WO2011048948A1 - 振動型駆動装置および振動型駆動装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
振動型駆動装置および振動型駆動装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
- H02N2/06—Drive circuits; Control arrangements or methods
- H02N2/062—Small signal circuits; Means for controlling position or derived quantities, e.g. for removing hysteresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
- H02N2/021—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors using intermittent driving, e.g. step motors, piezoleg motors
- H02N2/025—Inertial sliding motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
- H02N2/06—Drive circuits; Control arrangements or methods
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- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vibration type driving device and a control method of the vibration type driving device.
- Mold drive devices are known.
- the vibration type driving device the displacement amount of the moving body per cycle of the driving voltage applied to the electromechanical transducer is not strictly constant, and the actual moving body position deviates from the position estimated from the driving voltage. May end up. For this reason, when performing positioning with a conventional vibration type driving device, it is necessary to provide a sensor for detecting the position of the moving body as described in Patent Document 1.
- a member that abuts the moving body to determine the movable range of the moving body is provided, and a driving voltage that can move the moving body by a distance sufficiently longer than the movable range is applied once.
- the movable body is moved to one end of the movable range, and a driving voltage for moving the movable body to a desired position is applied using the movable end as a base point to suppress the positioning error of the movable body.
- the conventional vibration type driving device uses a sliding displacement, the moving body slides on the driving member even after the moving body reaches the movable end, and the electromechanical conversion element continues to vibrate. Therefore, there is also a problem that uneven wear of the drive member or the like is likely to occur at a position near the movable end. Such uneven wear causes abnormal friction, so that the moving body is temporarily fixed to the driving member at the movable end, and when the driving voltage is input to move the moving body from the movable end. There may be a case where the moving body cannot be positioned at a desired position due to a delay in the movement of the moving body.
- the present invention provides a vibration type driving device that can detect that the moving member has reached the movable end at low cost, and a vibration type driving that does not apply an excessive driving voltage for positioning the moving body. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling an apparatus.
- a vibration type driving apparatus includes an electromechanical transducer that generates a mechanical displacement when a voltage is applied thereto, a driving member that is moved by the electromechanical transducer, and the driving member.
- a movable body that is slidably engaged with the movable body, a regulating member that restricts the movement of the movable body by contacting the movable body, and a drive circuit that applies a periodically changing drive voltage to the electromechanical transducer.
- a detection circuit that detects an impedance of the electromechanical transducer, and a determination unit that determines that the moving body is in contact with the restriction member when a detection value of the detection circuit is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the moving body when the moving body comes into contact with the regulating member, the moving body is prevented from further moving to the regulating member side together with the driving member that moves due to the displacement of the electromechanical converting element.
- the impedance of the electromechanical transducer increases. Therefore, if the detected value of impedance is equal to or greater than a certain value, it can be determined that the moving body is at the movable end in contact with the regulating member. As a result, there is no need for useless control to apply a driving voltage for moving the moving body to the regulating member after the moving body abuts on the regulating member, and the movable body can be positioned quickly, and the driving member at the movable end It is also possible to prevent uneven wear.
- the detection circuit may have a known configuration for detecting a current value flowing by applying the drive voltage using a detection resistor.
- the electromechanical conversion element may generate a sawtooth mechanical displacement upon application of a voltage.
- an electromechanical transducer that generates mechanical displacement when a voltage is applied, a drive member that is moved by the electromechanical transducer, and a movement that is slidably engaged with the drive member.
- a first aspect of the control method of the vibration type driving apparatus having a body and a regulating member that restricts movement of the moving body by contacting the moving body is for bringing the moving body into contact with the regulating member.
- the impedance of the electromechanical transducer is detected, and when the detected value of the impedance exceeds a predetermined value, the drive voltage is applied. To stop.
- the impedance of the electromechanical transducer is set to stop the moving body at a position separated from the regulating member by a predetermined distance.
- a driving voltage that periodically changes is applied to the electromechanical transducer, and the predetermined value is determined in advance after the detected value of the impedance becomes smaller than the predetermined value.
- the application of the drive voltage is stopped after a lapse of time.
- the impedance of the electromechanical transducer is detected, and in the state where the detected value of the impedance is a predetermined value or more, the electromechanical transducer is The moving speed of the moving body is calculated by applying a periodically changing drive voltage and measuring the time from when the detected impedance value becomes smaller than the predetermined value until it becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined value again. And how to do it.
- the electromechanical conversion element may generate a sawtooth mechanical displacement upon application of a voltage.
- the vibration type driving apparatus does not require application of an extra driving voltage, and therefore the time required for positioning the moving body can be shortened. Further, the vibration type driving device of the present invention can prevent uneven wear of the driving member and the like by not performing extra driving, so that the positioning accuracy is hardly lowered, frequent calibration is unnecessary, and the life is long.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a vibration type driving apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the waveform of the drive current of the vibration type drive device of FIG. It is a flowchart of the control which returns the origin of the moving body of the vibration type drive device of FIG. It is a flowchart of the control for calculating the moving speed of the moving body of the vibration type drive device of FIG. It is a circuit diagram of the vibration type drive device of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the waveform of the electric current which the detection circuit of the vibration type drive device of FIG. 4 detects.
- 5 is a flowchart of control for moving a moving body of the vibration type driving device of FIG. 4 to a predetermined position.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of control for calculating a moving speed of a moving body of the vibration type driving device of FIG. 4.
- the vibration type drive device 1 includes an actuator 2 as a mechanical component, a drive circuit 3 that supplies a drive voltage to the actuator 2, a detection circuit 4 that detects a drive current of the actuator 2, and a control device 5 that includes a computer.
- the actuator 2 has one end fixed to the weight 6 and expands and contracts when a drive voltage is applied, and an axial drive member 8 that vibrates in the axial direction due to expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 7. And a movable body 9 that frictionally engages with the drive member 8 so as to be slidable, and restricting members 10 and 11 that contact the movable body 9 to limit the movement of the movable body 9 and determine the movable range of the movable body 9. .
- the drive circuit 3 connects both electrodes of the piezoelectric element 7 to the DC power supply 16 by four FETs 12, 13, 14, and 15 that are respectively switched by control signals S 1, S 2, S 3, and S 4 input from the control device 5. Or a grounded bridge circuit.
- the detection circuit 4 includes a comparator 18 that outputs a potential difference between both ends of a detection resistor (shunt resistor) 17 provided in an electric circuit for grounding the piezoelectric element 7 of the drive circuit 3, and an amplifier 19 that amplifies the output of the comparator 18. And an AD converter 20 for digitizing the output of the amplifier 19.
- the output of the detection circuit 4, that is, the digital signal indicating the current value of the discharge current of the piezoelectric element 7 is input to the control device 5.
- the vibration type driving apparatus 1 when a periodic driving voltage is applied from the driving circuit 3 to the piezoelectric element 7 of the actuator 2, the driving member 8 reciprocates with a sawtooth speed change in the axial direction due to expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 7. Moving. When the driving member 8 moves slowly, the moving body 9 moves together with the driving member 8 while being frictionally engaged with the driving member 8. However, when the driving member 8 moves steeply, the moving member 9 is moved by its own inertial force. It stays in place and slides and displaces relative to the drive member 8.
- the drive circuit 3 outputs a periodic rectangular wave drive voltage having a frequency of 140 kHz and a duty ratio of 0.3, and slidingly displaces the moving body 9 in the extending direction away from the piezoelectric element 7.
- a drive voltage having a rectangular wave shape of 0.7 is output, and the moving body 9 is slid and displaced in the pull-back direction approaching the piezoelectric element 7.
- the frequency of the drive voltage is lower than the resonance frequency of the actuator 2 and corresponds to about 0.7 times the resonance frequency.
- the discharge current of the piezoelectric element 7 detected by the detection circuit 4 is determined by the waveform of the drive voltage (voltage and switching waveform) and the impedance of the piezoelectric element 7. That is, it can be said that the detection circuit 4 directly detects the current flowing through the drive circuit 3 but detects the impedance of the piezoelectric element 7.
- FIG. 2 shows the detection value of the detection circuit 4, that is, the change in the current flowing through the detection resistor 17.
- the piezoelectric element 7 electrically exhibits a capacitive characteristic similar to a capacitor. Therefore, the current of the drive circuit 3 shows a maximum value at the moment when the states of the FETs 12, 13, 14, and 15 are switched, and thereafter, the current gradually decreases and decreases.
- the AD converter 20 of the detection circuit 4 performs AD conversion at a sufficiently short cycle, for example, every 0.1 ⁇ sec (at a sampling frequency of 10 MHz).
- the control device 5 extracts the maximum value (peak current value) from the detection value input from the detection circuit 4 for each switching period of the FETs 12, 13, 14, and 15.
- the peak current value of the drive circuit 3 is about 1000 mA when the movable body 9 is inside the movable range, that is, when it is not in contact with the regulating members 10 and 11,
- the body 9 decreases to about 900 mA.
- control device 5 sets the threshold value of the peak value of the detection current of the detection circuit 4 to 950 mA, and determines that the moving body 9 is in contact with the regulating member 10 or 11 if the detected peak value is 950 mA or less.
- the drive circuit 3 is appropriately controlled according to the situation.
- the position where the moving body 9 is separated from the movable end that contacts the regulating member 11 by a certain distance (for example, 50 ⁇ m) is the origin, and the position of the moving body 9 is applied after returning to the origin.
- the position is recognized as a position obtained by multiplying the integrated value of the number of voltage pulses by a movement amount per pulse (for example, ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m)
- the control shown in FIG. For example, when the vibration type driving device 1 is used for driving the focus lens, the origin of the moving body 9 is determined at a position where the focal length becomes infinite.
- the reason why the origin of the moving body 9 is set at a position away from the movable end is to design the position where the focal length is infinitely within the movable range even if there is variation among products. .
- the control device 5 continuously outputs a drive voltage for moving the moving body 9 in the feeding direction to the drive circuit 3, while the current value detected by the detection circuit 4 for each pulse of the drive voltage.
- the peak value is extracted from Then, if the extracted peak value becomes 950 mA or less, the control circuit 5 immediately stops the drive circuit 3 from outputting the drive voltage, and is necessary for moving the moving body 9 from the movable end to the origin.
- a drive voltage in the pull-back direction with a large number of pulses (for example, 500 pulses) is output.
- the moving body 9 is moved from the position where it abuts against the regulating member 10 to the position where it abuts against the regulating member 11, and the time required for the moving body 9 is measured. 9 is calculated, and the calculation formula of the number of pulses of the driving voltage to be applied to the distance to which the moving body 9 should be moved is corrected.
- This control is executed, for example, when the vibration type driving apparatus 1 is turned on.
- the control device 5 causes the drive circuit 3 to continuously output a drive voltage for moving the moving body 9 in the pull-back direction, and for each pulse of the drive voltage. If the peak value is extracted from the current value detected by the detection circuit 4 and the extracted peak value becomes 950 mA or less, it is considered that the moving body 9 is in contact with the regulating member 10. Stop the voltage output. Subsequently, the control device 5 causes the drive circuit 3 to continuously output a drive voltage for moving the moving body 9 in the feeding direction, and starts a time counter to start time measurement. Note that it is easy to measure time by expressing one cycle of the drive voltage as a unit time.
- the control device 5 extracts a peak value from the current value detected by the detection circuit 4 for each pulse of each driving voltage, and when the extracted peak value becomes 950 mA or less, the moving body 9 moves to the regulating member 11. Since it is considered that it has reached, the drive circuit 3 stops the output of the drive voltage and the time measurement is finished. Finally, the control device 5 divides the distance from the position where the moving body 9 contacts the regulating member 10 to the position where the moving body 9 contacts the regulating member 11 by the time measured by the time counter, so that the moving speed ( (Moving distance per pulse of driving voltage) is calculated.
- control device 5 corrects the arithmetic expression for calculating the number of pulses of the drive voltage to be output to the drive circuit 3 when a signal indicating the position or the movement amount of the moving body 9 is input from the outside.
- the positioning accuracy of the moving body 9 is increased. That is, in the vibration type driving device 1 of the present embodiment, since the change in the moving speed due to the change in the environmental temperature or the wear of each member is self-corrected, the periodic calibration work is unnecessary.
- the moving body 9 is brought into contact with the regulating member 11 in order to calculate the speed of the moving body 9 by the control of FIG. 4 by combining the control of FIG. 3 and the control of FIG. 4. Then, the moving body 9 may be returned to the origin by applying a driving voltage having a predetermined number of pulses.
- the detection resistor 17 is inserted between the FETs 14 and 15 and the ground.
- an electric circuit (point A) between the DC power supply 16 and the FETs 12 and 13 The detection resistor 17 is inserted into the electric circuit (point B) between the drive circuit 3 and the piezoelectric element 7 and the potential difference between both ends thereof is detected by the detection circuit 4 so that the impedance of the piezoelectric element 7 is detected. May be.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a vibration type driving apparatus 1a according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the DC power supply 16 has an internal resistance 16a that cannot be ignored and has a high output impedance.
- the vibration type driving device 1a is provided with a smoothing capacitor 21 having a sufficient electrostatic capacity and serving as a current buffer in the electric circuit immediately before the FETs 12 and 13 of the driving circuit 3.
- the detection resistor 17 is inserted between the DC power supply 16 and the smoothing capacitor 21. Therefore, the detection circuit 4 is provided so as to detect the impedance of the piezoelectric element 7 by detecting the potential difference between both ends of the detection resistor 17.
- the charging current and discharging current of the piezoelectric element 7 of the actuator 2 have the waveforms shown in FIG. 2 as in the first embodiment.
- the DC power supply 16 cannot instantaneously supply a large current due to the internal resistance 16a, when the current of the piezoelectric element 7 is large, the electric charge charged in the smoothing capacitor 21 is reduced. To be supplied. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the smoothing capacitor 21 is charged with electric charges little by little from the DC power supply 16. Therefore, the current waveform in FIG. 6 is a smoothed version of the current waveform in FIG. 2, and the integrated values of both current waveforms are equal.
- the control device 5 may use the detection value input from the detection circuit 4 as it is, and extracts the peak value. Such high-speed processing is not required.
- FIG. 7 shows a flow of origin return processing of the moving body 9 in the present embodiment.
- the driving voltage in the feeding direction is applied and the moving body 9 reaches the regulating member 11, the driving voltage in the pulling direction is continuously applied, and the detected current is larger than 47.5 mA. Then, a drive voltage having the number of pulses necessary to move the moving body 9 from the movable end to the origin is applied. That is, in this embodiment, the moving body 9 is temporarily fixed at the movable end due to uneven wear or the like at the mechanical driving end, and the moving body may not move even when a driving voltage is applied. After confirming that the moving body 9 has moved away from the regulating member 11 and started moving, a driving voltage necessary to move to the origin is applied.
- the detection delay of the detection circuit 4 when the moving body 9 abuts on or separates from the regulating members 10 and 11, the current value detected by the detection circuit 4 gradually increases as shown in FIG. As a result, the detection of the impedance change of the piezoelectric element 7 is delayed. Therefore, it is preferable to set the number of pulses of the drive voltage for moving the moving body 9 from the movable end to the origin by this delay. However, if this delay is sufficiently small, for example, if the detection delay of the impedance change of the piezoelectric element 7 is 10 pulses or less, the positioning error of the moving body 9 is only 1 ⁇ m or less, and the detection delay of the detection circuit 4 is detected. Positioning error caused by can be ignored. Therefore, if the capacity of the smoothing capacitor 21 is optimized so that the detection delay of the detection circuit 4 is sufficiently small, the detection delay of the detection circuit 4 may be ignored.
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Abstract
Description
2 アクチュエータ
3 駆動回路
4 検出回路
5 制御装置(判定手段)
6 錘
7 圧電素子(電気機械変換素子)
8 駆動部材
9 移動体
10,11 規制部材
12,13,14,15 FET
16 直流電源
17 検出抵抗
21 平滑コンデンサ
Claims (7)
- 電圧が印加されると機械的変位を生じる電気機械変換素子と、
前記電気機械変換素子によって移動させられる駆動部材と、
前記駆動部材に滑り変位可能に係合する移動体と、
前記移動体に当接することで前記移動体の移動を制限する規制部材と、
前記電気機械変換素子に周期的に変化する駆動電圧を印加する駆動回路と、
前記電気機械変換素子のインピーダンスを検出する検出回路と、
前記検出回路の検出値が所定値以上であるとき、前記移動体が前記規制部材に当接していると判断する判定手段とを有することを特徴とする振動型駆動装置。 - 前記検出回路は、前記駆動電圧の印加によって流れる電流値を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 前記電気機械変換素子は、電圧の印加によって鋸歯状の機械的変位を生じることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 電圧が印加されると機械的変位を生じる電気機械変換素子と、
前記電気機械変換素子によって移動させられる駆動部材と、
前記駆動部材に滑り変位可能に係合する移動体と、
前記移動体に当接することで前記移動体の移動を制限する規制部材とを有する振動型駆動装置の制御方法であって、
前記電気機械変換素子に周期的に変化する駆動電圧を印加しながら、前記電気機械変換素子のインピーダンスを検出し、
前記インピーダンスの検出値が所定値以上になったとき、前記駆動電圧の印加を停止することを特徴とする振動型駆動装置の制御方法。 - 電圧が印加されると機械的変位を生じる電気機械変換素子と、
前記電気機械変換素子によって移動させられる駆動部材と、
前記駆動部材に滑り変位可能に係合する移動体と、
前記移動体に当接することで前記移動体の移動を制限する規制部材とを有する振動型駆動装置の制御方法であって、
前記電気機械変換素子のインピーダンスを検出し、
前記インピーダンスの検出値が所定値以上である状態で、前記電気機械変換素子に周期的に変化する駆動電圧を印加し、
前記インピーダンスの検出値が所定値より小さくなってから、予め定めた時間の経過後に、前記駆動電圧の印加を停止することを特徴とする振動型駆動装置の制御方法。 - 電圧が印加されると機械的変位を生じる電気機械変換素子と、
前記電気機械変換素子によって移動させられる駆動部材と、
前記駆動部材に滑り変位可能に係合する移動体と、
前記移動体に当接することで前記移動体の移動を制限する規制部材とを有する振動型駆動装置の制御方法であって、
前記電気機械変換素子のインピーダンスを検出し、
前記インピーダンスの検出値が所定値以上である状態で、前記電気機械変換素子に周期的に変化する駆動電圧を印加し、
前記インピーダンスの検出値が前記所定値より小さくなってから、再度前記所定値以上になるまでの時間を計測することで、前記移動体の移動速度を算出することを特徴とする振動型駆動装置の制御方法。 - 前記電気機械変換素子は、電圧の印加によって鋸歯状の機械的変位を生じることを特徴とする請求項4から6の何れか1項に記載の振動型駆動装置の制御方法。
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CN2010800466196A CN102725950A (zh) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-10-06 | 振动型驱动装置以及振动型驱动装置的控制方法 |
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JP6042694B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-23 | 2016-12-14 | オリンパス株式会社 | 慣性駆動アクチュエータ |
EP2905643B1 (de) * | 2014-02-05 | 2019-07-03 | TRUMPF Schweiz AG | Verfahreinrichtung für einen nichtlinearen Kristall oder für sättigbare Absorber und Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Schrittweite der Verfahreinrichtung |
DE102015220291B4 (de) | 2015-10-19 | 2022-01-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mikroelektromechanisches System und Steuerverfahren |
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JP2001345352A (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電子部品のボンディング装置およびボンディング方法 |
JP2009131134A (ja) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-11 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | 駆動装置 |
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JP4999139B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-21 | 2012-08-15 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 駆動制御装置及び駆動制御方法 |
JP5391527B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2014-01-15 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 駆動装置 |
JP2009089517A (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Olympus Corp | 超音波モータの駆動装置 |
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2010
- 2010-10-06 KR KR1020127009437A patent/KR20120081134A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-10-06 JP JP2011537200A patent/JPWO2011048948A1/ja active Pending
- 2010-10-06 WO PCT/JP2010/067534 patent/WO2011048948A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-10-06 US US13/502,192 patent/US20120200240A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-10-06 CN CN2010800466196A patent/CN102725950A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
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JP2001345352A (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電子部品のボンディング装置およびボンディング方法 |
JP2009131134A (ja) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-11 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | 駆動装置 |
Cited By (1)
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JP2015104197A (ja) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-06-04 | 日本信号株式会社 | 誘電体を用いたアクチュエータのための電圧制御装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120200240A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
KR20120081134A (ko) | 2012-07-18 |
CN102725950A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
JPWO2011048948A1 (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
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