WO2011057481A1 - 低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机 - Google Patents

低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011057481A1
WO2011057481A1 PCT/CN2010/070654 CN2010070654W WO2011057481A1 WO 2011057481 A1 WO2011057481 A1 WO 2011057481A1 CN 2010070654 W CN2010070654 W CN 2010070654W WO 2011057481 A1 WO2011057481 A1 WO 2011057481A1
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Prior art keywords
crankcase
piston
intake
noise
air compressor
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PCT/CN2010/070654
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
耿爱农
陈君立
阮勤江
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浙江鸿友压缩机制造有限公司
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Publication of WO2011057481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011057481A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/12Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0804Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B27/0821Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of air compressors, and relates to noise control of compressors, in particular to low noise technology and structure of oil-free lubricating air compressors.
  • Air compressors are a very widely used electromechanical product, however, it has been found that air compressors tend to generate a lot of noise when working. Studies have shown that the noise of the compressor is mainly derived from intake noise, exhaust noise and mechanical noise, and the generation of these noises depends to a large extent on the specific structure of the compressor. Taking the reciprocating piston type oil-free lubricating air compressor widely used in recent years as an example, the noise emitted by it has a great relationship with its structure.
  • the compressor has a cylinder 1, a piston 2, a connecting rod 3, a crankshaft 4 and a crankcase 5, wherein the piston 2 is provided with a sealing ring or a sealing cup 2a made of a self-lubricating material, and the piston 2 is placed in the cylinder 1 and reciprocally moved with the cylinder 1.
  • One end of the cylinder 1 is fixedly mounted on the crankcase 5.
  • the other end of the cylinder 1 is fastened with a valve seat 6a, a cylinder head 6b is connected to the valve seat 6a, and an air cleaner 7 is connected to the cylinder head 6b.
  • One end of the rod 3 is fastened or integrally formed with the piston 2, and the other end of the connecting rod 3 (ie, the big end) is rotatably fitted on the crankshaft 4 via an oil bearing.
  • the crankshaft 4 is provided with a balance block 8 by the cylinder. 1.
  • the piston 2 and the valve seat 6a and the like together form a compressor working chamber 1a.
  • the compressor does not need to add lubricating oil during operation, so that the crankcase 5 does not need to store lubricating oil, so the compressor has hitherto been used.
  • the crankcase 5 is completely opened without exception. Structure, due to the high-pressure air output of oil-and maintenance is very convenient, it is kind of oil-free air compressor has been very rapid development.
  • the above-mentioned oil-free lubricating air compressor has an urgent problem to be solved, which is that it generates a large noise during operation.
  • the main reasons are as follows: 1) The structure of the compressor does not meet the low noise requirement, specifically It is said that the crankcase 5 with its open structure is very disadvantageous for controlling noise, because the open crankcase 5 causes the piston 2, the connecting rod 3, the crankshaft 4 and the balance block 8 to be exposed or semi-naked. As a result, the mechanical noise generated by the moving parts and the gas noise generated by the agitation and slamming of the air are easily radiated outward, and the open crankcase 5 also weakens the overall rigidity of the compressor, and increases the crankcase 5 and the cylinder. 1.
  • the oil-free lubricating air compressor is also provided with an intake silencer chamber 9 in the cylinder head 6b, and an intake port 10 and an intake check valve 11 are provided on the valve seat 6a, and the intake path is: the outside Air ⁇ air filter 7 ⁇ intake muffler chamber 9 ⁇ intake port 10 ⁇ intake check valve 11 ⁇ cylinder working chamber 1a, although the intake muffler chamber 9 can also be disposed in the air cleaner 7, Whether in the cylinder head 6b or in the air cleaner 7, the volume of the intake muffler chamber 9 is inevitably limited and cannot be made large.
  • the intake noise belongs to a gas pulsation noise with a very wide frequency distribution.
  • One of the most effective ways to reduce the weakening is to use a large muffling volume, that is, using the so-called “resistance and anti-sound principle" for muffling. Obviously, the volume can not be made larger, and the above-mentioned intake muffler 9 is eliminated. The sound effect is poor and does not meet the requirements of low intake noise.
  • the invention aims at the defect that the existing oil-free lubricating air compressor has large noise, and proposes a low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor, aiming at effectively reducing the mechanical noise and the intake noise of the compressor through structural improvement, thereby making the compression
  • the overall noise of the machine can be controlled at a lower level.
  • Low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor including cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and crankcase.
  • the piston is placed in the cylinder and is in motion with the cylinder.
  • One end of the cylinder is fixedly mounted on the crankcase, and the other end of the cylinder is tight.
  • a valve seat is fixedly coupled to the crankcase, and a crankcase cover is coupled to the crankcase, the crankcase cover and the crankcase together participate in forming a crankcase intake anechoic chamber, and the crankcase intake anechoic chamber includes one or more expansions
  • the anechoic chamber, the crankcase intake anechoic chamber is connected to the compressor working chamber through an air inlet and an intake check valve provided on the piston or on the valve seat or at the same time on the piston and the valve seat.
  • One or more of the expansion muffler chambers of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber described above are disposed on the crankcase cover or on the casing of the crankcase cover.
  • the inside of one or more of the expansion muffling chambers of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber described above is provided with a sound absorbing material or a sound absorbing material.
  • One or more of the expansion muffler chambers of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber described above are in the form of a long channel or labyrinth channel.
  • crankcase intake muffler chamber is provided with an anti-intake anti-injection check valve on the intake passage communicating with the outside atmosphere.
  • the inner wall surface of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber is provided with one or more structural forms of a pothole, a pit, a boss, a ridge or a sound absorbing layer, and a sound absorbing pad.
  • each of the cylinders has a V-shaped layout or a linearly opposed layout or a misaligned opposing layout.
  • crankshaft has a spline-like or spline-like shape at the crank portion that engages with the bearing at the large end of the connecting rod.
  • the rod body of the above-mentioned connecting rod is provided with a heat insulating hole or a heat insulating groove.
  • the piston described above is fastened with fasteners that are biased relative to the axis of the piston.
  • the above-mentioned piston uses a fastener that is raised relative to the top surface of the piston, and when the piston is moved to the vicinity of the top dead center and the top dead center, the top of the fastener protrudes into the vent hole of the valve seat or the collision avoidance pit.
  • the invention adopts the structural scheme of connecting the crankcase cover on the crankcase, so that the piston, the connecting rod, the crankshaft and even the balance block no longer exhibit a bare or semi-naked state, and as a result, the mechanical noise generated by the moving parts and the agitation thereof
  • the gas noise generated by the slamming air is effectively trapped in the crankcase intake muffler chamber, thus greatly reducing the magnitude of the noise radiated outward, while the crankcase cover also strengthens the rigidity of the crankcase and reduces the crankcase.
  • the deformation and jitter of the cylinder, valve seat and cylinder head can reduce the mechanical noise of the compressor.
  • the invention adopts the crankcase as the structural scheme of the intake anechoic chamber, and the noise reduction volume is far more than the volume of the intake anechoic chamber of the air compressor of the same class of the same type, so that the intake air can be weakened more effectively Gas pulsation noise generated by the flow; in addition, a sound absorbing material or a sound absorbing material is disposed in the expansion muffler cavity of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber, and the shape of the expansion anechoic cavity is made into a growth channel or a labyrinth channel structure, in the crankshaft
  • the inner wall surface of the air intake anechoic chamber of the box is provided with one or more structural forms of pits, pits, bosses, ridges or sound absorbing layers, sound absorbing pads, and anti-intake anti-spray is arranged on the air inlet
  • the one-way valve and the like can effectively absorb or weaken the intake noise and the intake reverse-spray noise, so the intake noise of the compressor can be reduced
  • the invention adopts a double cylinder and a double piston structure. Under the premise that the working volume of the single cylinder of the compressor and the total displacement are constant, the working speed of the compressor can be reduced by half, thereby greatly reducing the mechanical impact of each movement pair. Strength; the part of the crankshaft and the bearing of the big end of the connecting rod is made into a spline-like or spline-like shape, and an insulating hole or a heat insulating groove is arranged on the rod body of the connecting rod, so that the bearing of the big end of the connecting rod can be prevented from swimming due to overheating.
  • the gap is increased, so that the mechanical noise of the bearing can be reduced; the fastening position of the fastener of the piston is offset with respect to the axis of the piston, which can effectively prevent the mechanical impact noise generated by the loosening of the piston assembly, thereby reducing the compression.
  • Mechanical noise of the machine
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art reciprocating piston type oil-free lubricating air compressor
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the reciprocating piston oil-free lubricating air compressor of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the low noise oil free lubricating air compressor of the present invention shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the expansion muffler chamber provided on the crankcase cover of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view showing the assembly of the components of the expansion muffler chamber and the air filter device of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention shown in Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an expansion muffling chamber provided on a casing cover of a crankcase cover of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the anti-intake anti-injection check valve of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a labyrinth passage provided on a crankcase of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view showing an anti-intake anti-injection check valve and a long passage on a crankcase of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a labyrinth passage provided on a crankcase cover of a low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a K-direction view of the crankcase cover of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention shown in Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view showing the crankcase end face of the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention in which the inner end surface of the crankcase is provided with a pothole;
  • Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the crankcase of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention shown in Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view showing the crankcase end face of the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention in which the inner end surface of the crankcase is provided with a pit;
  • Figure 16 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a crankcase in which an inner end surface and an inner side surface of a crankcase of a low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention are provided with a boss;
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the dual-cylinder double-piston and the main and auxiliary connecting rods of the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention
  • 18 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention using a misaligned opposed dual-cylinder double-piston and a divided-track driving scheme;
  • 19 is a schematic view showing the axial measurement of the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention using a misaligned opposed double-cylinder double-piston and a divided-track driving scheme;
  • Figure 20 is a perspective view of the piston rod assembly of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention shown in Figure 19;
  • Figure 21 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the piston of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention using a fastener biasing fastening structure;
  • Figure 22 is a left side elevational view of the piston rod assembly of Figure 21;
  • Figure 23 is a perspective view showing the piston rod assembly of the piston of the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention using a fastener biased fastening structure.
  • the name, function and figure of the components in the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention inherit the existing reciprocating piston type oil-free lubricating air compressor shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, including the cylinder. 1.
  • the piston 2 may be an integral piston or a split piston.
  • the components 2 such as the piston cover and the piston body may be fastened together by the fastener 2b.
  • the fastener 2b may be a screw, a bolt, an expansion nail or a rivet, etc.; one end of the cylinder 1 is fixedly mounted on the crankcase 5, and the other end of the cylinder 1 is fastened with a valve seat 6a, a valve A cylinder head 6b is connected to the seat 6a.
  • the valve seat 6a and the cylinder head 6b may be integrally formed.
  • the valve seat 6a may be a part of the cylinder head 6b;
  • the crankshaft 4 includes a crank and a straight shaft.
  • One end of the connecting rod 3 can be combined with the piston 2 It can of course also be connected with the piston 2 by means of a fastening connection or as a whole with the piston 2 (as shown) (the shaft is not shown), and the other end of the connecting rod 3 is directly rotatably fitted to the crankshaft.
  • the crank portion of 4 is rotatably mounted on the crankshaft 4 by a bearing; the crankshaft 4 is provided with a weight 8 which can be integrally formed with the crankshaft 4, for example, the weight 8 can be integrally formed with the crank portion of the crankshaft 4. Then, it is connected with the straight shaft portion of the crankshaft 4 (as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7).
  • the crankshaft 4 is a so-called split type crankshaft;
  • the balance block 8 has two layout forms: one layout is the balance block 8 Arranged within the crankcase 5 together with the crank portion on the crankshaft 4 (as shown), another arrangement is that the counterweight 8 is disposed outside the crankcase 5 with the straight shaft portion on the crankshaft 4 (not shown)
  • a compressor working chamber 1a is formed by the cylinder 1, the piston 2, the valve seat 6a and various valve plates, seals, and intake and exhaust ports;
  • a crankcase cover 12 is coupled to the crankcase 5, the crankshaft
  • the cover 12 and the crankcase 5 together participate in the enclosure to form a crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13
  • the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 includes one or more expansion anechoic chambers
  • the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 is disposed through the piston 2
  • the air inlet 10 and the air inlet check valve 11 provided on the valve seat 6a or at the same time on the piston 2
  • crankcase cover 12 is provided. It may be a whole or a combination of several small pieces. The material may be metal material or non-metal material.
  • crankcase cover 12 and the crankcase 5 there are cylinder 1, piston 2 and crankshaft 4.
  • the crankshaft bearing and various seals participate in the enclosure to form the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13; it should also be noted that seals such as sealant and gasket may be provided at the junction of the crankcase cover 12 and the crankcase 5.
  • crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 allows it to communicate with various types of ports, air passages, breathing ports and the like, and if the crankcase intake anechoic chamber is formed 13 expansion anechoic cavity if more than one However, they can be collated with each other or independently of each other; obviously, the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 encloses the crank portion of the connecting rod 3 and the crankshaft 4 therein, if the balancing block 8 is disposed in the crankcase 5 The inside will also be enclosed together in the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13; in addition, the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 can be connected to the outside atmosphere either through the air filter 7 or without air filtration.
  • the contact interface of the device 7 can be opened on the crankcase 5 or on the crankcase cover 12; it is easy to see that another difference between the present invention and the existing reciprocating piston type oil-free lubricating air compressor is the intake path.
  • the air inlet 10 and the air inlet check valve 11 of the present invention may be separately disposed on the valve seat 6a or separately on the piston 2 or on both the valve seat 6a and the piston 2, if in the valve
  • the seat 6a is provided with an air inlet 10 and an intake check valve 11 (as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4), and the cylinder head 6b can be connected to the crankcase intake muffler chamber 13 by the suction passage 14.
  • the air passage 14 may be an external conduit or a passage opening on the cylinder of the cylinder 1, and In the cylinder head 6b, the intake muffler chamber 9 or the muffler chamber may be provided.
  • an intake path of the compressor is: outside atmosphere ⁇ air filter 7 ⁇ crankcase intake muffler chamber 13 ⁇ suction Air passage 14 ⁇ intake silencer chamber 9 ⁇ intake port 10 on valve seat 6a ⁇ intake check valve 11 ⁇ cylinder working chamber 1a; and if piston 2 is provided with intake port 10 and intake check valve 11 (as shown in Figures 8 to 10), the intake path of the compressor is relatively simple: external atmosphere ⁇ air filter 7 ⁇ crankcase intake silencer chamber 13 ⁇ intake port 10 on piston 2 ⁇ Intake check valve 11 ⁇ cylinder working chamber 1a, both of the above-mentioned intake paths are assumed to use an air cleaner 7, wherein the air filter 7 may have various structural forms, which will not be described herein; Obviously, the intake port 10 and the intake check valve 11 interconnect the crankcase intake an
  • the air muffling chamber 9 substantially constitutes a part of the suction passage 14, wherein the function of the intake check valve 11 is to prevent entry into the compressor working chamber 1a
  • the air is rumbling or back-spraying back to the intake passage 14 or the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13; it is particularly noted that the number of cylinders 1 may be one or more, and accordingly the number of pistons 2 may also be One or more, in addition, the axis of the cylinder 1 may be a vertical layout, a horizontal layout or a slanted layout, and the vertical layout is a so-called vertical layout, and the horizontal layout is a so-called horizontal layout.
  • the inclined layout is a so-called oblique layout;
  • the material of the seal ring or the sealing cup 2a in the present invention is various existing oil-free lubricating air including polytetrafluoroethylene, filled with polytetrafluoroethylene, and the like. Since the self-lubricating material used in the compressor adopts a self-lubricating sealing material, the compressor of the present invention can provide high-quality compressed air substantially free of oil, and more importantly, the compressor of the present invention basically does not consume lubricating oil. According to the definition of relevant standards, the compressor of the present invention belongs to the category of oil-free lubricating air compressor, but this does not mean that it is absolutely free of oil, because each bearing can contain a certain amount of lubricating oil or grease. .
  • the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 in the low noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention includes one or more expansion anechoic chambers, and the main portion of the expansion anechoic chamber, that is, the anechoic volume, can be directly on the casing of the crankcase 5.
  • the structure can also be constructed on the crankcase cover 12, and the muffling volume can be constructed on the crankcase 5 and the crankcase cover 12 respectively, and then assembled; in particular, the crankcase intake is eliminated. It is also possible to provide one or more expansion muffler chambers of the acoustic chamber 13 on the crankcase cover 12 or on the casing 15 of the crankcase cover 12, as is shown in Figures 5 and 7.
  • the advantage of this is that the modification of the compressor will be more convenient, and the expansion muffler cavity will also become easy to manufacture; the expansion muffler cavity is disposed on the crankcase cover 12 or the cover 15 as an external or embedded expansion muffler cavity, so-called
  • the plug-in type means that the main muffling volume of the expansion muffler chamber is not placed in the casing of the crankcase 5.
  • the so-called embedded means that the main muffling volume of the expansion muffler chamber is placed in the casing of the crankcase 5. It should be noted that outer The present invention is considered to be part of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13; FIG.
  • the assembly 50 includes a crankcase cover 12, a cover 15, a filter cover 15b, an air filter 15c and a spacer 17, wherein the cover 15 is provided with a mesh grille 15a, a vent hole 17a is reserved on the gasket 17, a communication hole 13a is disposed on the crankcase cover 12, and a labyrinth channel 16a is further disposed on the casing 15.
  • the air intake path through the assembly 50 is: outside atmosphere ⁇ filter Cover 15b ⁇ air filter 15c ⁇ mesh grille 15a on the cover 15 ⁇ labyrinth passage 16a ⁇ vent hole 17a on the spacer 17 ⁇ long passage 16b on the crankcase cover 12 or expansion muffler chamber ⁇ communication hole 13a ⁇ crankcase
  • the expansion muffling chamber in 5 as described above, the expansion muffing cavity on the crankcase cover 12 and the expansion muffing cavity of the crankshaft 3 and the crank of the crankshaft 4 in the crankcase 5 belong to the crankcase intake muffling 13 (they are the same in the figure), they can be taken between Communicate the communication hole 13a, the communication hole 13a may be a hole of various shapes, notches, or grooves, which number can be set as desired.
  • the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention can provide a sound absorbing material or a sound absorbing material inside one or more expansion muffing chambers of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 in order to obtain better sound absorption and noise reduction effects.
  • these sound absorbing materials or sound absorbing materials may be made of materials used in the prior art, including various sponge-like, foam-like, fibrous, porous, and cotton-like materials and composite materials.
  • the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention can form a growth passage or a labyrinth passage for the shape of one or more expansion muffing chambers of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13
  • the structure is such that when the acoustic sonic path of the noise is blocked and attenuated, its energy is consumed and attenuated; the long channel or labyrinth channel can be placed in any of the crankcase 5, the crankcase cover 12 and the casing 15
  • the yoke channel 16a shown in FIG. 6 is disposed on the casing 15 in any combination on the components or on the components.
  • FIG. 9 is also the long channel 16b and the long channel shown in FIG. 16b is directly constructed on the casing of the crankcase 5. Further, the long passage 16b shown in Fig. 6 and the labyrinth passage 16a shown in Figs. 11 and 12 are all disposed on the crankcase cover 12, wherein Figure 12 is a view in the direction of the K direction of Figure 11 with the cover 15 removed.
  • the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention is provided with a gas back-spraying flow noise caused by the intake pulsation, in particular, in the intake port of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 communicating with the outside atmosphere.
  • a gas back-spraying flow noise caused by the intake pulsation, in particular, in the intake port of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 communicating with the outside atmosphere.
  • an anti-intake anti-injection check valve is provided. 18 is one of the effective means for reducing the anti-injection noise of the intake air.
  • the anti-intake anti-injection check valve 18 may be provided one or more, and may be arranged in the middle section of the intake passage (not shown) or may be arranged.
  • the inlet may be a long passage 16b (as shown in Figures 9 and 10) or a short passage. Even just left the crossing 1 3b (shown in Figures 8 and 11), when the air inlet is a long passage 16b, there may be two (see Fig. 9) or even more crossings 13b (not shown), and the crossing 13b may even
  • the communication holes 13a belong to a single channel; in addition, the port 13b may be present on the crankcase 5 (see Figs. 8 and 9) or on the crankcase cover 12 (see Figs.
  • the port 13b may be Holes of various shapes such as round holes, flat holes and other irregular holes may also be formed into grooves of various shapes or even notched shapes; it is also to be noted that the anti-intake anti-injection check valve 18 is It can be mounted on the crankcase 5 (as shown in Figures 8 to 10) or on the crankcase cover 12 (as shown in Figure 11). In addition, not every port 13b needs to be equipped with anti-intake anti-injection.
  • the structure and material of the one-way valve 18 and the anti-intake anti-injection check valve 18 can adopt various structures and materials in the prior art, such as a sheet valve shape, a needle valve shape, a butterfly valve shape, etc., and the material thereof can be metal.
  • the material may also be other non-metallic materials; apparently by providing an anti-intake anti-spray check valve 18, only air is allowed from the outside atmosphere One-way flow into the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 and not from the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 to the outside atmosphere, so the intake reverse pulsation noise can be reduced, however, it must be noted that the anti-intake anti-injection
  • the check valve 18 inevitably has mass inertia, manufacturing error, assembly error and material defects, so that a small amount of gas back spray is allowed.
  • the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention is provided with a pothole 19, a pit 20, and a boss 21 particularly in the inner wall surface of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 in this embodiment.
  • One or more structural forms (one or any combination of these structural forms) of the ridge, the sound absorbing layer, and the sound absorbing pad, the inner wall surface of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 includes the inner end surface of the crankcase 5. 5a and inner side 5b (see FIGS.
  • the distribution of the pothole 19 may be in the form of a crater or a
  • the shape of the hole of the pothole 19 may be a circular pit, a triangular pit, a rectangular pit, an elliptical pit or other various shaped pits, and the depth direction of the pothole 19 may be a regular or irregular shape.
  • the depths of the holes 19 may be identical or inconsistent, and the size of each of the holes 19 may be the same or different.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the pit 20 may be a circular arc groove, a triangular groove, a rectangular groove, an elliptical groove or other various shaped grooves.
  • the depth of the groove 20 may be uniform or inconsistent, and each piece may be inconsistent.
  • the size and length of the pits 20 may be the same or different.
  • the greater the number of the pits 20, the better the attenuation effect on the intake noise; the distribution of the bosses 21 may be in the form of a dispersion or a different display.
  • the boss 21 may be a cylindrical boss, a triangular column boss, a rectangular column boss, an elliptical cylindrical boss or any other special-shaped cylindrical boss.
  • the height of the boss 21 may be uniform or inconsistent, and each boss The size of 21 may be the same or different.
  • the boss 21 may also be a variety of frustum or tapered peaks, and if the boss 21 is formed into a shape having a certain length, it is called The ridges (not shown), it is obvious that the more the number of the bosses 21, the better the attenuation effect on the intake noise; in addition, the sound absorbing layer or the laying suction is sprayed on the inner wall surface of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 Sound pad (not shown) ), the energy of the intake noise can also be attenuated, and the sound absorbing layer includes various materials having sound absorbing properties, such as glue, lacquer, powder, and composite paint, etc., and the sound absorbing mat includes various types.
  • crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 Sound absorbing materials, such as paper mats, cloth mats, fiber mats, rubber mats, plastic mats, and composite mats of different materials; etc.; the inner surface of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13 is undoubtedly constructed as described above
  • the intake noise can be gradually attenuated during the continuous reflection and refraction in the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13, and the energy level of the noise is continuously decreased, and finally the probability of the noise radiating to the outside atmosphere can be reduced.
  • the number of cylinders 1 and 2 of the low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor of the present invention may each have one or more.
  • each cylinder is V-shaped or linearly opposed. Layout or misalignment is optimal.
  • the so-called V-shaped layout means that the axes of the two cylinders have a certain angle (not shown), and the axes may or may not intersect;
  • the so-called straight-line layout means
  • the two cylinders are relatively separated on both sides of the crankshaft, and their axes are coaxial (allowing some manufacturing error and assembly error); the so-called misaligned layout means that the two cylinders are relatively separated on the crankshaft.
  • Both sides, and their axes are in a parallel parallel state (allowing certain manufacturing errors and assembly errors); it should be noted that the linear opposite layout and the misaligned opposite layout can drive the piston in the form of main and auxiliary links, as shown in the figure. 17 shows that both ends of the connecting rod 3 are fastened to the piston 2 or they are integrally manufactured, and a sub-link 3a is additionally provided, and one end of the sub-link 3a is rotated and fitted through the bearing structure.
  • the shaft 4 is driven by the crankshaft 4, and the other end of the auxiliary link 3a drives the connecting rod 3 through the shaft pin 3c.
  • the axes of the two cylinders 1 in this embodiment can be in a coaxial state, that is, a linearly opposed state.
  • the misalignment layout can also adopt a conventional driving mode (not shown), in which case two cylinders are misaligned on opposite sides of the crankshaft, two The pistons are each driven by a connecting rod, and the two connecting rods are arranged on the crank of the crankshaft in the axial direction of the crankshaft and are driven by the crankshaft; there is also a scheme for implementing the misaligned opposing layout, that is, the points shown in FIG. 18 to FIG.
  • the middle portion of the connecting rod 3 is formed into a frame structure and two parallel guide rails A, B are arranged in the frame, and the crankshaft 4 is set along the axial direction thereof.
  • the two bearings 22a, 22b, the two bearings 22a, 22b are only individually in contact with one of the two rails A, B, or the rail B, and are driven by the contact rail drive link 3 and the piston 2 Movement, this is the so-called sub-track drive structure,
  • the advantage of implementing the rail drive is that it allows the bearings 22a, 22b to better abut the rails A, B, which effectively eliminates the gap between the bearings 22a, 22b and the rails A, B by pre-compacting, while it The bearing 22a, 22b can be ensured to be in rolling contact with the guide rails A and B.
  • the guide rails A and B may be flat rails or convex rails or concave.
  • the rail may be perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder 1 or may not be perpendicular.
  • a straight groove-shaped restricting groove 23a may be provided on the connecting rod 3, and at the same time in the crankcase. 5, the limit pendulum block 23b is mounted, and the limit pendulum block 23b is inserted into the limit pendulum groove 23a to restrict the swing of the link 3 (allowing a certain swing amplitude to exist).
  • the limit pendulum groove 23a is disposed on the crankcase 5 while The limiting pendulum block 23b is arranged on the connecting rod 3 to obtain the effect of limiting the pendulum.
  • the above-mentioned limiting pendulum 23b can be various cylindrical pins such as a cylindrical pin, a tapered pin and a rectangular pin, and the limiting pendulum block 23b can also be a ball. , bearing or rolling sleeve.
  • crankshaft 4 In order to reduce the mechanical impact noise of the bearing caused by the overheating of the bearing at the big end of the connecting rod, the following measures are taken to: 1) contact the crankshaft 4 with the bearing inner ring of the big end of the connecting rod The crank portion is formed in a spline-like or spline-like shape 4a (as shown in Figs. 8 and 9), thereby reducing the contact area between them, and the heat generated by the rotor of the motor is transmitted through the crankshaft 4 and connected.
  • the fastening position of the fastener 2b of the piston 2 is specifically offset with respect to the piston axis O1 in the present embodiment (see the figure). 21 to Fig. 23), it is well known that the piston 2 of the oil-free lubricating air compressor usually adopts a split-unit type piston, that is, the piston 2 is generally formed by fastening the piston cover plate and the piston body through the fastener 2b, in the piston cover plate.
  • a sealing ring or sealing cup 2a made of a self-lubricating material is disposed between the piston body, and the tightening position of the current fastener 2b is on the axis O1 of the piston 2, thereby having a defect, that is The piston cover plate of the piston 2 is prone to looseness.
  • the reason is that the compressor is in operation due to friction and vibration, etc., causing the seal ring or the sealing cup 2a to have an additional torque about the rotation of the piston axis O1 due to the fastening.
  • the position of the piece 2b is arranged at the center of the piston body, so that its ability to resist the loosening of the piston cover is poor; obviously, the present invention uses the fastener 2b to bias the piston cover with respect to the piston axis O1.
  • the structure of the plate, the offset amount thus formed constitutes a force arm that resists the loosening torque of the piston cover, so that the looseness of the piston cover can be effectively prevented; in addition, the fastener 2b of the piston 2 of the present invention is relatively There may be three states on the top surface of the piston: a raised state, a flat state, and a sunk state, especially for the ridged fastener 2b, in order to prevent it from occurring with the valve seat 6a when the piston 2 is moved to the top dead center and the top dead center.
  • a collision avoidance pit (not shown) may be disposed on the valve seat 6a, so that the top of the fastener 2b can be inserted into the vent hole of the valve seat 6a or the collision avoidance pit; It should be noted that when the piston 2 is provided with the intake port 10 and the intake check valve 11, the fastener 2b can also fasten the intake single valve 11 to the piston cover of the piston 2.
  • the present invention adopts a structural scheme in which the crankcase 5 is connected to the crankcase cover 12, so that the piston 2, the connecting rod 3, the crankshaft 4 and even the balance block 8 are no longer exposed or semi-naked, and as a result, the moving parts are produced.
  • the mechanical noise and the gas noise generated by their agitation and slamming of the air are effectively trapped in the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13, thus greatly reducing the magnitude of the noise radiated outward, while the crankcase cover 12 is also effective.
  • the rigidity of the crankcase 5 is strengthened, and the deformation and the amplitude of the crankcase 5, the cylinder 1, the valve seat 6a and the cylinder head 6b are reduced, so that the mechanical noise of the compressor can be reduced;
  • the present invention adopts a structural scheme with a crankcase intake muffler chamber 13, and since the muffling volume is much larger than that of the existing air compressor of the same class of the same type of air compressor, it can be more effectively
  • the gas pulsation noise generated by the intake air flow is weakened; in addition, a sound absorbing material or a sound absorbing material is disposed in the expansion muffler cavity of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13, and the shape of the expansion anechoic cavity is made into the growth channel 16b or the labyrinth channel 16a.
  • a cavity 19, a pit 20, a boss 21, a ridge, a sound absorbing layer or a sound absorbing pad are arranged on the inner wall surface of the crankcase intake anechoic chamber 13, and an anti-intake anti-inversion is arranged on the intake passage.
  • the spray check valve 18 and the like can also effectively absorb or weaken the intake noise and the intake reverse spray noise, so that the intake noise of the compressor can be reduced;
  • the invention adopts a double cylinder and a double piston structure, and under the premise that the working volume of the single cylinder of the compressor and the total displacement are constant, the working speed of the compressor can be reduced by half, thereby greatly reducing the machinery of each motion pair.
  • Impact strength; a portion of the crankshaft 4 and the large end of the connecting rod 3 is matched with a spline-like or spline-like shape 4a, and an insulating hole or a heat insulating groove 24 is provided on the rod body of the connecting rod to prevent the big end of the connecting rod.
  • the bearing increases due to overheating, so the mechanical noise of the bearing can be reduced; the fastening position of the fastener 2b of the piston 2 is offset with respect to the piston axis O1, which can effectively prevent the piston assembly from loosening and causing mechanical impact. Noise can also reduce the mechanical noise of the compressor.
  • a low-noise oil-free lubricating air compressor that can be used as an air compressor, a special gas compressor, a dehumidifier or a vacuum pump.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Description

低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机
技术领域
  本发明属于空气压缩机技术领域,涉及压缩机的噪声控制,特别涉及无油润滑空气压缩机的低噪声技术及结构。
背景技术
  空气压缩机是一种使用非常广泛的机电产品,然而人们发现,空气压缩机在工作时往往会发出很大的噪声。研究表明,压缩机的噪声主要源自于进气噪声、排气噪声和机械噪声,而这些噪声的产生又在很大程度上取决于压缩机的具体结构。以近年来广泛使用的往复活塞式无油润滑空气压缩机为例,其发出的噪声就与其结构有很大的关系,参见图1和图2,该类压缩机有一气缸1、一活塞2、一连杆3、一曲轴4和曲轴箱5,其中活塞2上配装有用自润性材料制作的密封环或密封皮碗2a,活塞2被安置在气缸1内并与气缸1作往复移动配合,气缸1的一端固定安装在曲轴箱5上,气缸1的另外一端紧固连接有阀座6a,在阀座6a上连接有气缸盖6b,气缸盖6b上连接有空气滤清器7,连杆3的一端与活塞2紧固连接或与其一体制作,连杆3的另一端(即大端)则通过一含油轴承转动地套装在曲轴4上,曲轴4上设置有一平衡块8,由气缸1、活塞2和阀座6a等部件共同围构成一压缩机工作腔1a,上述压缩机在运行过程中无需添加润滑油,因此它的曲轴箱5不用储存润滑油,故迄今为止该类压缩机的曲轴箱5无一例外地全部做成开放式结构,由于输出的高压空气不含油且使用维护十分便利,故该类无油润滑空气压缩机得到了非常迅速的发展。但是,上述无油润滑空气压缩机存在一个亟待解决的问题,这就是它在工作时会发出很大的噪声,究其原因主要为:1)该类压缩机的结构不符合低噪声要求,具体地说就是它采用开放式结构的曲轴箱5对于控制噪声非常不利,这是因为开放式的曲轴箱5导致活塞2、连杆3、曲轴4和平衡块8处在裸露或者半裸露的状态,结果上述运动件产生的机械噪声以及它们搅动和拍击空气所产生的气体噪声极易向外辐射,同时开放式的曲轴箱5还削弱了压缩机的整体刚性,增大了曲轴箱5、气缸1、阀座6a和气缸盖6b的弹性变形量及抖动幅度,无疑也加剧了机械噪声的产生与辐射;2)该压缩机存在有很大的进气噪声,与传统的有油润滑空气压缩机一样,无油润滑空气压缩机在气缸盖6b内也设置有进气消声腔9、在阀座6a上设置有进气口10和进气单向阀11,其进气路径是:外界大气→空气滤清器7→进气消声腔9→进气口10→进气单向阀11→气缸工作腔1a,尽管进气消声腔9也可设置在空气滤清器7内,但无论是在气缸盖6b内还是在空气滤清器7内,进气消声腔9的容积都必然受到苛刻限制而不能做大,众所周知进气噪声属于一种频率分布极为宽泛的气体脉动噪声,对其进行削弱的最行之有效的办法之一就是采用大的消声容积,即利用所谓的“容抗消声原理”进行消声,显然囚于容积不能做大,上述进气消声腔9的消声效果较差,达不到低进气噪声的要求。
发明内容
  本发明针对现有无油润滑空气压缩机存在较大噪声的缺陷,提出一种低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,目的在于通过结构改进有效降低压缩机的机械噪声和进气噪声,从而使压缩机的整体噪声可以控制在较低的水平。
  本发明的目的是这样实现的:
  低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,包括气缸、活塞、连杆、曲轴和曲轴箱,活塞被安置在气缸内并与气缸作运动配合,气缸的一端固定安装在曲轴箱上,气缸的另外一端紧固连接有阀座,在曲轴箱上连接有曲轴箱盖,所述曲轴箱盖和曲轴箱一起参与围构形成曲轴箱进气消声室,曲轴箱进气消声室包括一个或多个膨胀消声腔,曲轴箱进气消声室通过设在活塞上或设在阀座上或同时设在活塞及阀座上的进气口及进气单向阀与压缩机工作腔发生联系。
  上述的曲轴箱进气消声室的所述膨胀消声腔中的一个或多个设置在曲轴箱盖上或设置在曲轴箱盖的壳罩上。
  上述的曲轴箱进气消声室的所述膨胀消声腔中的一个或多个的内部设置有吸声材料或消声材料。
  上述的曲轴箱进气消声室的所述膨胀消声腔中的一个或多个的形状为长通道或迷宫通道的结构形式。
  上述的曲轴箱进气消声室与外界大气进行沟通的进气道上设置有防进气反喷单向阀。
  上述的曲轴箱进气消声室的内壁面设置有坑洞、坑槽、凸台、凸条或者吸声层、吸声垫中的一种或多种结构形式。
  上述的气缸和活塞的数量各为两个,所述各气缸呈V型布局或直线对置布局或错位对置布局。
  上述的曲轴在与连杆大端的轴承配合的曲柄部位为花键状或类花键状。
  上述的连杆的杆身上设置有隔热孔或隔热槽。
  上述的活塞采用紧固位置相对于活塞轴线偏置的紧固件固紧。
  上述的活塞采用的紧固件相对于活塞顶面隆起,并当活塞运行到上止点及上止点附近时紧固件顶部伸入阀座上的排气孔内或避撞坑内。
  低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的用途,其作为空气压缩机、特种气体压缩机、抽湿机或真空泵的应用。
  本发明相比现有技术突出的优点是:
  1、本发明采用曲轴箱上连接曲轴箱盖的结构方案,使得活塞、连杆、曲轴甚至平衡块不再呈现裸露或半裸露的状态,结果上述运动件所产生的机械噪声及因它们搅动和拍击空气所产生的气体噪声被有效地囚禁在曲轴箱进气消声室内,因此极大地减少了噪声向外辐射的量级,同时曲轴箱盖还加强了曲轴箱的刚性,减少了曲轴箱、气缸、阀座和气缸盖的变形及抖动幅度,故可以减少压缩机的机械噪声。
  2、本发明采用曲轴箱作为进气消声室的结构方案,由于其消声容积远远大于现有同类同级别的空气压缩机的进气消声腔的容积,因此能更加有效地削弱进气流动所产生的气体脉动噪声;另外,在曲轴箱进气消声室的膨胀消声腔内设置吸声材料或消声材料,将膨胀消声腔的形状做成长通道或迷宫通道的结构形式,在曲轴箱进气消声室的内壁面上设置坑洞、坑槽、凸台、凸条或者吸声层、吸声垫中的一种或多种结构形式,在进气道上设置防进气反喷单向阀等等,均能有效吸收或削弱进气噪声及进气反喷噪声,故可以减少压缩机的进气噪声。
  3、本发明采用双气缸和双活塞结构,在压缩机单缸工作容积及总排气量不变的前提下,压缩机的工作转速可以下降一半,因此极大地降低了各运动副的机械冲击强度;将曲轴与连杆大端的轴承配合的部位制作成花键状或类花键状,在连杆的杆身上设置隔热孔或隔热槽,可以防止连杆大端的轴承因过热而游隙增大,因此可以减少轴承的机械噪声;将活塞的紧固件的紧固位置相对于活塞轴线实施偏置设置,可以有效防止活塞组件松转而产生的机械撞击噪声,故也可以减少压缩机的机械噪声。
附图说明
  图1是现有技术中往复活塞式无油润滑空气压缩机的轴测图;
  图2是图1所示往复活塞式无油润滑空气压缩机的侧向视图;
  图3是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的轴测图;
  图4是图3所示本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的侧向视图;
  图5是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱盖上设置有膨胀消声腔的剖面示意图;
  图6是图5所示本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的膨胀消声腔及空气滤清装置之组件的装配爆炸图;
  图7是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱盖的壳罩上设置有膨胀消声腔的剖面示意图;
  图8是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机设置有防进气反喷单向阀的剖面示意图;
  图9是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱上设置有迷宫通道的剖面示意图;
  图10是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱上设置有防进气反喷单向阀和长通道的轴测图;
  图11是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱盖上设置有迷宫通道的剖面示意图;
  图12是图11所示本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱盖的K向视图;
  图13是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱内端面设置有坑洞的曲轴箱端面视向图;
  图14是图13所示本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱的纵剖面示意图;
  图15是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱内端面设置有坑槽的曲轴箱端面视向图;
  图16是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的曲轴箱内端面及内侧面设置有凸台的曲轴箱纵剖面示意图;
  图17是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机采用对置式双气缸双活塞及主副连杆结构的横剖面示意图;
  图18是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机采用错位对置式双气缸双活塞及分轨驱动方案的纵剖面示意图;
  图19是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机采用错位对置式双气缸双活塞及分轨驱动方案的轴测示意图;
  图20是图19所示本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的活塞连杆组件的轴测示意图;
  图21是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的活塞采用紧固件偏置上紧结构的纵剖面示意图;
  图22是图21所示的活塞连杆组件的左视图;
  图23是本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的活塞采用紧固件偏置上紧结构的活塞连杆组件的轴测示意图。
具体实施方式
  下面以具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
  参见图3至图23,本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机中零部件的名称、功用及图号继承图1及图2中所示现有往复活塞式无油润滑空气压缩机,包括气缸1、活塞2、连杆3、曲轴4和曲轴箱5;活塞2上配装有用自润性材料制作的密封环或密封皮碗2a,活塞2被安置在气缸1内并与气缸1作运动配合,需要说明的是,活塞2可以是整体式活塞也可以是分体式活塞,当活塞2采用分体式活塞结构时可以用紧固件2b将各组件如活塞盖板和活塞本体紧固为一体(如图所示),其中紧固件2b可以是螺钉、螺栓、膨胀钉或铆钉等;气缸1的一端固定安装在曲轴箱5上,气缸1的另外一端紧固连接有阀座6a,阀座6a上连接有气缸盖6b,需要说明的是阀座6a和气缸盖6b可以为一体制作,换言之,阀座6a可以是气缸盖6b的一部分;曲轴4包含有曲柄以及直轴两个部分,连杆3的一端可以与活塞2采用紧固连接或者与活塞2一起整体制作(如图所示)当然也可以与活塞2采用轴销结构进行连接(图中未示出),连杆3的另一端则直接转动地套装在曲轴4的曲柄部分、或间接通过一个轴承转动地套装在曲轴4上;曲轴4上设置有平衡块8,平衡块8可以与曲轴4一体制作,比如平衡块8可以与曲轴4的曲柄部分整体制作后再与曲轴4的直轴部分进行连接(如图5和图7所示),此时的曲轴4即所谓的分体式曲轴;平衡块8有两种布局形式:一种布局是平衡块8与曲轴4上的曲柄部分一起布置在曲轴箱5之内(如图所示),另一种布局是平衡块8与曲轴4上的直轴部分一起布置在曲轴箱5之外(图中未示出);不难发现,由气缸1、活塞2、阀座6a和各种阀片、密封件以及进排气口等部件共同围构成一压缩机工作腔1a;本发明的最大特色在于:在曲轴箱5上连接有曲轴箱盖12,曲轴箱盖12和曲轴箱5一起参与围构形成曲轴箱进气消声室13,曲轴箱进气消声室13包括一个或者多个膨胀消声腔,曲轴箱进气消声室13通过设在活塞2上或设在阀座6a上或同时设在活塞2及阀座6a上的进气口10及进气单向阀11与压缩机工作腔1a发生联系,需要指出的是,上述曲轴箱盖12可以是一个整体也可以由若干个小块组合而成,其材料可以是金属材料也可以是非金属材料,另外除曲轴箱盖12和曲轴箱5之外,还有气缸1、活塞2、曲轴4、曲轴轴承和各种密封件参与围构形成曲轴箱进气消声室13;还需要说明的是,在曲轴箱盖12与曲轴箱5的结合处可以设置密封件如密封胶和密封垫等,并允许曲轴箱进气消声室13存在一定的装配缝隙和运动间隙,同时允许其与各类气口、气道和呼吸口等诸如此类的构件发生连通,另外若组成曲轴箱进气消声室13的膨胀消声腔如果不止一个,则它们之间既可以相互串通也可以相互独立;显然,曲轴箱进气消声室13将连杆3和曲轴4的曲柄部分封围在其内,如果平衡块8布置在曲轴箱5内则亦将一起被封围在曲轴箱进气消声室13之内;另外,曲轴箱进气消声室13与外界大气的联系既可以通过空气滤清器7也可以不使用空气滤清器7,其联系接口既可以开设在曲轴箱5上也可以开设在曲轴箱盖12上;容易看出,本发明与现有往复活塞式无油润滑空气压缩机的另一区别是进气路径不同:本发明的进气口10及进气单向阀11既可以单独设置在阀座6a上也可以单独设置在活塞2上还可以同时在阀座6a及活塞2上均设置,若在阀座6a上设置有进气口10及进气单向阀11(如图3和图4所示),则可以用吸气道14将气缸盖6b与曲轴箱进气消声腔13相连接,吸气道14可以是外接的导管也可以是开设在气缸1的缸体上的通道,另外气缸盖6b之内既可以设进气消声腔9也可以不设此消声腔,此时压缩机的一个进气路径为:外界大气→空气滤清器7→曲轴箱进气消声腔13→吸气道14→进气消声腔9→阀座6a上的进气口10→进气单向阀11→气缸工作腔1a;而若在活塞2上设置有进气口10及进气单向阀11(如图8至图10所示),则压缩机的进气路径要相对简单得多:外界大气→空气滤清器7→曲轴箱进气消声腔13→活塞2上的进气口10→进气单向阀11→气缸工作腔1a,上述两种进气路径均假设使用空气滤清器7,其中空气滤清器7的结构形式可以有多种结构形式,这里就不予表述;显然,进气口10和进气单向阀11将曲轴箱进气消声室13与压缩机工作腔1a相互联系起来,如进气经过气缸盖6内的进气消声腔9则此时进气消声腔9实质上构成了吸气道14的一部分,其中进气单向阀11的作用是防止进入到压缩机工作腔1a内的空气反窜或反喷回吸气道14或曲轴箱进气消声室13;特别需要指出的是,气缸1的数量可以只有一个也可以具有多个,相应地活塞2的数量也可以有一个或多个,另外气缸1的轴线可以是铅垂布局也可以是水平布局还可以是倾斜布局,铅垂布局即为通常所说的立式布局、水平布局即为通常所说的卧式布局、倾斜布局即为通常所说的斜置布局;本发明中的密封环或密封皮碗2a的材料为包括聚四氟乙烯、充填聚四氟乙烯等在内的各种现有无油润滑空气压缩机所使用的自润性材料,由于采用自润性密封材料,故本发明压缩机能提供高品质的基本不含油的压缩空气,更为重要的是本发明压缩机基本上不消耗润滑油,按照相关标准的定义本发明压缩机归属于无油润滑空气压缩机的范畴,但这并不意味着它绝对不含油,因为各轴承可以封含有一定量的润滑油或油脂。
  本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机中的曲轴箱进气消声室13包括一个或者多个膨胀消声腔,这些膨胀消声腔的主体部分即消声容积可以直接在曲轴箱5的箱体上构造出来,也可以在曲轴箱盖12上进行构造,还可以将消声容积分别在曲轴箱5及曲轴箱盖12上构造后再行组拼;特别需要指出的是,将曲轴箱进气消声室13的一个或多个膨胀消声腔设置在曲轴箱盖12上或设置在曲轴箱盖12的壳罩15上也是可行的结构方案,图5和图7给出的正是这种情形,这样做的好处是压缩机的改型将更加方便,而且膨胀消声腔也变得容易制造;将膨胀消声腔设置在曲轴箱盖12或壳罩15上属于外挂式或嵌入式膨胀消声腔,所谓外挂式是指膨胀消声腔的主体消声容积不置于曲轴箱5的箱体内,所谓嵌入式是指膨胀消声腔的主体消声容积置于曲轴箱5的箱体内,需要指出的是,无论是外挂式膨胀消声腔还是嵌入式膨胀消声腔本发明均视其为曲轴箱进气消声室13的一部分;图6是设置在曲轴箱盖12上的膨胀消声腔及空气滤清装置之组件50的装配爆炸图,它属于嵌入式膨胀消声腔结构,该组件50包括有曲轴箱盖12、壳罩15、滤芯盖15b、空气滤芯15c和垫片17,其中壳罩15上开设置有网隔栅15a、垫片17上预留有通气孔17a、曲轴箱盖12上设置有连通孔13a,另外在壳罩15上还布置有迷宫通道16a,经过组件50的进气路径为:外界大气→滤芯盖15b→空气滤芯15c→壳罩15上的网隔栅15a→迷宫通道16a→垫片17上的通气孔17a→曲轴箱盖12上的长通道16b或膨胀消声腔→连通孔13a→曲轴箱5内的膨胀消声腔;如前所述,该曲轴箱盖12上的膨胀消声腔与曲轴箱5内那个包容连杆3及曲轴4之曲柄的膨胀消声腔均属于曲轴箱进气消声13(它们在图中的标号相同),它们之间可以采用连通孔13a进行沟通,连通孔13a可以是各种形状的孔、槽或缺口,其数量可根据需要设置。
  本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机为了获得更好的吸声及消声效果,可以在曲轴箱进气消声室13的一个或多个膨胀消声腔的内部设置吸声材料或消声材料(图中未示出),这些吸声材料或消声材料可以采用现有技术所采用的材料,包括各种海绵状、泡沫状、纤维状、孔隙状和棉絮状的材料和复合材料。
  本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机为了能更多地消耗和衰减进气噪声的能量,可以将曲轴箱进气消声室13的一个或多个膨胀消声腔的形状制作成长通道或者迷宫通道的结构形式,这样当噪声的声波途径这些结构时将会受到阻隔与消减,其能量被消耗和衰减;长通道或迷宫通道可以设置在曲轴箱5、曲轴箱盖12和壳罩15中的任何一个部件上或在这些部件上同时任意组合设置,图6所示的迷宫通道16a就设置在壳罩15上,图9所示的迷宫通道16a同时也是长通道16b、图10所示的长通道16b的则直接在曲轴箱5的箱体上进行构造,另外,图6所示的长通道16b以及图11和图12所示的迷宫通道16a均为设置在曲轴箱盖12上的情形,其中图12为图11拿掉壳罩15后的K向方向视图。
  本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机为了减少进气脉动而造成的气体反喷流动噪声,在本实施例中特别地在曲轴箱进气消声室13与外界大气进行沟通的进气道上设置有防进气反喷单向阀18,因为活塞在下行过程中由于曲轴箱5的容积明显减少,从而迫使部分已经进入曲轴箱5内的空气又经原路返回并回窜到外界大气中,结果在曲轴箱进气消声室13连通外面大气的进气道上产生强烈的进气脉动反喷现象,是导致进气反喷脉动噪声的根源,毫无疑问设置防进气反喷单向阀18是减少进气反喷噪声的有效手段之一,防进气反喷单向阀18可以设置一个也可以设置多个,可以布置在进气道的中段(图中未示出)也可以布置在进气道端头的道口13b处(如图8至图11所示);需要说明的是,进气道可以是长通道16b(如图9和图10所示)也可以是很短的通道甚至仅仅余下道口13b(图8和图11所示),当进气道为长通道16b时可以具有两个(见图9所示)甚至更多的道口13b(图中未示出),道口13b甚至可以与连通孔13a共属一个孔道;此外,道口13b可以出现在曲轴箱5上(见图8和图9)也可以出现在曲轴箱盖12上(见图10和图11),道口13b既可以是各种形状的孔如圆孔、扁孔和其他异形孔,也可以将道口13b做成各种形状的槽甚至做成缺口状;还需说明的是,防进气反喷单向阀18既可以安装在曲轴箱5上(如图8至图10所示)也可以安装在曲轴箱盖12上(如图11所示),另外并不是每个道口13b都需要配装防进气反喷单向阀18,防进气反喷单向阀18的结构和材料可以采用现有技术中的各种结构和材料,比如片阀状、针阀状、蝶阀状等等,其材料可以是金属材料也可以是其他非金属材料;显然通过设置防进气反喷单向阀18,只允许空气从外界大气单向流入曲轴箱进气消声室13内而不能从曲轴箱进气消声室13流出反窜到外界大气,故而可以减少进气反喷脉动噪声,然而必须注意,由于防进气反喷单向阀18难免存在质量惯性、制造误差、装配误差和材质缺陷等情况,因此出现少量的气体反喷是允许的。
  本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机为了迅速衰减进气噪声,在本实施例中特别地在曲轴箱进气消声室13的内壁面上设置有坑洞19、坑槽20、凸台21、凸条、吸声层、吸声垫中的一种或多种结构形式(之一或这些结构形式的任意组合),曲轴箱进气消声室13的内壁面包括曲轴箱5的内端面5a和内侧面5b(参见图13至图16)、另外还包括曲轴箱盖12朝向曲轴箱5的那个面(图中未示出);坑洞19的分布可以呈散兵坑状也可以呈不同的陈列形式,坑洞19的洞口形状可以是圆形坑、三角形坑、矩形坑、椭圆坑或者其他各种异形坑,坑洞19的深度方向切面可以是规则的或不规则的各种形状,坑洞19的深浅可以一致也可以不一致,各个坑洞19的大小既可以相同也可以不相同,坑洞19的数目越多则对进气噪声的衰减效果越好;坑槽20的分布既可以呈等距状也可以呈不等距状还可以呈平行或呈交叉状,坑槽20的横断面形状可以是圆弧形槽、三角形槽、矩形槽、椭圆槽或者其他各种异形槽,坑槽20的深浅可以一致也可以不一致,各条坑槽20的大小和长度可以相同也可以不相同,同样地坑槽20的数目越多对进气噪声的衰减效果越好;凸台21的分布既可以呈散布状也可以呈不同的陈列形式,凸台21可以是圆柱形凸台、三角柱形凸台、矩形柱凸台、椭圆柱形凸台或者其他各种异形柱形凸台,凸台21的高低可以一致也可以不一致,各个凸台21的大小可以相同也可以不同,需要说明的是,凸台21还可以是各种锥台或者锥峰状的尖劈,此外若将凸台21做成具有一定长度的形状则其就成为所谓的凸条(图中未示出),显然凸台21的数目越多对进气噪声的衰减效果越好;另外在曲轴箱进气消声室13的内壁面上喷涂吸声层或铺设吸声垫(图中未示出),同样也能衰减进气噪声的能量,所说的吸声层包括各种具有吸声性能的材料,比如胶、漆、粉和复合涂料等等,所说的吸声垫包括各种具有吸声性能的材料,如不同材质的纸垫、布垫、纤维垫、橡胶垫、塑料垫以及复合材料垫等等;毋庸置疑,将曲轴箱进气消声室13的内表面做成上述构造,可以使得进气噪声在曲轴箱进气消声室13内的不断反射和折射的过程中逐渐衰减,噪声的能级不断下降,最终可以减少噪声辐射到外界大气的几率。
  本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的气缸1和活塞2的数量可以各具有一个或一个以上,当气缸1和活塞2的数量各为两个时,各气缸呈V型布局或直线对置布局或错位对置布局为最佳;所谓V型布局是指两个气缸的轴线具有一定的夹角(图中未示出),这些轴线可以相交也可以不相交;所谓直线对置布局是指两个气缸相对地分置在曲轴的两侧,且它们的轴线呈同轴状态(允许存在一定的制造误差和装配误差);所谓错位对置布局乃指两个气缸相对地分置在曲轴的两侧,且它们的轴线呈错位平行状态(允许存在一定的制造误差和装配误差);需要说明的是,直线对置布局和错位对置布局可以采用主副连杆的形式驱动活塞,如图17所示,连杆3的两端均紧固连接有活塞2或它们为一体制造,另外设置有一个副连杆3a,副连杆3a的一端通过轴承结构转动套装在曲轴4上并受曲轴4驱动,副连杆3a的另一端则通过轴销3c驱动连杆3,本实施例中的两个气缸1的轴线可以处在同轴状态即直线对置状态,也可以处在错位平行的状态即错位对置状态;另外,错位对置布局还可以采用常规的驱动方式(图中未示出),此时两个气缸错位对置在曲轴的两侧,两个活塞各用一个连杆进行驱动,两个连杆沿曲轴轴向方向错位套装在曲轴的曲柄上并受其驱动;实施错位对置布局还有一种方案,即图18至图20所示的分轨驱动方案,为了驱动连杆3及活塞2,特将连杆3的中部做成框架结构并在框架内设置有两条相互平行的导轨A、B,同时在曲轴4上沿其轴线方向套装两个轴承22a、22b,两个轴承22a、22b分别地只与上述两条导轨A、B中的一条导轨A或导轨B单独接触配合,并通过所接触导轨驱动连杆3及活塞2做往返运动,此即所谓的分轨驱动结构,实施分轨驱动的好处是它可以使轴承22a、22b更好地紧贴导轨A、B,这样可以通过预压紧的方式有效消除轴承22a、22b与导轨A、B之间的间隙,同时它更能保证轴承22a、22b沿导轨A、B作滚动接触配合,显然上述两点均有利于减少机械噪声,需要说明的是,导轨A、B可以是平轨也可以是凸轨还可以是凹轨、可以与气缸1的轴线垂直也可以不垂直,为了防止连杆3在工作时发生摆动而产生撞击机械噪声,可以在连杆3上设置直槽状的限摆槽23a,同时在曲轴箱5上安装限摆块23b,限摆块23b插入限摆槽23a内以限制连杆3的摆动(允许存在一定的摆动幅值),当然,将限摆槽23a布置在曲轴箱5上同时将限摆块23b布置在连杆3上依然能获得限摆的效果,上述限摆快23b可以是各种柱状的销如圆柱销、圆锥销和矩形销等,另外限摆块23b还可以是滚珠、轴承或滚套。
  本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机为了减少连杆大端的轴承因过热导致游隙增大而产生的轴承机械撞击噪声,采取如下措施:1)将曲轴4与连杆大端的轴承内圈接触的曲柄部分做成花键状或类花键状4a(如图8和图9所示),以此来减少它们之间的接触面积,则电机转子发出的热量经曲轴4传过来并被连杆大端的轴承吸收的总量将会减少,因此可以降低连杆大端的轴承的温度;2)在连杆3的杆身上开设有隔热孔或隔热槽24(如图8至图10所示),将有效隔绝从活塞2上传递下来的压缩热,以此减少连杆大端的轴承外圈吸收的热量,因此也可以降低连杆大端的轴承的温度。
  本发明低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机为了避免活塞松脱而产生的机械撞击噪声,在本实施例中特地将活塞2的紧固件2b的紧固位置相对于活塞轴线O1偏置(参见图21至图23),众所周知无油润滑空气压缩机的活塞2通常采用分体组件式活塞,即活塞2一般由活塞盖板与活塞本体通过紧固件2b紧固连接而成,在活塞盖板与活塞本体之间配装有用自润性材料制作的密封环或密封皮碗2a,目前的紧固件2b的上紧位置均处在活塞2的轴线O1上,由此存在一个缺陷,这就是活塞2的活塞盖板容易出现松脱的现象,究其原因是压缩机在工作时由于摩擦及振动等缘故,致使密封环或密封皮碗2a出现围绕活塞轴线O1转动的附加力矩,由于紧固件2b的位置布置在活塞本体的中心部位,因此其抵抗活塞盖板松转的能力较差;显然,本发明采用紧固件2b相对于活塞轴线O1偏置紧固活塞盖板的结构,由此形成的偏置量构成抵抗活塞盖板松转的防松力矩的力臂,故能有效防止活塞盖板的松转;另外,本发明的活塞2的紧固件2b相对于活塞顶面可以有三种状态:隆起状态、持平状态和沉没状态,尤其对于隆起状态的紧固件2b,为了避免其在活塞2运行到上止点及上止点附近时与阀座6a发生碰撞而产生撞击噪声,可以在阀座6a上设置避撞坑(图中未示出),这样可以让紧固件2b的顶部伸入阀座6a上的排气孔内或避撞坑内;另外需要说明的是,当活塞2上设置有进气口10和进气单向阀11时,紧固件2b还可以顺便将进气单项阀11紧固到活塞2的活塞盖板上。
  毋庸置疑,通过以上几个优选的实施例已能充分说明,本发明相比现有技术具有以下几个突出的优点:
  1)首先本发明采用曲轴箱5上连接曲轴箱盖12的结构方案,使得活塞2、连杆3、曲轴4甚至平衡块8不再呈现裸露或者半裸露的状态,结果上述运动件所产生的机械噪声及因它们搅动和拍击空气所产生的气体噪声被有效地囚禁在曲轴箱进气消声室13内,因此极大地减少了噪声向外辐射的量级,同时曲轴箱盖12还有效地加强了曲轴箱5的刚性,减少了曲轴箱5、气缸1、阀座6a和气缸盖6b的变形及抖动幅度,故可以减少压缩机的机械噪声;
  2)其次本发明采用了具有曲轴箱进气消声室13的结构方案,由于其消声容积远远大于现有同类同级别的空气压缩机的进气消声腔的容积,因此能更加有效地削弱进气流动所产生的气体脉动噪声;另外在曲轴箱进气消声室13的膨胀消声腔内设置吸声材料或消声材料,将膨胀消声腔的形状做成长通道16b或迷宫通道16a的结构形式,在曲轴箱进气消声室13的内壁面上设置有坑洞19、坑槽20、凸台21、凸条、吸声层或吸声垫,在进气道上设置防进气反喷单向阀18等等,也可以有效吸收或削弱进气噪声及进气反喷噪声,故可以减少压缩机的进气噪声;
  3)最后本发明采用双气缸和双活塞结构,在压缩机单缸工作容积及总排气量不变的前提下,压缩机的工作转速可以下降一半,因此极大地降低了各运动副的机械冲击强度;将曲轴4与连杆3大端得轴承配合的部位成花键状或类花键状4a,在连杆的杆身上设置隔热孔或隔热槽24,可以防止连杆大端的轴承因过热而游隙增大,因此可以减少轴承的机械噪声;将活塞2的紧固件2b的紧固位置相对于活塞轴线O1实施偏置设置,可以有效防止活塞组件松转而产生机械撞击噪声,故也可以减少压缩机的机械噪声。
  低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的用途,其可以用作空气压缩机、特种气体压缩机、抽湿机或真空泵。
  上述实施例仅为本发明的若干个较佳实施例,并非依此限制本发明的保护范围,故:凡依本发明的结构、形状、原理所做的各种等效变化,均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,包括气缸、活塞、连杆、曲轴和曲轴箱,所述活塞被安置在气缸内并与气缸作运动配合,所述气缸的一端固定安装在曲轴箱上,气缸的另外一端紧固连接有阀座,其特征在于:曲轴箱上连接有曲轴箱盖,所述曲轴箱盖和曲轴箱一起参与围构形成曲轴箱进气消声室,所述曲轴箱进气消声室包括一个或多个膨胀消声腔,曲轴箱进气消声室通过设在活塞上或设在阀座上或同时设在活塞及阀座上的进气口及进气单向阀与压缩机工作腔发生联系。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:曲轴箱进气消声室的所述膨胀消声腔中的一个或多个设置在曲轴箱盖上或曲轴箱盖的壳罩上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:曲轴箱进气消声室的所述膨胀消声腔中的一个或多个的内部设置有吸声材料或消声材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:曲轴箱进气消声室的所述膨胀消声腔中的一个或多个的形状为长通道或迷宫通道的结构形式。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:所述的曲轴箱进气消声室与外界大气进行沟通的进气道上设置有防进气反喷单向阀。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:曲轴箱进气消声室的所述的内壁面设置有坑洞、坑槽、凸台、凸条或者吸声层、吸声垫中的一种或多种结构形式。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:所述的气缸和活塞的数量各为两个,所述各气缸呈V型布局或直线对置布局或错位对置布局。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:所述的曲轴在与所述连杆大端的轴承配合的曲柄部位为花键状或类花键状。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:所述的连杆的杆身上设置有隔热孔或隔热槽。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:所述活塞采用紧固位置相对于活塞轴线偏置的紧固件固紧。
  11. 根据权利要求1或2所述的低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机,其特征在于:所述活塞采用的紧固件相对于活塞顶面隆起,并当活塞运行到上止点及上止点附近时紧固件顶部伸入阀座上的排气孔内或避撞坑内。
  12. 低噪声无油润滑空气压缩机的用途,其作为空气压缩机、特种气体压缩机、抽湿机或真空泵的应用。
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US9856866B2 (en) 2011-01-28 2018-01-02 Wabtec Holding Corp. Oil-free air compressor for rail vehicles
CN108869259A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2018-11-23 西安石油大学 一种节能无油除噪压缩机
EP3608541A1 (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-12 Quincy Compressor LLC Noise reducing silencer with spiral chambers for a compressor
CN111336094A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2020-06-26 宁波美高厨具有限公司 气泵消音结构及果蔬机
CN111577571A (zh) * 2020-06-22 2020-08-25 安庆市佰联无油压缩机有限公司 全无油高压氧气压缩机及装置
CN113757084A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2021-12-07 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 一种空压机的多孔排气降噪结构

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JP2013245574A (ja) * 2012-05-24 2013-12-09 Calsonic Kansei Corp ベーンロータリー型気体圧縮機
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CN105736318B (zh) * 2016-04-08 2018-04-17 石家庄嘉祥精密机械有限公司 轨道交通无油空压机的气阀噪音抑制系统和抑制方法
CN106224192A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-14 成都鸿荣通科技有限公司 一种曲轴式双活塞高压泵
CN110761890B (zh) * 2018-07-27 2024-08-13 常柴股份有限公司 发动机的空气压缩机及发动机
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CN108869259A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2018-11-23 西安石油大学 一种节能无油除噪压缩机
CN108869259B (zh) * 2018-08-08 2023-07-18 西安石油大学 一种节能无油除噪压缩机
EP3608541A1 (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-12 Quincy Compressor LLC Noise reducing silencer with spiral chambers for a compressor
CN111336094A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2020-06-26 宁波美高厨具有限公司 气泵消音结构及果蔬机
CN111577571A (zh) * 2020-06-22 2020-08-25 安庆市佰联无油压缩机有限公司 全无油高压氧气压缩机及装置
CN113757084A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2021-12-07 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 一种空压机的多孔排气降噪结构
CN113757084B (zh) * 2021-09-29 2024-03-19 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 一种空压机的多孔排气降噪结构

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