WO2011049156A1 - 光電極材料及び光電池材料 - Google Patents
光電極材料及び光電池材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011049156A1 WO2011049156A1 PCT/JP2010/068548 JP2010068548W WO2011049156A1 WO 2011049156 A1 WO2011049156 A1 WO 2011049156A1 JP 2010068548 W JP2010068548 W JP 2010068548W WO 2011049156 A1 WO2011049156 A1 WO 2011049156A1
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- silicon oxide
- photoelectrode
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/077—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the compound being a non-noble metal oxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
- C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectrode material.
- a photocatalyst is used to advance a reaction that can not proceed unless very high energy is given, with a catalyst that generates an electronic excited state by light, with very low energy.
- semiconductor catalysts such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide and tungsten oxide, or metal complex catalysts such as ruthenium bipyridyl complex are known.
- titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) is the most stable and shows little biotoxicity, so it is used as a photocatalyst for decomposition and removal of nitrogen oxides and organic substances in the atmosphere,
- the only light that can be generated is ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 380 nm or less, and ultraviolet light in this wavelength range is only 4% of sunlight, so the utilization efficiency of sunlight, which is the most abundant light source, is at most 4%. At most 1%.
- Typical examples of photocatalytic reaction of titanium oxide include reduction of O 2 (formation of H 2 O 2 ), oxidation of H 2 O (generation of O 2 ), reduction of Methylbiologen, reduction of N 2 , waste water treatment, photocatalytic There are Kolbe reaction (CH 3 COOH ⁇ CH 4 (gas) + CO 2 ) and the like.
- titanium oxide has a photoelectrode ability to decompose water known as the Hyundai-Fujitsu effect and a photovoltaic ability to be used for a solar cell.
- JP-A 2004-290748 (patent 4214221) and JP-A 2004-290747 (patent 4247780) disclose fused quartz treated with hydrohalic acid as a material having the same photocatalytic ability as titanium oxide. It is shown.
- This photocatalyst functions as a photocatalyst in a wavelength region of 200 to 800 nm, which is wider than the photocatalyst using fused silica as a raw material disclosed in JP-A-2004-290748 and JP-A-2004-290747.
- this SiH 3 radical is easily cleaved because the Si-Si bond with the Si of the next layer is very weak, and furthermore, the bonding electron is weakly attracted to the H side, and it is easily broken by H of the HF molecule. It is considered that H is easily exposed to the Si (111) surface by being easily substituted and in the form of SiH to be in an activated state.
- the hydrogen fluoride-treated artificial quartz is separated from the liquid, washed with distilled water 2 to 5 times, and then air-dried to obtain a photocatalyst.
- natural quartz consisting of the same crystalline silica is not activated by hydrogen fluoride. The reason has not been elucidated yet.
- Photo electrodes and solar cells using titanium oxide have low efficiency because they can use only ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nm or less, which contains only 4% of sunlight.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell using a ruthenium complex dye is known as a Grezwell cell in order to expand the range of usable light to a visible light region longer in wavelength than ultraviolet light by using a dye.
- the utilization efficiency of the Gretzell battery is theoretically 30%, in practice up to 10%.
- This ruthenium complex dye material is not only expensive but also has a limited life because the dye decomposes after prolonged use.
- Other dyes in particular various organic dyes, may also be used, but are also organic dyes and so have a limited lifetime.
- the invention according to this application avoids the problems of the photoelectrode and the solar cell using titanium oxide, and is an expensive photoelectrode material and a solar which do not require a ruthenium complex dye material which is expensive and has a problem of life. It is an object to provide a battery material.
- the present inventors discovered that artificial quartz and fused quartz function as photoelectrode materials.
- the present inventors discovered that hydrohalic acid-treated artificial quartz and fused quartz function as photoelectrode materials.
- hydrohalic acid-treated artificial quartz and fused quartz function as a photovoltaic cell material.
- a material obtained by treating a silicon oxide composition with hydrohalic acid is used as a photoelectrode material or a photocell material.
- the composition containing silicon oxide to be used is artificial quartz.
- composition containing silicon oxide to be used is fused silica glass.
- the composition containing silicon oxide to be used is soda lime glass.
- composition containing silicon oxide to be used is alkali-free glass.
- composition containing silicon oxide used is borosilicate glass.
- the hydrohalic acid used for hydrohalic acid treatment is hydrofluoric acid.
- the hydrohalic acid used for the hydrohalic acid treatment is hydrochloric acid.
- the application of the material is a photoelectrode.
- the application of the material is a photovoltaic cell.
- the composition of the material used in the examples and the treatment thereof are as follows. (1) Artificial quartz: crystalline SiO 2 , (2) Fused silica glass: Amorphous SiO 2 (3) Soda-lime glass: SiO 2 : 71.9%, CaO: 7.8%, Al 2 O 3 : 1.7%, MgO: 4.0%, Na 2 O: 13.3% (4) Alkali-free glass: SiO 2 : 55.0%, CaO: 23.0%, Al 2 O 3 : 14.2%, B 2 O 3 : 6.2% (5) Borosilicate glass: SiO 2 : 33.0%, CaO: 6.8%, Al 2 O 3 : 1.3%, B 2 O 3 : 37.4%, MgO: 5.5%, Na 2 O: 16.0% It is. In addition, description is abbreviate
- a fluorescent lamp was used as a light source in the room, and the illuminance at that time is 15,000 to 19,000 lux.
- illuminance of about 6,000 to 7,000 lux in shade, and in the case of direct sunlight, of about 50,000 to 100,000 lux can be obtained.
- 1 is an anode
- 2 is a photoelectrode material supported by the anode
- 3 is a cathode
- 4 is water mixed with an appropriate electrolyte
- 5 is a load connected between the anode 1 and the cathode 3 It is.
- the anode 1 is made of Ni / NiO or a noble metal and carries a photoelectrode material 2.
- the size is 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm.
- platinum or carbon is used for the cathode 3.
- a resistor was used for the load 5.
- the area of the electrode 1 is 20 ⁇ 20 mm 2, and 0.71 g of Na 2 SO 4 is dissolved in 10 mL of pure water to obtain a 0.5 mol / L electrolyte solution, and 15,000 to 190,00 lux with a fluorescent lamp.
- Table 1 shows the current that flows when light is irradiated.
- a hydrohalic acid used for the treatment was hydrochloric acid, and an artificial quartz electrode using an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate as an electrolyte flowed a current of 0.1 ⁇ A.
- the hydrogen obtained by electrolysis with this current is calculated to be 0.42 ⁇ L per hour.
- FIG. 2 shows a conceptual block diagram of a photovoltaic cell according to the invention of this application.
- 11 is an electrode
- 13 is a counter electrode
- 12 is a photoelectrode supported by the electrode
- 14 is an electrolytic solution
- 15 is a load connected between the electrode 11 and the counter electrode 13.
- the electrode 11 is made of Ni / NiO or a noble metal and carries a photoelectrode material 12 containing SiO 2 .
- the photoelectrode is prepared by immersing particles such as glass containing SiO 2 in a 5% aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes, washing with water and drying, and grinding so that the particle size becomes 0.2 mm or less.
- platinum or carbon was used for the counter electrode 13, and a resistor was used for the load 15.
- FIG. 3 shows a conceptual block diagram of a photovoltaic cell according to the invention of this application.
- 21 and 23 are 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm glass substrates made of glass having FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) layer 22 and FTO layer 24, and FTO layer 22 and FTO layer 24 function as charge extraction electrodes.
- FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide
- FTO layer 22 and FTO layer 24 function as charge extraction electrodes.
- an n-type semiconductor layer such as zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) is formed.
- ZnO zinc oxide
- TiO 2 titanium oxide
- a 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm platinum film 26 is formed on the FTO layer 24 facing the light incident side FTO.
- a photovoltaic cell material 27 is mixed between the n-type semiconductor layer 25 and the platinum film 26 with a thickness of 0.15 to 0.20 mm and a glass containing SiO 2 mixed with an organic electrolyte.
- the organic electrolytes used were 0.1 mol of LiI, 0.5 mol of I2, 0.5 mol of 4-tert-butylpyridine and 0.5 mol of tetrabutylammonium iodide in an acetonitrile solvent.
- a lead wire is attached to the FTO layer 22 and the FTO layer 24 that are the lead-out electrodes of the photovoltaic cell thus created, and light with an illuminance of 15,000 to 19,000 lux is irradiated with a fluorescent lamp as an irradiation light source from the lead-out electrode 22 side.
- the release voltage and short circuit current between the extraction electrodes 22 and 24 were measured. The resulting release voltage and short circuit current are shown in Table 2.
- SiO 2 has a function as a photovoltaic cell, and the photovoltaic voltage becomes extremely high by the treatment with hydrofluoric acid.
- Hydrochloric acid used in the treatment is hydrochloric acid, and similarly 0.1 mol of LiI, 0.05 mol of I 2 , 0.5 mol of 4-tert-butylpyridine, 0.5 mol of tetrabutylammonium iodide
- the release voltage obtained when using the organic electrolyte added to the solvent was 4 mV, and the short circuit current was 0.1 ⁇ A.
- short-circuit current was measured at an illuminance almost equal to direct sunlight with a 300 W incandescent lamp, which is a light source containing no component in the ultraviolet region, and a release voltage of 400 mV and a short-circuit current of 0.5 ⁇ A were observed respectively .
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
このような状態が次々と伝播し、最後に最表面SiはSiF4の形で分離し、SiH3ラジカルが表面に残留する。
[0022]ところが、このSiH3ラジカルは、次の層のSiとの間のSi-Si結合が非常に弱く、さらに結合電子がH側に弱く引き寄せられるため簡単に切断され、HF分子のHにより容易に置換され、SiHの形になることによりSi(111)表面にHが露出し、活性化状態になるものと考えられる。
[0023]このようにして、フッ化水素処理した人工水晶を液から分離し、蒸留水で2~5回洗浄したのち、風乾すれば、光触媒が得られる。
このように人工水晶の場合は、フッ化水素により活性化するにもかかわらず、同じ結晶性シリカからなる天然水晶の場合は、フッ化水素により活性化されない。その理由についてはまだ解明されていない。
さらに、可視領域における光半導体電極材料としてシリコン、ガリウムヒ素,チタン酸ストロンチウム,セレン化カドミウム,リン化ガリウムが示されている。
他の色素、特に各種の有機色素も使用可能であるが、有機色素であるが故にやはり寿命に限界がある。
(1)人工水晶:結晶SiO2、
(2)溶融石英ガラス:非結晶SiO2
(3)ソーダ石灰ガラス:SiO2:71.9%,CaO:7.8%,Al2O3:1.7%,MgO:4.0%,Na2O:13.3%
(4)無アルカリガラス:SiO2:55.0%,CaO:23.0%,Al2O3:14.2%,B2O3:6.2%
(5)ホウケイ酸ガラス:SiO2:33.0%,CaO:6.8%,Al2O3:1.3%,B2O3:37.4%,MgO:5.5%,Na2O:16.0%
である。
なお、含有量が1%未満の成分は記載を省略してある。
フッ化水素酸以外に塩化水素酸がハロゲン化水素酸として用いられるが、フッ化水素酸が好ましい。
また、他のハロゲン化水素酸も利用可能であると考えられる。
なお、ハロゲン水素酸による処理を行わないガラス試料も光電極材料として機能することが確認された。
また、外光による場合は日陰で6,000~7,000lux、直射日光による場合は50,000~100,000lux程度の照度を得ることができる。
図1にハロゲン化処理したガラスの光電極能を利用する装置を説明する。
この図において、1はアノード、2はアノード1に支持された光電極材料、3はカソード、4は適宜な電解質が混入された水、5はアノード1とカソード3との間に接続された負荷である。
電流により
この電流による電気分解によって得られる水素は計算によれば1時間当たり0.42μLである。
図2にこの出願の発明に係る光電池の概念構成図を示す。
この図において、11は電極、13は対電極、12は電極11に支持された光電極、14は電解液、15は電極11と対電極13との間に接続された負荷である。
図3にこの出願の発明に係る光電池の概念構成図を示す。
この図において、21及び23はFTO(フッ素ドープ酸化錫)層22及びFTO層24を有するガラスからなる30mm×30mmのガラス基板であり、FTO層22及びFTO層24は電荷取り出し電極として機能する。
光入射側のFTO層には酸化亜鉛(ZnO),酸化チタン(TiO2)等のn型半導体層が形成されている。
光入射側FTOと対向するFTO層24には20mm×20mmの白金膜26が形成されている。
その結果得られた解放電圧及び短絡電流を表2に示す。
2,12 光電極材料
3,13 対電極
4,14 電解質
5,15 負荷
21,23 ガラス基板
22,24 取り出し電極
25 n型半導体層
26 白金膜
27 酸化ケイ素
Claims (20)
- 酸化ケイ素を含む組成物からなることを特徴とする、光電極材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物が人工水晶であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲1の光電極材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物が溶融石英ガラスであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲1の光電極材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物がソーダ石灰ガラスであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲1の光電極材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物が無アルカリガラスであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲1の光電極材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物がホウケイ酸ガラスであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲1の光電極材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物がガラス繊維であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲1の光電極材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物がハロゲン化水素酸で処理されたことを特徴とする、請求の範囲1の光電極材料。
- 前記ハロゲン化水素酸がフッ化水素酸であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲8の光電極材料。
- 前記ハロゲン化水素酸が塩化水素酸であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲8の光電極材料。
- 酸化ケイ素を含む組成物からなることを特徴とする、光電池材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物が人工水晶であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲11の光電池材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物が溶融石英ガラスであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲11の光電池材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物がソーダ石灰ガラスであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲11の光電池材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物が無アルカリガラスであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲11の光電池材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物がホウケイ酸ガラスであることを特徴とする、請求の範囲11の光電池材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物がガラス繊維であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲11の光電池材料。
- 前記酸化ケイ素を含む組成物がハロゲン化水素酸で処理されたことを特徴とする、請求の範囲11の光電池材料。
- 前記ハロゲン化水素酸がフッ化水素酸であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲18の光電池材料。
- 前記ハロゲン化水素酸が塩化水素酸であることを特徴とする、請求の範囲18の光電池材料。
Priority Applications (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020167023044A KR102062293B1 (ko) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | 광전극 재료 및 광전지 재료 |
KR1020177020023A KR20170087532A (ko) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | 광전극 재료 및 광전지 재료 |
DK10825005.1T DK2492375T3 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | photocell |
EP10825005.1A EP2492375B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Photocell |
ES10825005.1T ES2658890T3 (es) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Fotocélula |
PL16161955T PL3056589T3 (pl) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Materiał do wytwarzania fotoelektrody i komórki fotoelektrycznej |
RU2012120744/04A RU2012120744A (ru) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Материал фотоэлектрода и материал фотоэлемента |
NO10825005A NO2492375T3 (ja) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | |
LTEP10825005.1T LT2492375T (lt) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Fotoelementas |
JP2011537296A JP5824363B2 (ja) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | 光電極材料及び光電池材料 |
KR1020127011671A KR101721120B1 (ko) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | 광전극 재료 및 광전지 재료 |
AU2010308884A AU2010308884A1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Photoelectrode material and photocell material |
US13/503,558 US9172124B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Photoelectrode material and photocell material |
PL10825005T PL2492375T3 (pl) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Komórka fotoelektryczna |
EP16161955.6A EP3056589B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Photoelectrode material and photocell material |
CN201080047622.XA CN102666931B (zh) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | 光电极材料及光电池材料 |
HK13102978.7A HK1175822A1 (zh) | 2009-10-21 | 2013-03-11 | 光電極材料及光電池材料 |
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JP2010206914 | 2010-09-15 | ||
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US (1) | US9172124B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP3056589B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5824363B2 (ja) |
KR (3) | KR20170087532A (ja) |
CN (2) | CN102666931B (ja) |
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DK (2) | DK3056589T3 (ja) |
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HK (2) | HK1175822A1 (ja) |
LT (2) | LT2492375T (ja) |
NO (1) | NO2492375T3 (ja) |
PL (2) | PL2492375T3 (ja) |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012124655A1 (ja) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-20 | 国際先端技術総合研究所株式会社 | 2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル |
WO2012153803A1 (ja) | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | 国際先端技術総合研究所株式会社 | 窓用ガラス板 |
WO2012169530A1 (ja) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-13 | 国際先端技術総合研究所株式会社 | 複合ガラス板 |
WO2013129562A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-28 | 2013-09-06 | 国際先端技術総合研究所株式会社 | ソーラーセル複合ガラス板 |
WO2013151175A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-10 | 国際先端技術総合研究所株式会社 | 2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル及び2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル構造を有するガラス板 |
JP2014044881A (ja) * | 2012-08-27 | 2014-03-13 | International Frontier Technology Laboratory Inc | 複合ソーラーセル |
JP2014116210A (ja) * | 2012-12-10 | 2014-06-26 | International Frontier Technology Laboratory Inc | 2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル |
JP2014120243A (ja) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-30 | International Frontier Technology Laboratory Inc | 色素増感タンデム2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル |
JP2014130766A (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-10 | International Frontier Technology Laboratory Inc | 色素増感タンデム2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル |
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JP2014116210A (ja) * | 2012-12-10 | 2014-06-26 | International Frontier Technology Laboratory Inc | 2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル |
JP2014120243A (ja) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-30 | International Frontier Technology Laboratory Inc | 色素増感タンデム2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル |
JP2014130766A (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-10 | International Frontier Technology Laboratory Inc | 色素増感タンデム2酸化ケイ素ソーラーセル |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20170087532A (ko) | 2017-07-28 |
KR20120123253A (ko) | 2012-11-08 |
KR101721120B1 (ko) | 2017-03-29 |
RU2012120744A (ru) | 2013-11-27 |
US20120241684A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
AU2010308884A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
EP2492375A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
JP5824363B2 (ja) | 2015-11-25 |
CN102666931B (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
DK3056589T3 (da) | 2019-11-04 |
EP2492375B1 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
KR20160103180A (ko) | 2016-08-31 |
US9172124B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 |
ES2761799T3 (es) | 2020-05-21 |
DK2492375T3 (en) | 2018-02-05 |
LT3056589T (lt) | 2019-11-11 |
EP3056589B1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
JPWO2011049156A1 (ja) | 2013-03-14 |
LT2492375T (lt) | 2018-02-12 |
CN105428756A (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
EP2492375A4 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
HK1221333A1 (zh) | 2017-05-26 |
KR102062293B1 (ko) | 2020-01-03 |
CN102666931A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
PL2492375T3 (pl) | 2018-04-30 |
PL3056589T3 (pl) | 2020-04-30 |
NO2492375T3 (ja) | 2018-05-05 |
CN105428756B (zh) | 2018-05-25 |
ES2658890T3 (es) | 2018-03-12 |
TW201123590A (en) | 2011-07-01 |
TWI542069B (zh) | 2016-07-11 |
EP3056589A1 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
HK1175822A1 (zh) | 2013-07-12 |
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