DE4102266C1 - Multilayer resilient roadway or tunnel lining - has temporary lining reinforced by heavy duty textile fabric roller mats - Google Patents

Abstract

The multi-shell, flexible lining is for long duration very deep cavities in tunnels or mine roadways. The first shell, as a temporary liner, is of sprayed concrete and radially disposed anchors. A second layer is of less solid material sandwiched between the first one and a final concrete layer. The temporary layer is reinforced by heavy duty fabric roll mats (5) secured by anchors (7), which also fix individual elements (4, 16) of flexible curved panels (3). The second layer between the temporary one and another heavy duty, flexible fabric roll mat (10), consists of foam mortar. Spacing adapters (9) together with flat iron (18), secure the roll mat to the ends of the anchors. ADVANTAGE - Reduced erection cost, resistant to high pressure, and reduced damage of break-through.

Description

The invention relates to a multi-layer, nachgie development for long-lasting cavities of the underground mining and tunneling, especially in large teu fen, its first expansion shell as a preliminary expansion at least from shotcrete and radially placed anchors a second delayed expansion shell from less solid material and the final out construction shell made of concrete.

As in "Glückauf" 122 (1986) No. 2, page 111 wrote, it is known to have long-lasting mine rooms to train in multiple shells. After making one Free space, for example through conventional opening drive or through a tunneling machine (part cutting machine) this space is avoided of peeling up the mountains and also from Security reasons for the on-site workforce consolidated with shotcrete and beyond who introduced the anchor.  

In a further expansion phase, a second expansion will take place construction shell in the form of a lean concrete layer brings. Subsequently, a flexible expansion in Form of flexible concrete panels introduced. Dar moreover, it is known from practice instead of the concrete panel expansion a flexible sliding arch installing, sealing and backfilled with concrete.

The previously known multi-layer expansion lies the main disadvantage in the small spatial and time interval of the first introduced Consolidation step and follow the others the expansion steps, causing mutual interference and influencing work processes is inevitable. Nevertheless, counteracting the peeling can of the mountains and early convergence not to the extent can be achieved that the subsequent expansion shells are loaded to a high degree. The part wise deformation or destruction of the expansion is in With regard to the later construction of the routes and lowering the soles associated with high costs and always turns out to be a significant disruptive factor for general mining operations.

In contrast, the object of the invention reasons, a multi-layer compliant expansion for long-lasting cavities of underground mining and doing nelbaus of the generic type to specify the ko is less expensive to manufacture, the high pressure influence withstands the expansion trays delayed can be brought in, and its provisional expansion shell already sufficient, the opening of the Ge Birges prevents expansion resistance.  

According to the invention, this object is achieved by that the preliminary expansion with high-performance textile Lattice fabric roll mats is reinforced, which to the Ends of the injection anchors fastened, light and out Compliant arches made of individual elements are supported that more from the face high-performance textile ropes in one acute angle to the injek placed along the longitudinal axis tion anchor are provided and that the second Removal shell from one, between the temporary out construction and other high-performance textile roll mats brought compliant material, such as foam mortar stands, whereby for fastening the Hochlei Textile roll mat at the ends of the injection device ker adapter to be provided, the spacers between the high-performance textile roll mats and the preliminary Form expansion, are provided, and that the Hochlei Textile roll mats at least using flat iron are supported at least over the route circumference.

After creating the appropriate free space by driving up in a conventional manner or also by means of a partial cutting machine first the free space by means of a seat device installed cap roof secured. On the prefabricated, made of swiveling against each other Individual elements of existing canopy roofs is one High-performance textile mesh roll mat provided. For a given distance using spacers of the Cap roof to the mountains through the setting device the area of the roof, i.e. H. by the cape Pendach covered area, conson lidid. With further loading of the pile who the step segments from top to bottom  when unrolling the high-performance textile git used fabric roll mat attached. Then in radial circumferential direction of the route through inside holes provided for easy expansion and correspond holes in the mountains injection anchors, at for example, high-performance textile anchors set. On finally they will be attached to the side of the roof areas of impact up to the sole with shotcrete consolidated.

Especially when mountains are empty, they become a conso Ridging of the mountains in the face, mainly in the area of the line top, in the approach direction in at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis additional injection anchors made of high-performance textile brought in ropes. The length of such anchors depends on the local conditions.

Injecting in advance of the route to be driven with jagged or disturbed mountains as well as with water-bearing loose rock with long anchors and results primarily in high-performance textile rope anchors in the roof and in the joints, but also in the Sole, great stability. So ahead fixed, solid roof prevents additional outbreaks, allows savings of backfill concrete and limits beyond the risk of accident. Can also on this way, the run-up performance through longer Cutting and blasting discounts are increased.

Such an off consisting of several shells Above all, construction can be done with larger cross sections be used when first an exploration tube or pilot tube for a road trip in Kalot construction is required. The later after  cutting or blasting is easy because for the like cases the high performance textile anchors used and mats can also be cut, even the light one Line expansion can be made from fiberglass reinforced high-strength made of plastic who is able to handle the train, To absorb pressure and bending forces.

This procedure offers great application possibilities at the cost of conventional There is no prepayment or robbery.

This expansion system can help, in particular in the manufacture of S- u. Subway tunnels near the Surface from the open construction to the closed his mining method to go over with it also the unusually strong road traffic disruptions avoid.

Even when driving the shield and making advance decisions dung, i.e. in advance of the tube to be opened or Tunnels can include types of soil such as sand, gravel and marl are solidified via injection anchors, and it can a protective jacket is produced by the solidification will. The protective coat helps the Firstab to avoid cuts and also sets waterproof roof. For the insertion of long Heavy duty textile rope anchors in soft layers to prevent the holes from closing, Hollow tubes with core cutting edges can be used. The Pipes are sucked off after the drilling process or Drilling and rinsing free of drilling material. The Pipes are then about 10 cm deep withdrawn. Then the Hochlei Textile rope anchor introduced for injection.  

These anchors have holding devices at the tip on the deepest in the free space in the borehole clamp. Then the pipe is pulled and the soft layers of soil form around the pipe a loosened layer with a concrete suspension or synthetic resin pressed and solidified becomes. The borehole mouth of such boreholes must be removed be sealed speaking.

Depending on the local conditions, the canopy due to the larger diameter of the hollow tubes, Injek anchor with a larger inner core, where necessary the cavity of the enlarged Inner soul can be reinforced, for example by Basket-like braid insert.

This consolidation system can be part of one more shell-like expansion in many types of buildings partially or with additional shells men.

The expansion shell built on site yields one resilient and the initial convergence counteracting expansion, which one of the route such stability enables the others Removal trays made at such a distance can be that mutual interference completely be switched.

At a distance behind the line jacking in un the final route expansion or introduced further expansion trays. First of all on the ends of the anchors, which have a special training need, easily deformable adapters put on sets that allow distance from that in the  first phase brought in a slight expansion To carry high performance textile roll mat, the additional Lich by a ge connectable with the adapters perforated flat iron are supported.

The one between easy expansion and this High-performance textile roll mat resulting cavity is with a flexible filling material, for example wise a foam mortar, filled, with additional in or in front of this cavity to form an additional buffers compared to mountain movements common reinforcement mat can be inserted.

Then z. B. with a movable formwork carriage the final concrete construction was introduced. The one from Seg elements with or without reinforcement exhibits compliance elements between the segments on. Not just on a circular route Cross section, but also when arching, the Sole, if necessary, with a sole conclude.

Adapting to given local conditions can the individual expansion trays, especially the second expansion shell, designed differently will.

The combination of the expansion trays with inclusion of predefined, new or alternatively insertable Steps, results in a stable expansion, which at Avoiding follow-up costs long-lasting and resistant is capable.

An embodiment of the expansion according to the invention systems is shown in the drawings and will explained in more detail below.  

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional distance in the suburb area with partially incorporated of easy removal and consolidated ridges,

Fig. 2 shows a cross section with the first expansion phase completely shown and

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a route with a fully installed expansion system in section.

In Fig. 1 is a section through a train in the suburban area, the first expansion phase Darge provides, the exposed ridges of a route 1 through a prefabricated canopy 14 , which by a setting device 15 z. B. is held in the form of Fangschie NEN, is secured.

On the prefabricated canopy 14 , the distance to the mountains 2 is regulated by spacers 19 , a high-performance textile grid fabric roll mat 5 is laid, the ends of which are rolled up and adapted to the later state of charge on site by rolling.

With the cap roof 14 supported by the setting device 15 , the ridge area is consolidated by spraying clay 6 . The light expansion 3 , which is composed of ridge sections 4 and butt sections 16 , as shown in FIG. 2, is resiliently designed and is provided over the circumference with holes through which holes are made for setting anchors 7 . The use of high-performance textile rope anchors or other plastic anchors is particularly recommended if the driven section 1 is to be expanded later, or if the section 1 is a pilot or exploration tube that requires later re-cutting. Before the complete consolidation over the circumference of the route, anchors are set, via which the distance is determined in the joint areas with the aid of spacers 19 between the expansion and the mountains.

The first expansion phase is ended when finally Lich from the working face, in particular in the area of the roof in correspondingly drilled boreholes 8 over a length of, for example, 10 m anchors in the form of high-performance textile cables. The injection anchors are inserted at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the route and reinforce the rock strata around the route, especially when the mountains are clear.

FIG. 3 shows a section through a section 1 of the completed expansion after the introduction of the second expansion phase.

At the ends of the anchors 7, for example in the form of high-performance textile ropes, adapters 9 are brought up which are required to hold a high-performance textile roll mat 10 . Between the high-performance textile roll mat 10 , which is supported by flat iron 18 at least over the circumference and the lightweight construction 3 , there is a cavity which is filled with a flexible filling material 12 , for example with foam mortar.

The high-performance textile roll mat 10 can be supported on the track side by a further reinforcement mat 11 . Alternatively, it is possible to insert the reinforcement mat 11 into the flexible filling material 12 .

After the flexible filling material has been introduced, the flexible expansion is finally introduced, for example the concrete lining 13 . This expansion 13 can be introduced in a known manner with formwork carriages. Between the formed with or without reinforcement segments of the concrete structure 13 resilience elements 17 are provided. The expansion system is conceivable for any kind of underground cavities, such as lines, shafts, bunkers or the like, where stability and durability are important.

Reference symbol list

1 route
2 mountains
3 removal (easy)
4 section (expansion)
5 high performance textile roll mat
6 shotcrete (consolidation)
7 injection anchors (radial)
8 holes (ridges)
9 adapters
10 high performance textile roll mat
11 reinforcement mat
12 flexible filling material (foam mortar)
13 Concrete finishing
14 cap roof
15 setting device
16 joint segment
17 compliance element
18 flat bars
19 spacers

Claims (6)

1. Multi-layer, flexible expansion for long-lasting cavities of underground mining and tunneling, especially in large depths, the first expansion shell as a preliminary expansion, at least from shotcrete and radially placed anchors, a second time delay before the expansion shell made of less solid material and the final expansion shell Concrete consists, characterized in that the provisional expansion with high-performance textile mesh roll mats ( 5 ) is reinforced, which are supported by flexible and consisting of individual elements ( 4 , 16 ) flexible expansion arches ( 3 ) attached to the ends of the injection anchors ( 7 ) that from the face of further stung textile ropes from Hochlei existing at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the injection anchor are seen before and that the second expansion shell from egg nem, between the preliminary expansion and other high-performance textile roll mats ( 10 ) introduced compliant material, such as show mmörtel exists, where to attach the high-performance textile roll mats ( 10 ) at the ends of the injection anchor ( 7 ) to be used adapters ( 9 ), which form spacers between the high-performance textile roll mats ( 10 ) and the provisional expansion, are provided, and that the high Power textile roll mats ( 10 ) are supported at least by means of flat iron ( 18 ) at least over the circumference of the route. 2. Extension according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual elements ( 4 , 16 ) of the arch extension for the section-wise connection to a prefabricated, with means of a setting device ( 15 ) settable cap roof ( 14 ) are provided. 3. Construction according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in the filling material cross section, a flexible reinforcing mat (11), in particular a high performance textile mat roll (11) is provided. 4. Expansion according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as additional support of the high-performance textile roll mat ( 10 ) on the stretch side a resilient reinforcement mat ( 11 ) is hen vorgese. 5. Expansion according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the final concrete lining ( 13 ) from be placed behind a formwork in-situ concrete be. 6. Expansion according to claim 5, characterized in that the concrete lining ( 13 ) is reinforced.