WO2011000203A1 - 三筒同心竖窑 - Google Patents

三筒同心竖窑 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011000203A1
WO2011000203A1 PCT/CN2010/000139 CN2010000139W WO2011000203A1 WO 2011000203 A1 WO2011000203 A1 WO 2011000203A1 CN 2010000139 W CN2010000139 W CN 2010000139W WO 2011000203 A1 WO2011000203 A1 WO 2011000203A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
calcination
zone
concentric shaft
calcining
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/000139
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
庞焕军
李传库
沈浩
Original Assignee
江苏中圣园科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 江苏中圣园科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 江苏中圣园科技股份有限公司
Priority to DE112010004030.3T priority Critical patent/DE112010004030B4/de
Publication of WO2011000203A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011000203A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/005—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces wherein no smelting of the charge occurs, e.g. calcining or sintering furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
    • C04B2/12—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling in shaft or vertical furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/02—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
    • F27B1/04—Combinations or arrangements of shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/40—Production or processing of lime, e.g. limestone regeneration of lime in pulp and sugar mills

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lime calcining apparatus for calcining limestone, and more particularly to a three-cylinder concentric shaft kiln for calcining limestone. Background technique
  • Lime is widely used in construction, metallurgy, chemical, agricultural, water treatment and other industries. At present, lime is generally obtained by high-temperature calcination of limestone in a calcining apparatus.
  • the existing ordinary lime calcining apparatus can only perform calcination of large-grained limestone into the kiln, and the smaller-grained limestone cannot be calcined therein.
  • This equipment screens out smaller particles of limestone through a screening device installed on it and treats it directly as waste.
  • a certain amount of Small particles of limestone Therefore, because these small particles of limestone cannot be calcined in the kiln, a large waste is caused.
  • one main object of the present invention is to provide a three-cylinder concentric shaft kiln capable of simultaneously calcining large and small granular limestones to overcome the limitation of the existing limestone calcining kiln on the calcined limestone particle size. Thereby avoiding the waste of limestone raw materials.
  • Another main object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of simultaneously calcining large and small granular limestone.
  • a three-cylinder concentric shaft kiln for simultaneously calcining large particles and small particle limestone, the three-tube concentric shaft kiln comprising an outer cylinder and smoking from the top of the kiln
  • the exhaust fan of the gas the top of the outer cylinder is provided with a distributing device, the middle portion is provided with a combustion chamber, and the bottom portion is provided with a ash device;
  • the outer cylinder is provided with a middle cylinder, in the outer cylinder and the middle Forming an annular outer calcination zone between the cylinders;
  • the inner cylinder is provided with an inner cylinder forming an inner calcination zone;
  • the fabric apparatus sorts the large particles and the granular limestone and respectively transfers them to the external calcination zone and Calcination is carried out in the inner calcination zone.
  • the distributing device comprises a bar screen, a rotary distributor, a magazine and a funnel; the retaining end of the rod screen passes through the rotating distributor and periodicity
  • the lifting material is connected to the external calcination zone, and the filtering end is led to the throttling funnel through a chute controlled by a two-stage sealing valve, and is connected to the internal calcination zone through the funnel.
  • the ash discharging device comprises a vibrating ash discharging machine and a ash discharging valve, and the lime calcined in the external calcination zone is passed through the hydraulic ash discharging machine at the lower end of the external calcining zone The kiln bottom silo is collected, and finally the ash is discharged through the vibrating ashing machine; the calcined lime in the inner calcining zone is discharged through the ash discharging valve at the lower end of the inner calcining zone.
  • the middle cylinder includes an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, and a reflux gas inlet is formed between the adjacent sections.
  • At least two combustion chambers are disposed in a middle portion of the outer cylinder, and the combustion chamber is disposed on the outer cylinder at least two layers circumferentially offset, and the lower layer
  • An injector having a spray pipe, the outlet of the injection pipe being in communication with an annular return gas pipe disposed around the outer cylinder, the return gas pipe being formed by the middle portion of the middle cylinder and the inner cylinder
  • the annular passage is in communication with a return gas inlet formed between the middle portion of the middle cylinder and the lower portion of the middle cylinder, and the bottom of the outer cylinder is provided with a cooling air tube communicating with the inlet of the return gas.
  • the middle portion of the middle cylinder and the upper end of the lower portion of the middle cylinder respectively form a bucket-shaped collecting tank.
  • the material is bell-shaped and connected at the bottom.
  • a rod-shaped hopper inserted in a throttle type funnel, the lower end of the rod-shaped hopper having a barb.
  • the inner wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a spiral baffle plate, and a heat conducting hole is distributed along the circumference of the inner cylinder between the respective pitches.
  • the bottom of the outer cylinder is provided with a cooling air pipe which is inserted into the discharge pipe and leads to the inlet of the return gas, and the spray pipe is vertically mounted on the upper portion of the ejector.
  • the invention also provides a method for simultaneously calcining large particles and small particles of limestone by using a three-cylinder concentric shaft kiln, the three-tube concentric shaft kiln comprising an exhaust pipe and an exhaust fan for smoking air from the top of the kiln.
  • the top of the outer cylinder is provided with a distributing device
  • the middle part is provided with a combustion chamber
  • the bottom part is provided with a ashing device
  • the outer cylinder is provided with a middle cylinder
  • the middle cylinder is provided with an inner cylinder
  • Cloth step screening large particles and small particles of limestone by a cloth device, and respectively conveying them to an annular outer calcination zone formed between the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder and an inner calcination zone formed by the inner cylinder ;
  • Calcination step calcining the large-grained limestone in the external calcination zone; calcining the small-grained limestone in the inner calcination zone;
  • Ashing step The calcined lime is passed through an ashing device for ashing.
  • the step of calcining the large-grained limestone in the external calcination zone includes preheating in the pre-tropical zone, calcination in the upper, middle and lower calcining zones, and in the cooling zone.
  • the step of cooling is preferably, the step of cooling.
  • the step of calcining the small-grained limestone in the inner calcination zone comprises preheating in a concentrated pre-tropical zone, concentrated calcination in a concentrated calcination zone and a moderate calcination zone, and gradual calcination, The step of decomposing and homogenizing in the concentrated quenching and tempering zone and cooling in the cooling zone.
  • the limestone entering the shaft kiln of the present invention is divided into large and small particles by the action of the screening device, and the large particles of limestone pass through the annular external calcination zone between the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder, and are pretreated from top to bottom.
  • the silo is finally outputted from the ash outlet; the small particles of limestone pass through the internal calcination zone, through the concentrated preheating zone, the concentrated calcination zone, the moderate calcination zone, the concentrated quenching zone and the cooling zone from top to bottom, and finally by unloading
  • the material outlet is output outside the kiln.
  • the high-speed gas stream generates a negative pressure pumping force through the injection pipe, and a lower co-current calcination zone is formed between the outer combustion chamber of the lower layer and the return gas inlet of the lower middle portion of the middle cylinder, and the large-grained limestone is finally calcined in this region.
  • the cooling air is naturally sucked from the bottom of the kiln by the cooling air tube.
  • the calcined large granular lime is cooled and preheated in the cooling zone, it is also introduced into the middle section of the middle cylinder by the return gas inlet.
  • the return gas mixed in the two parts of the gas stream (which contains combustible combustion air) is sucked into the injector through the return gas pipe by the injection pipe, and enters the kiln inner layer together with the combustion gas in the combustion chamber, and thus circulates Go on.
  • the residual heat in the kiln is effectively utilized, and the three-tube concentric shaft kiln of the present invention has an ideal calcining effect, and also has remarkable energy saving effect.
  • the present invention has the following significant advantages:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a three-tube concentric shaft kiln according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing a portion of a magazine and a throttle funnel of the three-cylinder concentric shaft kiln shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the inner cylinder of the three-tube concentric shaft kiln shown in Fig. 1.
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of the calcination of the three-tube concentric shaft kiln shown in Figure 1.
  • the structure of the three-tube concentric shaft kiln is as illustrated in FIG.
  • the three-cylinder concentric shaft kiln of the present invention includes a exhaust fan 30 and an outer cylinder 9.
  • Smoke exhaust fan 30 exhaust vents leading to the top of the kiln, used to exhaust smoke from the kiln and create a negative pressure in the kiln.
  • the top of the outer cylinder 9 is provided with a distributing device, and the distributing device preferably includes a bar screen 1, a rotary distributor 2, a magazine 3, a throttle funnel 6, and the like.
  • the middle portion of the outer cylinder 9 is provided with two combustion chambers 15 and 16 which are circumferentially staggered and disposed on the outer cylinder 9, and the bottom portion thereof is provided with an ash discharging device, and the ash discharging device includes a silo at the bottom of the kiln.
  • the inner cylinder 9 is concentrically provided with a middle cylinder composed of a middle cylinder upper section 7, a middle cylinder middle section 10, and a middle cylinder lower section 11 three sections, and the outer cylinder 9 and the middle cylinder section form an annular outer calcination zone.
  • a return gas inlet 19 is formed between the cylinders in adjacent sections.
  • the inner cylinder 21 is concentrically disposed in the middle section 10 of the middle cylinder so that an inner calcination zone is formed in the inner cylinder 21.
  • a spiral baffle is mounted on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 21.
  • a plurality of heat conduction holes 25 are distributed along the circumference of the inner cylinder 21 between the pitches.
  • the upper end of the lower section of the middle cylinder 11 can form a bucket-shaped collecting trough 23, and the upper end of the middle section of the middle cylinder can be formed with the inner cylinder
  • the retaining end of the rod screen 1 in the distributing device can be kept in communication with the external calcination zone through the rotary distributor 2 and the periodically lifting material magazine 3, and the filtering end thereof is passed through the two-stage sealing valve 4
  • the controlled chute 5 leads to a throttling funnel 6 and through this funnel is able to remain in communication with the internal calcination zone.
  • the bottom of the bellows 3 is connected with a rod-shaped loosener 8 inserted in a throttle funnel 6 at the top of the upper section 7 of the middle cylinder, and the lower end of the rod-shaped loosener 8 has a barb which can be periodically Loose the small-grain limestone in the throttling funnel.
  • the lower end of the external calcination zone is collected by the hydraulic ash discharge machine 12 to the kiln bottom silo 13 and output by the vibrating ash machine 14, and the lower end of the internal calcination zone is passed through the discharge pipe to the unloading port controlled by the star ash discharge valve 27. .
  • an injector 17 with an injection tube 18 is mounted in the lower combustion chamber 16, the outlet of the injection tube 18 being in communication with an annular return gas tube 20 disposed about the outer barrel, the return gas tube 20 passing through the middle section 10 and
  • the annular passage formed by the inner cylinder 21 communicates with a return gas inlet 19 formed between the middle cylinder section 10 and the middle passage lower section 11, and the bottom of the outer cylinder is provided with a cooling air pipe 26 interposed in the discharge pipe and leading to the return gas inlet 19. .
  • the calcining step of the three-cylinder concentric shaft kiln of the present invention mainly comprises a step of fabricating, calcining and discharging.
  • the limestone is transported to the top of the kiln by means of a loading trolley, and the bar sieve 1 is sieved according to the particle size of the limestone.
  • the limestone on the sieve (for example, the particle size > 30) enters the rotary hopper 2, and the hopper 3 moves downward when the fabric is rotated, and the fabric is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction by the rotation of the rotary hopper 2, and the hopper 3 moves upward after the fabric is finished. , to ensure the sealing of the kiln.
  • the throttling funnel 6 can add small particles of limestone to the kiln at a constant rate.
  • the loosener at the bottom of the material ⁇ 3 periodically loosens the small granular limestone in the throttle funnel to ensure the smooth flow of the orifice.
  • the annular space formed between the outer cylinder 9 and the intermediate cylinders 7, 10, 11 is an outer calcination zone in which large granular limestone is calcined.
  • the outer calcination zone is divided into a pre-tropical PZ, an upper calcination zone UB, a middle calcination zone MB, a lower calcination zone PF and a cooling zone CZ from top to bottom.
  • the lime passes through the hydraulic ash machine 12 into the kiln bottom silo 1 3 and is finally discharged from the kiln by the vibrating ash machine 14.
  • the two (or more) combustion chambers 15, 16 provided on the outer cylinder 9 are evenly staggered.
  • the upper combustion chamber 15 provides insufficient combustion air, about 50%. Therefore, the calcination of the MB in the middle calcination zone For incomplete combustion.
  • the incompletely combusted flue gas contains a certain amount of fuel. Under the action of the exhaust fan 30 at the top of the kiln, the flue gas enters the upper calcining zone UB, and meets the excess air coming up to continue the complete combustion.
  • the flue gas after the complete combustion of the upper calcination zone continues to flow upward under the action of the exhaust fan 30, and about 70% of the flue gas enters the pre-tropical PZ between the outer cylinder 9 and the upper section 7 of the middle cylinder, and reaches through the annular layer.
  • the top of the kiln is taken out of the kiln by a smoke exhaust fan 30.
  • the remaining flue gas enters the upper section 7 of the middle cylinder and moves the small granular limestone in the preheating throttle funnel 6 upward.
  • An injector 17 is mounted in each of the lower combustion chambers 16, and an injection pipe 18 is vertically installed in the upper portion of each of the injectors, and the high-speed airflow generates a negative pressure pumping force through the injection pipe, in the lower combustion chamber 16 and the middle cylinder section 10
  • a lower co-calcining zone PF is formed between the lower return gas inlets 19, and the large-grained limestone is finally calcined in this zone.
  • the cooling air is naturally drawn in from the kiln bottom through the lime cooling air tube 28, and after cooling the calcined large granular lime in the cooling zone CZ and preheating, it is also introduced into the middle section 10 by the return gas inlet 19.
  • the two partial streams are mixed as a return gas containing combustible combustion air.
  • the return gas is passed through the return gas pipe 20, and is sucked into the ejector 17 by the injection pipe 18, and the lowermost combustion chamber enters the kiln inner layer together with the combustion gas, and this is repeated.
  • the annular space formed in the inner cylinder 21 and the corresponding sump 22, 23 is an internal calcination zone, in which small granular limestone is calcined, and the internal calcination zone is divided into a concentrated pre-tropical IPZ and a concentrated calcination zone from top to bottom.
  • ICB mitigation calcination zone IHB, central tempering zone ITB and cooling zone ITZ.
  • the calcined lime is discharged outside the kiln through a star-type ash discharge valve 27, and the unloading speed of the star-type ash discharge valve is adjustable.
  • the small particle material forms a column in the discharge pipe, which is discharged through the adjustable speed star discharge valve, and the column moves slowly downward.
  • the material enters the gradual calcination zone IHB from the top to bottom of the concentrated calcination zone ICB, and the tempered calcination zone is composed of an inner cylinder 21 made of refractory material, and the spiral baffle 24 on the inner wall of the inner cylinder ensures that the material is heated in the inner cylinder. Uniformity.
  • a plurality of pairs of thermally conductive holes 25 are distributed along the circumference of the inner cylinder. Since the returning gas moves from bottom to top in the annular space between the inner cylinder 21 and the middle cylinder section 10, the material is further decomposed, and the carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition is discharged from the heat conducting hole 25.
  • the material passes through the mild calcination zone IHB, and its decomposition degree reaches over 90%. It enters the centralized quenching and tempering zone and ITB further decomposes and homogenizes.
  • the reflux gas is filled around the concentrated quenching and tempering zone. The temperature in this zone is constant at around 850 °C. This temperature ensures that the undecomposed limestone is further decomposed and does not cause overburning of the decomposed material.
  • the calcined small particulate material enters the cooling zone ICZ.
  • the center of the cooling zone is passed through a cooling pipe 26, which blows cold air into the cooling pipe.
  • the cooling pipe wall is provided with dense ventilation holes, and the cold air forcibly cools the small particles in the cooling zone.
  • the large granular lime fired in the external calcination zone enters the kiln bottom silo through the hydraulic ash discharge machine 12, and then enters the finished product delivery system through the kiln bottom vibrating ash machine 14 .
  • the small granular lime fired in the inner calcination zone is ashed by an adjustable star discharge valve 27 at the bottom of the cooling pipe.
  • the above content preferably describes the technical solution of the present invention.
  • various embodiments of the present invention may be proposed.
  • the distributing device may adopt other structures as long as the limestones of large particles and small particles are selected and separated. It can be transported to the external calcination zone and the internal calcination zone.
  • the discharge of the calcined lime it is also possible to discharge only through one discharge port, although the technical effect of this embodiment
  • the preferred mode is not as described above, but the technical problem of the present invention can still be solved. Accordingly, the technical solutions of the present invention include such obvious modifications made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Description

三筒同心竖窑
技术领域 本发明涉及一种用于煅烧石灰石的石灰煅烧设备， 更具体而言， 本发明 涉及一种煅烧石灰石的三筒同心竖窑。 背景技术
石灰在建筑、 冶金、 化工、 农业、 水处理等行业被广泛应用。 目前， 石灰 一般是通过将石灰石在煅烧设备中进行高温煅烧获得的„现有的普通石灰煅烧 设备仅仅能够对大颗粒的石灰石进行入窑煅烧，而较小颗粒的石灰石不能在其 内进行煅烧。 这种设备通过安装在其上的筛选装置将较小颗粒的石灰石筛除， 并将其直接作为废料处理。 然而， 在石灰石在运输和倒运过程中， 由于颠簸碰 撞， 不可避免会产生一定量的小颗粒石灰石。 因此， 由于这些小颗粒石灰石不 能入窑煅烧， 造成了较大的浪费。
近年来， 人们对石灰煅烧设备进行了一些改进， 出现了可以煅烧小颗粒石 灰石的窑型，但这些石灰窑对原料粒径范围仍有较高要求， 无法同时满足煅烧 大、 小颗粒石灰石的要求。 特别是针对粒度为 2-20腿的石灰石， 至今没有可 以对之进行煅烧的窑型。
由此， 提供一种能够对大颗粒和小颗粒石灰石同时进行煅烧的煅烧设备， 诚为本领域技术人员所亟需克服的技术问题。 发明内容
基于现有技术中存在的缺陷， 本发明的一个主要目的在于： 提出一种能够 同时煅烧大、 小颗粒石灰石的三筒同心竖窑， 以克服现有石灰石煅烧窑对煅烧 石灰石粒度的局限性， 从而避免石灰石原料的浪费。
此外， 本发明的另一个主要目的在于， 提出一种能够同时煅烧大、 小颗粒 石灰石的方法。
本发明的上述目的是通过如下技术方案实现： 确认本 在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，提供一种用于同时煅烧大颗粒和小颗粒 石灰石的三筒同心竖窑，所述三筒同心竖窑包括有外筒和从窑顶部向外抽吸烟 气的排烟风机， 所述外筒的顶部设置有布料装置， 中部设有燃烧室， 底部设置 出灰装置； 其中， 所述外筒内设有中筒， 在所述外筒和所述中筒之间形成环形 的外部煅烧区域； 所述中筒内设有形成内部煅烧区域的内筒； 所述布料装置对 大颗粒和 、颗粒石灰石进行歸选，并分别将其传送到外部煅烧区域和内部煅烧 区域中进行煅烧。
根据本发明所提供的三筒同心竖窑，优选地，所述布料装置包括有棒条筛、 旋转布料器、料盅和漏斗； 所述棒条筛的节留端通过旋转布料器及周期性升降 的料盅与外部煅烧区域连通，滤过端经两段式密封阀控制的溜槽通往节流型漏 斗， 并通过该漏斗与内部煅烧区域连通。
根据本发明所提供的三筒同心竖窑，优选地， 所述出灰装置包括有振动出 灰机和卸灰阀 ,外部煅烧区域煅烧的石灰在所述外部煅烧区域的下端经由液压 出灰机汇集到窑底料仓， 最终通过所述振动出灰机出灰； 内部煅烧区域煅烧的 石灰在所述内部煅烧区域的下端通过卸灰阀出灰。
根据本发明所提供的三筒同心竖窑， 优选地， 所述中筒包括有上段、 中段 和下段， 所述相邻段之间形成回流气体入口。
根据本发明所提供的三筒同心竖窑，优选地， 所述外筒的中部设有至少二 个燃烧室， 所述燃烧室至少分两层周向错开地设置在所述外筒上， 下层燃烧室 安装带喷射管的喷射器，所述喷射管的出口与安置在所述外筒周围的环形的回 流气体管连通， 所述回流气体管通过所述中筒中段和所述内筒形成的环形通 道， 与所述中筒中段和所述中筒下段之间形成的回流气体入口相连通， 所述外 筒底部设有与所述回流气体入口连通的冷却空气管。
根据本发明所提供的三筒同心竖窑，优选地， 所述中筒中段和所述中筒下 段的上端分别形成斗状集料槽。
根据本发明所提供的三筒同心竖窑， 优选地， 所述料盅呈钟状， 底部连接 插在节流型漏斗中的杆状^料器， 所述杆状^料器的下端具有倒钩。 根据本发明所提供的三筒同心竖窑， 优选地， 其特征在于， 所述内筒内壁 安装有螺旋状的折流板， 其各螺距之间内沿内筒圆周分布有导热孔。
根据本发明所提供的三筒同心竖窑，优选地， 所述外筒底部设有穿插在卸 料管内并通往回流气体入口的冷却空气管，并且所述喷射器上部垂直安装喷射 管。 ，
本发明还提供了一种釆用三筒同心竖窑同时煅烧大颗粒和小颗粒石灰石 的方法， 所述三筒同心竖窑包括有外筒和从窑顶部向外抽吸烟气的排烟风机， 所述外筒的顶部设置有布料装置， 中部设有燃烧室， 底部设置出灰装置， 所述 外筒内设有中筒， 所述中筒内设有内筒， 所述方法包括有如下步骤：
布料步骤： 通过布料装置对大颗粒和小颗粒石灰石进行筛选， 并分别将其 传送到所述外筒和所述中筒之间形成的环形的外部煅烧区域和由内筒形成的 内部煅烧区域中；
煅烧步骤： 将大颗粒石灰石在外部煅烧区域中进行煅烧； 将小颗粒石灰石 在内部煅烧区域中进行煅烧；
出灰步骤： 将煅烧后的石灰通过出灰装置进行出灰。
根据本发明所提供的方法，优选地，在外部煅烧区域中对大颗粒石灰石进 行煅烧的步骤'包括有在预热带进行预热、在上部、 中部及下部煅烧带进行煅烧 以及在冷却带进行冷却的步骤。
根据本发明所提供的方法，优选地，在内部煅烧区域中对小颗粒石灰石进 行煅烧的步骤包括有在集中预热带进行预热、在集中煅烧区和緩和煅烧区进行 集中煅烧和緩和煅烧、在集中调质区进行分解均质以及在冷却区进行冷却的步 骤。 工作时， 进入本发明竖窑的石灰石在筛分装置的作用下， 分成大、 小颗 粒两路， 大颗粒的石灰石通过外筒和中筒之间的环形外部煅烧区域， 自上至 下经过预热带、 上部煅烧带、 中部煅烧带、 下部煅烧带和冷却带后进入窑底 料仓， 最后由出灰口输出窑外； 小颗粒的石灰石通过内部煅烧区域， 自上至 下经过集中预热区、 集中煅烧区、 緩和煅烧区、 集中调质区和冷却区， 最后 由卸料口输出窑外。 煅烧时， 高速气流通过喷射管产生负压抽力作用， 在下层的外部燃烧室 与中筒中段下部的回流气体入口之间形成下部并流煅烧带， 大颗粒石灰石最 终在这一区域内煅烧完成。 同时冷却空气从窑底由冷却空气管自然吸入， 在 冷却带冷却煅烧完成的大颗粒石灰并预热后， 也由回流气体入口进入中筒中 段。 这两部分气流混合后的回流气体（其中含有可燃烧的助燃空气）通过回 流气体管， 在喷射管的作用下被吸入到喷射器， 在燃烧室内与燃烧气体一同 进入窑内料层， 如此循环下去。 这样， 有效利用了窑内余热， 使本发明的三 筒同心竖窑再具有理想煅烧效果的同时， 还具有显著的节能效果。
总之， 本发明具有如下显著优点：
1. 解决大、 小颗粒石灰石同时煅烧的难题， 节约了矿山资源。
2. 明显提高了单位体积石灰产量。
3. 实现了窑内余热再次利用， 节约能源。
4. 大、 小颗粒石灰石同时入窑， 并在不同的空间煅烧， 可靠保证了煅烧 质量。
附图说明 现结合下述附图， 对发明的技术方案进行详细或者优选的描述， 其中， 图 1为本发明的一个优选实施例的三筒同心竖窑的结构示意图。
图 2为图 1所示的三筒同心竖窑的料盅和节流型漏斗部分的局部放大示意 图。
图 3为图 1所示的三筒同心竖窑的内筒的局部放大示意图。
图 4为图 1所示的三筒同心竖窑的煅烧流程图。
具体实施方式 容易理解， 根据本发明的技术方案，在不变更本发明的实质精神下， 本领 域的一般技术人员可以提出本发明的多个结构方式。因此以下具体实施方式以 及附图仅是对本发明的技术方案的具体和优选说明，而不应当视为本发明的全 部或者视为对本发明技术方案的限定或限制。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，三筒同心竖窑的结构如图 1所示意。如 图 1至图 3所示， 本发明的三筒同心竖窑包括有排烟风机 30和外筒 9。 排烟 风机 30抽风口通往窑顶， 用于从窑中排烟并使得窑内形成负压。 外筒 9的顶 部设置有布料装置， 所述布料装置优选包括棒条筛 1、 旋转布料器 2、 料盅 3、 节流型漏斗 6等。优选地， 外筒 9的中部设有分成两层周向错开地设置在外筒 9上的燃烧室 15和 16， 其底部设置有出灰装置， 该出灰装置包括有位于窑底 料仓 13仓底的振动出灰机 14和星型卸料阀 27控制的卸料口。
外筒 9内同心设有由中筒上段 7、中筒中段 10、 中筒下段 11三段构成的 中筒， 外筒 9与中筒各段形成环形的外部煅烧区域。 相邻段中筒之间形成回 流气体入口 19。 中筒中段 10内同心设有内筒 21，从而在内筒 21中形成内部 煅烧区域。 如图 3所示， 优选地， 在内筒 21内壁还安装有螺旋状的折流板
24 , 各螺距之间内沿内筒 21圆周分布有若干导热孔 25。
中筒下段 11上端可形成斗状集料槽 23 , 中筒中段 10上端可形成与内筒
21连通的类同斗状集料槽。
如图 1所示，布料装置中的棒条筛 1的节留端通过旋转布料器 2及周期性 升降的料盅 3能够与外部煅烧区域保持连通，其滤过端经两段式密封阀 4控制 的溜槽 5通往节流型漏斗 6， 并通过该漏斗能够与内部煅烧区域保持连通。 参 见图 ,钟状料盅 3的底部连接有插在位于中筒上段 7顶部的节流型漏斗 6中的 杆状松料器 8 , 杆状松料器 8的下端具有倒钩， 可以周期性地对节流型漏斗内 的小颗粒石灰石进行松料。 外部煅烧区域的下端通过液压出灰机 12汇集到窑 底料仓 13 , 再通过振动出灰机 14输出， 内部煅烧区域的下端通过卸料管通往 星型卸灰阀 27控制的卸料口。 继续参考图 1 ,在下层的燃烧室 16安装带喷射管 18的喷射器 17， 喷射管 18的出口与安置在外筒周围的环形回流气体管 20连通， 该回流气体管 20通 过中筒中段 10和内筒 21形成的环形通道，与中筒中段 10和中通下段 11之间 形成的回流气体入口 19连通， 外筒底部设有穿插在卸料管内并通往回流气体 入口 19的冷却空气管 26。
下面结合上述优选实施例中的三筒同心竖窑的结构，对本发明的三筒同心 竖窑煅烧步骤进行详细和优选描述。 参见图 4， 本发明的三筒同心竖窑的煅烧 步骤主要包括有布料、 煅烧以及出料步骤。
步骤 1 : 布料
石灰石通过上料小车运至窑顶棒条筛 1， 棒条筛 1才 据石灰石的粒度对其 进行筛分。 其中， 筛上物（例如粒度 > 30隱）的石灰石进入旋转布料器 2， 布料 时料盅 3向下移动，通过旋转布料器 2的旋转在圆周方向均匀布料， 布料完成 后料盂 3向上移动， 保证窑的密封性。
筛下物约 10%的小颗粒石灰石（例如粒度 < 30mm)通过溜槽 5进入中筒上段 7 顶部的节流型漏斗 6， 在溜槽上安装有两段式密封阀 4 , 以保证加料时窑的密 封性。 节流型漏斗可以匀速地向窑内加小颗粒石灰石。 料盅 3底部的松料器 8 周期性地对节流型漏斗内的小颗粒石灰石进行松料， 保证节流口的畅通。
步骤 2 : 煅烧
a.外部煅烧区域
如上所述， 在外筒 9与中筒 7、 10、 11之间形成的环形空间为外部煅烧 区域， 大颗粒石灰石在此区域内煅烧。 如图 1中所示， 外部煅烧区域自上而 下分为预热带 PZ、 上部煅烧带 UB、 中部煅烧带 MB、 下部煅烧带 PF和冷却带 CZ。 经过煅烧后， 石灰通过液压出灰机 12进入窑底料仓 1 3， 最后由振动出 灰机 14排出窑外。 „
在外筒 9上设置的两层（或更多层）燃烧室 15、 16 , 均匀错开布置。 上 层燃烧室 15提供的助燃空气不足， 约 50%。 因此， 在中部煅烧带 MB的煅烧 为不完全燃烧。不完全燃烧的烟气中含有一定燃料，在排烟风机 30在窑顶抽 气的作用下， 烟气进入上部煅烧带 UB， 与下方上来的过剩空气相遇， 继续进 行完全燃烧。在上部煅烧带完全燃烧后的烟气在排烟风机 30的作用下继续向 上流动， 约 70%的烟气进入外筒 9与中筒上段 7之间的预热带 PZ, 经过环形 料层到达窑顶， 并由排烟风机 30抽出窑外。 剩余的烟气进入中筒上段 7内， 向上移动预热节流型漏斗 6内的小颗粒石灰石。
在每个下层燃烧室 16均安装有一个喷射器 17 , 在每个喷射器上部垂直 安装一喷射管 18， 高速气流通过喷射管产生负压抽力作用，在下层燃烧室 16 与中筒中段 10下部的回流气体入口 19之间形成下部并流煅烧带 PF, 大颗粒 石灰石最终在这一区域内煅烧完成。
冷却空气通过石灰冷却空气管 28从窑底自然吸入， 在冷却带 CZ冷却煅 烧完成的大颗粒石灰并预热后， 也由回流气体入口 19进入中筒中段 10。 这 两部分气流混合后为回流气体， 该回流气体含有可燃烧的助燃空气。 回流气 体通过回流气体管 20， 在喷射管 18的作用下被吸入到喷射器 17， 在最下层 燃烧室与燃烧气体一同进入窑内料层， 如此反复进行。
b.内部煅烧区域
在内筒 21及相应的集料槽 22 , 23内形成的环形空间为内部煅烧区域， 小颗粒石灰石在此区域内煅烧， 内部煅烧区域自上而下分为集中预热带 IPZ、 集中煅烧区 ICB、 緩和煅烧区 IHB、 集中调质区 ITB和冷却区 ITZ。 煅烧后的 石灰通过星型卸灰阀 27排出窑外， 星型卸灰阀的卸灰速度可调。
小颗粒石灰石在节流型漏斗 6内堆积，窑内约 30%的烟气进入中筒上段 7 向上移动并预热此部分的小颗粒石灰石。 小颗粒石灰石通过节流口自由落体 至集中煅烧区。此部分烟气预热完小颗粒石灰石后通过热气体管 29由排烟风 机 30排出。 在中筒中段 10上部， 用耐火材料砌成的斗状集料槽 22， 小颗粒 的石灰石在此堆积， 形成集中煅烧区。 由于最上层燃烧室燃料过量， 未燃烧 的燃料上升至集料槽周围， 与下部上来的过量助燃空气在此区域燃烧， 燃烧 温度达到 900°C左右， 在集中煅烧区内， 小颗粒石灰石将被分解至 60%左右。
从集中煅烧区至星型卸灰阀 27, 小颗粒物料在卸料管内形成一个料柱， 通过可调速的星型卸灰阀出料， 料柱緩慢向下移动。 物料从集中煅烧区 ICB 自上而下进入緩和煅烧区 IHB, 緩和煅烧区由耐火材料砌成的内筒 21构成， 在内筒内壁的螺旋状的折流板 24保证了物料在内筒内受热的均匀性。在一个 螺距之内， 沿内筒圓周分布若干成对的导热孔 25。 由于回流气体在内筒 21 和中筒中段 10之间的环形空间自下而上移动，物料被进一步分解， 同时分解 产生的二氧化碳从导热孔 25排出。
物料经过緩和煅烧区 IHB, 其分解程度达到 90%以上， 进入集中调质区 ITB进一步分解、 均质。 回流气体充满集中调质区周围， 此区域的温度恒定 在 850°C左右， 此温度可以保证未分解完成的石灰石进一步分解， 而且也不 会对已分解的物料造成过烧现象。
煅烧完成的小颗粒物料进入冷却区 ICZ。冷却区中心通过一根冷却管 26， 鼓风机将冷空气鼓入冷却管， 冷却管壁上设有密集的通风孔， 冷空气强制对 冷却区的小颗粒物料进行冷却。
步骤 3: 出灰
在外部煅烧区域烧成的大颗粒石灰通过液压出灰机 12进入窑底料仓 13, 然后经窑底振动出灰机 14进入成品外运系统。在内部煅烧区域内烧成的小颗 粒石灰由冷却管底部的可调星型卸灰阀 27进行出灰。
上述内容对本发明的技术方案进行了优选描述。 但是对于本领域的技术 人员而言， 在上述技术描述的基础上， 可以提出本发明的多个实施方案， 例 如布料装置可以采用其他结构， 其只要满足将大颗粒和小颗粒的石灰石筛选 并分别将其输送到外部煅烧区域和内部煅烧区域即可。 此外， 对于煅烧后的 石灰的出料， 还可以仅通过一个卸料口出料， 虽然这种实施方式的技术效果 不如上述的优选方式， 但仍可以解决本发明的技术问题。 因此， 本发明的技 术方案包括了这种针对本发明的优选实施方案进行的显而易见的修改。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种用于同时煅烧大颗粒和小颗粒石灰石的三筒同心竖窑， 所述三筒 同心竖窑包括有外筒和从窑顶部向外抽吸烟气的排烟风机，所述外筒的顶部设 置有布料装置， 中部设有燃烧室， 底部设置出灰装置； 其特征在于， 所述外筒 内设有中筒，在所述外筒和所述中筒之间形成环形的外部煅烧区域； 所述中筒 内设有形成内部煅烧区域的内筒；所述布料装置对大颗粒和小颗粒石灰石进行 筛选， 并分别将其传送到外部煅烧区域和内部煅烧区域中进行煅烧。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的三筒同心竖窑， 其特征在于， 所述布料装置包 括有棒条筛、 旋转布料器、料盅和漏斗； 所述棒条筛的节留端通过旋转布料器 及周期性升降的料直与外部煅烧区域连通，滤过端经两段式密封阀控制的溜槽 通往节流型漏斗， 并通过该漏斗与内部煅烧区域连通。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的三筒同心竖窑， 其特征在于， 所述出灰装置包 括有振动出灰机和卸灰阀，外部煅烧区域煅烧的石灰在所述外部煅烧区域的下 端经由液压出灰机汇集到窑底料仓， 最终通过所述振动出灰机出灰； 内部煅烧
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的三筒同心竖窑， 其特征在于， 所述中筒包括有 上段、 中段和下段， 所述相邻段之间形成回流气体入口。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的三筒同心竖窑， 其特征在于， 所述外筒的中部 设有至少二个燃烧室， 所述燃烧室至少分两层周向错开地设置在所述外筒上， 下层燃烧室安装带有喷射管的喷射器，所述喷射管的出口与安置在所述外筒周 围的环形的回流气体管相连通，所述回流气体管通过所述中筒中段和所述内筒 形成的环形通道，与所述中筒中段和所述中筒下段之间形成的回流气体入口相 连通， 所述外筒底部设有与所述回流气体入口相连通的冷却空气管。 .
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的三筒同心竖窑， 其特征在于， 所述中筒中段和 所述中筒下段的上端分别形成斗状集料槽。
7. 根据权利要求 2所述的三筒同心竖窑， 其特征在于， 所述料盅呈钟状， 底部连接插在节流型漏斗中的杆状松料器， 所述杆状 料器的下端具有倒钩。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的三筒同心竖窑， 其特征在于： 所述内筒内壁安 装有螺旋状的折流板， 其各螺距之间内沿内筒圆周分布有导热孔。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的三筒同心竖窑， 其特征在于， 所述外筒底部设 有穿插在卸料管内并通往回流气体入口的冷却空气管，并且所述喷射器上部垂 直安装喷射管。
10. —种采用三筒同心竖窑同时煅烧大颗粒和小颗粒石灰石的方法，所述 三筒同心竖窑包括有外筒和从窑顶部向外抽吸烟气的排烟风机，所述外筒的顶 部设置有布料装置， 中部设有燃烧室， 底部设置出灰装置， 所述外筒内设有中 筒， 所述中筒内设有内筒， 所述方法包括有如下步骤：
布料步骤： 通过布料装置对大颗粒和小颗粒石灰石进行 选， 并分别将其 传送到所述外筒和所述中筒之间形成的环形的外部煅烧区域和由内筒形成的 内部煅烧区域中；
煅烧步骤： 将大颗粒石灰石在外部煅烧区域中进行煅烧； 将小颗粒石灰石 在内部煅烧区域中进行煅烧；
出灰步骤： 将煅烧后的石灰通过出灰装置进行出灰。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在外部煅烧区域中对大 颗粒石灰石进行煅烧的步骤包括有在预热带进行预热、在上部、 中部及下部煅 烧带进行煅烧以及在冷却带进行冷却的步骤。
12. 根据权利要求 10所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在内部煅烧区域中对小 颗粒石灰石进行煅烧的步骤包括有在集中预热带进行预热、在集中煅烧区和緩 和煅烧区进行集中煅烧和緩和煅烧、在集中调质区进行分解均质以及在冷却区 进行冷却的步骤。
PCT/CN2010/000139 2009-07-02 2010-02-02 三筒同心竖窑 WO2011000203A1 (zh)

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