WO2011034127A1 - スパッタリングターゲットに用いられる銅材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
スパッタリングターゲットに用いられる銅材料およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011034127A1 WO2011034127A1 PCT/JP2010/066027 JP2010066027W WO2011034127A1 WO 2011034127 A1 WO2011034127 A1 WO 2011034127A1 JP 2010066027 W JP2010066027 W JP 2010066027W WO 2011034127 A1 WO2011034127 A1 WO 2011034127A1
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- sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copper material used as a sputtering target and a manufacturing method thereof.
- TFTs thin film transistors
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an example of the structure of a TFT element in a liquid crystal display.
- the TFT element 1 includes a scanning electrode 3 on a glass substrate 2 and a gate electrode 4 in which a part of the scanning line functions as a TFT ON / OFF control.
- the gate electrode is formed so as to be covered with an insulating film 5 of silicon nitride, and an amorphous silicon (hereinafter abbreviated as a-Si) layer 6 and an a-Si layer 7 doped with P (phosphorus) are sequentially formed on the insulating film 5.
- Source-drain electrodes 8 and 9 are formed.
- a silicon nitride protective film 10 is formed so as to cover them.
- a tin-doped indium oxide (hereinafter referred to as ITO) film 11 is disposed in the pixel region.
- ITO tin-doped indium oxide
- the problem with using a copper wiring film for TFT element wiring is that when a Cu film is formed directly on a glass substrate, the Cu wiring film peels off from the glass due to poor adhesion at the Cu / glass interface. It is done.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like As an invention for solving the problem of peeling, techniques described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 peeling is suppressed by interposing a refractory metal such as molybdenum between a copper wiring and a glass substrate to form a barrier layer having excellent adhesion to the glass substrate.
- a refractory metal such as molybdenum
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 by using a target obtained by alloying copper, an oxide is formed at the interface between the copper wiring and the glass substrate, and an alloy element is concentrated at the interface between the copper wiring and the glass substrate. Peeling is suppressed.
- One of the important characteristics required in the process of forming the gate electrode of the TFT element is the uniformity of the wiring film within the substrate surface. Due to the uniformity of the film, that is, the difference in film thickness and the presence of irregularities, the electric capacity in the TFT becomes non-uniform, which adversely affects the display. In addition, in the TFT element manufacturing process, if there is a difference in film thickness or coarse clusters (particles, splashes, etc.), wiring defects such as disconnection and short circuit may occur when wiring electrodes are created by etching. Is done.
- Patent Documents 4 to 8 disclose the invention of a sputtering target that can form a uniform wiring film when a pure copper film to be a semiconductor wiring or the like is formed by a sputtering process, and can suppress coarse clusters and disconnection defects. Technology has been proposed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a defective disconnection is produced by melting and solidifying copper having a purity of 99.9999% or more excluding oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen gas components at an oxygen concentration of 0.1 ppm or less. A sputtering target capable of obtaining wiring for VLSI with a low rate is described. By reducing the amount of impurities in the copper material, disconnection defects and the like are reduced.
- Patent Document 5 uses a sputtering target in which the average crystal grain size of the recrystallized structure is 80 microns or less and the Vickers hardness is 100 or less in copper having a purity of 99.995% or more. It is described that the expansion of protrusions and the generation of coarse clusters are suppressed.
- Patent Document 6 discloses that in copper having a purity of 99.999% or more excluding gas components, the X-ray diffraction peak intensity I (111) of the (111) plane in the sputtering surface is increased, and the average particle size is 250 ⁇ m or less. In addition, it is described that the uniformity of the film thickness is improved by setting the variation of the particle diameter depending on the location within 20%.
- the volume of crystals facing the (110) plane on the surface is set to 80% or more, and the crystals are uniformly distributed from the surface to the center, so that the jumping out of copper atoms is perpendicular to the surface, It describes that it is possible to form a film up to a deep part of a groove having a large aspect ratio.
- Patent Document 8 in copper having a purity of 99.999% or more, the average crystal grain size is controlled to 10 to 30 ⁇ m, and each of the orientations (111), (200), (220), and (311) is provided. It is described that uniformity and minimal particle generation can be achieved by having a random orientation with less than 50% of the particles.
- the size of the substrate such as a liquid crystal display for a large television has been increased, and the substrate size exceeding 2 m, such as 1870 mm ⁇ 2200 mm, has been achieved in the seventh generation. Accordingly, it is necessary to form a film on a large substrate also in a sputtering process for creating wiring, and even if the method described in the above-mentioned patent document is used, the thickness of the generated wiring film is different for each part of the substrate.
- the problems such as non-uniformity and the generation of coarse clusters become more obvious. Further, since the sputtering target itself used is also increased in size, the metal structure tends to be non-uniform for each portion of the sputtering target material, and the influence on film thickness accuracy and coarse cluster formation is increased.
- the present invention generates particles more uniformly than in the prior art when creating wiring in a sputtering process for a large substrate used in a TFT liquid crystal panel or the like, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a copper material for a sputtering target in which the generation frequency of the particles hardly changes even during use.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive researches on the above-described problems, and thereby the variation in the crystal grain size within the plane and the plane between the plane and the depth from the sputtering plane. It has been found that a copper material suitable for a sputtering target capable of producing a uniform wiring film can be provided by controlling the variation in thickness, preferably the same variation in hardness in addition to this. The present invention has been made based on this finding.
- the present invention (1) Made of high-purity copper having a purity of 99.99% or more, a sputtering surface, a surface parallel to the sputtering surface at a position of 1 ⁇ 4 plate thickness in the thickness direction from the sputtering surface, and the sputtering
- the arithmetic averages of the crystal grain sizes measured on the plane parallel to the sputtering surface at a position of 1 ⁇ 2 thickness from the surface to the thickness direction of the plate are 100 to 200 ⁇ m, respectively, within each measurement surface and between each measurement surface
- a copper material suitable for a sputtering target capable of producing a uniform wiring film can be provided.
- the copper material for sputtering target of the present invention generates particles more uniformly than before when creating wiring in a sputtering process on a large substrate used for a TFT liquid crystal panel or the like, and even during use Changes in the frequency of the particles are unlikely to occur.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of sampling of a measurement test in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of sampling of a measurement test in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of sampling of a measurement test in Example 2.
- the copper material for a sputtering target of the present invention has a microstructure in a plane parallel to the sputtering surface and the sputtering surface inside the plate in high purity copper (hereinafter simply referred to as “pure copper”) having a purity of 99.99% or more.
- pure copper high purity copper
- the crystal grain size is in a specific range, and in a preferred embodiment, the hardness is in a specific range.
- Electrolytic copper which is a raw material for producing a pure copper ingot, contains a certain amount of impurities, and they also appear in the pure copper ingot.
- impurities contain B, Al, Si, P, As, Sb, and Bi in an amount of 5 ppm or less. This is because these elements are elements used as dopants for Si semiconductors and may adversely affect semiconductor characteristics.
- a more preferable purity is 99.995% or more.
- the copper material for the sputtering target is required to have a uniform structure, it is desirable to have a recrystallized structure by breaking the non-uniform structure by casting solidification by hot working.
- the crystal grain size of the recrystallized structure is small, the total area of the crystal grain boundary is incidentally increased, but the crystal grain boundary is a part where the atomic arrangement is disturbed, and the ease of element jumping during sputtering is within the grain. Unlike this, the film to be formed tends to be non-uniform.
- the crystal grain size is large, high energy is required to make the target material fly off, and a large number of target atoms solidify and fly out, so that the formation of coarse clusters tends to be nonuniform.
- the arithmetic average of the crystal grain size is 100 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 120 to 180 ⁇ m, and more preferably 130 to 170 ⁇ m.
- Suppressing the variation of crystal grains is important for controlling the jumping out of the target material and forming a uniform film.
- the sputtering target material is scraped in the plate thickness direction during use, and is exchanged using about 1/3 to 1/2 of the plate thickness.
- uniformity within the surface of the target and within the plate is required.
- the standard deviation of the grain size distribution on the sputtering surface (one flat plate surface in the case of a flat plate) and on the plane parallel to the sputtering surface at 1/4 and 1/2 plate thickness positions from the sputtering surface is within 10 ⁇ m.
- the standard deviation of the crystal grain size is preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of samples for measuring the crystal grain size is 6 or more on each surface. The measurement points are equally divided into at least three in the longitudinal direction on each surface, and the number of measurements in each divided region is measured to be equal.
- the crystal grain size at each measurement location is the average grain size (crystal grain size) measured by JIS H 0501 (cutting method).
- the strain inherent in the copper material in order to affect the jump out of the target material.
- the strain inherent in the material varies from site to site, the energy differs from the surroundings, and the target material jumps out from site to site, making uniform film formation impossible.
- the strain inside the copper material can be evaluated by measuring the hardness. By controlling the inherent strain using hardness as a guide, a copper material with less variation can be provided.
- the arithmetic average of hardness ((micro) Vickers hardness) is preferably 51 to 100 Hv, and more preferably 51 to 90 Hv.
- the hardness is 100 Hv or less.
- O material oxygen-free copper
- the hardness is 51 to 59 Hv, “Copper product data Book (2nd edition) "(edited by Japan Copper and Brass Association, published on March 31, 2009, 2nd edition, page 61), and the value was set as the lower limit of the above preferred range.
- the upper limit value of a preferable range of hardness can be 100 Hv or less by suppressing the working rate of cold working to about 30% or less.
- a copper material having a hardness of 51 to 100 Hv can be easily obtained.
- cold working is performed to adjust the hardness.
- the processing rate is 0%, that is, the hardness in a completely annealed state (O material) is 51 to 59 Hv.
- O material the hardness in a completely annealed state
- the processing rate is increased, the hardness is gradually improved, and the processing rate is increased to 100 Hv at a processing rate of 30%. To reach. If the processing rate is too high, it exceeds 100 Hv, and the above-mentioned problem occurs.
- the hardness distribution on the sputtering surface and the plane parallel to the sputtering surface at the 1/4 and 1/2 plate thicknesses is controlled within a standard deviation of 5 Hv, similarly to the crystal grain size.
- a sputtering target having a uniform metal structure on the entire surface can be provided, and uniform film formation by sputtering becomes possible.
- the standard deviation of hardness exceeds 5 Hv, a non-uniform metal structure is formed and uniform film formation cannot be performed.
- the standard deviation of hardness is 3 Hv or less in each measurement plane and between each measurement plane.
- the number of samples for measuring the hardness is 6 or more on each surface. The measurement points are equally divided into at least three in the longitudinal direction on each surface, and the number of measurements in each divided region is measured to be equal.
- the method for producing a copper material for a sputtering target of the present invention is not particularly limited, but in order to control the crystal grain size and hardness on the sputtering surface and inside the plate, the following points in the production process: It is preferable to pay attention to.
- a preferred method for producing a copper material in the present invention includes steps of melt casting, hot working, cold rolling, and heat treatment. Further, a chamfering process may be included between the hot working and the cold working. Further, cold rolling and heat treatment may be repeated.
- hot working is hot rolling, hot extrusion, or the like, and refers to a process of working an ingot obtained by a melt casting process at a high temperature.
- the desired size of the crystal grains is obtained by hot working and water cooling at a cooling rate of 50 ° C./second or more immediately after the hot working. Can be controlled.
- immediate after hot working means that within hot rolling, it is within 60 seconds after coming out of the roll, and in hot extrusion, within 10 seconds after being extruded from the die. It means that.
- the heating temperature of the material made of pure copper before hot rolling is desirably 700 to 1000 ° C.
- the heating temperature of the material is lower than 700 ° C., sufficient dynamic recrystallization does not occur during extrusion, and a uniform metal structure cannot be obtained.
- the temperature is higher than 1000 ° C., it is difficult to control the crystal grain size.
- Hot rolling it is necessary not to stagnate the material in order to avoid local cooling of the material edge and the like due to heat removal from the transport roll and side edge roll. By avoiding cooling from the end, a uniform structure can be obtained over the entire surface of the material, and variations in crystal grain size and hardness inside the copper material can be reduced.
- Hot rolling is performed a plurality of passes, but it is desirable to cool by water cooling after the final pass.
- the time from immediately after the final pass to water cooling is within 60 seconds, and the water cooling rate is 50 ° C./second or more, more preferably 70 ° C./second or more.
- the cooling rate is more preferably 100 ° C./second or more.
- the upper limit of the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but in practice, it is usually about 300 ° C./second or less. Moreover, it is preferable to perform cooling until a material becomes 200 degrees C or less.
- the hot extrusion process of the present invention the extruded material can be immediately water-cooled without being exposed to the atmosphere, so that it is possible to cool at a high rate immediately after dynamic recrystallization. Therefore, a metal structure with little variation in temperature inside the material and a very small variation in crystal grain size and hardness in the longitudinal direction (direction from the front end to the rear end of the extruded material) and the width direction can be obtained.
- the processing temperature of the material before hot extrusion is preferably in the range of 700 to 1000 ° C.
- the heating temperature of the material is lower than 700 ° C., sufficient dynamic recrystallization does not occur during extrusion, and it is difficult to obtain a uniform metal structure.
- the temperature is higher than 1000 ° C., it is difficult to control the crystal grain size.
- the cooling rate is more preferably 100 ° C./second or more.
- the upper limit of the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but in practice, it is usually about 300 ° C./second or less. Moreover, it is preferable to perform cooling until a material becomes 200 degrees C or less. On the other hand, in hot forging, it is difficult to eliminate non-uniform cooling after forging at a size corresponding to the recent demand for larger targets, and a uniform crystal grain structure cannot be obtained.
- the material after hot working may be tempered by cold rolling and annealing.
- the total cold working rate is desirably 30% or less (including 0%, which means that rolling is not performed). When the total of the cold working rates exceeds 30%, the amount of strain inside the material increases, and the specified value of hardness tends to be exceeded.
- the material that is cooled immediately after hot working (hot extruding or hot rolling) and is cold-rolled as necessary is any machining such as lathe machining.
- the target shape is processed by, for example, and used for sputtering.
- Example 1 Invention Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 5 to 7) Ingots having a purity (mass%) shown in Table 1-1 and having a plate thickness of 150 mm, a width of 220 mm, and a length of 2100 mm were produced. After heating them at the heating temperature shown in Table 1-1, hot rolling was performed to prepare a base plate having a thickness of 23 mm, a width of 220 mm, and a length of about 13 m. During the hot rolling, the material was not stagnated on the transport roll, and the time from the final pass to water cooling was 45 seconds. Water cooling was performed at a rate of 50 ° C./second or more as shown in Table 1-1 by passing through a water cooling zone equipped with a shower.
- the oxide film on the surface of the obtained base plate was chamfered to a plate thickness of 22 mm, and then cold rolled to a thickness of 20 mm ⁇ width of 220 mm, and the edge portion was cut and removed to obtain a thickness of 20 mm ⁇ width.
- Copper materials for sputtering targets of Invention Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 5 to 7 having a flat plate size of 200 mm ⁇ length of about 12 m were prepared.
- Comparative Example 8 A copper material for a sputtering target of Comparative Example 8 was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the number of seconds from the final pass to water cooling was 90 seconds.
- Comparative Example 9 A copper material for a sputtering target of Comparative Example 9 was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the water cooling rate was 12 ° C./second. The change of the water cooling rate was adjusted by the passing speed and the shower flow rate in the water cooling zone.
- Comparative Example 10 A copper material for a sputtering target of Comparative Example 10 was prepared in the same manner as Examples 1 to 3 except that water cooling was not performed.
- Comparative Example 11 The sputtering of Comparative Example 11 was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the thickness after hot rolling was 31 mm, the oxide film on the surface was chamfered to 30 mm, and then cold rolled. A copper material for the target was prepared.
- the plate surface 22 shown in the explanatory view based on the schematic perspective view of FIG. 2, from the plate surface 22 to the plate thickness depth direction.
- Each of the surface 23 parallel to the plate surface 22 at the 1/4 plate thickness position and the surface 24 parallel to the plate surface 22 at the 1/2 plate thickness position from the plate surface 22 in the plate thickness depth direction
- a total of 18 places There are, grain size, and hardness were measured by the following method.
- 2A is a perspective view showing the entirety of the copper material 21.
- a dotted line 25 is a 1 ⁇ 4 plate thickness from the plate surface 22 in the plate thickness depth direction.
- the dotted line 26 indicates the position of 1/2 plate thickness from the plate surface 22 in the plate thickness depth direction.
- 2 (b) to 2 (c) correspond to exploded perspective views of the copper materials 21a, 21b, and 21c obtained by disassembling the copper material 21 of FIG. 2 (a) along dotted lines 25 and 26, respectively.
- the rolling tip (longitudinal tip) (61, 64, 67) is a surface 23 parallel to the plate surface 22 and a surface 24 parallel to the plate surface 22 at a position of 1/2 plate thickness from the plate surface 22.
- FIG. 3 is an overall perspective view (FIG. 3 (a)) and an exploded perspective view (FIGS. 3 (b) to (c)) of the copper material 21 similar to FIG. 2, and the same reference numerals in FIG. The symbols have the same meaning as in FIG.
- [1] Crystal grain size The crystal grain size in the copper material plate was measured based on JIS H 0501 (cutting method) by observing the microstructure in the above-described portions 31 to 36, 41 to 46, and 51 to 56.
- [2] Hardness The hardness of the copper material plate was measured with a micro Vickers hardness tester in accordance with JIS Z 2244 on the surfaces at the above-mentioned portions 31 to 36, 41 to 46, 51 to 56. .
- [3] Sputtering characteristics The obtained copper material plate was cut into a diameter of 6 inches (15.24 cm) and a thickness of 6 mm at positions 61 to 69 shown in FIG. 3 and polished to prepare a sputtering target.
- the roughness was all adjusted by polishing the maximum roughness Ra to 0.5 to 0.8 ⁇ m.
- a DC magnetron sputtering apparatus was used to perform sputtering on an OA-10 glass substrate manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. to produce a 0.3 ⁇ m-thick copper wiring.
- the sputtering conditions were an Ar gas pressure of 0.4 Pa and a discharge power of 12 W / cm 2 .
- heat treatment was performed in a vacuum at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Ten film thicknesses of the copper wiring after the heat treatment were measured. A plate with a maximum film thickness and a minimum film thickness range of ⁇ 7% at 90 points of total data of nine target materials cut out from the same plate is judged as “good”, and a plate with more variation than that is judged as “bad”. did.
- Example 2 (Invention Examples 101 to 103, Comparative Examples 105 to 108) A pure copper ingot having a purity shown in Table 2-1 and having a diameter of 300 mm and a length of 800 mm was produced as a billet for hot extrusion. The billet is heated to the heating temperature shown in Table 2-1, followed by extrusion. Subsequently, the extruded material is immediately cooled to 150 ° C. or less at a cooling rate shown in Table 2-1, and the element is 22 mm thick ⁇ 200 mm wide. I got a plate.
- the base plate was cold-rolled to produce copper materials for sputtering targets of Invention Examples 101 to 103 and Comparative Examples 105 to 108 of flat plates having a thickness of 20 mm ⁇ width of 200 mm ⁇ length of about 12 m.
- Example 104 The copper material for sputtering target according to Example 104 of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as Examples 101 to 103 of the present invention except that a base plate was prepared with a thickness of 27 mm after extrusion and a flat plate with a thickness of 20 mm was prepared by cold rolling. Created.
- Comparative Example 109 A copper material for a sputtering target of Comparative Example 109 was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 101 to 103 of the present invention except that a base plate having a thickness of 30 mm after extrusion was prepared and a flat plate having a thickness of 20 mm was prepared by cold rolling. did.
- Example 2 The obtained flat plate obtained by hot extrusion was examined for crystal grain size, hardness and sputtering characteristics in the same manner as in Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2-2.
- the inventive examples 101 to 104 all satisfy the characteristics. Since Comparative Example 105 had a large amount of impurities, the sputtering characteristics were poor. In Comparative Example 106, the deformation resistance of the material during hot extrusion was too high, and the sample could not be obtained because the material could not be extruded properly. In Comparative Examples 107 and 108, the arithmetic average and standard deviation of the crystal grain size were not specified, so that the sputtering characteristics were poor. In Comparative Example 109 (Comparative Example of the invention according to the item (2)), the specified value of the hardness arithmetic average deviated, so that a film having a uniform thickness was not obtained and the sputtering characteristics were poor.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献7には、表面に(110)面を向いた結晶の体積を80%以上にし、それらの結晶が表面から中心に均一に分布させることにより、銅原子の飛び出しを表面から垂直にさせ、アスペクト比の大きな溝の深奥部まで製膜可能にすることが記載されている。
特許文献8には、99.999%以上の純度の銅において、平均結晶粒径を10~30μmに制御し、(111)、(200)、(220)及び(311)の各々の配向を有する粒子の量を50%よりも少なくして、ランダムな配向を有することで、均一性及び最小の粒子発生を達成できることが記載されている。
本発明は、この知見に基づきなされたものである。
(1)純度が99.99%以上である高純度銅からなり、スパッタリング面、該スパッタリング面から板厚深さ方向に1/4板厚の位置でのスパッタリング面と平行な面、および該スパッタリング面から板厚深さ方向に1/2板厚の位置でのスパッタリング面と平行な面で測定した結晶粒径の算術平均がそれぞれ100~200μmであり、各測定面内および各測定面の間において、結晶粒径の標準偏差が10μm以内であることを特徴とする、スパッタリングターゲット用銅材料、
(2)スパッタリング面、該スパッタリング面から板厚深さ方向に1/4板厚の位置でのスパッタリング面と平行な面、および該スパッタリング面から板厚深さ方向に1/2板厚の位置でのスパッタリング面と平行な面で測定した硬さの算術平均がそれぞれ51~100Hvであり、各測定面内および各測定面の間において、前記硬さの標準偏差が5Hv以内であることを特徴とする、(1)に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料、
(3)熱間加工され、該熱間加工の直後に冷却速度50℃/秒以上で水冷されて製造されたことを特徴とする、(1)または(2)に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料、
(4)熱間加工され、該熱間加工の直後に冷却速度50℃/秒以上で水冷され、該水冷の後に、冷間圧延されて製造されたこと特徴とする、(1)または(2)に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料、
(5)(1)または(2)項記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を製造する方法であって、純度が99.99%以上である高純度銅を熱間加工する工程と、該熱間加工の直後に冷却速度50℃/秒以上で水冷する工程を含むことを特徴とする、スパッタリングターゲット用銅材料の製造方法、および
(6)該水冷の後に、冷間圧延率の総和が30%以下になるように冷間圧延する工程を含むことを特徴とする、(5)に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料の製造方法
を提供するものである。
本発明の上記及び他の特徴及び利点は、適宜添付の図面を参照して、下記の記載からより明らかになるであろう。
本発明において、結晶粒径の測定のサンプル数は、各面において、6個以上とする。測定箇所は各面において、長手方向に少なくとも3個に等分割し、各分割領域内の測定数が等しくなる数を測定するものとする。各測定箇所の結晶粒径は、JIS H 0501(切断法)により測定された平均粒径(結晶粒度)とする。
前述の通り、冷間加工は硬さの調節のために実施する。加工率0%、すなわち完全に焼きなまされた状態(O材)での硬さが51~59Hvであり、加工率を高くすると徐々に硬さが向上して、加工率30%で100Hvに到達する。加工率が高すぎると100Hvを超え、前述の問題が生じる。
本発明において、硬さの測定のサンプル数は、各面において、6個以上とする。測定箇所は各面において、長手方向に少なくとも3個に等分割し、各分割領域内の測定数が等しくなる数を測定するものとする。
熱間加工を熱間圧延プロセスで行う場合には、本発明では、熱間加工し、該熱間加工の直後に冷却速度50℃/秒以上で水冷することで、結晶粒の所望の大きさに制御することができる。ここで、熱間加工の直後とは、熱間圧延の場合にはロールより出てから60秒以内であることをいい、また、熱間押出の場合にはダイスより押し出されてから10秒以内であることをいう。
これらに対して、熱間鍛造では近年のターゲットの大型化要請に対応するサイズでは、鍛造後の冷却の不均一を解消することは難しく、均一な結晶粒組織を得ることができない。
(本発明例1~3、比較例5~7)
表1-1に示す純度(mass%)で板厚150mm、幅220mm、長さ2100mmのサイズの鋳塊を作製した。それらを表1-1に示す加熱温度にて加熱した後、熱間圧延を行い、厚さ23mm、幅220mm、長さ約13mの素板を作成した。熱間圧延時は材料が搬送ロール上で停滞することが無いように行い、最終パスから水冷までの時間を45秒で行った。水冷はシャワーが搭載された水冷ゾーンを通過させ、冷却速度を表1-1に示す50℃/秒以上の速度で行った。次いで得られた素板の表面の酸化膜を面削して板厚を22mmにした後、冷間圧延で厚さ20mm×幅220mmとし、さらにエッジ部分を切断除去することで厚さ20mm×幅200mm×長さ約12mの平板の本発明例1~3および比較例5~7のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を作成した。
最終パスから水冷までの秒数を90秒にした以外は、本発明例1~3と同様にして比較例8のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を作成した。
水冷速度を12℃/秒にした以外は、本発明例1~3と同様にして比較例9のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を作成した。なお水冷速度の変更は水冷帯での通過速度とシャワー流量にて調整した。
水冷を行わない以外は、本発明例1~3と同様にして比較例10のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を作成した。
熱間圧延上がりの板厚を28mmとし、表面の酸化膜を面削して、板厚を27mmにした後、冷間圧延した以外は、本発明例1~3と同様にして本発明例4のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を作成した。
熱間圧延上がりの板厚を31mmとし、表面の酸化膜を面削して、板厚を30mmにした後、冷間圧延した以外は本発明例1~3と同様にして比較例11のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を作成した。
また、図2中、図2(a)は銅材料21の全体を示す斜視図であり、図2(a)中、点線25は板表面22から板厚深さ方向に1/4板厚の位置を示し、点線26は板表面22から板厚深さ方向に1/2板厚の位置を示す。
また、図2(b)~(c)は、それぞれ、図2(a)の銅材料21を点線25および26にそって分解した、銅材料21a、21b、21cの分解斜視図に相当する。
銅材料板における結晶粒径は上述の部位31~36、41~46、51~56における面にてミクロ組織観察を行い、JIS H 0501(切断法)に基づき測定した。
[2]硬さ
銅材料板における硬さは、上述の部位31~36、41~46、51~56における面にてJIS Z 2244に準拠してマイクロビッカース硬さ試験機にて測定を行った。
[3]スパッタリング特性
得られた銅材料板から、図3に示す位置61~69にて直径φ6インチ(15.24cm)、厚さ6mmに切り出し、研磨を行ってスパッタリングターゲットを作成した。ターゲット面の粗さの影響を除外するため、粗さは全て最大粗さRaを0.5~0.8μmに研磨して揃えた。上述のように作成したスパッタリングターゲット用いて、DCマグネトロンスパッタリング装置にて、膜厚0.7mmの日本電気硝子社製OA-10ガラス基板にスパッタリングを実施し0.3μm膜厚の銅配線を作成した。スパッタリング条件はArガス圧力を0.4Pa、放電電力を12W/cm2とした。その後真空中にて300℃、30minの熱処理を行った。熱処理後の銅配線の膜厚を10点測定した。同じ板から切出したターゲット材9枚の総データ90点において最大膜厚および最小膜厚のレンジが±7%になった板を「良」、それ以上のバラつきが存在したものを「不良」とした。
また、比較例11(前記(2)項に係る発明の比較例)は硬さ算術平均の規定値が外れたため、均一な厚さの膜が得られずにスパッタリング特性が不良となった。
(本発明例101~103、比較例105~108)
表2-1に示す純度を有する直径300mm×長さ800mmの純銅の鋳塊を作製し、熱間押出用のビレットとした。前記ビレットを表2-1に示す加熱温度に加熱した後、押出を行い、続いて押出材を直ちに表2-1に示す冷却速度で150℃以下まで水冷して厚さ22mm×幅200mmの素板を得た。次いで前記素板を冷間にて圧延を行い、厚さ20mm×幅200mm×長さ約12mの平板の本発明例101~103および比較例105~108のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を製造した。
押出後板厚を27mmにして素板を作成し、冷間圧延にて厚さ20mmの平板を作成した以外は本発明例101~103と同様にして本発明例104のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を作成した。
押出後板厚を30mmにして素板を作成し、冷間圧延にて厚さ20mmの平板を作成した以外は本発明例101~103と同様にして比較例109のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を作成した。
2 ガラス基板
3 走査線
4 ゲート電極
5 絶縁膜
6 アモルファスシリコン層
7 リンをドープしたアモルファスシリコン層
8、9 ソース-ドレイン電極
10 窒化シリコンの保護膜
11 スズドープ酸化インジウム膜
12 バリア層
21 平板の銅材料
22 板表面
23 板表面から板厚深さ方向に1/4板厚位置で板表面と平行な面
24 板表面から板厚深さ方向に1/2板厚位置で板表面と平行な面
25 板表面から板厚深さ方向に1/4板厚の位置
26 板表面から板厚深さ方向に1/2板厚の位置
Claims (6)
- 純度が99.99%以上である高純度銅からなり、スパッタリング面、該スパッタリング面から板厚深さ方向に1/4板厚の位置でのスパッタリング面と平行な面、および該スパッタリング面から板厚深さ方向に1/2板厚の位置でのスパッタリング面と平行な面で測定した結晶粒径の算術平均がそれぞれ100~200μmであり、各測定面内および各測定面の間において、結晶粒径の標準偏差が10μm以内であることを特徴とする、スパッタリングターゲット用銅材料。
- スパッタリング面、該スパッタリング面から板厚深さ方向に1/4板厚の位置でのスパッタリング面と平行な面、および該スパッタリング面から板厚深さ方向に1/2板厚の位置でのスパッタリング面と平行な面で測定した硬さの算術平均がそれぞれ51~100Hvであり、各測定面内および各測定面の間において、前記硬さの標準偏差が5Hv以内であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料。
- 熱間加工され、該熱間加工の直後に冷却速度50℃/秒以上で水冷されて製造されたことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料。
- 熱間加工され、該熱間加工の直後に冷却速度50℃/秒以上で水冷され、該水冷の後に、冷間圧延されて製造されたこと特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料。
- 請求項1または2に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料を製造する方法であって、純度が99.99%以上である高純度銅を熱間加工する工程と、該熱間加工の直後に冷却速度50℃/秒以上で水冷する工程を含むことを特徴とする、スパッタリングターゲット用銅材料の製造方法。
- 該水冷の後に、冷間圧延率の総和が30%以下になるように冷間圧延する工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のスパッタリングターゲット用銅材料の製造方法。
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Cited By (5)
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JP2013019010A (ja) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-31 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | スパッタリングターゲット用銅材料およびその製造方法 |
JP2013133491A (ja) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-07-08 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | スパッタリング用銅ターゲット材及びスパッタリング用銅ターゲット材の製造方法 |
JP2014043643A (ja) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-03-13 | Kobelco Kaken:Kk | Cu合金薄膜形成用スパッタリングターゲットおよびその製造方法 |
DE112015000124B4 (de) * | 2014-04-11 | 2018-04-26 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Herstellungsverfahren für zylindrisches Sputter-Target-Material |
JP2022042859A (ja) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-15 | オリエンタル コッパー シーオー.エルティーディー. | 熱間押出プロセスからのスパッタリング法による薄膜コーティング技術のための銅ターゲットの製造 |
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US9165750B2 (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2015-10-20 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | High purity copper—manganese alloy sputtering target |
JP5783293B1 (ja) | 2014-04-22 | 2015-09-24 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 円筒型スパッタリングターゲット用素材 |
JP7309217B2 (ja) * | 2020-06-26 | 2023-07-18 | オリエンタル コッパー シーオー.エルティーディー. | スパッタリング法を使用した薄膜コーティングのための銅円筒型ターゲットを熱間押出技術から製造する方法 |
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TWI487802B (zh) | 2015-06-11 |
TW201127969A (en) | 2011-08-16 |
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