WO2011024760A1 - 風力発電用風車 - Google Patents
風力発電用風車 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011024760A1 WO2011024760A1 PCT/JP2010/064184 JP2010064184W WO2011024760A1 WO 2011024760 A1 WO2011024760 A1 WO 2011024760A1 JP 2010064184 W JP2010064184 W JP 2010064184W WO 2011024760 A1 WO2011024760 A1 WO 2011024760A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- windmill
- wind turbine
- wind
- power generation
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000033748 Device issues Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0084—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours provided with safety means
- B01D46/0086—Filter condition indicators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
- F03D80/55—Cleaning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/60—Fluid transfer
- F05B2260/63—Preventing clogging or obstruction of flow paths by dirt, dust, or foreign particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/60—Fluid transfer
- F05B2260/64—Aeration, ventilation, dehumidification or moisture removal of closed spaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind turbine for wind power generation.
- Patent Document 1 As a wind turbine for wind power generation, for example, the one disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
- heat generating devices such as a drive train, a generator, and a control device are accommodated, and some fans and a filter for cooling the heat generating device with air are provided.
- the filter removes impurities such as dust, rainwater, snow particles, salt particles, etc. from the outside air taken into the wind turbine for wind power generation. There is a risk that it will not be possible. Therefore, at present, the filter is inspected regularly (every preset period), and if the filter is clogged or clogged, the filter can be replaced, Cleaning (cleaning) is performed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is capable of accurately grasping clogging of a filter and capable of always properly cooling a heating device housed in a wind turbine for wind power generation.
- the purpose is to provide a wind turbine for power generation.
- a wind turbine for wind power generation includes a column that is erected on a foundation, a nacelle that is installed at the upper end of the column, and a rotor head that is rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis and is pivotally supported by the nacelle.
- a wind turbine including a heat generating device therein, provided on the outer surface of the wind turbine, an intake port for taking outside air into the wind turbine to cool the heat generating device, and provided on the outer surface of the wind turbine, An exhaust port for exhausting internal air to the outside of the wind turbine, an impurity removal mechanism for removing impurities contained in the outside air, provided on an air path from the intake port to the exhaust port; and For the parameter that is the condition determination criterion, the reference value data input in advance and the latest data acquired in a state where the wind speed outside the wind turbine is substantially stable are compared, and the state of the impurity removal mechanism And a control unit for determining.
- the impurity removing mechanism is a filter, and it is determined that the filter is clogged due to accumulation of impurities as its state.
- the internal temperature of the windmill immediately before the fan is continuously operated as the latest data From the above, it is more preferable to use the actual operation time required until the internal temperature of the windmill is lowered by a predetermined temperature after the fan is continuously operated.
- the reference value data may be obtained when the filter is clogged or the filter is clogged and the fan is continuously operated for a certain period of time.
- the temperature change amount set as the difference between the internal temperature of the windmill immediately before the fan is continuously operated for a certain period of time and the internal temperature of the windmill immediately after the fan is continuously operated for a certain period of time As data, actual temperature change obtained as an actual difference between the internal temperature of the windmill immediately before the fan is continuously operated for a certain period of time and the internal temperature of the windmill immediately after the windmill fan is continuously operated for a certain period of time It is more preferred to use an amount.
- an anemometer is disposed near the downstream side of the filter or on the air flow path in the wind turbine, and the filter is clogged as the reference value data, or the filter It is more preferable to use the wind speed set as the wind speed that will be measured in a state of being clogged, and to use the actual wind speed acquired by the anemometer while the fan is continuously operated as the latest data. It is.
- the pressure on the upstream side of the differential pressure gauge for measuring the difference between the pressure in the vicinity of the upstream side of the filter and the pressure in the vicinity of the downstream side of the filter or the air flow path in the wind turbine
- a differential pressure gauge for measuring the difference from the pressure on the downstream side is arranged, and the reference value data will be measured when the filter is clogged or clogged. More preferably, a pressure difference set as a pressure difference is used, and an actual pressure difference acquired by the differential pressure gauge while the fan is continuously operated is used as the latest data.
- the acquisition of the latest data is set to be performed under a wind speed lower than the cut-in wind speed.
- the acquisition of the latest data is performed at night and / or at a time when the temperature is stable and the temperature is stable without being affected by solar radiation. is there.
- Such a wind turbine for wind power generation eliminates the effects of solar radiation and changes in temperature, so more accurate data can be collected and filter clogging can be grasped more accurately. can do.
- a wind turbine for wind power generation includes a column that is erected on a foundation, a nacelle that is installed at the upper end of the column, and a rotor head that is rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis and is pivotally supported by the nacelle.
- a wind turbine including a heat generating device therein, provided on the outer surface of the wind turbine, an intake port for taking outside air into the wind turbine to cool the heat generating device, and provided on the outer surface of the wind turbine, An exhaust port for exhausting internal air to the outside of the wind turbine, an impurity removal mechanism for removing impurities contained in the outside air provided on an air path from the intake port to the exhaust port, and the impurity removal mechanism
- the impurity removal mechanism is clogged when the fan provided on the path leading to the exhaust port and promoting the intake of outside air and the operating rate of the fan exceeds a preset threshold value, or Pure object removal mechanism and a control unit to determine that about to clogging.
- the clogging of the filter can be accurately grasped, and the heat generating device accommodated in the wind turbine can always be appropriately cooled.
- the wind turbine for wind power generation it is possible to accurately grasp the clogging of the filter, and it is possible to always cool the heat generating device accommodated in the wind turbine appropriately.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a wind turbine for wind power generation according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which simplified and showed the inside of the nacelle shown in FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating operation
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a wind turbine for wind power generation according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the interior of the nacelle shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is provided with the wind turbine for wind power generation according to the present invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating operation
- a wind turbine 1 for wind power generation includes a column (also referred to as “tower”) 2 standing on a foundation B, a nacelle 3 installed at the upper end of the column 2, and a substantially horizontal axis. And a rotor head 4 provided on the nacelle 3 so as to be rotatable around.
- a plurality of (for example, three) wind turbine rotor blades 5 are attached to the rotor head 4 in a radial pattern around the rotation axis. As a result, the force of wind striking the wind turbine rotor blade 5 from the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor head 4 is converted into power for rotating the rotor head 4 around the rotation axis.
- the support column 2 is configured by connecting a plurality of (for example, three) units (not shown) vertically.
- the nacelle 3 is installed on a unit provided at the uppermost part of the units constituting the column 2, and a nacelle base plate (not shown) attached to the upper end of the column 2 and the nacelle base plate are arranged from above. And a cover 6 for covering.
- a (first) exhaust fan 11, a lubricating oil cooler (heat exchanger) 12, a (second) exhaust fan 13, and a filter 14 are provided inside the nacelle 3. .
- the exhaust fan 11 and the lubricating oil cooler 12 are provided at the top of the cover 6 and are disposed in an exhaust passage 15 that opens toward the rear surface (the surface opposite to the front surface 6 a facing the rotor head 4) 6 b of the nacelle 3.
- the exhaust passage 15 is discharged from the outlet ((first) exhaust port) 15 a to the outside of the nacelle 3.
- a speed increaser (not shown) that transmits the rotation of a rotating shaft (not shown) connected (coupled) to the rotor head 4 to a generator (not shown)
- Lubricating oil supplied to a bearing (not shown) or the like that supports and supports the rotating shaft connected (coupled) to the rotor head 4 is warmed (heat is removed from the speed increaser or the bearing) so that the lubricating oil passes therethrough. It has become.
- the lubricating oil cooled by the lubricating oil cooler 12 (heat is taken away by the internal air of the nacelle 3 sent out by the exhaust fan 11) is supplied (returned) again to the speed increaser, the bearing, etc.
- Speed machines and bearings are cooled.
- the exhaust fan 13 is provided in the vicinity of the upstream side of the (second) exhaust port 16 provided and opened on the back surface 6b of the cover 6, and the internal air of the nacelle 3 sent out by the exhaust fan 13 16 is also discharged to the outside of the nacelle 3.
- the filter 14 removes impurities such as dust, rainwater, snow particles, salt particles, etc. from outside air taken into the nacelle 3 (outside air of the nacelle 3).
- the filter 14 is provided at the lower end of the front surface 6a and has an opening. It is provided in the vicinity of the downstream side of the intake port 17.
- outside air flows into the nacelle 3 so as to supplement the internal air of the nacelle 3 discharged through the exhaust ports 15 a and 16, and is arranged (accommodated) inside the nacelle 3.
- the generated heat generating devices (drive train, generator, control device, etc.) not shown are cooled by the outside air taken into the nacelle 3 through the intake port 17 and the filter 14.
- clogging of the filter 14 is monitored (monitored) according to the flowchart shown in FIG. That is, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time (for example, two weeks or one month) has elapsed since the end of the previous monitoring (measurement). If the predetermined time has elapsed, the process proceeds to the next step, and the environment Whether or not the condition is satisfied, in other words, the wind speed outside the nacelle 3 becomes a slight wind (cut-in wind speed (wind speed (eg, 3 m / s) at which power generation is started (eg, 1 m / s)). If the environmental condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to the next step.
- a predetermined time for example, two weeks or one month
- the process proceeds to the next step after waiting for the environmental condition to be satisfied.
- the test mode is entered, and the cooling system disposed inside the nacelle 3, that is, the exhaust fans 11 and 13 are continuously operated.
- the test mode power generation is stopped, the parking brake is maintained in a released state, and the rotor head 4, the windmill rotor blade 5, and the drive train are rotated by wind.
- test mode it is sequentially determined whether or not the environmental condition is satisfied. If the environmental condition is satisfied, the test mode is continued and a predetermined test time (for example, required for obtaining necessary data) 10 minutes), the process proceeds to the next step. On the other hand, when the environmental condition is not satisfied in the middle of the test mode, that is, when the wind speed becomes equal to or higher than the cut-in wind speed, the test mode is terminated and power generation is started (resumed). Then, after waiting for environmental conditions to be satisfied, the test mode is entered again.
- a predetermined test time for example, required for obtaining necessary data
- the parameters that are the criteria for determining the state of the filter 14 are the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system is continuously operated and the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system is continuously operated.
- the operation time required for the temperature to drop to a predetermined temperature for example, 5 ° C. is used, and these data are accumulated (stored) in the control device.
- the data primary analysis mode is entered.
- the control device performs a comparative study between the reference value data serving as a reference input (stored) in the control device in advance and the latest data newly acquired this time. If it is determined that there is an abnormality, that is, the filter 14 is clogged or the filter 14 is clogged, the control device issues an alarm. On the other hand, if the control device determines that there is no abnormality, that is, the filter 14 is not clogged or the filter 14 is not clogged, a new predetermined time (next monitoring (measurement) is performed). Counting for a predetermined time until the start).
- the comparative study between the reference value data and the latest data newly acquired this time is based on the reference operating time (that is, the filter 14 is clogged) that is input (saved) in advance in the control device.
- the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 is set to a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.) by continuously operating the cooling system.
- the latest data together with the alarm is transmitted (transmitted) to a control room (not shown) where the monitor is present, and the data is analyzed by the monitor. .
- the monitor 14 determines that the filter 14 is clogged or the filter 14 is clogged, that is, when the performance deterioration of the filter 14 is recognized.
- the judgment result is transmitted (transmitted) from the control room to the wind turbine generator for wind power generation, and the control device starts counting a new predetermined time (predetermined time until the next monitoring (measurement) is started).
- the wind turbine 1 for wind power generation According to the wind turbine 1 for wind power generation according to the present embodiment, clogging of the filter 14 can be accurately grasped, and the heat generating device accommodated in the nacelle 3 can always be appropriately cooled. According to the wind turbine 1 for wind power generation according to the present embodiment, data is acquired at a wind speed lower than the cut-in wind speed at which power generation is not performed. Therefore, a decrease in power generation efficiency can be avoided, and the generator Can be operated to the maximum.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the interior of the nacelle of the wind turbine for wind power generation according to this embodiment.
- the wind turbine 21 for wind power generation according to this embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment described above in that an anemometer 22 is provided in the vicinity of the downstream side of the filter 14. Since other components are the same as those of the first embodiment described above, description of these components is omitted here.
- the same members as those in the embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- an anemometer 22 is provided in the vicinity of the downstream side of the filter 14, and outside air (nacelle 3) that flows into the nacelle 3 through the filter 14 by the anemometer 22.
- the wind speed (flow velocity: air volume) of the outside air is measured (measured).
- the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system is continuously operated and the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system is continuously operated are reduced by a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.).
- the anemometer 22 measures the wind speed of the outside air that has flowed into the nacelle 3 through the filter 14 instead of measuring the operating time required. That is, the control device according to the present embodiment determines whether or not a predetermined time (for example, two weeks or one month) has elapsed since the end of the previous monitoring (measurement), and when the predetermined time has elapsed.
- test mode power generation is stopped, the parking brake is maintained in a released state, and the rotor head 4, the windmill rotor blade 5, and the drive train are rotated by wind. At this time, the data measured by the anemometer 22 is sequentially output (transmitted) to the control device.
- test mode it is sequentially determined whether or not the environmental condition is satisfied. If the environmental condition is satisfied, the test mode is continued and a predetermined test time (for example, required for obtaining necessary data) 10 minutes), the process proceeds to the next step. On the other hand, when the environmental condition is not satisfied in the middle of the test mode, that is, when the wind speed becomes equal to or higher than the cut-in wind speed, the test mode is terminated and power generation is started (resumed). Then, after waiting for environmental conditions to be satisfied, the test mode is entered again.
- the necessary data in the present embodiment is the wind speed measured by the anemometer 22, and this data is accumulated (stored) in the control device.
- the data primary analysis mode is entered.
- the control device performs a comparative study between the reference value data serving as a reference input (stored) in the control device in advance and the latest data newly acquired this time. If it is determined that there is an abnormality, that is, the filter 14 is clogged or the filter 14 is clogged, the control device issues an alarm. On the other hand, if the control device determines that there is no abnormality, that is, the filter 14 is not clogged or the filter 14 is not clogged, a new predetermined time (next monitoring (measurement) is performed). Counting for a predetermined time until the start).
- the comparison between the reference value data and the latest data newly acquired this time is based on the reference wind speed (that is, the filter 14 is clogged) that is input (stored) in advance in the control device. Or the wind speed set (assumed as the wind speed that would be measured when the filter 14 is about to become clogged)) and the actual wind speed newly acquired by the anemometer while the cooling system is continuously operated. If the newly acquired wind speed is less than or equal to the reference wind speed, the control unit determines that there is an abnormality and the newly acquired wind speed exceeds the reference wind speed. The control device determines that “no abnormality”.
- the latest data together with the alarm is transmitted (transmitted) to a control room (not shown) where the monitor is present, and the data is analyzed by the monitor. .
- the monitor 14 determines that the filter 14 is clogged or the filter 14 is clogged, that is, when the performance deterioration of the filter 14 is recognized.
- the inspection / maintenance of the filter 14 is performed and the filter 14 is not clogged, or the monitor judges that the filter 14 is not clogged, that is, when the performance of the filter 14 is not deteriorated. Is transmitted (transmitted) from the control room to the wind turbine control device for wind power generation, and the control device starts counting a new predetermined time (predetermined time until the next monitoring (measurement) starts). .
- the wind turbine 21 for wind power generation According to the wind turbine 21 for wind power generation according to the present embodiment, clogging of the filter 14 can be accurately grasped, and the heat generating device accommodated in the nacelle 3 can always be appropriately cooled. According to the wind turbine 21 for wind power generation according to the present embodiment, data is acquired at a wind speed lower than the cut-in wind speed at which power generation is not performed. Can be operated to the maximum.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the inside of the nacelle of the wind turbine for wind power generation according to the present embodiment.
- the wind turbine 31 for wind power generation according to the present embodiment has a difference between the pressure (static pressure or dynamic pressure) in the vicinity of the upstream side of the filter 14 and the pressure (static pressure or dynamic pressure) in the vicinity of the downstream side of the filter 14 (that is, This is different from the first embodiment described above in that a differential pressure gauge 32 for measuring (measuring) the differential pressure before and after the filter 14 is provided. Since other components are the same as those of the first embodiment described above, description of these components is omitted here. The same members as those in the embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- a differential pressure gauge 32 that measures the difference between the pressure near the upstream side of the filter 14 and the pressure near the downstream side of the filter 14 is provided.
- the wind pressure difference (differential pressure, air volume) of the outside air passing through the filter 14 (outside air of the nacelle 3) is measured.
- the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system is continuously operated and the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system is continuously operated are reduced by a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.).
- a predetermined temperature for example, 5 ° C.
- the differential pressure gauge 32 measures the wind pressure difference before and after the filter 14. That is, the control device according to the present embodiment determines whether or not a predetermined time (for example, two weeks or one month) has elapsed since the end of the previous monitoring (measurement), and when the predetermined time has elapsed.
- test mode power generation is stopped, the parking brake is maintained in a released state, and the rotor head 4, the windmill rotor blade 5, and the drive train are rotated by wind. At this time, the data measured by the differential pressure gauge 32 is sequentially output (transmitted) to the control device.
- test mode it is sequentially determined whether or not the environmental condition is satisfied. If the environmental condition is satisfied, the test mode is continued and a predetermined test time (for example, required for obtaining necessary data) 10 minutes), the process proceeds to the next step. On the other hand, when the environmental condition is not satisfied in the middle of the test mode, that is, when the wind speed becomes equal to or higher than the cut-in wind speed, the test mode is terminated and power generation is started (resumed). Then, after waiting for environmental conditions to be satisfied, the test mode is entered again. Necessary data in the present embodiment is a differential pressure before and after the filter 14 measured by the differential pressure gauge 32, and this data is accumulated (stored) in the control device.
- the data primary analysis mode is entered.
- the control device performs a comparative study between the reference value data serving as a reference input (stored) in the control device in advance and the latest data newly acquired this time. If it is determined that there is an abnormality, that is, the filter 14 is clogged or the filter 14 is clogged, the control device issues an alarm. On the other hand, if the control device determines that there is no abnormality, that is, the filter 14 is not clogged or the filter 14 is not clogged, a new predetermined time (next monitoring (measurement) is performed). Counting for a predetermined time until the start).
- the comparison between the reference value data and the latest data newly acquired this time is based on the reference wind pressure difference (that is, the filter 14 is clogged) that is input (saved) in advance in the control device. Or is set (assumed) as a wind pressure difference that will be measured in a state where the filter 14 is clogged, and the newly acquired wind pressure difference is compared with this time.
- the control device determines that there is an abnormality, and when the newly acquired differential pressure is less than or equal to the reference differential pressure, the control device It is judged that there is no abnormality.
- the latest data together with the alarm is transmitted (transmitted) to a control room (not shown) where the monitor is present, and the data is analyzed by the monitor. .
- the monitor 14 determines that the filter 14 is clogged or the filter 14 is clogged, that is, when the performance deterioration of the filter 14 is recognized.
- the inspection / maintenance of the filter 14 is performed and the filter 14 is not clogged, or the monitor judges that the filter 14 is not clogged, that is, when the performance of the filter 14 is not deteriorated.
- the judgment result is transmitted (transmitted) from the control room to the wind turbine generator for wind power generation, and the control device starts counting a new predetermined time (predetermined time until the next monitoring (measurement) is started).
- the clogging of the filter 14 can be accurately grasped, and the heat generating device accommodated in the nacelle 3 can always be properly cooled.
- the wind turbine 1 for wind power generation according to the present embodiment since data acquisition is performed under a wind speed lower than the cut-in wind speed in which power generation is not performed, a decrease in power generation efficiency can be avoided, The generator can be operated to the maximum.
- the environmental conditions in the above-described embodiment include conditions such as limiting to nighttime that is not affected by solar radiation and / or conditions limiting to a time zone in which temperature change is small and temperature is stable. Thereby, since the influence by solar radiation and the influence by the change of temperature are excluded, more accurate data can be collected and the time of inspection maintenance of the filter 14 can be grasped more accurately.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications and changes can be appropriately made as necessary without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.
- clogging of the filter 14 can also be determined based on the operating rate of the cooling system that is constantly monitored (monitored), that is, the operating rate of the exhaust fans 11 and 13.
- the exhaust fans 11 and 13 are set to operate when the temperature inside the nacelle is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, and to stop when the temperature is lower than the predetermined value. That is, when the operating rate exceeds a preset (assumed) threshold value, the temperature in the nacelle continues to be equal to or higher than a predetermined value, “abnormal”, that is, the filter 14 is clogged.
- the filter 14 If the operation rate is equal to or less than a preset (assumed) threshold value, “no abnormality”, that is, the filter 14 is not clogged, or It can also be determined that the filter 14 is not clogged. In this case, there is no need to add a sensor or the like for measuring (measuring) the operation rate, which is the most advantageous method in terms of cost.
- the test mode is set to enter when the wind speed is light. However, if the wind speed is substantially stable (substantially constant), the test mode is entered when the wind speed is equal to or higher than the cut-in wind speed. It can also be set to enter.
- the primary analysis of data is performed by the control device accommodated in the nacelle 3, but this control device is arranged in the control room where the supervisor is present, and the nacelle 3 It is also possible to perform a primary analysis of data based on data sent from each sensor (temperature sensor (not shown), anemometer 22, differential pressure gauge 32, etc.) arranged to the control device.
- each sensor temperature sensor (not shown), anemometer 22, differential pressure gauge 32, etc.) arranged to the control device.
- the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system is continuously operated and the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system is continuously operated are set to a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.). ) The operating time required until the temperature decreased was measured. Instead, the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately before the cooling system was continuously operated for a certain period of time and the internal temperature of the nacelle 3 immediately after the cooling system was continuously operated for a certain period of time. It is also possible to use the temperature change amount obtained as the difference.
- the anemometer 22 is provided in the vicinity of the downstream side of the filter 14, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the flow path on the air flow path in the nacelle 3 is not limited thereto. Any location can be used as long as the flow velocity of air passing through the location can be measured.
- the differential pressure gauge 32 that measures the difference between the pressure in the vicinity of the upstream side of the filter 14 and the pressure in the vicinity of the downstream side of the filter 14 is provided, but the present invention is limited to this. Instead, a differential pressure gauge that measures the difference between the pressure upstream of the flow path and the pressure downstream of the flow path may be provided on the air flow path in the nacelle 3.
- each of the above-described embodiments is a form for cooling the heat generating device in the nacelle, but these are merely examples of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the present invention is applicable even when the heat generating device is stored in a place other than the nacelle (such as in the tower or the rotor head).
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Abstract
Description
そこで、現状では、定期的(予め設定された期間毎)にフィルタの点検を行い、フィルタが目詰まりしている、またはフィルタが目詰まりしかかっている場合には、フィルタを交換したり、フィルタの洗浄(清掃)を行うようにしている。
本発明に係る風力発電用風車は、基礎上に立設される支柱と、この支柱の上端に設置されたナセルと、略水平な軸線周りに回転可能にして前記ナセルに軸支されるロータヘッドとを備え、内部に発熱機器を収容してなる風車において、前記風車外面に設けられ、前記発熱機器を冷却するために外気を風車内部に取り込む吸気口と、前記風車外面に設けられ、前記風車内部の空気を前記風車外部に排気する排気口と、前記吸気口から前記排気口に至る空気の経路上に設けられ、外気中に含まれる不純物を除去する不純物除去機構と、前記不純物除去機構の状態判断基準であるパラメータについて、予め入力された基準値データと、前記風車外部の風速が略安定している状態で取得された最新のデータとを比較検討し、前記不純物除去機構の状態を判断する制御装置とを備えている。
図1は本実施形態に係る風力発電用風車を示す側面図、図2は図1に示すナセルの内部を簡略化して示した断面図、図3は本発明に係る風力発電用風車が具備する制御装置の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。
図面の簡略化を図るため、図3には、本発明に直接関係する構成要素のみを示している。
ロータヘッド4には、その回転軸線周りに放射状にして複数枚(例えば、3枚)の風車回転翼5が取り付けられている。これにより、ロータヘッド4の回転軸線方向から風車回転翼5に当たった風の力が、ロータヘッド4を回転軸線周りに回転させる動力に変換されるようになっている。
ナセル3は、支柱2を構成するユニットのうち、最上部に設けられるユニット上に設置されており、支柱2の上端に取り付けられるナセル台板(図示せず)と、このナセル台板を上方から覆うカバー6とを有している。
排気ファン11および潤滑油冷却器12は、カバー6の頂部に設けられて、ナセル3の背面(ロータヘッド4と対向する正面6aと反対側の面)6bに向かって開口する排気通路15内に設けられており、排気ファン11によって送出されたナセル3の内部空気は、潤滑油冷却器12で熱交換された(潤滑油冷却器12の内部を通過する潤滑油から熱を奪い去った)後、排気通路15の出口((第1の)排気口)15aからナセル3の外部に排出される。
フィルタ14は、ナセル3の内部に取り込まれる外気(ナセル3の外部空気)中から粉塵、雨水、雪粒子、塩粒子等の不純物を取り除くものであって、正面6aの下端部に設けられて開口する吸気口17の下流側近傍に設けられている。吸気口17およびフィルタ14からは、排気口15a,16を介して排出されたナセル3の内部空気を補うようにして、外気がナセル3の内部に流入し、ナセル3の内部に配置(収容)された図示しない発熱機器(ドライブトレイン、発電機、制御装置等)が、吸気口17およびフィルタ14を介してナセル3の内部に取り込まれた外気により冷却されるようになっている。
すなわち、前回の監視(計測)を終えた時点から所定時間(例えば、2週間または1ヶ月)経過したか否かを判断し、所定時間経過している場合には次のステップに進んで、環境条件が満たされているか否か、言い換えれば、ナセル3の外部の風速が微風(カットイン風速(発電を開始する風速(例えば、3m/s))を下回る風速(例えば、1m/s))になっているか否かを判断し、環境条件が満たされていれば、次のステップに進む。一方、環境条件が満たされていない場合には、環境条件が満たされるのを待って次のステップに進むことになる。
環境条件が満たされたら(整ったら)テストモードに入り、ナセル3の内部に配置された冷却システム、すなわち、排気ファン11,13を連続稼働させる。
テストモードでは、発電が停止され、パーキングブレーキが解放状態のまま維持されて、ロータヘッド4、風車回転翼5、およびドライブトレインが風まかせで回転するようになっている。
本実施形態においては、フィルタ14の状態判断基準であるパラメータとして、冷却システムを連続稼働させる直前のナセル3の内部温度、および冷却システムを連続稼働させる直前のナセル3の内部温度からナセル3の内部温度が所定温度(例えば、5℃)下がるまでに要した稼働時間を用いており、これらデータは、制御装置内に蓄積(保存)される。
本実施形態において、基準値データと、今回新たに取得された最新のデータとの比較検討は、制御装置内に予め入力(保存)された基準となる稼働時間(すなわち、フィルタ14が目詰まりしている、またはフィルタ14が目詰まりしかかっている状態で、冷却システムを連続稼働させる直前のナセル3の内部温度から、冷却システムを連続稼働させてナセル3の内部温度が所定温度(例えば、5℃)下がるまでに要するであろう稼働時間として設定(想定)された時間)と、今回新たに取得された稼働時間(すなわち、冷却システムを連続稼働させる直前のナセル3の内部温度から、冷却システムを連続稼働させてナセル3の内部温度が所定温度下がるまでに要した実際の稼働時間)とを比較して行われ、今回新たに取得された稼働時間が基準となる稼働時間を超えた場合、制御装置は「異常あり」と判断し、今回新たに取得された稼働時間が基準となる稼働時間以下の場合、制御装置は「異常なし」と判断する。
本実施形態に係る風力発電用風車1によれば、発電を行わないカットイン風速を下回る風速下でデータの取得が行われることになるので、発電効率の低下を回避することができ、発電機を最大限稼働させることができる。
図4は本実施形態に係る風力発電用風車のナセルの内部を簡略化して示した断面図である。
本実施形態に係る風力発電用風車21は、フィルタ14の下流側近傍に風速計22が設けられているという点で上述した第1実施形態のものと異なる。その他の構成要素については上述した第1実施形態のものと同じであるので、ここではそれら構成要素についての説明は省略する。
上述した実施形態と同一の部材には同一の符号を付している。
すなわち、本実施形態に係る制御装置では、前回の監視(計測)を終えた時点から所定時間(例えば、2週間または1ヶ月)経過したか否かを判断し、所定時間経過している場合には次のステップに進んで、環境条件が満たされているか否か、言い換えれば、風速が微風(カットイン風速(発電を開始する風速)を下回る風速(例えば、1m/s))になっているか否かを判断し、環境条件が満たされていれば、次のステップに進む。一方、環境条件が満たされていない場合には、環境条件が満たされるのを待って次のステップに進むことになる。
環境条件が満たされたら(整ったら)テストモードに入り、ナセル3の内部に配置された冷却システム、すなわち、排気ファン11,13を連続稼働させる。
テストモードでは、発電が停止され、パーキングブレーキが解放状態のまま維持されて、ロータヘッド4、風車回転翼5、およびドライブトレインが風まかせで回転するようになっている。このとき、風速計22により測定されたデータは、制御装置に逐次出力(伝達)されるようになっている。
本実施形態における必要なデータとは、風速計22により測定された風速のことであり、このデータは、制御装置内に蓄積(保存)される。
本実施形態において、基準値データと、今回新たに取得された最新のデータとの比較検討は、制御装置内に予め入力(保存)された基準となる風速(すなわち、フィルタ14が目詰まりしている、またはフィルタ14が目詰まりしかかっている状態で測定されるであろう風速として設定(想定)された風速)と、冷却システムを連続稼働させて風速計で今回新たに取得された実際の風速とを比較して行われ、今回新たに取得された風速が基準となる風速以下の場合、制御装置は「異常あり」と判断し、今回新たに取得された風速が基準となる風速を上回る場合、制御装置は「異常なし」と判断する。
本実施形態に係る風力発電用風車21によれば、発電を行わないカットイン風速を下回る風速下でデータの取得が行われることになるので、発電効率の低下を回避することができ、発電機を最大限稼働させることができる。
図5は本実施形態に係る風力発電用風車のナセルの内部を簡略化して示した断面図である。
本実施形態に係る風力発電用風車31は、フィルタ14の上流側近傍の圧力(静圧または動圧)と、フィルタ14の下流側近傍の圧力(静圧または動圧)との差(すなわち、フィルタ14前後の差圧)を測定(計測)する差圧計32が設けられているという点で上述した第1実施形態のものと異なる。その他の構成要素については上述した第1実施形態のものと同じであるので、ここではそれら構成要素についての説明は省略する。
上述した実施形態と同一の部材には同一の符号を付している。
すなわち、本実施形態に係る制御装置では、前回の監視(計測)を終えた時点から所定時間(例えば、2週間または1ヶ月)経過したか否かを判断し、所定時間経過している場合には次のステップに進んで、環境条件が満たされているか否か、言い換えれば、風速が微風(カットイン風速(発電を開始する風速)を下回る風速(例えば、1m/s))になっているか否かを判断し、環境条件が満たされていれば、次のステップに進む。一方、環境条件が満たされていない場合には、環境条件が満たされるまで次のステップには進まず、環境条件が満たされるのを待つことになる。
環境条件が満たされたら(整ったら)テストモードに入り、ナセル3の内部に配置された冷却システム、すなわち、排気ファン11,13を連続稼働させる。
テストモードでは、発電が停止され、パーキングブレーキが解放状態のまま維持されて、ロータヘッド4、風車回転翼5、およびドライブトレインが風まかせで回転するようになっている。このとき、差圧計32により測定されたデータは、制御装置に逐次出力(伝達)されるようになっている。
本実施形態における必要なデータとは、差圧計32により測定されたフィルタ14前後の差圧のことであり、このデータは、制御装置内に蓄積(保存)される。
本実施形態において、基準値データと、今回新たに取得された最新のデータとの比較検討は、制御装置内に予め入力(保存)された基準となる風圧差(すなわち、フィルタ14が目詰まりしている、またはフィルタ14が目詰まりしかかっている状態で測定されるであろう風圧差として設定(想定)された風圧差と、今回新たに取得された風圧差とを比較して行われ、今回新たに取得された風圧差が基準となる差圧を上回る場合、制御装置は「異常あり」と判断し、今回新たに取得された差圧が基準となる差圧以下の場合、制御装置は「異常なし」と判断する。
また、本実施形態に係る風力発電用風車1によれば、発電を行わないカットイン風速を下回る風速下でデータの取得が行われることになるので、発電効率の低下を回避することができ、発電機を最大限稼働させることができる。
これにより、日射による影響や気温の変化による影響が排除されることになるので、より正確なデータを収集することができて、フィルタ14の点検メンテナンスの時期をより正確に把握することができる。
例えば、上述した第1実施形態と第2実施形態、第1実施形態と第3実施形態、第2実施形態と第3実施形態、第1実施形態と第2実施形態と第3実施形態とを組み合わせて実施することもできる。
これにより、より多くのデータが収集され、これらのデータに基づいてフィルタ14の目詰まりが判断されることになるので、フィルタ14の点検メンテナンスの時期をより正確に把握することができる。
この場合、稼働率を測定(計測)するためのセンサ等を追加する必要がなく、コスト面で最も有利な手法である。
2 支柱
3 ナセル
4 ロータヘッド
6 カバー
11 排気ファン
13 排気ファン
14 フィルタ
15a 排気口
16 排気口
17 吸気口
21 風力発電用風車
22 風速計
31 風力発電用風車
32 差圧計
B 基礎
Claims (10)
- 基礎上に立設される支柱と、この支柱の上端に設置されたナセルと、略水平な軸線周りに回転可能にして前記ナセルに軸支されるロータヘッドとを備え、内部に発熱機器を収容してなる風車において、
前記風車外面に設けられ、前記発熱機器を冷却するために外気を風車内部に取り込む吸気口と、
前記風車外面に設けられ、前記風車内部の空気を前記風車外部に排気する排気口と、
前記吸気口から前記排気口に至る空気の経路上に設けられ、外気中に含まれる不純物を除去する不純物除去機構と、
前記不純物除去機構の状態判断基準であるパラメータについて、予め入力された基準値データと、前記風車外部の風速が略安定している状態で取得された最新のデータとを比較検討し、前記不純物除去機構の状態を判断する制御装置とを備えている風力発電用風車。 - 前記不純物除去機構がフィルタであり、その状態として不純物の蓄積による前記フィルタの目詰まり状態を判断する、請求項1に記載の風力発電用風車。
- 前記フィルタから前記排気口に至る経路上に、強制的に外気の取入れを促進するファンを設けている、請求項2に記載の風力発電用風車。
- 前記基準値データとして、前記フィルタが目詰まりしている、または前記フィルタが目詰まりしかかっている状態で、前記ファンを連続稼働させる直前の前記風車の内部温度から、前記ファンを連続稼働させて前記風車の内部温度が所定温度下がるまでに要するであろう稼働時間として設定された時間を用い、
前記最新のデータとして、前記ファンを連続稼働させる直前の前記風車の内部温度から、前記ファンを連続稼働させて前記風車の内部温度が所定温度下がるまでに要した実際の稼働時間を用いるようにした請求項3に記載の風力発電用風車。 - 前記基準値データとして、前記フィルタが目詰まりしている、または前記フィルタが目詰まりしかかっている状態で、前記ファンを一定時間連続稼働させたときに得られるであろう、前記ファンを一定時間連続稼働させる直前の前記風車の内部温度と、前記ファンを一定時間連続稼働させた直後の前記風車の内部温度との差として設定された温度変化量を用い、
前記最新のデータとして、前記ファンを一定時間連続稼働させる直前の前記風車の内部温度と、前記ファンを一定時間連続稼働させた直後の前記風車の内部温度との実際の差として得られた実際の温度変化量を用いるようにした請求項3に記載の風力発電用風車。 - 前記フィルタの下流側近傍もしくは前記風車内の空気の流路上に風速計が配置されており、
前記基準値データとして、前記フィルタが目詰まりしている、または前記フィルタが目詰まりしかかっている状態で測定されるであろう風速として設定された風速を用い、
前記最新のデータとして、前記ファンを連続稼働させて前記風速計で取得された実際の風速を用いるようにした請求項3に記載の風力発電用風車。 - 前記フィルタの上流側近傍の圧力と、前記フィルタの下流側近傍の圧力との差を測定する差圧計もしくは前記風車内の空気の流路上の、上流側における圧力と、下流側における圧力との差を測定する差圧計が配置されており、
前記基準値データとして、前記フィルタが目詰まりしている、または前記フィルタが目詰まりしかかっている状態で測定されるであろう圧力差として設定された圧力差を用い、
前記最新のデータとして、前記ファンを連続稼働させて前記差圧計で取得された実際の圧力差を用いるようにした請求項3に記載の風力発電用風車。 - 前記最新のデータの取得が、カットイン風速を下回る風速下で行われるように設定されている請求項1に記載の風力発電用風車。
- 前記最新のデータの取得が、日射の影響を受けない夜間および/または気温の変化の小さい、気温が安定した時間帯に行われるように設定されている請求項1に記載の風力発電用風車。
- 基礎上に立設される支柱と、この支柱の上端に設置されたナセルと、略水平な軸線周りに回転可能にして前記ナセルに軸支されるロータヘッドとを備え、内部に発熱機器を収容してなる風車において、
前記風車外面に設けられ、前記発熱機器を冷却するために外気を風車内部に取り込む吸気口と、
前記風車外面に設けられ、前記風車内部の空気を前記風車外部に排気する排気口と、
前記吸気口から前記排気口に至る空気の経路上に設けられ、外気中に含まれる不純物を除去する不純物除去機構と、
前記不純物除去機構から前記排気口に至る経路上に設けられ、外気の取入れを促進するファンと、
前記ファンの稼働率が予め設定した閾値を超えた場合に、前記不純物除去機構が目詰まりしている、または前記不純物除去機構が目詰まりしかかっていると判断する制御装置とを備えている風力発電用風車。
Priority Applications (6)
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US13/000,642 US8502405B2 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2010-08-23 | Wind turbine for wind power generation |
CA2752583A CA2752583A1 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2010-08-23 | Wind turbine for wind power generation |
BRPI1011484A BRPI1011484A2 (pt) | 2009-08-28 | 2010-08-23 | turbona eólica para geração de energia eólica. |
CN201080009952XA CN102341598A (zh) | 2009-08-28 | 2010-08-23 | 风力发电用风车 |
AU2010287614A AU2010287614A1 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2010-08-23 | Wind turbine for wind power generation |
EP10811810A EP2472108A1 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2010-08-23 | Wind turbine for wind power generation |
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JP2009198262A JP5455508B2 (ja) | 2009-08-28 | 2009-08-28 | 風力発電用風車 |
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US (1) | US8502405B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2472108A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5455508B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20110112427A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102341598A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2010287614A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI1011484A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2752583A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011024760A1 (ja) |
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BRPI1011484A2 (pt) | 2016-03-22 |
US20110163545A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
KR20110112427A (ko) | 2011-10-12 |
EP2472108A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
JP5455508B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
US8502405B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
CA2752583A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
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