WO2011069481A2

WO2011069481A2 - Tubbing works with integrated adjusting element

Info

Publication number: WO2011069481A2
Application number: PCT/DE2010/001392
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rudi Podjadtke
Original assignee: Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2009-12-10
Filing date: 2010-12-01
Publication date: 2011-06-16
Also published as: DE102009057520A1; WO2011069481A3; DE102009057520B4

Abstract

The invention relates to tubbing works embodied as a tubular inner shell of a tunnel or shaft, comprising tubular sections which are arranged successively in the longitudinal direction, respectively formed by a tubbing ring (2) and aligned in relation to each other with the front annular surfaces thereof (6) in an annular joint (3). Each tubbing ring (2) comprises tubbings (4) which are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction and which respectively form a butt joint (8) between two of the front sides thereof (9), in which an adjustable element (5a, 5b) which can modify the circumference of the tubbing ring (2) is arranged.

Description

Tubbing removal with integrated adjustment element

The invention relates to a tubbing removal according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.

The technical foundations for the construction of modern underground structures are often based on the proven knowledge of mining. In addition to the well-known by tunneling mountain passages in topographically demanding areas increased, especially in densely populated urban areas, the future need for the outsourcing of infrastructure buildings under the developed surface of the earth. However, this sometimes feasible open design is often associated with severe impairment of above-ground use during the construction phase, so that the closed mining propulsion is given preference here too. Common to all is the required lining of the obtained cavity with at least one structurally stable interior. In addition to the safe load transfer of overlying earth layers in particular

CONFIRMATION COPY dynamic loads and convergence behavior, for example due to subsidence of the surrounding soil and rock, high demands on the inner shell of tunnels and shafts to be created.

Already since the mid-19th century, it is already known to use for the load-bearing inner shell in the longitudinal direction one behind the other arranged pipe sections, which in turn consist of individual segments, the tubbing. The advantage lies in a process-safe and with high dimensional accuracy associated prefabrication of the required components, which can be introduced with a continuous propulsion speed. The tubbings can be made of cast iron or concrete, for example, whereby the cast-iron variant is also used as a lost formwork for a subsequent Ortbetonauskleidung. The single-shell design tends to be preferred, which at the same time fulfills optical and static requirements while at the same time being impermeable to water.

Modern tubbings are now used as prefabricated concrete segments behind closed shield drives as a finished support expansion. In order to obtain a self-contained and statically viable tunnel tube, the individual segments within the drilled tube must each be coupled to a circumferential tubbing ring. The connection arrangements known for this purpose bring about an immovable connection which has a coupling equipped with releasable connecting means or fixed anchors. Overall, this always results in a previously defined outer circumference of the inner shell, which does not allow any active adjustment possibility to the true diameter of the cut tunnel tube. However, the practice often confirms that when drilling or deploying tunnels, it may be necessary to cut the bore diameter to accommodate more convergences. Likewise, severe rock deformations can cause the tubbing ring to be downsized to accommodate the remaining excavation diameter. This required flexibility is not given in the known systems. The invention has for its object to provide a modern tubbing expansion, which allows a much more flexible use in spite of a high degree of prefabrication over the known systems, so on site occurring in practice and in advance difficult or impossible to estimate To be adapted to the boundary conditions.

The solution to this problem consists according to the invention in a tubbing removal according to the features of claim 1.

Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 13.

The invention provides a tubbing removal as a tubular inner shell of a tunnel or shaft, which has longitudinally successively arranged pipe sections. The pipe sections are each formed by a tubbing ring, which are aligned with their frontal ring surfaces in a ring groove to each other. In this case, each individual tubbing ring in the circumferential direction with their end faces juxtaposed tubbing, wherein between two end faces of the tubbings these each form a butt joint. According to the invention, the circumference of the tubbing ring can be changed via at least one adjusting element, so that the diameter of each individual tubbing ring can be actively enlarged or reduced independently of adjacent tube sections. As a result, the tubbing construction can be adapted to the particular conditions of the drilling diameter in the soil and rock and its cross-sectional shape, wherein the adjustment can take place within the construction phase and after completion of the tubbing removal. In addition, a ratio of the circumference or diameter of the tubbing ring to the drill diameter, which is dependent on the individual case with respect to the ground conditions, can also be implemented.

In the context of the invention, it is considered to be particularly advantageous that the adjusting element is disposed within the butt joint between two adjacent tubbings, wherein a bewirkter by adjusting the distance of the end faces of the tubbings is mutually variable. Even if the adjusting element outside the butt joint, for example in the tubbing or generally adjacent to the ring plane can be arranged and coupled via a suitable connection with the tubbing, the arrangement of the adjusting element according to the invention in the circumferential plane of the tubbing ring is preferred. This results in a compact closed system, within which the occurring ring forces are passed through statically advantageous. Moreover, the integration of the adjusting element within the ring plane effects the best possible utilization of the inner volume created by the tubbing removal.

The adjusting element is essentially formed from two side cheeks. These lie in a direction axisymmetric to the butt joint opposite and extend in the longitudinal direction of the tubbing ring over the width of each between two annular joints. In this case, each of the side cheeks on a connection side, which is in the flat and shape-matched contact with at least one of the end sides of the tubbing. In addition to the possibilities to create the side walls, for example, a solid material or a hollow profile, in principle, a variety of materials such as plastics, woods or metals and alloys and material combinations can be used. Advantageously, hollow profiles made of metal are used for this, whose rigidity is increased by internal transverse walls.

The side cheeks of the adjusting element have mutually directed inclined surfaces, the inclined planes extend either from an outer periphery to an inner periphery of the tubbing ring or from the two end faces of the annular surfaces from each other in the middle. As a result, a wedge-shaped gap is formed between two opposite inclined surfaces of the side cheeks, which tapers either from one side of the outer circumference to the inner circumference of the tubbing ring or each side of the annular surfaces from the center of the butt joint. Moreover, the adjusting element includes at least one wedge-shaped spreading element, which has two axially symmetrically arranged pressure surfaces converging at an acute angle to a blunt wedge tip. One of the wedge tip opposite side of the expansion element is formed here as an anchor plate. In the embodiment, there are basically also the possibilities to create the expansion element, for example, from a solid material or a hollow profile made of various materials such as plastics, woods or metals and alloys and material combinations. Advantageously, analogous to the two side cheeks of the adjustment also hollow sections made of metal are used, the rigidity of which is increased at least by the anchor plate in the form of a transverse wall.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the expansion element is arranged between the two side walls of the adjusting element and thus is located in the wedge-shaped gap between two opposing inclined surfaces. The expansion element is in this case linearly displaceable on a straight line in the plane of the butt joint between the two side cheeks. Here, the inclined surfaces of the side cheeks are at least partially in surface contact with the pressure surfaces of the expansion element. As a result of this arrangement, the forces occurring and to be transmitted within the adjustment element are transferred to one another on large contact surfaces, so that the friction occurring between the individual components is minimized with regard to the linear displaceability of the expansion element between the side walls. Moreover, the distribution of the forces to be transmitted to the large areas reduces the resulting stresses, which results in a thereby possible slimmer dimensioning of the individual components of the adjusting element.

To facilitate the installation within the tunnel tube, it is considered advantageous that at least one of the side cheeks of the adjustment is coupled to at least one of the tubbing via releasable connection means or with at least one of the end sides of a tubbings on a suitable connection is firmly connected. For this purpose, the adjusting element, for example, a sufficiently dimensioned connection reinforcement, through which the component is cast directly in the production of the individual tubbings of concrete. In this way, either two each equipped with a part of the adjusting Tübbings can be placed directly against each other and coupled together, wherein the adjusting element is completed, or connected to the adjustment tubbing directly connected via the adjusting element with a neighboring tubbing. In principle, a subsequent installation of the adjustment is possible, the tubbing then during the installation process are otherwise supported against each other.

For a stepless linear displacement of the expansion element between the side walls of the adjusting element, the expansion element has at least two tie rods arranged parallel to one another in the plane of the butt joint. These extend from the anchor plate through the spreader element individually arranged at right angles to the butt joint and via the releasable connection means with two tubbing coupled cross straps. In another variant, the mutually parallel tie rods extend from the anchor plate through the spreader element through to a further expansion element, wherein the tie rods also extend through this until a next anchor plate. Thus, in the second variant, two expansion elements within the butt joint between the two side cheeks face each other with the blunt wedge tip.

Against the background of the most variable possible use of the tubbing removal, a preferred embodiment provides that a compressible compliance element is arranged in the butt joint between two tubbings. Alternatively, the compliance element is a compressible part of the adjustment element or is combined with it within the tubbing ring. The advantage lies in the possibility of a passive circumferential adaptation of the tubing ring to possible settlements of the surrounding earth or mountain. These movements are usually after the start of the Tunnel tube and cause a compression of the surrounding the pipe rock formations. This process can take place at different speeds and last up to several months. Due to the compression of the compliance element, the tubbing ring eliminates the additional loads that occur while allowing a rearrangement of the forces in the surrounding soil and rock. In this way, the tubbings can be dimensioned much more economically, since they do not have to absorb the full, established by subsidence and other convergences mountain pressure.

Due to the peripheral variability of the tubbing rings, a preferred embodiment of the segmental lining provides that the individual tubbing ring is connected in a spatially yielding manner via a coupling unit to a respective adjacent tubbing ring. The coupling unit between the tubbing rings and other pipe sections is in this case a detachable connection. This ensures that the different "breathing" in the form of circumferential changes of the tubing rings allows each other and can be largely stress-free, since adjacent tubbing rings can thus assume different diameters without being hindered by a rigid composite with adjacent tubbing rings to become. Overall, the individual segments are thus safely and accurately positioned with each other at the same time spatial freedom of movement.

In order to obtain a tight contact between the adjusting element and a segment adjacent to the tubbing extension in the longitudinal direction of the segmental lining, a preferred embodiment provides for the adjusting element to have a recess for a seal in each case towards the annular surfaces of the tubbing ring. This recess extends in each case over the sides of the adjusting element between the two end faces of the tubbings and forms in cross section a substantially half circular area. This embodiment can basically also be used in the compliance element. In addition to the sealing effect achieved in particular the shape of the recess ensures a safe and accurate Positioning of a sealing cord within the annular joint, which is thus maintained even with possible displacements of the tubbing rings with each other in the plane of the annular surfaces. The tubbing itself have at their end faces corresponding seals, which thereby seal directly against each other or against components located in the butt joint. When using the adjusting element and the compliance element, these can be combined directly with a seal that overlaps the respective element from the outer circumference. In other embodiments, the elements are already sealed in themselves.

In combination with the recess on the adjusting element, it is considered to be particularly advantageous that in the annular joint between the tubbing rings and other pipe sections, a total of each circumferentially extending over the annular surfaces seal is incorporated. The closed shape in the form of an O-ring, the annular surfaces are sealed against each other against possible penetration of surrounding water. In addition to possibly pending groundwater, this is to be provided in principle for all versions below the water surface. Even if the seal composed, for example, of individual sections can develop their sealing effect, advantageously a one-piece circular solid rubber seal is used for this purpose. The pressing pressure within the annular joint by the coupling of the tubbing rings with each other is sufficient to achieve the necessary degree of tightness. Due to the formation of a circumferential annular groove within the annular surfaces analogous to the recess of the adjusting element, the respective movements of the tube sections with one another are reliably absorbed by deformations and positionally accurate fixation of the seal.

Especially under extreme conditions, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the seal is formed from a solid material or a radially flexible hose which can be filled with different media. By introducing a medium into the interior of the hose, an elastic cross-sectional change of the hose seal is effected, which also in the absence or low contact pressure within the annular joint their Sealing effect achieved by even the necessary contact pressure generated by volume growth. By way of a valve which can be reached from the inside of the tubbing construction and which creates a connection to the interior of the seal as a stub line, filling and compression of the seal can also be carried out in retrospect. In addition to gaseous media, it is also possible, for example, to introduce permanently elastic or hardening materials into the seal. Advantageously, the hose seal for this purpose is equipped with a second spur line, via which a located within the seal and displaced during repressing medium can escape.

The tubbing expansion according to the invention thus meets the highest demands on a modern and flexible single-shell interior design of an underground construction. Due to the possibility of a circumference actively actively adaptable design of each individual tubbing ring results in practical use each individual value added, which generates a simplified handling and a significantly increased scope for design. Overall, the installation is facilitated and sometimes accelerated because the otherwise rigid shape of the inner shell can be easily and safely adjusted. If the adjustment and compliance is no longer desired, for example, individual tubbing rings or the entire tubbing expansion can be permanently stiffened by subsequent compression with concrete. Due to the combination with passive compliance elements and spatially flexible coupling units, the person skilled in the art now has an adaptable and high-performance modular system for the modern interior finishing of underground structures, in particular of tunnels and shafts.

The invention is described below with reference to several embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawings. Show it: Figure 1 is a side view of a tubbing expansion according to the invention as a section of a continuous tunnel tube;

FIG. 2 shows the tubbing removal from FIG. 1 in a front view with a view into FIG

Direction of the longitudinal axis in the interior of the tubbing removal;

Figure 3 in a perspective view of an inventive

Adjustment element within a section of a tubbing ring;

FIG. 4 shows the adjusting element extracted from the tubbing ring according to FIG

Representation of Figure 3 in a partial exploded view;

FIG. 5 shows the adjusting element according to the representation of FIG. 4 in a changed perspective;

6 shows an adjusting element in a variant of Figures 3 to 5 with one of the tubbings in the neck in perspective representation;

FIG. 7 shows the adjusting element according to the representation of FIG. 6 with partially cut components in an altered perspective;

Figure 8 shows the adjusting element according to the illustrations of Figures 6 and 7 in a partial exploded view with partially cut components in an amended perspective;

Figure 9 two adjacent within a tubbing ring tubbing in

Section with one of the halves of a compressible compliant element;

FIG. 10 shows a compliance element in a variant of FIG. 9 within a section with one of the segments with changed inner forms;

Figure 11 shows a compliance element in a variant of Figure 10 in the same representation in combination with one of the tubbings in the neck; Figure 12 shows a compliance element as a variant of Figure 11 with changed side surfaces in the same representation;

Figure 13 shows a detail of two adjacent tubbing rings in perspective representation with a coupling unit in an exploded view;

FIG. 14 shows a coupling unit as a variant of FIG. 13 in a plan view with a modified attachment;

Figure 15 is a coupling unit according to the representation of Figure 13 in one

Variant of this with rod-shaped connecting element;

FIG. 16 shows a coupling unit according to the representation of FIG. 15 in one

Variant with modified coupling surfaces;

17 shows a coupling unit as a variant of FIGS. 13 to 16 according to the representations of FIGS. 15 and 16 in an altered perspective with a connection arrangement modified therefor;

FIG. 18 shows a coupling unit according to the representation of FIG. 17 in one

Variant with changed coupling surfaces as well

FIG. 19 shows a seal within a perspective detail of FIG

Front side of a tubbing ring.

FIG. 1 shows a detail of the individual components of the segmental lining 1 in a lateral external view of a tunnel tube, which is composed of three recognizable pipe segments which are arranged longitudinally one behind the other and which are each formed by a tubbing ring 2. The tubbing ring 2 is composed in the circumferential direction of lined tubbings 4, wherein between some adjacent tubbings 4 in the circumferential direction in each case an adjusting element 5a, 5b is arranged. With a view in the tunnel longitudinal direction, FIG. 2 shows a perspective inside view of the circular tubing ring 2, behind which the two further adjacent tube sections can be seen in the further course. The tubbing ring 2 has visibly one of two frontally encircling annular surfaces 6, via which the tubbing ring 2 is aligned with the respectively adjacent tube sections. In the area of the annular surfaces 6 is a circumferential circular seal 7 can be seen, which extends within the annular joint 3 and seals the tubbing ring 2 against adjacent pipe sections. Between each two tubbings 4 is in the circumferential direction of the tubbing ring 2 each have a butt joint 8, within which the adjusting element 5a, 5b is arranged. The butt joint 8 extends in each case radially from an outer circumference A to an inner circumference B of the tubbing ring 2.

Figure 3 shows the arranged within the joint 8 adjusting 5a, which is arranged between two at a distance C with their end faces 9 opposite tubbing 4. The adjusting element 5a has essentially two in the plane of the butt joint 8 mirror-inverted opposite side cheeks 10a and to the two outer annular surfaces 6 towards each a wedge-shaped expansion element 11a. The expansion element 11a is opposite to the other expansion element 11a at right angles to the butt joint 8 in mirror image. In the plane of the annular surfaces 6, the section of an introduced into the annular surfaces 6 peripheral groove 12 can be seen, which forms a predominantly half circular area in cross section. The course of the groove 12 extends through the lying in the plane of the annular surfaces 6 parts of the adjusting element 5a and forms in the two side walls 10a each have a recess 13a. The circumferential shape of the groove allows the insertion of the circular seal 7.

For better illustration of the individual components of the adjusting element 5a, Figure 4 illustrates this with pulled apart side walls 10a. The side walls 10a each have a long drawn box profile, which completely covers the end faces 9 of the tubbing 4 in Figure 3 with its connection side 14a. In addition, the connection side 14a includes in each case a curvature formed from a sheet, which forms a circle segment in cross-section, wherein the apex of the circle segment in each case extends behind the end faces 9 into the tubbing 4 shown in shape in FIG. 3 for this purpose.

On one of the connecting side 14a opposite side of the box profile of this is formed with two inclined planes, whereby the two side cheeks 10a mutually facing inclined surfaces 15a, their common highest edge region in each case center of the side walls 10a and the mutual annular surfaces 6 of the tubbing ring Flattening 2 linear, whereby the respective cross section of the side cheeks 10a is tapered to the two recesses 13a located on the edge.

The wedge-shaped gaps between the side cheeks 10a, which open in each case to the end-face annular surfaces 6, are at least partially filled in each case by the wedge-shaped spreading element 11a, whereby, as already shown in FIG. 3, they each face with their blunt wedge tip 16a.

One of the wedge tip 16a opposite side of the expansion element 11a is formed as an anchor plate 17a. The two parallel to the inclined surfaces 15a extending sides of the wedge-shaped expansion element 11a each have pressure surfaces 18a, which are in full-surface contact with the inclined surfaces 15a of the side walls 10a. The expansion element 11a is coupled via detachable connection means in each case with the side cheeks 10a of the adjusting element 5a. For a linear displaceability of the expansion element 11a between the two side walls 10a, these each have two arranged in their inclined surfaces 15a slots whose longitudinal direction extends between each of the two end faces 6 and in the course of which the releasable connection means and thus the respective expansion element 11a slidably mounted are. One behind the other, the expansion element 11a is connected to the opposite expansion element 11a by two tie rods 19a, wherein the tie rods 19a are arranged in parallel and each extending from anchor plate 17a to anchor plate 17a through the respective expansion element 11a and the respective anchor plate 17a therethrough. The tie rods 19a are rotatably mounted within the expansion element 11a and have at one end a non-positively grasped hexagon head with conventional tools, wherein the opposite end of the tie rods 19a has an external thread, each in a firmly connected to the anchor plate 17a element with corresponding internal thread in Intervention is. At the respective ends of the adjusting element 5a to the annular surfaces 6 of the tubbing ring 2, the side cheeks 10a each have a recess 13a which extends in each case from one connecting side 14a of the side cheeks 10a to the opposite connecting side 14a in the plane of the annular surfaces 6.

In FIG. 5, servicing openings 20a to be reached in the side cheeks 10a of the adjusting element 5a can be seen from the inside of the tubbing ring 2. About this, the releasable connection means to reach over which the expansion element 11a is respectively slidably coupled to the side walls 10a. The maintenance openings 20a within the side walls 10a can only be reached from the inside circumference B of the tubbing ring 2, while the side walls 10a are closed to the outside circumference A of the tubbing ring 2 from the entire surface.

FIG. 6 shows a variant of an adjusting element 5b, which is connected at one end to one of the tubbings 4 at the end. The adjusting element 5b has essentially two elongate wedge-shaped side cheeks 10b, which face each other mirror-inverted parallel to one of the end faces 9. One of the two side cheeks 10b stands here with its connection side 14b in full contact with one of the end faces 9 and covers them completely. The opposite sides of the side cheeks 10b are each formed as an inclined plane, which form between them a wedge-shaped gap, which tapers from the outer circumference A to the inner circumference B. The oblique planes are in each case formed by oblique surfaces 15b, between which a wedge-shaped expansion element 11b is arranged. This also extends over the entire width of the tubbing ring 2, wherein the inclined side surfaces occupy only half the height between the outer circumference A and the inner circumference B and open in a blunt wedge tip 16b. One of the wedge tip 16b opposite side of the expansion element 11b is formed as a continuous anchor plate 17b. The oblique side surfaces of the expansion element 11b are in this case designed as pressure surfaces 18b which are in contact with the oblique surfaces 5b of the adjustment element 5b on both sides. The circumferential groove 12 of the tubbing ring 2 also extends through the parts of the adjusting element 5b located in the plane of the annular surfaces 6 and forms a continuous recess 13b between the two side cheeks 10b. In plane of the inner circumference B, three symmetrically distributed transverse straps 21 are arranged, which extend in the circumferential direction of the tubbing ring 2 along their length and have elongated holes at their respective ends. The elongated holes are respectively behind the end faces 9, whereby the transverse straps 21 are coupled via detachable connection means 22 with one of the tubbings 4. While one of the transverse straps 21 extends centrally of the tubbing ring 2, the other two are each close to the outer annular surfaces 6, without going beyond the width of the tubbing ring 2.

FIG. 7 illustrates further details of the adjusting element 5b through a modified perspective, with a section through one of the side cheeks 10b revealing the interior. The side cheeks 10b and the expansion element 11b are in each case formed from hollow profiles which are stiffened by transverse walls 23 arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction. The adjusting element 5b in this case has three tie rods 19b arranged parallel to one another, which extend in each case centrally from the inner circumference B through the transverse straps 21 to the anchor plate 17b and thereby penetrate the expansion element 11b at the wedge tip 16b and the anchor plate 17b. The tie rods 19b have, at their end to be reached from the inner circumference B, a hexagonal head which can be coupled with conventional tools, wherein the tie rods 19b themselves are rotatably mounted in the transverse straps 21 and the expansion element 11b. In Figure 8 it can be seen that the hexagon head of the tie rods 19b opposite end has an external thread which is in engagement with the internal thread of fixedly connected to the anchor plate 17b elements. Due to the partially exploded view it can be seen that the expansion element 11b is equipped with guide walls 24 extending beyond its pressure surfaces 18b, wherein the transverse walls 23 extend parallel to the annular surfaces 6 of the tubbing ring 2 and via corresponding slots 25 in the inclined surfaces 15b in the side walls 10b extend. Disposed on the respective ends of the guide walls 24 located in the side cheeks 10b are detachable connecting means, which in turn are slidably engaged with guide slots 26 in the transverse walls 23 of the side cheeks 10b.

FIG. 9 shows the section of two segments 4 facing each other in the butt joint 8, the two end faces 9 of which are each connected to one half of a compliance element 27a. The tubbings 4 in this case each form a common prefabricated element with one half of the compliance element 27a, with the respective half of the compliance element 27a being non-positively connected to a reinforcing mesh made of steel of the reinforced concrete body of the tubbings 4 (not illustrated here). The outer cross-sectional contour of the compliance element 27a parallel to the butt joint 8 in this case corresponds to the outer contours of the end faces 9, whereby the two end faces 9 are covered over the entire surface. The two halves of the compliance element 27a are in this case each formed from a box profile, which has in each case from the inner circumference B to the outer circumference A continuously extending hollow chambers 28. The hollow chambers 28 are each formed by mutually parallel webs 29, each extending between two opposite and parallel to the end faces 9 extending longitudinal walls 30a of the respective box profile and two each extending in the plane of the annular surfaces 6 transverse walls 31a. The webs 29 are here crossed at right angles to each other. In this case, the transverse walls 31a each have a recess 32a, which fits into the peripheral groove 12 of the tubbing ring 2 in a form-fitting manner. FIG. 10 shows a variant of the compliance element 27a already shown in FIG. 9, wherein in this case only one of the tubbings 4 is shown in combination with one half of a compliance element 27b. The compliance element 27b is in this case formed by two opposite longitudinal walls 30b, which are arranged parallel to one of the end faces 9. The outer cross-sectional contour of one of the longitudinal walls 30b likewise covers one of the end faces 9 over the entire area. The hollow chambers 28 located between the two longitudinal walls 30b are in this case formed of individual tubular bodies 33, which are each arranged in a row parallel to the longitudinal walls 30b and are in peripheral contact with one another. The tubular body 33 in this case form two rows which are separated from each other by a narrow metal strip as a gutter 34. The course of the circumferential groove 12 along the annular surfaces 6 is hereby positively received by a recess 32b on the two sides of the compliance element 27b respectively in the plane of the annular surfaces 6.

FIG. 11 shows a variant of a compliance element 27c, which essentially has a one-part box profile. Analogously to FIG. 9, the individual hollow chambers 28 are formed by webs 29 crossed at right angles to each other. The two longitudinal walls parallel to the butt joint 8 are each formed from side cheeks 35, which are each a hollow profile and whose cross-sectional shape has a circular segment. The circular arc of one of the side cheeks 35 is here form-fitting in one of the end faces 9 and is connected to the reinforcement, not shown here, one of the tubbing 4 non-positively. The located in the plane of the annular surfaces 6 sides of the compliance element 27c have closed transverse walls 31b, in which in extension of the circumferential groove 12 each have a recess 32c is arranged. This extends beyond the transverse walls 31b out to the two outer arcs of the respective side cheek 35th FIG. 12 shows a further variant of a compliance element 27d which, in its arrangement of the hollow chambers 28, corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. The two parallel to the end faces 9 extending side walls are not formed by hollow side walls 35, but by in the inner region of the compliance element 27d to each other arched longitudinal walls 30c. In the plane of the annular surfaces 6 located transverse walls 31c have analogous to Figure 11 recesses 32d, which cause a positive continuation of the circumferential groove 12.

FIG. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment which shows the connection of two adjacent pipe sections which are each formed by a tubbing ring 2. For better clarity, the annular joint 3 in this case shows a large gap, and gives the view of one of the circumferential annular surfaces 6 and the circumferential groove 12 located therein free. In plane of the groove 12, the circumferential seal 7 is shown as a hose-like body. To connect the two pipe sections, a coupling unit 36a is shown in an exploded view, which essentially consists of two abutments 37a to be connected. The abutment 37a are each arranged in one of the tubbings 4 near the annular surfaces 6 in the region of the inner circumference B in the form of an anchor pin. These are firmly connected to the tubbings 4 and are each perpendicular to the inner circumference B of the tubbing ring 2. To connect the two abutment 37a with each other, a ring member 38a is arranged, which lies in a shape-adapted depression in the tubbing 4 and the encloses opposite anchor pin. In addition to the anchor pin two further rod-shaped elements are arranged, which have exactly like the anchor pins of the abutment 37a an external thread. In order to fix the ring element 38a in its position parallel to the inside B of the respective tubbing ring 2 around the abutment 37a around, the coupling unit 36a on the abutments 37a each have a semicircular coupling plate 39 which has corresponding holes on the anchor pin and rod-shaped elements the two abutment 37a are placed over and is fastened to the external thread screwed releasable connection means in the form of hex nuts.

FIG. 14 shows in a plan view a variant of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 13 in the form of a coupling unit 36b, in which two counter bearings 37b are designed in the form of clamping sheets. The tubbings 4 here also have semicircular recesses in the region of the coupling unit 36b, in which a ring element 38b is integrated over the annular joint 3 and undergoes clamping on the two counter bearings 37b. The two clamping plates are in each case coupled via a releasable connecting means with the tubbing 4.

FIG. 15 shows a further variant of a coupling unit 36c which, in analogy to FIGS. 13 and 14, connects two mutually opposing abutments 37c in a spatially yielding manner. The abutment 37c are each formed by extending in the plane of the annular surfaces 6 sheets, each having a through hole and are firmly connected to the tubbing 4. In order to connect them to each other, a rod-shaped bolt 40a is shown in an exploded view of the coupling unit 36c, which is guided by the two abutment 37c closer through their respective hole. The bolt 40a itself represents a releasable connection means and has a significant excess length, wherein the diameter is at least 50% smaller than the diameter of the respective hole of the abutment 37c. On both sides of the abutment 37c spring elements 41a are pushed in the form of helical springs on the bolt 40a, so that the two bolt ends are supported by these each resiliently to the abutments 37c out.

In a further variant, FIG. 16 shows a coupling unit 36d which, in addition to two abutments 37d, likewise has a bolt 40b and spring element 41a at both ends. The bolt 40b is in this case made significantly longer, since the abutment 37d are formed here by formations or holes within the tubbing 4 itself. 17 shows a further variant of a coupling unit 36e. In this case, one of the two counter bearings is formed on one side of the tubbing ring 2 by a bearing plate 42, while the opposite tubing ring 2 has an edge plate 43a. Analogous to the abutment 37c, the bearing plate 42 has a hole opening, wherein its storage takes place in a recess within the tubbing ring 2 in the region of the annular joint 3, in which the bearing plate 42 is integrated at a shallow angle to the inner circumference B in one of the tubbing 4 , The opposite edge plate 43a is in this case also firmly connected to the tubbing ring 2 and has a folded sheet metal strip to a trapezoidal bending shape. This bending mold is received in the opposite tubbing ring 2 by the recess within the tubbing ring 2 in combination with the running at a shallow angle bearing plate 42 parallel to the surface with a bearing clearance. The edge plate 43a has an internal thread in the region of the hole opening of the bearing plate 42. Via a bolt 40c, the bearing plate 42 and the edge plate 43a are connected to each other, wherein the bolt 40c analogous to Figures 15 and 16 previously equipped with a spring element 41b, which at one end of the bolt 40c against the hexagon head and on the opposite side to the hole opening of the bearing plate 42 is supported around.

FIG. 18 shows a variant of the coupling unit 36e shown in FIG. In this case, a coupling unit 36f is shown, which has an abutment 37e and a bolt 40d and an edge plate 43b. The anvil 37e here is a recess in one of the tubbings 4 of the tubbing ring 2, which serves for the shape-adapted play-holding of the folded plate 43b, which is firmly connected to the opposite tubbing ring 2. In addition to the recess, the abutment 37e has a firmly integrated internal thread and a through-hole into which the bolt 40d is inserted. For this purpose, the edge plate 43b has two through holes, through which the bolt 40d is guided, before an external thread located at its end is connected to the internal thread of the counter bearing 37e. FIG. 19 shows the peripheral seal 7 already shown in FIG. 2 in a detail detail. The seal 7 in this case has a branch line 44 which is closed by a closure body 45. The stub 44 is in this case formed as a tubular conduit which is connected to the formed as a hollow tube seal 7 such that a medium can pass through the opening of the stub 44 through this both in and out of the interior of the seal 7. The stub 44 extends from the seal 7 within the ring joint 3 to the inner circumference B of the tubbing ring second

In practical application, a shield tunneling device is generally used for the construction of an elongated underground tunnel section, which has an additional device for tubbing installation. Here, a rotating round cutting tool is advanced into the mountain material. This designated as a blade cutter has recesses over which the cut out material is removed by means of conveyor belts.

In the so-called Nachläufer behind the sign, the freshly cut tunnel opening is lined directly with successively arranged pipe sections. These pipe sections represent a einschaliges structure, which also meets the requirements of water impermeability in addition to the static requirements. For this purpose, the ring sections are each formed from a tubbing ring 2, which has in the circumferential direction with their respective end faces 9 lined tubbing 4.

In order to adapt to the local circumstances and requirements in the best possible way, different prefabricated tubbings 4 are used. In the form of a modular system, these are each provided on the end faces 9 with an adjusting element 5a, 5b and / or a compliance element 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d. The inherently stiff and invariable tubbings 4 made of reinforced concrete are thus a customizable as well adaptive system combined in the form of an adjustable tubbing ring 2.

In areas where dynamic, high pressures and high convergence behavior must be expected, the tubbing ring 2 is made yielding by inserting the compliance element 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d in at least one butt joint 8 between the respective end faces 9 of the tubbings 4 so that the tubbing ring 2 is enabled to withstand the rock pressure by upsetting the compliance element 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d and the associated circumferential change. By reducing the diameter of the tubbing removal 1, the forces occurring in the surrounding material are stored around.

In areas in which the diameter of the tunnel bore has to be cut larger when driving up the tunnel tube, the tubing ring 2 is made adjustable by the adjusting element 5a, 5b inserted into the butt joint 8, so that the circumference and thus the diameter of the tubbing ring 2 enlarged and adapted to the true drilling diameter.

In order to enable the respective circumferential changes and displacements of the individual pipe sections with each other, each individual tubbing ring 2 is connected to its adjacent pipe sections via a spatially flexible coupling unit 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, each between two adjacent tubbings 4 in Region of the annular joint 3 are arranged. Despite the yielding connection, the individual components are coupled and positioned securely and in the correct position.

Thus, the individual pipe sections are securely sealed against each other in the annular joint 3, a circumferential groove 12 is disposed in each case on the front-side annular surfaces of the tubbing ring 2, in which a circular seal 7 is inserted. About the contact pressure in the annular joint 3, the opposing annular surfaces 6 are sealed by the seal 7 against upcoming water. In extreme situations, the seal 7 is used in the form of a hose that can be filled with media whose cross-section is elastically changeable. With an enlargement of the annular joint 3, the seal 7 can thus also be adapted to the requirements of an enlarged cross-section by subsequent pressing.

REFERENCE CHARACTERS:

1 - tubbing removal

2- tubing ring

3 ring joint

4- tubbing

5a-adjusting element in 8

5b adjustment element in FIG. 8

6 ring surfaces of 2

7- seal between 3

8- butt joint between 4

9- faces of 4

10a side cheeks of 5a

10b sidewalls from 5b

11a spreading element of 5a

11b-spreading element of 5b

12 groove of 2

13a-recess of 5a

13b- recess of 5b

14a connection side of 10a

14b connection side of 10b

15a inclined surfaces of 10a

15b inclined surfaces of 10b

16a-wedge tip of 11a

16b wedge tip of 11b

17a anchor plate from 11a

17b anchor plate of 11b

18a pressure surfaces of 11a

18b printing surfaces of 11b

19a tie rod from 5a

19b tie rod from 5b

20a - Maintenance openings of 5a 20b - Maintenance openings of 5b 1 - Cross straps of 5b

2- lanyard of 5b

3- transverse walls of 10b

4 guide walls of 11b

5- slots of 10b

6 guide slots of 23

a-compliance element in 8b compliance element in 8c compliance element in 8d compliance element in FIG. 8

8- hollow chambers of 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d9- webs of 27a, 27c, 27d

a- Long walls of 27a

b- longitudinal walls of 27b

c- longitudinal walls of 27d

a- transverse walls of 27a

b- transverse walls of 27c

c- transverse walls of 27d

a- recess of 27a

b- recess of 27b

c- recess of 27c

d - recess of 27d

3- tubular body of 27b

4- gutter of 27b

5- side cheek of 27c

a- coupling unit in 3

b- coupling unit in 3

c- coupling unit in 3

d - coupling unit in 3

e-coupling unit in 3

f-coupling unit between 2

a- counter bearing of 36a b - abutment of 36b

c - counter bearing of 36c

d - abutment of 36d

e - counter bearing of 36f

a - Ring element of 36ab - Ring element of 36b

9 - Coupling plates from 36aa - Bolts from 36c

b - bolt of 36d

c - Bolt of 36e

d - bolts of 36f

a - Spring element of 36c and 36db - Spring element of 36e

2 - bearing plate from 36e

a - edge plate from 36e

b - edge plate from 36f

4 - stub line from 7

5 - Locking body of 44

A - outer circumference of 2

B - inner circumference of 2

C - distance between 9

Claims

claims

1. tubbing expansion as a tubular inner shell of a tunnel or shaft, which has longitudinally successively arranged pipe sections, each formed by a tubbing ring (2) and with their frontal annular surfaces (6) in a ring joint (3) are aligned , wherein each tubbing ring (2) in the circumferential direction juxtaposed Tuebings (4), which between two of their end faces (9) each form a butt joint (8), characterized in that the circumference of the tubbing ring (2) via a Adjustment (5a, 5b) is changeable.

2. tubbing removal according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting element (5a, 5b) within the butt joint (8) is arranged and by the adjusting element (5a, 5b) bewirkter distance (C) of the end faces (9) mutually variable is.

3. tubbing removal according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the adjusting element (5a, 5b) consists essentially of two side cheeks (10a, 10b), which lie in a direction axisymmetric to the butt joint (8) and extend in the longitudinal direction of the tubbing ring (2), wherein each of the side cheeks (10a, 10b) has a connecting side (14a, 14b) which is in surface contact with one of the end faces (9).

4. segmental lining according to claim 3, characterized in that the side cheeks (10 a, 10 b) mutually facing inclined surfaces (15 a, 15 b), the inclined planes are either from an outer circumference (A) to an inner circumference (B) of Tübbing- Rings (2) or from the two end-side annular surfaces (6) extend centrally from each other.

5. tubbing removal according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the adjusting element (5a, 5b) at least one wedge-shaped expansion element (11a, 11b) which comprises two axially symmetric pressure surfaces (18a, 18b) converging at an acute angle to a blunt wedge tip (16a, 16b), one side of the expansion element (1) opposite the wedge tip (16a, 16b) a, 11b) as an anchor plate (17a, 17b) is formed.

6. tubbing removal according to claim 5, characterized in that the expansion element (11a, 11b) between the two side cheeks (10a, 10b) of the adjusting element (5a, 5b) is arranged and linear on a straight line in the plane of the butt joint (8) is displaceable, wherein the inclined surfaces (15a, 15b) are at least partially in surface contact with the pressure surfaces (18a, 18b).

7. tubbing removal according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the side cheeks (10a, 10b) with at least one of the tubbings (4) via releasable connection means (22) is coupled or at least one of the end faces (9 ) is firmly connected via a suitable connection.

8. tubbing removal according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the expansion element (11a, 11b) at least two in the plane of the butt joint (8) arranged parallel to each other tie rods (19a, 19b) extending from the anchor plate ( 17a, 17b) through the spreader element (11a, 11b) arranged individually at right angles to the butt joint (8) and via the releasable connection means (22) with two tubbings (4) coupled transverse straps (21) or by a further expansion element (11a, 11b ) through to a next anchor plate (17a, 17b).

9. tubbing removal according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a compressible compliance element (27a, 27b, 27c, 27d) in the butt joint (8) is arranged or the compliance element (27a, 27b, 27c, 27d) a compressible part of the adjustment (5a, 5b) is.

10. tubbing removal according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the tubbing ring (2) via a coupling unit (36 a, 36 b, 36 c, 36 d, 36 e, 36 f) with an adjacent tubbing ring (2) spatially yieldingly connected, wherein the coupling unit (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) is a detachable connection.

11. tubbing removal according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the adjusting element (5a, 5b) to the annular surfaces (6) of the tubbing ring (2) towards each having a recess (13a, 13b) for a seal , wherein the recess (13a, 13b) extends between the two end faces (9) and forms a substantially half-circular area in cross-section.

12. tubbing construction according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the annular joint (3) over the annular surfaces (6) circumferentially extending seal (7) is incorporated.

13. tubing construction according to claim 12, characterized in that the seal (7) is formed of a solid material or a hose filled with media.