WO2011070233A1 - Nonwoven substrate for joint tape and joint tape that is dimensionally stable and foldable without losing mechanical strength containing said substrate - Google Patents

Nonwoven substrate for joint tape and joint tape that is dimensionally stable and foldable without losing mechanical strength containing said substrate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011070233A1
WO2011070233A1 PCT/FI2010/050977 FI2010050977W WO2011070233A1 WO 2011070233 A1 WO2011070233 A1 WO 2011070233A1 FI 2010050977 W FI2010050977 W FI 2010050977W WO 2011070233 A1 WO2011070233 A1 WO 2011070233A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibres
substrate
joint tape
softwood
hardwood pulp
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2010/050977
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Audrey Vincent-Beguin
Didier Bigot
Noël CARTIER
Patrice Blanc
Bertrand Rupin
Jean-Michel Santarella
Original Assignee
Ahlstrom Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ahlstrom Corporation filed Critical Ahlstrom Corporation
Priority to ES10800968T priority Critical patent/ES2531310T3/es
Priority to EP10800968.9A priority patent/EP2510065B1/en
Priority to US13/514,130 priority patent/US8962128B2/en
Priority to CN201080055781.4A priority patent/CN102713038B/zh
Priority to AU2010329744A priority patent/AU2010329744A1/en
Publication of WO2011070233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011070233A1/en

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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    • C09J7/20Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
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    • D04H1/4266Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
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    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/697Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a nonwoven substrate for joint tape. It also concerns joint tape containing said substrate, said joint tape being dimensionally stable and foldable without losing mechanical strength.
  • joint tape is designed to be applied between two panels, notably 10 drywall, to ensure continuity.
  • drywall panels can be used on walls and on ceilings, outside or inside. They can be applied in damp rooms such as bathrooms or in dry rooms.
  • joint tape made of kraft paper strips.
  • the user applies a first layer of joint compound to the joint between the two panels, upon which the joint tape is then positioned. While drying, the joint tape absorbs moisture from the joint compound, causing it to shrink crosswise, lengthwise and in thickness, thus forming 20 cracks.
  • a second layer of joint compound therefore has to be applied, and often a third layer, in order to eliminate all risk of cracking.
  • Such joint tapes include, for example, those described in the document WO2008/073206A1.
  • the nonwoven substrates thus obtained have dimensional stability that is considered satisfactory for the planned application. Using them in corners is delicate, however, given that the glass fibres contained in the substrate break when folding the tape and
  • Joint tape substrates made of nonwoven glass fibres or glass netting are also well known.
  • the first have low breaking strength.
  • the second on the other hand, have high breaking strength but have the disadvantage of a risk of crack formation on the coating 35 applied.
  • the problem that the invention proposes to solve is the development of a joint tape that is dimensionally stable crosswise, lengthwise and in thickness and whose mechanical strength before and after folding is optimal.
  • the Applicant has developed a substrate for joint tape containing vegetable fibres from softwood or hardwood pulp, possibly in the presence of synthetic fibres and/or possibly glass fibres.
  • the nonwoven substrate also contains flax fibres obtained by retting.
  • Flax fibres obtained by retting can be clearly distinguished from flax fibres from flax pulp.
  • the first can be called “textile fibres” or “unpulped fibres”, while the second can be called “paper fibres” or “pulp fibres”.
  • the retting technique is a technique used to retrieve fibres directly from the whole plant before transforming it into a pulp. These fibres are characterised by a larger diameter and size than fibres obtained from pulp during the papermaking process.
  • the flax fibres according to the invention may be combed or uncombed.
  • Vegetable fibres from softwood or hardwood pulp may be raw fibres or bleached fibres from chemical or mechanical paper pulp.
  • the synthetic fibres may be chosen from the group including polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic and nylon fibres.
  • the substrate of the invention can be in the form of a single-layer substrate, a two-layer substrate or more largely a multi-layer substrate. If a two-layer substrate is used, it may be made with all the techniques known to the person skilled in the art, notably by running the preformed upper and lower sheets through a size press.
  • the flax fibres account for at least 30% by weight of the total fibres, and advantageously between 40 and 50%>.
  • vegetable fibres from softwood or hardwood pulp in practice account for at least 30%, and advantageously 40%>, by weight of the fibre mixture.
  • synthetic fibres where used, advantageously account for at least 10%> by weight of the fibre mixture.
  • the mass of the single-layer substrate is between 50 and 120 g/m 2 , and advantageously between 70 and 100 g/m 2 . If a two-layer substrate is used, the aforementioned proportions concerning the fibres are the same, but in relation to the weight of the fibres comprising the lower layer only. In this case, the fibres comprising the upper layer are advantageously only vegetable fibres from softwood or hardwood pulp.
  • the mass of the upper layer is advantageously between 5 and 30 g/m 2 , preferably between 10 and 20 g/m 2 .
  • the mass of the lower layer is preferably equal to the value of the mass of the aforementioned single-layer substrate.
  • the single-layer substrate has the following fibre composition (by fibre weight):
  • the two-layer substrate has the following fibre composition (by fibre weight):
  • the two-layer substrate has the following fibre composition (by fibre weight):
  • the fibres are, of course, bound together by a binding agent chosen from among the natural or synthetic binders known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the binding agent is chosen from the group including vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl chloride, acrylic acid, ethyl vinyl acetate, ethyl vinyl chloride, starch and starch derivatives.
  • the binder is added to the substrate at 15 to 40 g/m 2 , and advantageously at 20 to 30 g/m 2 .
  • the invention also concerns joint tape containing the nonwoven substrate as described above with an adhesive layer on one side.
  • Substrates for joint tape are prepared according to the invention in single-layer and two- layer forms (trials 1 - 4).
  • the mechanical strength of the substrate is measured before and after folding according to the following test:
  • the sample is first placed between the 100 mm x 20 mm jaws of an embossing machine; a metal jaw with a raised flute, and a flat jaw with Teflon coating.
  • the sample is placed under 7 bars of pressure for 7 seconds.
  • the flute is situated longitudinally on the sample.
  • the sample is then folded manually so that the 2 sides are folded together on the side opposing the embossed side.
  • the fold is then flattened by rolling a 1-kg roller on the sample. To flatten the two sides against each other perfectly, another 10-kg roller is rolled over the fold twice.
  • a dynamometer with a 20-mm space between the jaws is used.
  • the sample is 15 mm wide and at least 40 mm long.
  • the fold is placed perpendicular to the direction of pull.
  • a 25 mm/min pull is applied with a 500-N sensor, and the device records tensile strength, a measurement given in kN/m. The test is repeated 10 times to calculate an average value as well as a standard deviation.
  • Polyester fibres Dacron 1.7 or 6.7 dtex, 12 mm, by AD V ANSA

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
PCT/FI2010/050977 2009-12-07 2010-11-29 Nonwoven substrate for joint tape and joint tape that is dimensionally stable and foldable without losing mechanical strength containing said substrate WO2011070233A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES10800968T ES2531310T3 (es) 2009-12-07 2010-11-29 Sustrato no tejido para cinta de unión y cinta de unión que es dimensionalmente estable y plegable sin perder fuerza mecánica, que contiene dicho sustrato
EP10800968.9A EP2510065B1 (en) 2009-12-07 2010-11-29 Nonwoven substrate for joint tape and joint tape that is dimensionally stable and foldable without losing mechanical strength containinh said substrate
US13/514,130 US8962128B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2010-11-29 Nonwoven substrate for joint tape and joint tape that is dimensionally stable and foldable without losing mechanical strength containing said substrate
CN201080055781.4A CN102713038B (zh) 2009-12-07 2010-11-29 用于合缝带的非织造基材以及包含所述基材的尺寸稳定的并且可折叠的而且不损害其机械强度的合缝带
AU2010329744A AU2010329744A1 (en) 2009-12-07 2010-11-29 Nonwoven substrate for joint tape and joint tape that is dimensionally stable and foldable without losing mechanical strength containing said substrate

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0958681A FR2953531B1 (fr) 2009-12-07 2009-12-07 Support non tisse pour bande a joint et bande a joint stable dimensionnellement et pliable sans perte de resistance mecanique comprenant ledit support
FR0958681 2009-12-07
US28514209P 2009-12-09 2009-12-09
US61/285,142 2009-12-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011070233A1 true WO2011070233A1 (en) 2011-06-16

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PCT/FI2010/050977 WO2011070233A1 (en) 2009-12-07 2010-11-29 Nonwoven substrate for joint tape and joint tape that is dimensionally stable and foldable without losing mechanical strength containing said substrate

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8962128B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP2510065B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR20120101696A (ko)
CN (1) CN102713038B (ko)
AU (1) AU2010329744A1 (ko)
ES (1) ES2531310T3 (ko)
FR (1) FR2953531B1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2011070233A1 (ko)

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US8148278B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-04-03 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8178199B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-05-15 Eastman Chemical Company Nonwovens produced from multicomponent fibers
US8216953B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-07-10 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8512519B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Sulfopolyesters for paper strength and process
US8840757B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-23 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US9273417B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2016-03-01 Eastman Chemical Company Wet-Laid process to produce a bound nonwoven article
US9303357B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2016-04-05 Eastman Chemical Company Paper and nonwoven articles comprising synthetic microfiber binders
CN106087596A (zh) * 2011-07-20 2016-11-09 国际纸业公司 用于壁板接缝带的基材及其制造方法
US9598802B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-21 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for producing a sulfopolyester concentrate
US9605126B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-28 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for the recovery of concentrated sulfopolyester dispersion
DE102023125620A1 (de) 2022-09-22 2024-03-28 Matthias Schäfer Fugendeckstreifen zur Verarbeitung in einer Baustoffoberfläche

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US10927556B2 (en) 2018-06-15 2021-02-23 United States Gypsum Company Non-swelling reinforced drywall joint tape

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DE4242538A1 (en) * 1992-12-16 1993-06-09 Thueringisches Institut Fuer Textil- Und Kunststoff-Forschung E.V., O-6822 Rudolstadt, De Fibre bonding - uses pectin and compression to form sheet of flax jute or hemp
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FR2705369A1 (fr) * 1993-05-13 1994-11-25 Robaeys Freres Sa Van Non-tissé à base de fibres de lin et procédé de fabrication.
EP1588815A1 (fr) * 2004-04-21 2005-10-26 Université de Picardie Jules Verne Procédé de fabrication de feutres végétaux à partir d'étoupes
WO2008073206A1 (en) 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 United States Gypsum Company Nonwoven joint tape having low moisture expansion properties and method for using same

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CA2427514A1 (en) 2003-05-06 2004-11-01 Mark Joseph Newton Drywall tape and joint
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DE3710498A1 (de) * 1987-03-30 1988-10-13 Philipp Maehn Verfahren zur papierherstellung
EP0336842A1 (fr) * 1988-04-06 1989-10-11 Clextral Procédé pour la fabrication d'une pâte à papier à usage fiduciaire
US5354606A (en) * 1989-11-30 1994-10-11 Dansk Horindustri A/S Plate of flax fiber felt
DE4242538A1 (en) * 1992-12-16 1993-06-09 Thueringisches Institut Fuer Textil- Und Kunststoff-Forschung E.V., O-6822 Rudolstadt, De Fibre bonding - uses pectin and compression to form sheet of flax jute or hemp
FR2705369A1 (fr) * 1993-05-13 1994-11-25 Robaeys Freres Sa Van Non-tissé à base de fibres de lin et procédé de fabrication.
EP1588815A1 (fr) * 2004-04-21 2005-10-26 Université de Picardie Jules Verne Procédé de fabrication de feutres végétaux à partir d'étoupes
WO2008073206A1 (en) 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 United States Gypsum Company Nonwoven joint tape having low moisture expansion properties and method for using same

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US8513147B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Nonwovens produced from multicomponent fibers
US8277706B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-10-02 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8163385B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-04-24 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8148278B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-04-03 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8216953B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-07-10 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8227362B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-07-24 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8236713B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-08-07 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8247335B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-08-21 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8257628B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-09-04 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8262958B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-09-11 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making woven articles comprising water-dispersible multicomponent fibers
US8273451B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-09-25 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8691130B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2014-04-08 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8314041B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-11-20 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8388877B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-03-05 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8398907B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-03-19 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8435908B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-05-07 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8444895B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-05-21 Eastman Chemical Company Processes for making water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8444896B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-05-21 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8178199B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-05-15 Eastman Chemical Company Nonwovens produced from multicomponent fibers
US8158244B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-04-17 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8623247B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2014-01-07 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8557374B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-10-15 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8512519B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Sulfopolyesters for paper strength and process
US9273417B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2016-03-01 Eastman Chemical Company Wet-Laid process to produce a bound nonwoven article
US10106932B2 (en) 2011-07-20 2018-10-23 International Paper Company Substrate for wallboard joint tape and process for making same
CN106087596A (zh) * 2011-07-20 2016-11-09 国际纸业公司 用于壁板接缝带的基材及其制造方法
US8871052B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-10-28 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US8882963B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-11-11 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US8906200B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-12-09 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US9175440B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2015-11-03 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short-cut microfibers
US8840758B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-23 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US8840757B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-23 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US9303357B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2016-04-05 Eastman Chemical Company Paper and nonwoven articles comprising synthetic microfiber binders
US9617685B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2017-04-11 Eastman Chemical Company Process for making paper and nonwoven articles comprising synthetic microfiber binders
US9598802B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-21 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for producing a sulfopolyester concentrate
US9605126B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-28 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for the recovery of concentrated sulfopolyester dispersion
DE102023125620A1 (de) 2022-09-22 2024-03-28 Matthias Schäfer Fugendeckstreifen zur Verarbeitung in einer Baustoffoberfläche

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2510065A1 (en) 2012-10-17
FR2953531A1 (fr) 2011-06-10
KR20120101696A (ko) 2012-09-14
ES2531310T3 (es) 2015-03-12
CN102713038B (zh) 2016-08-03
US8962128B2 (en) 2015-02-24
AU2010329744A1 (en) 2012-07-05
FR2953531B1 (fr) 2012-03-02
EP2510065B1 (en) 2014-11-26
US20130078442A1 (en) 2013-03-28
CN102713038A (zh) 2012-10-03

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