrangement and dimensions of the elements are the same as in FIG.
- a delay circuit 307 (represented collectively as one for convenience of illustration) inserted in each feed line is arranged.
- the signal is branched at the center of the array antenna substrate 202, and the delay circuit 307 sets the phase delay according to the length of the feed line.
- the lines 206 and 305 from the radio circuit 201 to the antenna elements 203 and 204 can be wired at the shortest distance.
- the total loss due to the feeder line was estimated to be 1 dB.
- the loss can be reduced by 1 dB (2 dB in transmission / reception) compared to the equal length wiring.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- delay circuits 402, 403, 404 are mounted in the radio circuit 101 in the array antenna apparatus 100 of FIG. 1, and the delay circuits 102, 103, 104 are omitted.
- delay circuits 402, 403, and 404 are inserted in the feed lines 105, 106, and 107 in the wireless circuit 101.
- the area occupied by the delay circuit in the feed line region can be omitted, so that a route for bypassing the delay circuit is unnecessary, and the wiring complexity is reduced. Can do.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- mixer circuits 519, 520, and 521 are connected to feed lines 105, 106, and 107 connected to a plurality of antenna elements 108, 109, and 110 that constitute the array antenna 111.
- Local signal lines 513, 514, and 515 and baseband signal lines 516, 517, and 518 are connected to the mixer circuits 519, 520, and 521, respectively.
- Delay circuits 402, 403, and 404 are inserted in the baseband signal lines 516, 517, and 518.
- Mixer circuits 519, 520, 521 and delay circuits 402, 403, 404 are arranged in the wireless circuit 101.
- the array antenna device 500 has a structure in which a delay circuit is inserted in a baseband signal line, compared to the array antenna device 400 of FIG.
- the phase of the baseband signal is adjusted by the delay circuits 402, 403, and 404, and the phase of the modulated wave signal input to the antenna elements 108, 109, and 110 is adjusted.
- each mixer circuit has a function of mixing a modulated wave signal and a local signal and outputting a baseband signal.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 600 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the delay circuits 402, 403, 404 are not the baseband signal lines 516, 517, 518, but the local signal lines 513, 514. 515.
- the phase of the local signal is adjusted by the delay circuits 402, 403, and 404, and the phase of the modulated wave signal input to the antenna elements 108, 109, and 110 is adjusted.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 700 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the array antenna apparatus 700 shown in this figure includes a radio circuit 701, an array antenna 711, feed lines 705, 706, and 707, and step phase shifters 702, 703, and 704.
- the array antenna 711 includes a plurality of antenna elements 708, 709, and 710. Three high-frequency signals output from the wireless circuit 701 are supplied to the antenna elements 708, 709, and 710 through the feed lines 705, 706, and 707, respectively.
- Step phase shifters 702, 703, and 704 are inserted in the paths of the feed lines 705, 706, and 707, and the input phase to the antenna elements 708, 709, and 710 is adjusted.
- Step phase shifters 702, 703, and 704 are phase shifters having a phase shift step of 1 / integer of 360 °.
- L 0 is but may be any length, for example, the length of the shortest feed line.
- Step phase shifters 702, 703, and 704 can be realized by variable capacitors, variable inductors, and the like. Although this configuration has been described by taking a transmitter as an example, it can also be applied to a receiver.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 800 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the array antenna device 800 shown in this figure has a structure in which step phase shifters 802, 803, and 804 corresponding to the step phase shifters 702, 703, and 704 are integrated in the radio circuit 701 in the array antenna device 700 of FIG. It is.
- Step phase shifters 802, 803, and 804 are inserted in the feeder lines 705, 706, and 707.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 900 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- mixer circuits 919, 920, and 921 are connected to feed lines 705, 706, and 707 connected to the antenna elements 708, 709, and 710 constituting the array antenna 711, respectively.
- Local signal lines 913, 914, and 915 and baseband signal lines 916, 917, and 918 are connected to the mixer circuits 919, 920, and 921, respectively.
- Step phase shifters 802, 803, and 804 are inserted in the baseband signal lines 916, 917, and 918, respectively.
- Mixer circuits 919, 920, and 921 and step phase shifters 802, 803, and 804 are arranged in the wireless circuit 701.
- the array antenna apparatus 900 has a structure in which step phase shifters 802, 803, and 804 are inserted into baseband signal lines 916, 917, and 918, compared to the array antenna apparatus 800 of FIG. Step phase shifters 802, 803, and 804 adjust the phase of the baseband signal, and adjust the phase of the modulated wave signal input to antenna elements 708, 709, and 710. With the above configuration, it is possible to reduce the complexity of wiring due to insertion of a delay circuit in the feed line and to obtain the same effect as that of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 1000 according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- the array antenna apparatus 1000 shown in this figure has a structure in which step phase shifters 802, 803, and 804 are inserted into local signal lines 913, 914, and 915 in the wireless circuit 701 in the wireless apparatus 900 of FIG.
- the phase of the local signal is adjusted by the step phase shifters 802, 803, and 804, and the phase of the modulated wave signal input to the antenna elements 708, 709, and 710 is adjusted.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 1100 according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- the array antenna apparatus 1100 shown in this figure has a structure in which phase shifters 1101, 1102, and 1103 are inserted in series in the delay circuits 101, 102, and 103 in the radio apparatus 100 of FIG.
- the phase shifters 1101, 1102, and 1103 are inserted immediately before the delay circuits 102, 103, and 104, but they may be inserted immediately after.
- the series connection circuit of the phase shifter and the delay circuit has a delay amount so that the sum of the phase delay due to the series connection circuit and the difference between the length of the feed line and the reference length is an integral multiple of 360 degrees. Is set. With the above configuration, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and beam steering can be realized.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 1200 according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the array antenna apparatus 1200 shown in this figure has a structure in which phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are inserted into the feed lines 105, 106, and 107 in the wireless apparatus 400 of FIG. 4. That is, the phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are connected in series with the delay circuits 402, 403, and 404, respectively, and are arranged in the wireless circuit 101. Although the phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are inserted immediately before the delay circuits 402, 403, and 404, they may be immediately after. With the above configuration, the same effects as those of the second embodiment can be obtained, and beam steering can be realized.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 1300 according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the array antenna apparatus 1300 shown in this figure has a structure in which phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are inserted into the baseband signal lines 516, 517, and 518 in the radio apparatus 500 of FIG. That is, the phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are connected in series with the delay circuits 402, 403, and 404, respectively, and are arranged in the wireless circuit 101.
- the phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are inserted immediately before the delay circuits 402, 403, and 404, but may be immediately after.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an array antenna apparatus 1400 according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- the array antenna apparatus 1400 shown in this figure has a structure in which phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are inserted in the local signal lines 513, 514, and 515 in the array antenna apparatus 600 of FIG. That is, the phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are connected in series with the delay circuits 402, 403, and 404, respectively, and are arranged in the wireless circuit 101.
- the phase shifters 1201, 1202, and 1203 are inserted immediately after the delay circuits 402, 403, and 404, but they may be inserted immediately before.
- FIGS. 1 and 4 to 14 are shown with the minimum configuration for explaining the function. However, in an actual array antenna apparatus, components such as an amplifier and a filter are required as necessary. include. Each configuration of the present embodiment can be realized even when the baseband signal is an IF (Intermediate Frequency) signal.
- IF Intermediate Frequency
- a delay circuit is inserted in a power feed line connecting between a radio circuit and each antenna element, and the phase delay by the delay circuit and the power feed
- the delay amount is set so that the total phase delay due to the difference between the length of the line and the reference length is an integral multiple of 360 degrees, the redundancy of the feed line is reduced, and the area of the radio apparatus is reduced and reduced.
- the delay amount is set so that the total phase delay due to the difference between the length of the line and the reference length is an integral multiple of 360 degrees, the redundancy of the feed line is reduced, and the area of the radio apparatus is reduced and reduced.
- the length of the feed line connecting each antenna from the radio circuit can be arbitrarily set.
- the total amount of the phase delay due to the difference between the phase delay by the delay circuit and the length of the feed line and the reference length is set to an integral multiple of 360 degrees, so that each antenna This is because the input phase can be made uniform.
- either a local signal and a baseband signal are mixed for each antenna element to output a modulated wave signal to the wireless circuit, and a baseband signal is output by mixing the modulated wave signal and the local signal.
- a mixer circuit that performs the above and a delay circuit that delays the phase of the baseband signal or the local signal are provided, the redundancy of the feed line is reduced without adding a circuit other than the circuit components necessary for beam steering.
- the area saving and the loss reduction of the wireless device can be realized, and at the same time, the input phase to the antenna can be made uniform.
- phase difference due to the difference between the line length of each feed line and the reference length is an integer of the phase shift step of the phase shifter. This is because if the length is equivalent to double, the input phase to each antenna can be made in phase by phase shift adjustment by the phase shifter.
- the input phase to the antenna can be made uniform, and beam steering can be realized.
- either a local signal and a baseband signal are mixed for each antenna element to output a modulated wave signal to the wireless circuit, and a baseband signal is output by mixing the modulated wave signal and the local signal.
- the mixer circuit for performing the operation and the phase shifter and the series connection circuit of the delay circuit for delaying the phase of the baseband signal or the local signal are provided, the redundancy of the feeder line is reduced and the area of the wireless device is reduced. As a result, the input phase to the antenna can be made uniform and beam steering can be realized.
- the delay circuit may be composed of a variable capacitor.
- the delay circuit may be composed of a variable inductor.
- the delay circuit may be constituted by a stub line.
- an array antenna apparatus that can reduce the feeding loss to the array antenna as much as possible without using an equal-length wiring structure, can equalize the input phase, and has a simple structure.
- Array antenna device 101 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400 ...
- Array antenna device 101 201, 701 ... Wireless circuit 102-104, 307, 402-404 ...
- Delay circuit 105 107, 206, 305, 705 to 707 ...
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年12月21日に出願された特願2009-289139号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
高周波帯における送信(受信)増幅器は、電力増幅利得が小さい上に低消費電力が要求されることもあり、高出力(低雑音性能)を得ることが難しい。従って、出力の不足分はアンテナの指向性利得により補う。
無線機の屋内使用には通信モジュールの小型化が必要であるため、ホーンアンテナなどの立体アンテナではなくパッチアンテナなどの平面アンテナを使用する。一般的に平面アンテナの開口面積は微小であり、単素子では大きな指向性利得を得ることが難しい。このため、アンテナのアレイ化により指向性利得を増大させる。
アンテナのアレイ化構造において送信(受信)増幅器からアレイを構成するアンテナ素子への入力は、等長配線を行うのが一般的である。アンテナ素子への入力位相と入力電力が揃わなければ、アレイアンテナからのビームがアンテナ面に対して垂直方向に放射されないだけでなく、サイドローブのレベル増大の原因となるためである。
等長配線を実現しながら長さ調整用の配線引き回しを不要とする方法として、例えば、特許文献1に記載される技術が挙げられる。特許文献1の技術では、線路長が短い配線に高誘電率の基板を用いることで実効線路長を長くして引き回しを不要としている。なお、アレイアンテナに関する先行技術文献として特許文献2~4も知られている。
以上から、等長配線構造は構造上の複雑さと損失の増大のために無線装置の性能に大きな影響を及ぼす問題がある。また、特許文献1のものには、構造が複雑になる問題がある。
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、等長配線構造を用いることなく、アレイアンテナへの給電損失をできる限り低減し、しかも、入力位相を等しくすることができ、構造も簡易なアレイアンテナ装置を提供することにある。
その理由は、無線回路から各アンテナを接続する給電線路の長さを任意とすることで、理想的にはそれぞれ最短距離での配線が可能となり、線路構造の冗長性が低減されて無線装置の省面積化と損失の低減が得られる上に、遅延回路による位相遅延と給電線路の長さと基準の長さとの相違分による位相遅延量の合計を360度の整数倍とすることで、各アンテナへの入力位相を揃えることができるためである。
図1は本発明の第1の実施形態によるアレイアンテナ装置の構成を示すブロック図である。この図において、アレイアンテナ装置100は、無線回路101、アレイアンテナ111、給電線路105、106、107、および、遅延回路102、103、104により構成される。アレイアンテナ111は複数のアンテナ素子108、109、110からなる。
給電線路105、106、107の長さはそれぞれ任意である。
遅延回路102、103、104のそれぞれによる位相遅延量は、同遅延回路による位相遅延と、基準の長さL0と対応する給電線路(105、106、または107)の配線長の相違による位相遅延の合計が360度の整数倍となるようにする。すなわち、各給電線路の線路長がLnであるとき、対応する遅延回路の位相遅延量αnは、
αn=360(N-(L0―Ln)/λ)度
に設定する(Nは整数、λは給電線路における信号の波長)。
L0は任意の長さで構わないが、例えば最も短い給電線路の長さとする。
遅延回路102、103、104は、例えば移相器、キャパシタ、インダクタ、スタブ線路などにて実現可能である。
高周波信号はアレイアンテナ基板202の外部の無線回路201より入力され、アンテナ中央部の分岐点207にて信号が分岐される。理想的に分岐点207の大きさはアンテナに比べて十分小さく無視する。
図2の構造において、アンテナ素子204への給電線路206が最も長く、少なくとも20mmが必要である。分岐点207より最も近いアンテナ素子203への給電線路205は線路長を20mmとするために冗長な引き回しが必要となる。冗長な引き回しのために分岐点に近い程配線スペースが必要となり、配線の複雑さの要因となっている。
ミリ波帯のアンテナに広く用いられる低温焼成セラミックを使用する場合、電送線路(トリプレート線路)の損失はおおよそ0.1dB/mmである。図2の構造における給電線路による全体の損失は2dBとなる。
アレイアンテナ基板202の中央にそれぞれの給電線路に挿入される遅延回路307(図示の便宜上、まとめて1つで表示)を配置している。アレイアンテナ基板202の中央にて信号は分岐され、遅延回路307により給電線路の長さに応じて位相遅延が設定される。これにより、無線回路201からアンテナ素子203、204までの線路206、305はそれぞれ最短距離での配線が可能である。
最短距離で配線した場合、給電線路による全体の損失は1dBと見積もられた。等長配線に比べ損失を1dB(送受信では2dB)損失が低減できる。
このような構成により、第1の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる上に、給電線路に遅延回路を挿入することによる配線の複雑さを低減することができる。
すなわち、遅延回路を無線回路内に具備することで、給電線路領域に遅延回路が占有する面積を省略できるので、遅延回路を迂回するための経路が不必要となり、配線の複雑さを低減することができる。
各ミキサー回路519、520、521には、それぞれローカル信号線路513、514、515とベースバンド信号線路516、517、518が接続されている。ベースバンド信号線路516、517、518には、遅延回路402、403、404が挿入されている。
そして、ミキサー回路519、520、521および遅延回路402、403、404が無線回路101内に配置されている。
以上の構成により、給電線路に遅延回路を挿入する事による配線の複雑さを低減できる上に第1の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる。
なお、本構成を受信機に適用する場合、各ミキサー回路は、変調波信号とローカル信号をミキシングしてベースバンド信号を出力する機能を有するものになる。
遅延回路402、403、404によりローカル信号の位相が調整され、アンテナ素子108、109、110に入力される変調波信号の位相が調整される。
以上の構成により、給電線路に遅延回路を挿入することによる配線の複雑さを低減できる上に、第1の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる。
アレイアンテナ711は複数のアンテナ素子708、709、710からなる。
無線回路701から出力された3つの高周波信号が、給電線路705、706、707により、アンテナ素子708、709、710へそれぞれ供給される。
給電線路705、706、707の経路にはステップ移相器702、703、704が挿入されており、アンテナ素子708、709、710への入力位相が調節される。
360(Ln-L0)/λ=Nθ
となるようにLnを設定する(Nは整数、λは給電線路における信号の波長)。
L0は任意の長さで構わないが、例えば最も短い給電線路の長さとする。
ステップ移相器702、703、704は、可変キャパシタ、可変インダクタなどにて実現可能である。本構成は、送信機を例にとり説明したが、受信機においても適用可能である。
以上の構成により、給電線路に遅延回路を挿入する事による配線の複雑さを低減できる上に第5の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる。
各ミキサー回路919、920、921には、それぞれローカル信号線路913、914、915とベースバンド信号線路916、917、918が接続されている。ベースバンド信号線路916、917、918には、ステップ移相器802、803、804が挿入されている。
そして、ミキサー回路919、920、921およびステップ移相器802、803、804が無線回路701内に配置されている。
以上の構成により、給電線路に遅延回路を挿入する事による配線の複雑さを低減できる上に第5の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる。
以上の構成により、給電線路に遅延回路を挿入する事による配線の複雑さを低減できる上に第5の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる。
本例では、移相器1101、1102、1103は遅延回路102、103、104の直前に挿入されているが、直後でも構わない。
移相器および遅延回路の直列接続回路は、同直列接続回路による位相遅延と給電線路の長さと基準の長さとの相違分による位相遅延の合計が360度の整数倍となるように遅延量が設定されている。
以上の構成により、第1の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる上にビームステアリングを実現できる。
なお、移相器1201、1202、1203は遅延回路402、403、404の直前に挿入されているが、直後でも構わない。
以上の構成により、第2の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる上にビームステアリングを実現できる。
なお、本例では、移相器1201、1202、1203は遅延回路402、403、404の直前に挿入されているが、直後でも構わない。
以上の構成により、第3の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる上にビームステアリングを実現できる。
なお、本例では、移相器1201、1202、1203は遅延回路402、403、404の直後に挿入されているが、直前でも構わない。
以上の構成により、第4の実施形態と同等の効果を得ることができる上にビームステアリングを実現できる。
また、本実施形態の各構成は、ベースバンド信号がIF(Intermediate Frequency)信号である場合でも実現可能である。
以上、この発明の実施形態について図面を参照して詳述してきたが、具体的な構成はこの実施形態に限られるものではなく、この発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計等も含まれる。
その理由は、無線回路から各アンテナを接続する給電線路の長さを任意とすることで、理想的にはそれぞれ最短距離での配線が可能となり、線路構造の冗長性が低減されて無線装置の省面積化と損失の低減が得られる上に、遅延回路による位相遅延と給電線路の長さと基準の長さとの相違分による位相遅延量の合計を360度の整数倍とすることで、各アンテナへの入力位相を揃えることができるためである。
その理由は、360度の整数分の1の移相ステップを有する移相器に対して、各給電線路の線路長と基準の長さとの相違による位相差が移相器の移相ステップの整数倍に相当する長さとすれば、各アンテナへの入力位相を前記移相器による移相調整により同相とすることができるためである。
また、無線回路に、各アンテナ素子に対して、ローカル信号とベースバンド信号をミキシングして変調波信号を出力、および、変調波信号とローカル信号をミキシングしてベースバンド信号を出力、のいずれかを行なうミキサー回路と、前記ベースバンド信号またはローカル信号の位相を遅延させる、移相器および遅延回路の直列接続回路とを設けた場合、給電線路の冗長性が低減されて無線装置の省面積化と低損失化が実現されると同時に、アンテナへの入力位相を揃える事ができ、さらに、ビームステアリングを実現できる効果がある。
101、201、701…無線回路
102~104、307、402~404…遅延回路
105~107、206、305、705~707…給電線路
108~110、203、204、708~710、108~110…アンテナ素子
111、300、711…アレイアンテナ 519~521、919~921…ミキサー回路
513~515、913~915…ローカル信号線路
516~518、916~918…ベースバンド信号線路
702~704、802~804、1101~1103、1201~1203…ステップ移相器
Claims (9)
- 無線回路と、複数のアンテナ素子から構成されるアレイアンテナと、前記無線回路および前記アンテナ素子との間をそれぞれ接続する複数の給電線路と、前記給電線路の一つまたは複数にそれぞれ挿入された遅延回路とから構成され、
前記各遅延回路は、同遅延回路による位相遅延と、対応する前記給電線路の長さと所定の基準の長さとの相違分による位相遅延の合計が360度の整数倍となるように遅延量が設定されていることを特徴とするアレイアンテナ装置。 - 前記遅延回路が前記無線回路内に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のアレイアンテナ装置。
- 無線回路と、複数のアンテナ素子から構成されるアレイアンテナと、前記無線回路および前記アンテナ素子との間をそれぞれ接続する複数の給電線路とから構成され、
前記無線回路は、各アンテナ素子に対して、ローカル信号とベースバンド信号をミキシングして変調波信号を出力、および、変調波信号とローカル信号をミキシングしてベースバンド信号を出力、のいずれかを行なうミキサー回路と、前記ベースバンド信号の位相を遅延させる遅延回路とを具備することを特徴とするアレイアンテナ装置。 - 無線回路と、複数のアンテナ素子から構成されるアレイアンテナと、前記無線回路および前記アンテナ素子との間をそれぞれ接続する複数の給電線路とから構成され、
前記無線回路は、各アンテナ素子に対して、ローカル信号とベースバンド信号をミキシングして変調波信号を出力、および、変調波信号とローカル信号をミキシングしてベースバンド信号を出力、のいずれかを行なうミキサー回路と、前記ローカル信号の位相を遅延させる遅延回路とを具備することを特徴とするアレイアンテナ装置。 - 前記各遅延回路が移相器によって構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項4のいずれかの項に記載のアレイアンテナ装置。
- 前記各移相器は、同移相器の移相ステップが360度の整数分の1であって、前記給電線路の線路長と所定の基準の長さとの相違による位相差が前記移相器の移相ステップの整数倍に相当する長さであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のアレイアンテナ装置。
- 無線回路と、複数のアンテナ素子から構成されるアレイアンテナと、前記無線回路および前記アンテナ素子との間をそれぞれ接続する複数の給電線路と、前記給電線路の一つまたは複数にそれぞれ挿入された、移相器および遅延回路の直列接続回路とから構成され、
前記各直列接続回路は、同直列接続回路による位相遅延と、対応する前記給電線路の長さと所定の基準の長さとの相違分による位相遅延の合計が360度の整数倍となるように遅延量が設定されていることを特徴とするアレイアンテナ装置。 - 無線回路と、複数のアンテナ素子から構成されるアレイアンテナと、前記無線回路および前記アンテナ素子との間をそれぞれ接続する複数の給電線路とから構成され、
前記無線回路は、各アンテナ素子に対して、ローカル信号とベースバンド信号をミキシングして変調波信号を出力、および、変調波信号とローカル信号をミキシングしてベースバンド信号を出力、のいずれかを行なうミキサー回路と、前記ベースバンド信号の位相を遅延させる、移相器および遅延回路の直列接続回路とを具備することを特徴とするアレイアンテナ装置。 - 無線回路と、複数のアンテナ素子から構成されるアレイアンテナと、前記無線回路および前記アンテナ素子との間を接続する給電線路とから構成され、
前記無線回路は、各アンテナ素子に対して、ローカル信号とベースバンド信号をミキシングして変調波信号を出力、および、変調波信号とローカル信号をミキシングしてベースバンド信号を出力、のいずれかを行なうミキサー回路と、前記ローカル信号の位相を遅延させる、移相器および遅延回路の直列接続回路とを具備することを特徴とするアレイアンテナ装置。
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