EP2510191B1 - Tubbing works having an integrated yielding element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tubbing removal according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.

The technical foundations for the construction of modern underground structures are often based on the proven knowledge of mining. In addition to the well-known by tunneling mountain passages in topographically demanding areas increased, especially in densely populated urban areas, the future need for the outsourcing of infrastructure buildings under the developed surface of the earth. However, this sometimes feasible open design is often associated with severe impairment of above-ground use during the construction phase, so that the closed mining propulsion is given preference here too. Common to all is the required lining of the obtained cavity with at least one structurally stable interior. In addition to the safe load transfer of overlying earth layers, in particular dynamic loads and convergence behavior, for example due to subsidence of the surrounding soil and rock, place high demands on the inner shell of tunnels and shafts to be created.

Already since the mid-19th century, it is already known to use for the supporting inner shell in the longitudinal direction one behind the other arranged tubular ring sections, which sometimes consist of individual segments, for example, individual tubbing. The advantage lies in a process-safe and with high dimensional accuracy associated prefabrication of the required components, which can be introduced with a continuous propulsion speed. The individual segments may be made of cast iron or concrete, for example, the cast-iron variant is also used as a lost formwork for a subsequent Ortbetonauskleidung. The single-shell design tends to be preferred, which at the same time fulfills optical and static requirements while at the same time being impermeable to water.

Modern tubbings are now used as prefabricated concrete segments behind closed shield drives as a finished support expansion. In order to obtain a self-contained and structurally viable tubbing removal, the individual tubbings within the drilled tube are each assembled together to form a circumferential segmental ring. In order to obtain a static and water-impermeable overall effect, the self-contained tubbing rings are also coupled together.

As a result, this results in a previously defined and rigid circumference of the inner shell, which does not allow any possibility of adaptation to deformations and other convergences of the mountains. However, such movements usually start after the tunnel tube has been driven in and cause the rock formations surrounding the pipe to be compressed. This process can take place at different speeds and last up to several months. This results in a significant additional load on the load-bearing elements, which is already detected statically in advance and requires a correspondingly larger dimensions of the individual components. In order to make the tubbing expansion more economical, it is therefore necessary that the individual tubbing rings can escape this additional load by changing their respective cross-section, so as to effect a rearrangement of the surrounding forces.

The EP 1 762 698 A1 discloses a compliance element for elongated underground spaces. The embodiment provides that it is integrated between two arranged in the circumferential direction of the tunnel tube and separated concrete shells. The forces are distributed in circumferential ring forces and transmitted to the compliance element, which yields under the occurring rock pressure by being compressed. The embodiment shows a substantially honeycomb structure, the cavities are reduced during compression. Basically, this element fulfills its yielding task well.

The EP 2 042 686 B1 describes a continuation of the from EP 1 762 698 A1 known compliance element. This can also be subsequently changed in the already installed state between the concrete shells in that an increased resistance can be generated by the existing cavities are reinforced by the insertion of other hollow body. In practice, this significantly improves the individual adaptability to local conditions.

The solutions shown are particularly suitable for local use in underground composite structures, which are composed of gutter profiles or lattice girders in combination with an in-situ concrete shell. Here, the compliance element are each inserted between two mutually compliant to be designed Ortbetonschalen and embedded in this by means of connection reinforcement double-sided on site. Although the reference to the use in tubbing construction methods is mentioned, but the practical implementation is not given here, since the known tubbings are spent as finished elements at the place of installation and allow any subsequent integration in the solidified concrete body. Moreover, the tubbing insert is used in practice as a clocked method, in which the local introduction of a compliance element between two circumferentially opposite tubbing would lead to inaccuracies and unrealizable viable connections with each other. In addition, the compliance element does not have a compact design that can be seamlessly integrated into the precise fabrication of modern tubbings.

Furthermore, the disclosure EP 0 631 034 B1 a controllably compressible thrust bearing for segments in a tubbing ring of elastically deformable material. This is arranged in each case in the butt joint between two in the circumferential direction one behind the other with the end faces to a tubbing ring composite tubbing. The structure of the compliance element is visually based on the known design of a Langlochziegels. This is mainly composed of mutually parallel webs, which intersect each other and thus form a plurality of rectangular continuous cavities. The cavities extend in the installed state between the opposite end faces of the tubbings. The control of the elastic compliance is achieved by filling the cavities with a plastically deformable filling material, wherein the individual cavities are sometimes interconnected by lines and allow drainage of the excess by compression and displaced filling compound. The necessary bond between tubbing and pressure bearing takes place by means of a bond. By integrating a pressure gauge, the actual pressure within the pressure bearing can be read off and, if necessary, reduced by releasing the filling compound.

In practice, elastic materials are subject to aging, which can take on unwanted properties throughout the life of the tubbing removal. The use of pressure side controlled fillers on each of the arranged within the entire elongated expansion thrust bearing requires a high maintenance. A relaxation of the elastic properties can lead to the unnoticed perforation of the individual hollow chambers forming webs, for example, the secluded outside of the tubbing ring. This would cause a free leakage of the filling material, whereby the overall geometry of the tubbing removal can change uncontrollably. But even without the use of filling material, the use of elastic materials entails certain risks, since the deflection of elastic components under pressure is difficult to control. So could one within the lower ring half of the tubbing ring caused by shear loads past each other "sliding" two tubbings parallel to the butt joint the ring statics in the upper half of the ring endanger because the peripheral bond between tubbing and elastic thrust bearings based only on a bond.

Based on the prior art, the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a tubbing expansion as a tubular inner shell of a tunnel or shaft, which allows a controlled and permanently viable and limited deformability in the circumferential direction, with its innovations being seamless in the prefabrication and integrate the fast and reliable installation of modern tubbings.

The solution to this problem consists according to the invention in a tubbing construction according to the features of claim 1.

Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 11.

The invention provides a tubbing removal as a tubular inner shell of a tunnel or shaft, which has longitudinally successively arranged pipe sections. The pipe sections are each formed by a tubbing ring, which are aligned with their frontal ring surfaces in a ring groove to each other. In this case, each individual tubing ring in the circumferential direction with their end faces lined up tubbings, which each form a butt joint between two of their end faces. In at least one butt joint between two tubbings here, a deformable compliance element is arranged. According to the invention, at least one of the tubbings together with the compliance element forms a common prefabricated element, which is formed from a reinforcing mesh of steel surrounded by concrete, to which the compliance element is non-positively connected. The outer cross-sectional contour of the compliance element parallel to the butt joint in this case corresponds to the outer contours of the end faces, whereby the compliant element covers at least one of the two end faces of the tubbings over the entire surface.

In order to obtain a tight contact between the compliance element and a segment of tubing adjacent to the segmentation in the longitudinal direction of the segmental lining or otherwise configured tube section within the annular joint, the compliance element has a respective one towards the annular surfaces of the tubbing ring Recess for a seal on. This recess extends in each case over the sides of the compliance element between the two end faces of the tubbings and forms in cross section a substantially half circular area. This design can basically also be used in the adjustment. In addition to the sealing effect achieved in particular ensures the shape of the recess for a safe and positionally accurate positioning of a sealing cord within the annular joint, which is maintained even with possible displacements of the tubbing rings with each other in the plane of the annular surfaces. The tubbing itself have at their end faces corresponding seals, which thereby seal directly against each other or against components located in the butt joint. When using the adjusting element and the compliance element, these can be combined directly with a seal that overlaps the respective element from the outer circumference. In other embodiments, the elements are already sealed in themselves.

The particular advantage lies in the frictional connection of the compliance element with the statically necessary and / or constructive reinforcement of one of the tubbings, whereby an easily weiterzuverarbeitende basic shape is created, which is directly incorporated into the shaping concreting of prefabricated tubbing. Although the compliance element may be made of different materials such as plastic, it is advantageously made of a refractory, age resistant material such as metal. In addition to various alloys, these can also have a surface protection such as zinc.

Together with the same Konfurverläufen of the compliance element in combination with one of the tubbings is thus each a single compact finished element available, which is spent and integrated directly to the place of installation In this way, for example, equipped with two half-compliance element tubbing so in the circumferential direction the tubbing ring lined up, that the two compliance elements placed in the butt joint against each other and combined together to form a single composite compliance element. The necessary coupling with each other can be done for example by welding, clamping or releasable connection means and a combination of everything.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the compliance element essentially forms a box profile, which has transversal hollow chambers arranged transversely to the circumferential direction of the respective tubbing ring. The box shape results in a compact and easy-to-integrate design that forms a virtually self-contained unit. The advantage of the clear design lies in the simple and the butt joint filling integration of the compliance element in the tubbing expansion. In particular, the positive connection to adjacent tubbing rings reduces the cost of a waterproof design to a minimum. The continuous hollow chambers "sacrifice" the plastic deformation of the compliance element due to rock pressure by reducing their volume by controlled compression in one direction. On the size and the sum of the hollow chambers can thus be taken in advance on the influence of the subsequent form of compliance. In addition to the transverse to the circumferential direction possible course of the hollow chambers in the tunnel longitudinal direction they extend radially in an advantageous manner, so that the hollow chambers are visible from the inside of the tubbing removal. In addition to the possible rapid visual assessment of the deformation, the advantage lies in particular in a later introduction of, for example, elastically or plastically deformable materials and components in the hollow chambers and a Tübbings same property stiffening by filling with concrete.

In the embodiment of the compliance element provides a possible variant that the hollow chambers are formed by a plurality of mutually parallel webs, each extending between two opposite and parallel to the end faces of the tubbing longitudinal walls and two each extending in the plane of the annular surfaces of the tubbing rings Transverse walls extend. The individual webs are here crossed at right angles to each other, so that there is a grid structure. The advantage here is in an increased at the beginning of the pressure load resistance, since the individual webs first their In the longitudinal direction to be loaded and "buckling" need to produce a plastic deformation.

In a further development of the invention, including the lattice structure explained above, the longitudinal walls of the compliance element are curved parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubbing ring to each other inwardly into the interior of the box profile. Here, too, it follows that the longitudinal walls of the compliance element designed in this way have full-surface contact with the adjacent shape-adapted front sides of the tubbings. Due to the biconcave mutually extending shape of the longitudinal walls and in each planoconvex shaped end faces of the tubing, there is the possibility that only one side of the compliance element has a solid bond with one of the end faces of the tubbings, while the opposite side only in conformal contact with the front page the other tubbing stands. This results in a joint effect between the adjacent in the circumferential direction Tübbings, which allows angular adjustment with each other. Despite the deformation-free mobility that occurs, for example, in a non-uniform cross-sectional change of tubing removal, the position of the two tubbings is clearly positioned to each other and thrust forces are easily transferred between the semicircular longitudinal walls and end faces. This effect also has a favorable effect on the thrust transmission, provided that both end faces of the tubbing are connected to the intermediate compliance element.

Based on the biconcave execution of the longitudinal walls, a further advantageous embodiment provides that the two longitudinal walls of the compliance element are each formed from a side cheek, wherein the side cheek is a hollow profile whose cross-sectional shape has a circular segment. The circular segment lies here with its circular arc in each case in the likewise form-adapted end faces of the tubbings. Due to the respective plano-convex shape of the longitudinal walls, the previously described advantages of a joint effect in the case of a one-sided composite of the compliance element with one of the tubbings as well as an improved transmission of the shear forces also result here. The execution of the longitudinal walls as a hollow profile also causes a simpler manufacture of Webs produced in the interior grid structure, since the hollow profiles used on the opposite side of the circular arc each have a parallel to the webs extending straight surface, between which extend the transverse webs and can end straight.

In a variant of the lattice structure, the invention provides that the compliance element has two opposing parallel and parallel to the two end faces of the tubbing extending longitudinal walls and the intermediate hollow chambers are formed from individual tubular bodies. The tubular bodies are in each case arranged in a row parallel to the longitudinal walls and are in peripheral contact with each other. Between two adjacent rows of tubular bodies, at least one intermediate web is additionally arranged, on which the individual tubular bodies are fixed in their respective position. Due to the round cross-sectional shape of the tubular body results at the beginning relative to the grid structure, a slightly lower resistance, since the lateral surfaces of the tubular body are claimed directly to bending. In principle, the tube bodies in a row can also have a spacing of the lateral surfaces which corresponds, for example, to the radius, as a result of which the compliance of the tube cross-section extends contactlessly with one another up to its planar deformation. By juxtaposing the tubular body, the lateral surfaces are supported against each other, so that the respective deformation must be made in the interior of the pipe cross-section, resulting in an increased resistance. About the thickness of the wall, and the diameter, distance and the number and number of rows of tubular body, the resistance of the compliance element can be specifically "adjust" to adapt it to the respective requirements. Again, the filling of the cavities within and between the tubular bodies is analogous to the grid structure applicable.

Against the background of cooperating as an overall system underground construction, it is considered advantageous that an adjusting element is arranged in the butt joint between the end faces of the tubbings, whereby a bewirkter by the adjustment distance of the end faces is mutually variable. Even if the adjustment outside of lying between the adjacent butt joints gap, for example, in the tubbing or generally next to the Ring plane can be arranged and coupled via a suitable connection with the tubbings, the arrangement of the adjusting element according to the invention in the circumferential plane of the individual ring sections is preferred. This results in a compact closed system, within which the occurring ring forces are passed through statically advantageous. Moreover, the integration of the adjusting element within the tubbing rings effects the best possible utilization of the inner volume created by the tubbing removal.

Alternatively, the compliance element is a compressible part of the aforementioned adjustment element or is combined with it within the individual tubbing rings. The combination within a component increases the degree of prefabrication and allows for a uniform production method.

Due to the circumferential variability of the tubbing rings, a preferred embodiment of the segmental lining provides that the tubbing rings are spatially resiliently connected to each other via a coupling unit. The coupling unit between the tubing rings and other pipe sections here is a detachable connection: This ensures that the different "breathing" in the form of circumferential changes of the tubing rings allows each other and can be largely stress-free, since adjacent tubbing rings thus different Diameter can be taken without being prevented by a rigid composite with adjacent tubbing rings it. Overall, the individual segments are thus safely and accurately positioned with each other at the same time spatial freedom of movement.

In combination with the recess on the compliance element, it is considered to be particularly advantageous that in the annular joint between the tubbing rings and other tube sections, a total of each circumferentially extending over the annular surfaces seal is incorporated. The closed shape in the form of an O-ring, the annular surfaces are sealed against each other against possible penetration of surrounding water. In addition to possibly pending groundwater, this is to be provided in principle for all versions below the water surface. Even if the seal composed of individual sections, for example, its sealing effect unfold, is advantageously used for this purpose a one-piece circular solid rubber seal. The pressing pressure within the annular joint by the coupling of the tubbing rings with each other is sufficient to achieve the necessary degree of tightness. Due to the formation of a circumferential annular groove within the annular surfaces analogous to the recess of the compliance element and of the adjusting element, the respective movements of the tube sections are also reliably received by deformations and positionally accurate fixation of the seal.

Especially under extreme conditions, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the seal is formed from a solid material or a radially flexible hose which can be filled with different media. By introducing a medium into the interior of the hose, an elastic cross-sectional change of the hose seal is effected, which achieves its sealing effect even in the absence of or only low contact pressure within the annular joint, by itself generates the necessary contact pressure by volume increase. A valve which can be reached from the inside of the segmental lining and which creates a connection to the interior of the seal as a branch line can also be used to fill and press the seal in retrospect. In addition to gaseous media, it is also possible, for example, to introduce permanently elastic or hardening materials into the seal. Advantageously, the hose seal for this purpose is equipped with a second spur line through which a located within the seal and displaced during the repressing medium can escape.

The tubbing expansion according to the invention thus meets the highest demands on modern and flexible single-shell interior design. In addition to a spatially flexible coupling of two adjacent ring sections with each other, a good accessibility and a problem-free subsequent replacement of the coupling unit or parts thereof is given. In combination with an adjustment element or a compliance element or a combination of the two, it is ensured by the spatially flexible coupling that the different "breathing" in the form of circumferential changes of the individual ring sections with each other is possible and can also run largely stress-free. This allows the adjacent ring sections different Diameter, without being prevented by a rigid composite with adjacent ring sections of it. Overall, the individual segments are thus safely and accurately positioned with each other at the same time spatial freedom of movement.

Due to the possibility of a circumference actively actively adaptable design of each of the ring sections results in practical use each individual value, which generates a simplified handling and a significantly increased scope for design. Overall, the installation is facilitated and sometimes accelerated because each coupling unit of the ring sections is easy to reach and the otherwise rigid shape of the inner shell can be easily and safely adjusted. Due to the combination with passive compliance elements and spatially flexible coupling units, the person skilled in the art now has an adaptable and high-performance modular system for the modern interior finishing of underground structures, in particular of tunnels and shafts.

Figur 1

in einer Seitenansicht einen erfindungsgemäßen Tübbing- Ausbau als Ausschnitt aus einer durchlaufenden Tunnelröhre;

Figur 2

der Tübbing-Ausbau aus Figur 1 in einer Frontansicht mit Blick in Richtung der Längsachse in das Innere des Ausbaus;

Figur 3

zwei innerhalb eines Tübbing-Rings benachbarte Tübbings im Ausschnitt mit jeweils einer der Hälften eines stauchbaren Nachgiebigkeitselements;

Figur 4

ein Nachgiebigkeitselement in einer Variante der Figur 3 innerhalb eines Ausschnitts mit einem der Tübbings mit geänderten Innenformen;

Figur 5

ein Nachgiebigkeitselement in einer Variante der Figur 4 in gleicher Darstellungsweise in Kombination mit einem der Tübbings im Ausschnitt;

Figur 6

ein Nachgiebigkeitselement als Variante der Figur 5 mit geänderten Seitenflächen in gleicher Darstellungsweise;

Figur 7

in einer perspektivischen Darstellung ein erfindungsgemäßes Verstellelement innerhalb des Ausschnitts zweier Tübbing-Ringe;

Figur 8

das aus dem Tübbing-Ring extrahierte Verstellelement gemäß der Darstellung der Figur 9 in teilweiser Explosionsdarstellung;

Figur 9

das Verstellelement gemäß der Darstellungen der Figur 8 in einer geänderten Perspektive;

Figur 10

ein Verstellelement in einer Variante der Figuren 7 bis 9 mit einem der Tübbings im Ausschnitt in perspektivischer Darstellungsweise;

Figur 11

das Verstellelement gemäß der Darstellung der Figur 10 mit teilweise geschnittenen Bauteilen in geänderter Perspektive;

Figur 12

das Verstellelement gemäß der Darstellungen der Figuren 10 und 11 in einer teilweisen Explosionsdarstellung mit teilweise geschnittenen Komponenten in einer geänderten Perspektive;

Figur 13

einen Ausschnitt zweier benachbarter Tübbing-Ringe in perspektivischer Darstellungsweise mit einer Koppeleinheit in einer Explosionsdarstellung;

Figur 14

eine Koppeleinheit als Variante der Figur 13 in einer Aufsicht mit geänderter Befestigung;

Figur 15

eine Koppeleinheit gemäß der Darstellung der Figur 13 in einer Variante mit stabförmigem Verbindungselement;

Figur 16

eine Koppeleinheit gemäß der Darstellung der Figur 15 in einer Variante mit geänderten Koppelflächen;

Figur 17

eine Koppeleinheit als Variante zu den Figuren 13 bis 16 gemäß der Darstellungen der Figuren 15 und 16 in einer geänderten Perspektive mit einer geänderten Verbindungsanordnung;

Figur 18

eine Koppeleinheit gemäß der Darstellungen der Figur 17 in einer Variante mit geänderten Koppelflächen und

Figur 19

eine Dichtung innerhalb eines perspektivischen Ausschnitts der Stirnseite eines Tübbing-Rings.

The invention is described below with reference to several embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

in a side view a tubbing expansion according to the invention as a section of a continuous tunnel tube;

FIG. 2

the tubbing expansion FIG. 1 in a front view looking in the direction of the longitudinal axis in the interior of the expansion;

FIG. 3

two adjacent tubbings within a tubbing ring in the cutout, each with one of the halves of a compressible compliance element;

FIG. 4

a compliance element in a variant of FIG. 3 within a cutout with one of the tubbings with changed inner forms;

FIG. 5

a compliance element in a variant of FIG. 4 in the same representation in combination with one of the tubbings in the neckline;

FIG. 6

a compliance element as a variant of FIG. 5 with modified side surfaces in the same representation;

FIG. 7

in a perspective view of an inventive adjustment within the section of two tubbing rings;

FIG. 8

the extracted from the tubbing ring adjustment according to the illustration of FIG. 9 in a partially exploded view;

FIG. 9

the adjustment according to the representations of FIG. 8 in a changed perspective;

FIG. 10

an adjusting element in a variant of FIGS. 7 to 9 with one of the tubbings in the detail in perspective representation;

FIG. 11

the adjustment according to the illustration of FIG. 10 with partially cut components in changed perspective;

FIG. 12

the adjustment according to the representations of Figures 10 and 11 in a partial exploded view with partially cut components in an altered perspective;

FIG. 13

a section of two adjacent tubbing rings in perspective representation with a coupling unit in an exploded view;

FIG. 14

a coupling unit as a variant of FIG. 13 in a plan with modified attachment;

FIG. 15

a coupling unit according to the illustration of FIG. 13 in a variant with rod-shaped connecting element;

FIG. 16

a coupling unit according to the illustration of FIG. 15 in a variant with changed coupling surfaces;

FIG. 17

a coupling unit as a variant of the FIGS. 13 to 16 according to the representations of FIGS. 15 and 16 in an altered perspective with a changed connection arrangement;

FIG. 18

a coupling unit according to the representations of FIG. 17 in a variant with changed coupling surfaces and

FIG. 19

a seal within a perspective section of the front side of a tubbing ring.

FIG. 1 shows as a detail of the individual components of the tubing construction 1 in a lateral external view of a tunnel tube, which is formed of three recognizable and indicated next thereto in the longitudinal direction successively arranged tubbing rings 2. The tubbing rings 2 are composed in the circumferential direction of lined tubbings 4, wherein between some adjacent tubbings 4 in the circumferential direction in each case one adjusting element 5a, 5b or in each case a compliance element 6a 6b, 6c, 6d.

With a view in the tunnel longitudinal direction FIG. 2 an inner perspective view of the circular tubing rings 2. The located in front of the head part of the tubing rings 2 has visibly one of two frontally encircling annular surfaces 7, over which the tubbing rings 2 are aligned. In the area of the annular surfaces 7 a circumferential circular seal 8 can be seen, which extends within the annular joint 3 and the tubbing rings 2 seals with each other. Between each two tubbings 4 is in the circumferential direction of the tubbing rings 2 each have a butt joint 9, within which the adjusting element 5a, 5b or the compliance element 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d is arranged. The butt joint 9 extends in each case radially from an outer side A to an inner side B of the tubbing rings 2.

FIG. 3 represents the cutout of two in the butt joint 9 opposite tubbing 4, wherein the two end faces 10 are each connected to one half of a compliance element 6a. The tubbings 4 in this case each form a common prefabricated element with one half of the compliance element 6a, the respective half of the compliance element 6a not being closer to one here shown reinforcing braid made of steel of the reinforced concrete body of the tubbing 4 is non-positively connected. The outer cross-sectional contour of the compliance element 6a parallel to the butt joint 9 in this case corresponds to the outer contours of the end faces 10, whereby the two end faces 10 are covered over the entire surface. The two halves of the compliance element 6a are in this case each formed from a .Cast profile, which has in each case from the inside B to the outside A continuously extending hollow chambers 11. The hollow chambers 11 are each formed by mutually parallel webs 12, each extending between two opposite and parallel to the end faces 10 extending longitudinal walls 13a of the respective box profile and two each extending in the plane of the annular surfaces 7 transverse walls 14a. The webs 12 are here crossed at right angles to each other. In this case, the transverse walls 14a each have a recess 15a, which fits in a form-fitting manner into an annular groove 16 of the tubbing rings 2 which revolves on the annular surface 7.

FIG. 4 represents a variant of the already in FIG. 3 shown yielding element 6a, wherein in this case only one of the tubbing 4 is shown in combination with one half of a compliance element 6b. The compliance element 6b is in this case formed by two opposite longitudinal walls 13b, which are arranged parallel to one of the end faces 10. The outer cross-sectional contour of one of the longitudinal walls 13b also covers one of the end faces 10 over its entire area. The hollow chambers 11 located between the two longitudinal walls 13b are in this case formed of individual tubular bodies 17, which are each arranged in a row parallel to the longitudinal walls 13b and are in peripheral contact with one another. The tubular body 17 in this case form two rows which are separated from each other by a narrow metal strip as a gutter 18. The course of the circumferential annular groove 16 along the annular surfaces 7 is in this case positively received by a recess 15b on the two sides of the compliance element 6b respectively in the plane of the annular surfaces 7.

The FIG. 5 shows a variant of a compliance element 6c, which essentially has a one-piece box profile. Analogous FIG. 3 Here, too, the individual hollow chambers 11 are crossed at right angles to each other Webs 12 formed. Two longitudinal walls 19 parallel to the butt joint 9 are each formed from hollow profiles, whose cross-sectional shape has a circular segment. The circular arc of one of the longitudinal walls 19 is in this case adapted in shape in one of the end faces 10 and is non-positively connected to the reinforcement not shown here one of the tubbing 4. The located in the plane of the annular surfaces 7 sides of the compliance element 6c have closed transverse walls 14b, in which in extension of the circumferential annular groove 16 each have a recess 15c is arranged. This extends beyond the transverse walls 14b to the two outer circular arcs of the respective longitudinal walls 19.

FIG. 6 represents a further variant of a compliance element 6d, which in its arrangement of the hollow chambers 11 to the in FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment corresponds. The two parallel to the end faces 10 extending side walls are not formed here by hollow profiles, but by in the inner region of the compliance element 6d to each other arched longitudinal walls 13c. Located in the plane of the annular surfaces 7 transverse walls 14c have analogous to FIG. 5 Recesses 15d, which cause a positive continuation of the circumferential annular groove 16.

FIG. 7 shows the arranged within the butt joint 9 between two tubbing 4 adjustment 5a, which is arranged between two at a distance C with their end faces 10 opposite tubbing 4. The adjusting element 5a has essentially two in the plane of the butt joint 9 mirror-inverted opposite side cheeks 20a and to the two outer annular surfaces 7 towards each a wedge-shaped expansion element 21a. The spreader 21 a is the other spreader 21 a perpendicular to the butt joint 9 in mirror image. In the plane of the annular surfaces 7, the section of the introduced into the annular surfaces 7 circumferential annular groove 16 can be seen. The course of the annular groove 16 extends through the lying in the plane of the annular surfaces 7 parts of the adjusting element 5a and forms in the two side walls 20a each have a recess 22a. The circumferential shape of the annular groove 16 allows the insertion of the circular seal 8.

For a better representation of the individual components of the adjusting 5a FIG. 8 this with pulled apart side cheeks 20a. The Side cheeks 20a each have an elongated box profile, which with its connection side 23a, the end faces 10 of the tubbings 4 in FIG. 7 completely covered. In addition, the connecting side 23a each includes a curved portion formed from a sheet, which forms a circular segment in cross section, wherein the apex of the circle segment in each case behind the end faces 10 in the in FIG. 4 For this purpose shaped segments shown tubbing 4 extends into it.

On one of the connecting side 23a opposite side of the box profile, this is each formed with two inclined planes, whereby the two side cheeks 20a facing each other inclined surfaces 24a, the common highest edge region each center of the side cheeks 20a and to the mutual annular surfaces 7 of the tubbing rings Flatten out 2 linearly, whereby the respective cross-section of the side cheeks 20a is tapered to the two adjacent recesses 22a out.

The wedge-shaped gaps between the side cheeks 20a, which open in each case to the end-side annular surfaces 7, are at least partially filled in each case by the wedge-shaped expansion element 21a, wherein these, as already described in US Pat FIG. 7 represented, each with their blunt wedge tip 25a opposite.

A wedge tip 25a opposite side of the expansion element 21a is formed as an anchor plate 26a. The two parallel to the inclined surfaces 24a extending sides of the wedge-shaped expansion element 21a each have pressure surfaces 27a, which are in full-surface contact with the inclined surfaces 24a of the side walls 20a. The expansion element 21a is coupled via detachable connection means in each case with the side cheeks 20a of the adjustment element 5a. For a linear displaceability of the expansion element 21a between the two side cheeks 20a, these each have two arranged in their inclined surfaces 24a slots whose longitudinal direction extends between each of the two end faces annular surfaces 7 and in the course of the releasable connection means and thus the respective expansion element 21a slidably mounted are. The spreading element 21a is connected to the opposing spreading element 21a by two tie rods 28a, the tie rods 28a being arranged parallel to each other and each of the anchor plate 26a being an anchor plate 26a extend through the respective expansion element 21a and the respective anchor plate 26a. The tie rods 28a are rotatably mounted within the expansion element 21 a and have at one end a force-fit with conventional tools hexagon head, wherein the opposite end of the tie rods 28a has an external thread, each in a fixed to the anchor plate 26a connected element with corresponding internal thread is engaged. At the respective ends of the adjusting element 5a to the annular surfaces 7 of the tubing rings 2, the side cheeks 20a each have a recess 22a which extends in each case from one connecting side 23a of the side cheeks 20a to the opposite connecting side 23a in the plane of the annular surfaces 7.

In FIG. 9 can be seen from the inside B of the tubing rings 2 to be reached maintenance openings 29a in the side walls 20a of the adjustment 5a: About this, the releasable connection means to reach over which the spreader 21a is respectively slidably coupled to the side walls 20a. The maintenance openings 29a within the side walls 20a are accessible only from the inside B of the tubing rings 2, while the side walls 20a are closed to the outside A of the tubbing rings 2 over the entire surface.

FIG. 10 shows a variant of an adjustment 5b, which is connected on one side with one of the tubbing 4 frontally. The adjusting element 5b has essentially two elongate wedge-shaped side cheeks 20b, which face each other in a mirror image parallel to one of the end faces 10. One of the two side cheeks 20b stands here with its connection side 23b in full contact with one of the end faces 10 and covers them completely. The opposite sides of the side cheeks 20b are each formed as an inclined plane, which form between them a wedge-shaped gap, which tapers from the outside A to the inside B out. The oblique planes are each formed by inclined surfaces 24b, between which a wedge-shaped expansion element 21 b is arranged. This also extends over the respective width of the tubbing rings 2, wherein the inclined side surfaces occupy only half the height between the outside A and the inside B and open in a blunt wedge tip 25b. One of the wedge tip 25b opposite side of the expansion element 21b is as a continuous anchor plate 26b formed. The oblique side surfaces of the expansion element 21b are in this case formed as pressure surfaces 27b which are in contact with the oblique surfaces 24b of the adjustment element 5b on both sides. The encircling annular groove 16 of the individual tubbing rings 2 also extends through the parts of the adjusting element 5b located in the plane of the annular surfaces 7 and forms a continuous recess 22b between the two side walls 20b. In plane of the inside B, three symmetrically distributed transverse straps 30 are arranged, which extend in the circumferential direction of the tubbing rings 2 along their length and have slots at their respective ends. The elongated holes are respectively behind the end faces 10, whereby the transverse straps 30 are coupled via detachable connection means 31 with one of the tubbing 4. While one of the transverse straps 30 extends in each case centrally of the tubbing rings 2, the other two are each close to the outer annular surfaces 7, without going beyond the respective width of the tubbing rings 2.

FIG. 11 represents through a modified perspective further details of the adjustment 5b, wherein a section through one of the side cheeks 20b gives the view into the interior. The side cheeks 20b and the expansion element 21b are in each case formed from hollow profiles which are stiffened by transverse walls 32 arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction. The adjusting element 5b in this case has three tie rods 28b arranged parallel to one another, which extend in each case centrally from the inner side B through the transverse straps 30 to the anchor plate 26b and thereby penetrate the spreader element 21b at the wedge tip 25b and the anchor plate 26b. The tie rods 28b have, at their end to be reached from the inside B, a hexagonal head which can be coupled with conventional tools, the tie rods 28b themselves being rotatably mounted in the transverse straps 30 and the expansion element 21b.

In FIG. 12 It will be seen that the end opposite the hexagonal head of the tie rods 28b has an external thread which engages the internal threads of elements integral with the anchor plate 26b. By the partially exploded view it can be seen that the expansion element 21b is provided with beyond its pressure surfaces 27b reaching out guide walls 33, wherein the transverse walls 32 extend parallel to the annular surfaces 7 of the tubing rings 2 and via corresponding slots 34 in extend the inclined surfaces 24b in the side walls 20b. Disposed on the respective ends of the guide walls 33 located in the side cheeks 20b are detachable connecting means, which in turn are slidably engaged with guide slots 35 in the transverse walls 32 of the side cheeks 20b.

In FIG. 13 an embodiment is shown, which shows the connection of two adjacent tubbing rings 2. For better clarity, the annular joint 3 in this case shows a large gap, and gives the view of one of the circumferential annular surfaces 7 and the circumferential annular groove 16 located therein free. In plane of the annular groove 16 therein circumferential seal 8 is shown as a hose-like body. To connect the two tubbing rings 2, a coupling unit 36a is shown in an exploded view, which essentially consists of two abutments to be connected. The abutments are arranged in each case in one of the tubbings 4 near the annular surfaces 7 in the region of the inner side B in the form of anchor pins 37. These are firmly connected to the tubbings 4 and are each perpendicular to the inside B of the two tubbing rings 2. To connect the two anchor pins 37 with each other, a coupling element in the form of a ring member 38a is arranged, which in a form-fitting recess in the tubbing 4 and the opposing armature pin 37 encloses. In addition to the anchor pin 37 two further rod-shaped elements are arranged, which have exactly like the anchor pin 37 has an external thread. In order to fix the ring member 38a in its position parallel to the inside B of the respective tubbing rings 2 around the anchor pin 37 around, the coupling unit 36a to the anchor pin 37 each have a semicircular coupling plate 39 which via corresponding holes on the anchor pin 37 and the rod-shaped elements of the coupling unit 36a are placed and secured by screwed onto the external thread releasable connection means in the form of hex nuts.

FIG. 14 represents in a plan view a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 13 in the form of a coupling unit 36b, in which two abutments in the form of clamping plates 40 are formed. The tubbings 4 in this case likewise have semicircular recesses in the region of the coupling unit 36b, in which a ring component 38b is integrated over the annular joint 3 and on the clamping sheets 40 undergoes a clamping. The two clamping plates 40 are in each case coupled via a releasable connecting means with the tubbing 4.

In FIG. 15 is a further variant of a coupling unit 36c shown, the analogous to FIGS. 13 and 14 two opposing abutment spatially compliant connects. The abutments are each formed by a running in the plane of the annular surfaces 7 anchor plate 41a, each having a through hole as a play opening 42 and is fixedly connected to one of the tubbing 4. In order to connect the two abutments with each other, a rod-shaped bolt 43a is shown in an exploded view of the coupling unit 36c, which is guided through each individual game opening 42 of the armature plate 41a. The bolt 43 a itself represents a releasable connection means and has a significant excess length, wherein the diameter is at least 50% smaller than the diameter of the respective hole of the anchor plate 41 a. On both sides of the abutment spring elements 44a are pushed in the form of coil springs on the bolt 43a, so that the two bolt ends are supported by these each resiliently to the respective anchor plate 41a to the game opening 42 out.

In another variant presents FIG. 16 a coupling unit 36d, which in addition to two abutments to be connected also have a pin 43b and at both ends of the spring element 44a. The bolt 43b is in this case designed to be significantly longer, since the counter-bearings are each formed by a formation 45a in the form of a continuous clearance opening 42 within a web of the tubbing 4 itself.

Another variant of a coupling unit 36e represents the FIG. 17 In this case, one of the two counter bearings of the tubbing rings 2 to be joined is formed by an anchor plate 41b, while the opposite counter bearing has a bent anchor plate 41c. Analogously to the armature plate 41a, the armature plate 41b has a clearance opening 42, the storage thereof taking place in a recess within one of the tubbing rings 2 in the region of the ring joint 3, in which the armature plate 41b is at a shallow angle to the inside B in one of the tubbings 4 is integrated. The opposite armature plate 41 c is in this case also firmly connected to one of the adjacent tubbing rings 2 and has as folded sheet metal strip on a trapezoidal bending shape. This bending mold is received in the opposite thrust bearing through the recess in combination with the flat-angle armature plate 41b parallel to the surface with a bearing clearance. The bent armature plate 41c has an internal thread in the region of the clearance opening 42 of the armature plate 41b. Via a bolt 43c, the armature plate 41b and the bent armature plate 41c are connected to each other, wherein the pin 43c analogous to the FIGS. 15 and 16 previously equipped with a spring element 44b, which is supported at one end of the bolt 43c against the hexagon head and on the opposite side to the game opening 42 of the armature plate 41b around.

FIG. 18 shows a variant of in FIG. 17 shown coupling unit 36e. Here, a coupling unit 36f is shown, which has a formation 45b and a pin 43d and an anchor plate 41d. In this case, the formation 45b is located in one of the tubbings 4 of the tubing rings 2, which serves for the shape-adapted play reception of the laminar plate 41d bent analogously to the laminar plate 41c, which is fixedly connected to one of the opposite tubbings 4. In addition to the formation 45b, the abutment has a firmly integrated internal thread and a fitting opening 46 into which the pin 43d is inserted. The bent armature plate 41d has for this purpose two through holes through which the pin 43d is guided before an external thread located at its end is connected to the internal thread of the anvil.

FIG. 19 represents the already in FIG. 2 Here, it can be seen that the seal 8 is arranged in half in a cross-sectionally predominantly semicircular annular groove 16. The seal 8 in this case has a connection 47, which is closed by a closure body 48. In this case, the connection 47 is designed as a tubular stub line which is connected to the seal 8 designed as a hollow tube in such a way that a medium can pass through the opening of the connection 47 via the opening 8 in and out of the seal 8. The connection 47 in this case extends from the seal 8 within the ring joint 3 to the inside B of the tubbing rings 2.

In practical application, a shield tunneling device is generally used for the construction of an elongated underground tunnel section, which has an additional device for tubbing installation. Here, a rotating round cutting tool is advanced into the mountain material. This designated as a blade cutter has recesses over which the cut out material is removed by means of conveyor belts.

In the so-called Nachläufer behind the sign, the freshly cut tunnel opening is lined directly with successively arranged pipe sections. These pipe sections represent a einschaliges structure, which also meets the requirements of water impermeability in addition to the static requirements. For this purpose, the ring sections are each formed of tubbing rings 2, which have in the circumferential direction with their respective end faces 10 juxtaposed tubbing 4.

In order to adapt to the local circumstances and requirements in the best possible way, different prefabricated tubbings 4 are used. In the form of a modular system, these are each provided on the end faces 10 with an adjusting element 5a, 5b and / or a compliance element 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d. The inherently rigid and unchangeable reinforced concrete tubbings 4 are thereby combined to form an adaptable and adaptable system in the form of adjustable segmental rings 2.

In areas in which dynamic, high pressures and great convergence behavior must be expected, the tubbing rings 2 are made yielding by the use of the compliance element 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d in at least one butt joint 9 between the respective end faces 10 of the tubbings 4 so that the tubbing rings 2 are enabled to withstand the rock pressure caused by the compression of the compliance element 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and the associated circumferential change. By reducing the diameter of the tubbing removal 1, the forces occurring in the surrounding material are stored around.

In areas where the diameter of the tunnel bore has to be cut larger when driving up the tunnel tube, the tubbing rings 2 are made adjustable by the adjustment element 5a, 5b inserted into the butt joint 9, so that the circumference and thus the diameter of the tubbing rings 2 enlarged and adapted to the true drilling diameter.

In order to enable the respective circumferential changes and displacements of the individual pipe sections with each other, each individual tubing rings 2 is connected with its adjacent pipe sections via a spatially flexible coupling unit 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, each between two adjacent tubbing 4th are arranged in the region of the annular joint 3. Despite the yielding connection, the individual components are coupled and positioned securely and in the correct position.

Thus, the individual pipe sections are securely sealed against each other in the ring joint 3, a circumferential annular groove 16 is disposed in each case on the front-side annular surfaces of the tubbing rings 2, in which a circular seal 8 is inserted. About the contact pressure in the annular joint 3, the opposite annular surfaces 7 are securely sealed by the seal 8 against upcoming water. In extreme situations, the seal 8 is used in the form of a hose that can be filled with media whose cross-section is radially elastically changeable. With an enlargement of the annular joint 3, the seal 8 can thus also be adapted to the requirements of an enlarged cross-section by subsequent pressing.

Claims (11)

1. Segmental lining in the form of a tubular inner shell for a tunnel or shaft, which comprises tube sections arranged one after another in the longitudinal direction, each formed by a segment ring (2) and aligned with one another by their annular end surfaces (7) in an annular joint (3), wherein each segment ring(2) comprises segments (4) arranged successively in the circumferential direction, which form a butt joint (9) in each case between two of their end faces (10), and a deformable flexible element (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) is arrangedin at least one butt joint (9) between two segments (4),
   characterised in that
   at least one of the segments (4) in conjunction with the flexible element (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) forms a common prefabricated element which is formed from a steel reinforcing mesh encased in concrete to which the flexible element (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) is connected in frictionally locking manner, while the outer cross-sectional contour of the flexible element (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) parallel to the butt joint matches the outer contours of the end faces (10),as a result of which the flexible element(6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) completely covers at least one of the two end faces (10), the flexible element (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) comprising in each case, towards the annular surfaces (7) of the segment ring (2), a recess (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d) for a seal (8), the recess (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d) extending between the two end faces (10) and forming essentially half a circular surfacein cross-section.
2. Segmental lining according to claim 1, characterised in that the flexible element (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) forms a box profile comprising continuous hollow chambers (11) arranged perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the segment ring (2).
3. Segmental lining according to claim 2, characterised in that the hollow chambers (11) are formed by mutually parallel lands (12), which extend between two opposing longitudinal walls (13a, 13c, 19) running parallel to the end faces (10) and two transverse walls (14a, 14b, 14c) extending in the plane of the annular surfaces (7), the lands (12) intersecting with one another at right angles.
4. Segmental lining according to claim 3, characterised in that the longitudinal walls (13c) of the flexible element (6d) have an inwardly-facing curvature to one another, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the segment ring (2), and make full-area contact with the abutting shape-matched end faces (10) of the segments (4).
5. Segmental lining according to claim 3, characterised in that the longitudinal walls (19) of the flexible element (6c) are each formed by a hollow profile having a cross-section shaped as a segment of a circle, the arc being located in the shape-matched end faces (10) of the segments (4).
6. Segmental lining according to claim 2, characterised in that the flexible element (6b) has two opposing longitudinal walls (13b) extending parallel to the end faces (10), and the hollow chambers (11) located between them are formed from individual tubular bodies (17) arranged in a row parallel to the longitudinal walls (13b) and in circumferential contact with each other, wherein at least one intermediate land (18) is arranged between two adjacent rows.
7. Segmental lining according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that an adjusting element (5a, 5b) is arranged in the butt joint (9), whereby a distance (C) created between the end faces (10) by the adjusting element (5a, 5b) can be changed.
8. Segmental lining according to claim 7, characterised in that the flexible element(6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) is a compressible part of the adjusting element (5a, 5b).
9. Segmental lining according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the segment ring (2) is connected to an adjacent segment ring (2) in three-dimensionally flexible manner by means of a coupling unit (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f), the coupling unit (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f) being a releasable connection.
10. Segmental lining according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that a seal (8) extending around the circumference of the annular surface(7) is incorporated in the annular joint (3).
11. Segmental lining according to claim 10, characterised in that the seal (8) is formed from a solid material or from a hose adapted to be filled with material.

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