EP2918772A2 - Expansion system for underground tunnels or routes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a removal system for underground tunnels or routes. The expansion system comprises rock tethered rock anchors 1 and longitudinally spaced extensions 3 of the tunnel or track, which are composed of resiliently connected arc segments 4 and a concrete body 5 and integral upsetting elements 6. According to the invention, an arc segment 4 consists of a lattice girder section 7 with end sliding profile sections 10, wherein the rock anchor 1 are set through the lattice girder sections 7 therethrough. Two circumferentially adjacent arc segments 4 are coupled together incorporating a Gleitverbindungsprofils such that the expansion unit 3 can yield by telescoping the Gleitprofilabschnittes 10 and the Gleitverbindungsprofils.

Description

The invention relates to a removal system for underground tunnels or routes.

In mining and tunneling, expansion refers to securing and keeping open cavities or underground mine work. The term refers in summary to all means and methods that lead to the support or solidification of the rock or rock surrounding the cavity to be secured.

When driving up tunnels or routes, an oval pressure arch with increased pressure forms in the joints around the cavity. With solid rock, a small pressure vault forms in the case of used rock. The mountains within the pressure arch relax and can loosen up. Due to the mountain pressure, the mountains try to fill the cavity produced again.

The introduced expansion has to bear the rock of the loosened pressure arch and counteract the impact pressure. This is to prevent further movement of the mountains.

Known removal systems include the introduction of rock anchors, reinforcing nets, steel arches, shotcrete and arrears elements.

As steel arches, arches or arc segments from fixed type programs (U-profile, TH profile, lattice arches etc.) in the form of rolled profiles or prefabricated arches are used.

A lattice girder for the underground route development is for example from the EP 0 073 733 B1 described.

The AT 362 739 B discloses an arcuate segment for an expansion arch of underground tunnels or lines, which has a lattice girder section and a slide profile section connected end to end with the girder section. These arc segments should be connected to self-contained expansion frame.

By the DE 1 237 160 A One of the prior art is a butt joint between truss girders that serve as reinforcement of a concrete tunnel lining. The truss girders are lattice girder sections and made of round bars. At the ends of the truss girder sections are secured by welding between the upper flange and the lower flange and connected by a pair of straps and screws and / or wedges tensile strength.

A compliant composite structure is through the DE 39 27 446 C1 known. For composite construction includes a shotcrete layer on the wall of the tunnel or the track surrounding mountains and a plurality of longitudinally arranged in the longitudinal direction of the underground storage space frame in accordance with the mountain convergence einschubnachgiebig connected expansion segments and a concrete backfill between the shotcrete layer and the expansion frame. The expansion segments are connected by clamps or similar connecting means. The concrete backfill may extend along with drafting mats along the Underground space. Between adjacent expansion frame are Verbolzungselemente, which are designed as squeezing, which are zusammenquetschbar under the influence of rock pressure, at least in its transverse direction.

An expansion with shotcrete can not easily absorb major deformations of the mountains without damage. For larger deformation phenomena it comes to flaking and subsequently to the destruction of the shotcrete shell. For this reason, compression elements have been integrated into the expansion system. The compression elements serve as rock support elements, which divide the annular shotcrete expansion into segments and can absorb a majority of the deformations. A very well proven in practice compression element is from the EP 2 042 686 B1 known. The compression element, called honeycomb, is arranged between load-distributing plates. It consists of flat pipe sections in the required pipe thickness and pipe diameter. The compression elements are part of a composite construction of gutter profiles or lattice girders and a concrete shell.

A honeycomb-like compliance element goes out of the EP 1 762 698 A1 out.

Furthermore counts by the DE 42 21 656 A1 a resilient backfill for the route construction in mining to the state of the art. The backfill consists of high-strength concrete and deformable crimping elements, which are preferably pipe sections.

The from the DE 38 06 126 C2 known expansion provides starting frame made of sheet steel, which are formed from frame parts under inclusion of compliance elements. Furthermore, an outer shell of fast-curing building material or similar backfilling material is provided.

As already stated in the introduction, mountain conditions with high pressure ranges, which occur due to low geological strength ratios or high loose rock overlays, generally cause problems in the production of tunnels and lines. Of course, even with homogeneous mountain conditions, a reliable expansion system is essential.

The choice of the most appropriate expansion system depends on several aspects. In addition to the duration of service and the size of the area to be supported, the type and size of the expected rock pressure as well as the associated mountain movements are decisive.

The invention is based on the prior art, the task of creating a development system for underground routes and tunnels, which is logistically and montageetechnisch advantageous and has a very good expansion behavior with limited compliance.

The solution of the problem concerning the expansion system is shown in claim 1.

An inventive development system for underground tunnels or tracks combines a resilient Gleitbogenausbau, an anchor removal and a concrete construction with integrated compression elements. The expansion system comprises rock anchors, which are tensioned in the mountains, and expansion units which are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or the track, and which are composed of arcuately connected arc segments. Furthermore, a concrete body, in particular a concrete shell and integrated compression elements is provided. The expansion system is limited yielding. The integrated upsetting elements are used for this purpose. Furthermore, for this purpose, the expansion units are designed to be limited yield, lattice girders and sliding profiles, in particular gutter profiles are combined in an expansion unit. According to the invention, an arc segment has a lattice girder section and a sliding profile section joined at least at one end to the lattice girder section. The rock anchors are set through the lattice girder sections. The sliding profile section is in particular a channel profile section. Particularly preferably, the channel profile section is a so-called TH profile (Toussaint-Heintzmann profile).

The rock anchors make a physical connection of the arc segments with the mountains ago by the lattice girder sections are linked via the rock anchors with the mountains. The lattice girder sections in turn are linked to the Concrete body. This creates a panel effect, so that the expansion system is connected to the mountains.

The arcuate segments used in accordance with the invention and the expansion units assembled therefrom combine the advantages of lightweight lattice girders with the flexibility of the expansion unit, which gives it the Gleitprofilabschnitte that can slide into each other depending on rock pressure. An inventive arc segment is therefore characterized by its low weight and the associated better transportability and installation. Likewise, the arc segments can be designed stackable.

The expansion system consists essentially of the suburban anchorage by means of rock anchors, the limited yielding expansion units as TH profile / lattice girder combination, the compression elements and the concrete shell. The concrete shell can be applied as shotcrete or executed as a concrete backfill.

The coordinated system components can converge at a very high level, with the expansion support force becoming increasingly larger. After the rock tensions have reduced, an inner shell can be inserted, if necessary.

Preferably, a respective sliding profile section is provided at both ends of a lattice girder section. Two arc segments are coupled together incorporating a Gleitverbindungsprofils. The Gleitverbindungsprofil is also preferably a gutter profile, in particular a TH profile.

The slide profile portion of an arc segment and a Gleitverbindungsprofil overlap in the connection area. About Gleitverbindungsmittel the Gleitprofilabschnitt and the Gleitverbindungsprofil are interconnected so that the expansion unit can yield by telescoping Gleitprofilabschnitt and Gleitverbindungsprofil. A preferred sliding connection means are connection clamps or connection locks.

Particularly preferably, an expansion unit can be designed annular or arcuate. Depending on the application or application, the arc segments can be installed with their open side to the mountains or to the tunnel or track out.

In addition, the mountain mantle or the wall of the limiting mountain can be provided with a shotcrete layer. This is introduced early after the eruption to increase the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding mountains.

Furthermore, the mountain mantle or the wall of the limiting mountains may be provided with arresting elements, in particular mats, draft mats or wire mesh. These measures contribute to mountain protection.

A further aspect of the invention provides that at least a part of the rock anchors are set through the lattice girder sections. As a result, the arc segments can be added and clamped in an advantageous manner on or with the mountains. Anchors with anchor lugs tuned to the lattice girders are used for the assembly of the arch segments. This facilitates installation and also has an influence on the necessary machinery or machine equipment.

Particularly advantageously, the lattice girder sections are designed as a four-belt grid. The rock anchors are then positioned or set between the two adjacent to the mountains rods of the lattice girder section.

The individual expansion units are placed depending on their load with a certain distance in the longitudinal direction. In order to prevent or avoid displacement as a result of rock movements, for example, the expansion units can be connected to one another by means of spacer elements, for example in the form of spacer bars or bolted joints, in a manner that is tensile and compressive.

A measure that improves the convergence behavior or expansion behavior of the expansion system provides that a plurality of compression elements are arranged offset from one another on a pitch circle. Furthermore, in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or the route, a plurality of upsetting elements are arranged in a row in succession.

As mentioned, in the context of the invention, a combination of rigid, embedded in the concrete lattice girder arches or sections in conjunction with limited resilient sliding profile overlaps, in particular TH profile overlaps. The dimension of the insertion path in the slide profile is matched to the insertion capacity of the compression elements.

The lattice girder sections can be designed as a three-belt grid or as a four-belt grid. Conveniently, a sliding profile section is provided at each end of a lattice girder section. Lattice girder section and sliding profile section overlap each other and are joined together, in particular joined materially. Preferably, the arc segments are stackable. This has particular transportation and logistic advantages.

Figur 1

einen Querschnitt durch eine mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Ausbausystem ausgebaute Strecke;

Figur 2

das Ausbausystem vor und nach einer Lastaufnahme in Folge von Gebirgskonvergenz;

Figur 3 a) bis c)

einen Ausschnitt aus einer Ausbaueinheit des Ausbausystems in drei verschiedenen Lastaufnahmesituationen;

Figur 3 d)

einen Schnitt durch die Darstellung der Figur 3a) entlang der Linie A-A;

Figur 4

ein Bogensegment;

Figur 5a) und b)

ein Stauchelement vor einer Lastaufnahme (Figur 5a) und nach der Lastaufnahme (Figur 5b);

Figur 6a)

eine Ansicht auf zwei übereinander gestapelte Bogensegmente;

Figur 6b)

einen Ausschnitt aus einem Bogensegmenten in einer ersten Ausführungsform;

Figur 7a)

eine Ansicht auf zwei übereinander gestapelte Bogensegmente;

Figur 7b)

einen Ausschnitt aus einem Bogensegmenten in einer zweiten Ausführungsform;

Figur 8

in einer perspektivischen Darstellung einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Ausbausystems und

Figur 9

einen Ausschnitt aus dem Ausbausystem in einer anderen Ansicht.

The invention is described below with reference to drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a cross section through a developed with a removal system according to the invention route;

FIG. 2

the construction system before and after a load absorption due to mountain convergence;

FIG. 3 a) to c)

a section of an expansion unit of the expansion system in three different load picking situations;

FIG. 3 d)

a section through the representation of FIG. 3a ) along the line AA;

FIG. 4

an arc segment;

FIG. 5a) and b)

a compression element before a load suspension ( FIG. 5a ) and after lifting the load ( FIG. 5b );

FIG. 6a)

a view of two stacked arc segments;

FIG. 6b)

a section of an arc segments in a first embodiment;

FIG. 7a)

a view of two stacked arc segments;

FIG. 7b)

a section of an arc segments in a second embodiment;

FIG. 8

in a perspective view of a section of a building system according to the invention and

FIG. 9

a section of the expansion system in another view.

Based on FIGS. 1 to 9 an inventive expansion system and its system components is explained.

The FIGS. 1 and 2 each show a cross section through an underground track. The expansion system comprises in the mountain G tense rock anchors 1. The rock anchors 1 have been introduced into the mountain G immediately after the outbreak of the route cross-section. The mountain mantle is further lined with arrears elements 2 in the form of wire mesh. In the longitudinal direction of the distance with spaced-apart expansion units 3 are introduced (see also FIGS. 8 and 9 ). In the present case, the expansion units 3 are designed in a ring shape for a circular path cross-section. The expansion system is introduced so that the required clearance gauge of the route cross-section is adjusted. Accordingly, a larger breakout profile is ascended before operating the route. This is necessary because around the mining cavity around secondary stress states that mechanically load the rock or the mountains.

The expansion units 3 consist of yieldingly connected arc segments 4. The cavity between the rock jacket and the expansion units 3 is filled by a shell-shaped concrete body 5. The concrete body 5 is created in shotcrete execution. Furthermore, 5 integrated compression elements 6 are provided in the concrete body.

The expansion system is limited yielding. The compliance is on the one hand ensured by the integrated compression elements 6 (see also FIG. 5 ).

Furthermore, the expansion units 3 are executed limited yielding. An arc segment 4 has a lattice girder section 7. In each case at the end 8, 9 of a lattice girder section 7, a sliding profile section 10 is joined to the lattice girder section 7. The sliding profile section 10 is a channel profile section (TH profile).

Within the expansion system, a plurality of upsetting elements 6 on a pitch circle offset from each other are arranged (see FIGS. 1 and 2 ). In the embodiment shown here, a total of twelve compression elements 6 are integrated at a uniform distance over the circumference. Furthermore, in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or the track a plurality of compression elements 6 in a row are arranged successively (see. FIGS. 8 and 9 ). The compression elements 6 are each adjacent to the connection region between two arc segments 4, arranged between two expansion units 3.

An arc segment 4 can be seen in more detail in the FIG. 4 , The arch segment 4 has a lattice girder section 7. At each end 8, 9 a Gleitprofilabschnitt 10 is added in the form of a bell-shaped channel profile section. The lattice girder portion 7 has in its longitudinal direction extending rods 11, 12 (top and bottom chord) and the rods 11, 12 connecting diagonal braces 13. Two embodiments of lattice girder sections are in the FIGS. 6a) and 7a ). The lattice girder section 7 'is a lattice girder section designed as a three-belt grid. In the in the Figure 7a ), the lattice girder section 7 "is designed as a four-belt grid FIGS. 6b) and 7b ) it can be seen that the lattice girder section 7 ', 7 "and the slide profile section 10 overlap on the end side and are joined in the overlapping region, in particular by material bonding, by welding.

The arc segments 4 are coupled to each other via a Gleitverbindungsprofil 14. The Gleitverbindungsprofil 14 extends between the Gleitprofilabschnitt 10 of two circumferentially adjacent successive arc segments 4. The Gleitverbindungsprofil 14 and the Gleitprofilabschnitte 10 of two arc segments 4 overlap in the connecting portion 15 and are via Gleitverbindungsmittel 16 in the form of friction locks with upper flap 17 and Bottom plate 18 connected together. The connection is such that the expansion unit 3 can yield by telescoping the Gleitprofilabschnitte 10 and the Gleitverbindungsprofils 14. This is by the presentation of FIGS. 3a) to 3c ) illustrates. The FIG. 3a ) shows the situation in which the expansion unit 3 has not taken any load from the mountains. The Gleitprofilabschnitte 10 and the free end of Gleitprofilabschnitte 10 of two adjacent arc segments 4 are arranged under inclusion of Gleitverbindungsprofils 14 at a distance from each other. With increasing load absorption by mountain convergence, the slide profile sections 10 slide over the Gleitverbindungsprofil 14 ( FIG. 3b ) until they have taken advantage of the complete compliance path and abut each other on the impact side ( Figure 3c ).

The FIG. 5 illustrates a in the context of the expansion system according to the invention reaching-used compression element 6. The compression element 6 consists of flat pipe sections 19 in demand pipe thickness and pipe diameter, which are arranged between load-distributing plates 20. The compression elements 6 allow the force absorption in both tangential (normal force) and in the radial direction (transverse force) and in the axial direction (longitudinal force in the direction of advance). The selected load-travel characteristic depends on the selection of the pipe sections 19 used and is controllable via the pipe sizing (pipe diameter, pipe thickness, pipe piece length and the choice of material and steel quality). The design of the compression elements 6 makes it possible to adapt the load absorption to the individual mountain conditions during the rock deformation. This is done by inserting 19 more pieces of pipe in the existing pipe sections. The temporary hardening of the shotcrete is supported by the deformability of the upsetting elements 6 (deformation of the pipe sections) and thus prevents as far as possible breaks in the shotcrete shell.

As in particular in the FIGS. 8 and 9 can be seen, the arc segments 4 are fixed by rock anchor 1 in or with the mountains G, wherein rock anchor 1 are passed through the lattice girder sections 7. Here, the arc segments 4 are clamped over in the contour of the lattice girder sections 7 adapted anchor plates 21 via rock anchor 1 with the mountains G.

In the FIG. 2 the compliance behavior of the expansion system according to the invention is again clarified. The outer ring of the expansion unit 3 shows the situation before the convergence. Here, the annular expansion unit 3 has an outer diameter D1, for example, 13,000 cm. The inner representation of the expansion unit 3 illustrates the situation after the convergence. The expansion unit 3 has been reduced by telescoping the Gleitprofilabschnitte 10 and the Gleitverbindungsprofils 14 to a diameter of 12,200 cm. At the same time, the upsetting elements 6 have absorbed load and have been squeezed together. An upsetting element before the load and after the load bearing show the FIGS. 5a) and 5b ).

Reference numerals:

1 -

rock bolts

2 -

delay element

3 -

expansion unit

4 -

arc segment

5 -

Concrete body

6 -

upsetting element

7 -

Girder section

7 '-

Girder section

7 "-

Girder section

8th -

End of 7

9 -

End of 7

10 -

Gleitprofilabschnitt

11 -

Rod

12 -

Rod

13 -

diagonal strut

14 -

Gleitverbindungsprofil

15 -

connecting area

16 -

sliding connection

17 -

top flap

18 -

under tab

19 -

pipe section

20 -

plate

21 -

anchor plate

G -

mountains

D1 -

diameter

D2 -

diameter

Claims (10)

Development system for underground tunnels or routes, comprising in the mountains (G) tense rock anchors (1) and in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or the distance spaced expansion units (3), which are composed of mutually resiliently connected arc segments (4) and a concrete body (5) and integrated compression elements (6), characterized in that an arc segment (4) comprises a lattice girder section (7, 7 ', 7 ") and a sliding profile section (10) joined at the end to the lattice girder section (7, 7', 7"). , in particular a trough profile section, wherein the rock anchors (1) are set through the lattice girder sections (7, 7 ', 7 "). Fitting system according to claim 1, characterized in that at both ends (8, 9) of the lattice girder section (7) a sliding profile section (10) is provided. Fitting system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two arc segments (4) are coupled together incorporating a Gleitverbindungsprofils (16). Fitting system according to claim 3, characterized in that the sliding profile section (10) of an arcuate segment (4) and a Gleitverbindungsprofil (14) overlap in the connection region (15) and via Gleitverbindungsmittel (16) are interconnected, the expansion unit (3) by telescoping the slide profile section (10) and the Gleitverbindungsprofils (14) can yield. Building system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wall of the limiting mountain (G) is provided with a shotcrete layer. Expansion system according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wall of the limiting Mountains (G) with default elements (2), in particular Baustahl- or delay mats or wire mesh, is provided. Building system according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lattice girder section (7 ") is designed as a four-belt grid and the rock anchors (1) between the two at the mountains (G) adjacent rods (11) are set. Expansion system according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between two longitudinally adjacent expansion units (3) spacer elements are incorporated. Expansion system according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a plurality of compression elements (6) are arranged offset to one another on a pitch circle. Building system according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or the route a plurality of compression elements (6) are arranged in a row successively.

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