WO2010140636A1 - 不斉水素化触媒 - Google Patents
不斉水素化触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010140636A1 WO2010140636A1 PCT/JP2010/059387 JP2010059387W WO2010140636A1 WO 2010140636 A1 WO2010140636 A1 WO 2010140636A1 JP 2010059387 W JP2010059387 W JP 2010059387W WO 2010140636 A1 WO2010140636 A1 WO 2010140636A1
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- substituent
- optically active
- catalyst
- examples
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N geranial Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000134874 Geraniales Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229940043350 citral Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N citral B Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 cyclic nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 300
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 174
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 129
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 71
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 52
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000000983 citronellal Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 67
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 52
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 51
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 51
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 35
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- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 16
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- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 14
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OXOBKZZXZVFOBB-INIZCTEOSA-N (2s)-2-benzhydrylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCN[C@@H]1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OXOBKZZXZVFOBB-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 0 CC(C)C(C)(C)c1ccc(C(*)c2ccc(C(C)(C)C(C)C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)c1ccc(C(*)c2ccc(C(C)(C)C(C)C)cc2)cc1 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 125000005530 alkylenedioxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- ZYTMANIQRDEHIO-KXUCPTDWSA-N isopulegol Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C(C)=C)[C@H](O)C1 ZYTMANIQRDEHIO-KXUCPTDWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
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- RATMDIXKNCIQOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-methylcyclohexyl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C)CCCCC1 RATMDIXKNCIQOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OXOBKZZXZVFOBB-MRXNPFEDSA-N (2r)-2-benzhydrylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCN[C@H]1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OXOBKZZXZVFOBB-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- OEXJFIGLGUVQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tricyclopentylacetamide Chemical group C1CCCC1C(C1CCCC1)(C(=O)N)C1CCCC1 OEXJFIGLGUVQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPHRGNFLPIKHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dicyclohexylacetamide Chemical group C1CCCCC1C(C(=O)N)C1CCCCC1 FPHRGNFLPIKHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZBCNBVIDYAUOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dicyclopentylacetamide Chemical group C1CCCC1C(C(=O)N)C1CCCC1 NZBCNBVIDYAUOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXQVXEAZKZFEEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diphenylacetamide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXQVXEAZKZFEEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HLHNOIAOWQFNGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1Br HLHNOIAOWQFNGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIMLCFANWCDGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentanamide Chemical group CCC(C)CC(N)=O SIMLCFANWCDGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZIIGSRYPZWDGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 610-30-0 Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZIIGSRYPZWDGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HOBITTXRKYVIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1)CNC1C(c1ccc(C2CCCCC2)cc1)c1ccc(C2CCCCC2)cc1 Chemical compound C(C1)CNC1C(c1ccc(C2CCCCC2)cc1)c1ccc(C2CCCCC2)cc1 HOBITTXRKYVIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXOBKZZXZVFOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1)CNC1C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(C1)CNC1C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 OXOBKZZXZVFOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHROLHDHSJDIGH-POBYRJPCSA-N C(CC1)CCC1C1C=CC(C([C@@H]2NCc3ccccc3C2)c2ccc(C3CCCCC3)cc2)=CC1 Chemical compound C(CC1)CCC1C1C=CC(C([C@@H]2NCc3ccccc3C2)c2ccc(C3CCCCC3)cc2)=CC1 QHROLHDHSJDIGH-POBYRJPCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKULDCDWMVPNIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1CC(C(c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)NCC1 Chemical compound C1CC(C(c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)NCC1 HKULDCDWMVPNIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKULDCDWMVPNIS-GDLZYMKVSA-N C1C[C@H](C(c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)NCC1 Chemical compound C1C[C@H](C(c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)NCC1 HKULDCDWMVPNIS-GDLZYMKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCPOFLSESHMBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(C(C2NCCC2)c2ccc(C(C)(C)c3ccc(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)(c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(C(C2NCCC2)c2ccc(C(C)(C)c3ccc(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 WCPOFLSESHMBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZCTBFSGOLQHQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)C(C)(C)C(CC1)=CC=C1C(C1NCCC1)c1ccc(C(C)(C)C(C)C)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(CC1)=CC=C1C(C1NCCC1)c1ccc(C(C)(C)C(C)C)cc1 ZCTBFSGOLQHQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GAVRKMGLLRRNRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)c1ccc(Cc2ccc(C(C)C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)c1ccc(Cc2ccc(C(C)C)cc2)cc1 GAVRKMGLLRRNRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLZTWJFVXGLOOR-XHMAZZCQSA-N CC1C=C(C(C)(C)c2ccc(C)cc2)C=CC1C(C(C1)NC[C@@H]1O)c1ccc(C(C)(C)c2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound CC1C=C(C(C)(C)c2ccc(C)cc2)C=CC1C(C(C1)NC[C@@H]1O)c1ccc(C(C)(C)c2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 QLZTWJFVXGLOOR-XHMAZZCQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHHIHZABZCJYPF-YOXBCDPKSA-N CCC(C)(C)C(c1ccc(C([C@@H]2NCCCC2)C2=CCC(C(C)(C)C(C)C)C=C2)cc1)=C Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(c1ccc(C([C@@H]2NCCCC2)C2=CCC(C(C)(C)C(C)C)C=C2)cc1)=C AHHIHZABZCJYPF-YOXBCDPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSPCIRSCAPQYTH-QXPUDEPPSA-N CCC(CC)(CC)c1ccc(C(C(C2)NC[C@@H]2O)c2ccc(C(CC)(CC)CC)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CC)c1ccc(C(C(C2)NC[C@@H]2O)c2ccc(C(CC)(CC)CC)cc2)cc1 WSPCIRSCAPQYTH-QXPUDEPPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSPCIRSCAPQYTH-MBMZGMDYSA-N CCC(CC)(CC)c1ccc(C(C(C2)NC[C@H]2O)c2ccc(C(CC)(CC)CC)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CC)c1ccc(C(C(C2)NC[C@H]2O)c2ccc(C(CC)(CC)CC)cc2)cc1 WSPCIRSCAPQYTH-MBMZGMDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCVIUFRLRSGURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCc1ccc(C(C(C2)NCC2=O)C(CC2)=CC=C2C2(CCC)CC2)cc1 Chemical compound CCCCc1ccc(C(C(C2)NCC2=O)C(CC2)=CC=C2C2(CCC)CC2)cc1 FCVIUFRLRSGURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical group C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZOBUZQHGUZLNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(C1)CNC1C(c1ccc(C2CCCCC2)cc1)c1ccc(C2CCCCC2)cc1 Chemical compound OC(C1)CNC1C(c1ccc(C2CCCCC2)cc1)c1ccc(C2CCCCC2)cc1 OZOBUZQHGUZLNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPIIRFNVQNILLP-AAFJCEBUSA-N O[C@H](C1)CNC1C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound O[C@H](C1)CNC1C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 ZPIIRFNVQNILLP-AAFJCEBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CKRHKYHOTKICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;2,6-diphenylphenolate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CKRHKYHOTKICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002393 azetidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004069 aziridinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000043 benzamido group Chemical group [H]N([*])C(=O)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001231 benzoyloxy group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical group CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KMPWYEUPVWOPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonidine Natural products C1=CC=C2C(C(C3N4CCC(C(C4)C=C)C3)O)=CC=NC2=C1 KMPWYEUPVWOPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMPWYEUPVWOPIM-KODHJQJWSA-N cinchonidine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([C@H]([C@H]3[N@]4CC[C@H]([C@H](C4)C=C)C3)O)=CC=NC2=C1 KMPWYEUPVWOPIM-KODHJQJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- PNZXMIKHJXIPEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxamide Chemical group NC(=O)C1CCCCC1 PNZXMIKHJXIPEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- XRLDSWLMHUQECH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanecarboxamide Chemical group NC(=O)C1CCCC1 XRLDSWLMHUQECH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004855 decalinyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2CCCCC12)* 0.000 description 1
- PBWZKZYHONABLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)F PBWZKZYHONABLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011982 enantioselective catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glymidine Chemical compound N1=CC(OCCOC)=CN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002632 imidazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003392 indanyl group Chemical group C1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003387 indolinyl group Chemical group N1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005929 isobutyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000005928 isopropyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(OC(*)=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SANOUVWGPVYVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleramide Chemical group CC(C)CC(N)=O SANOUVWGPVYVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- IPWFJLQDVFKJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanamide Chemical group CCCCC(N)=O IPWFJLQDVFKJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XIPFMBOWZXULIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalamide Chemical group CC(C)(C)C(N)=O XIPFMBOWZXULIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003072 pyrazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001422 pyrrolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003039 tetrahydroisoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(NCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005329 tetralinyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical group C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with radicals, containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
-
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optically active aldehyde which is an optically active carbonyl compound by selectively asymmetric hydrogenating a carbon-carbon double bond of an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound using an asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an optically active ketone.
- optically active citronellal can be obtained by selectively asymmetric hydrogenation of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond of geranial, neral or citral (a mixture of geranial and neral).
- Optically active citronellal is not only useful as a perfume itself, but also an important raw material for optically active citronellol, optically active isopulegol, and optically active menthol.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 A method of performing simultaneous hydrogenation is known (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Since these methods are methods of hydrogenating carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogen gas using a small amount of a homogeneous catalyst, no auxiliary agent is required and therefore a large amount of waste is not generated.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5 Reported asymmetric hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketones using Pd black, Pd / C or Pd / TiO 2 in combination with (-)-dihydroapovincamic acid ethyl ester, proline or cinchonidine.
- Patent Document 3 hydrogen transfer type asymmetric hydrogenation reaction of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds using an organic asymmetric catalyst and Hantzsch ester has been reported (Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 6).
- the catalyst used in the methods of Patent Documents 1 and 2 is a homogeneous catalyst using expensive rhodium metal or the like, and it is difficult to recover the catalyst because it is dissolved in the reaction solution.
- a catalyst amount of about 20 mol% is required with respect to the raw material unsaturated aldehyde or unsaturated ketone, and the Hantzsch ester as a hydrogenation substrate is Since an equal amount or more is necessary with respect to the unsaturated aldehyde or ketone as a raw material, it is economically disadvantageous as a method for producing an optically active aldehyde or optically active ketone. Therefore, there has been a demand for a method for easily recovering the catalyst by using a heterogeneous catalyst such as a solid catalyst that does not dissolve in the reaction solution. Further, an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated aldehyde using a heterogeneous catalyst such as a solid catalyst has not been known.
- An object of the present invention is to use a heterogeneous catalyst that can be easily separated from a reaction solution as a catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation, and to asymmetrically hydrogenate a carbon-carbon double bond of an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound.
- the present invention relates to a method for obtaining an optically active aldehyde or an optically active ketone.
- the present invention relates to a method for obtaining optically active citronellal by hydrogenating citral, geranial, or neral by an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction.
- the present inventors have obtained an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound by using a specific metal powder or metal support, an optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound, and an acid.
- asymmetric hydrogenation it was found that the corresponding optically active aldehyde or optically active ketone was obtained, and the present invention was completed.
- the optically active nitrogen-containing compound and the metal powder or metal support can be easily recovered from the reaction system after completion of the reaction, so that it can be reused again as an asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound is represented by the following general formula (1)
- ring A is a 3- to 7-membered ring which may have a substituent and contains at least one atom selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and phosphorus. Ring A may have a condensed ring structure.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group that may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group that may have a substituent, an alkenyl group that may have a substituent, An aryl group which may have a substituent, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group which may have a substituent, a carboxyl group which may have a substituent, and a substituent; An alkoxycarbonyl group which may have, an amide group which may have a substituent, a siloxy group which may have a substituent, an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, or It represents an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 are not the same substituent.
- One of R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to ring A to further form a ring.
- * Represents an asymmetric carbon atom.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl.
- a group, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, and R 3 and R 4 , R 3 and R 5 , R 3 and R 6 , R 4 and R 6 , or R 5 and R 6 may form a ring, provided that R 3 and R 4 , or R 3 and R 5 form a ring.
- R 4 when R 4 is not a hydrogen atom may be R 5 and R 6 are the same as or different from each other, R 5 and R 6 when R 4 is a hydrogen atom is other than hydrogen atoms different from each other.)
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same as defined in formula (2). At least one of the two * represents an asymmetric carbon atom.
- the present invention uses an optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound and an acid as an additive contributing to enantioselectivity as a catalyst in an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction, together with a metal powder or a metal support.
- the asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst of the present invention does not require a reaction step for preparing the catalyst, unlike the conventional asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst.
- a raw material compound, an optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound, a metal powder or a metal support, and an acid are mixed and asymmetric hydrogenated. In this way, the operation is simple, and the metal powder or metal support and the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound can be recovered and reused, which is industrially advantageous.
- the catalyst of the present invention when used, it is produced when either a Z-configuration or E-configuration compound is used as a substrate at the ⁇ - and ⁇ -position double bonds of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound.
- the configuration of the optically active carbonyl compound depends on the configuration of the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound to be used. Therefore, in the present invention, an optically active carbonyl compound having the same configuration can be produced even when a mixture of a Z configuration compound and an E configuration compound is used as a substrate.
- an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound is used as a substrate and this is asymmetrically hydrogenated using the catalyst of the present invention to produce an optically active aldehyde or optically active ketone as an optically active carbonyl compound.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound used as the substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include compounds represented by the following general formula (2).
- the double bonds at the ⁇ -position and the ⁇ -position include those having a Z configuration and an E configuration.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl.
- a group, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, and R 3 and R 4 , R 3 and R 5 , R 3 and R 6 , R 4 and R 6 , or R 5 and R 6 may form a ring, provided that R 3 and R 4 , or R 3 and R 5 form a ring.
- R 4 is not a hydrogen atom may be R 5 and R 6 are the same as or different from each other, R 5 and R 6 when R 4 is a hydrogen atom is other than hydrogen atoms different from each other.
- the compound represented by the above formula (2) that is, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated aldehyde or ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketone is asymmetrically hydrogenated using the catalyst of the present invention, and is represented by the following formula (3).
- An optically active aldehyde or optically active ketone is produced.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same as defined in formula (2). At least one of the two * represents an asymmetric carbon atom.
- alkyl group examples include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and specifically include methyl groups, ethyl groups, n-propyl groups, isopropyl groups, n-butyl group, 2-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, 2-pentyl group, 3-pentyl group, tert-pentyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl group, 1,2-dimethylpropyl group, n-hexyl group, 2-hexyl group, 3-hexyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 4-methylpentyl group, 1,1 -Dimethylbutyl group, 1,2-dimethylbutyl group, 1,3-dimethylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 2,3-
- alkyl groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent of the alkyl group include an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, Examples thereof include an alkylenedioxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, a heteroaryloxy group, a substituted amino group, a nitro group, a nitrile group, a halogen atom, and a halogenated alkyl group.
- the alkenyl group as a substituent of the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and examples thereof include alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, a 1-butenyl group, a pentenyl group, and a hexenyl group.
- the alkynyl group substituted on the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and examples thereof include alkynyl groups having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 1-butynyl group, 3-butynyl group, pentynyl group, hexynyl group and the like.
- Examples of the aryl group as the substituent of the alkyl group include an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Specifically, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, a biphenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, Examples include mesityl group, methoxyphenyl group, dimethoxyphenyl group, and fluorophenyl group.
- the aliphatic heterocyclic group as a substituent of the alkyl group has, for example, 2 to 14 carbon atoms and has at least one, preferably 1 to 3 hetero atoms such as hetero atoms such as nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, etc. Examples include groups containing atoms.
- a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aliphatic heterocyclic group and a polycyclic or condensed aliphatic heterocyclic group are exemplified.
- aliphatic heterocyclic group examples include a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl group, piperidino group, piperazinyl group, morpholino group, tetrahydrofuryl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, and tetrahydrothienyl group.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group as a substituent of the alkyl group has, for example, 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least one, preferably 1 to 3 hetero atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms.
- a group containing Preferably, a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group and a polycyclic or condensed aromatic heterocyclic group are used.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include, for example, furyl group, thienyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrazolinyl group, imidazolyl group, oxazolinyl group, thiazolinyl group, benzofuryl group, benzothienyl group, A quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, and the like can be given.
- alkoxy group as the substituent of the alkyl group examples include linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, specifically, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group.
- alkylenedioxy group examples include an alkylenedioxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and specifically include a methylenedioxy group, an ethylenedioxy group, a propylenedioxy group, and an isopropylidene group. Dendioxy group and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the aralkyloxy group as a substituent of the alkyl group include an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and specifically include a benzyloxy group, 2-phenylethoxy group, 1-phenylpropoxy group, 2-phenyl Propoxy group, 3-phenylpropoxy group, 1-phenylbutoxy group, 2-phenylbutoxy group, 3-phenylbutoxy group, 4-phenylbutoxy group, 1-phenylpentyloxy group, 2-phenylpentyloxy group, 3-phenyl Pentyloxy group, 4-phenylpentyloxy group, 5-phenylpentyloxy group, 1-phenylhexyloxy group, 2-phenylhexyloxy group, 3-phenylhexyloxy group, 4-phenylhexyloxy group, 5-phenylhexyl group Examples include a siloxy group and a 6-phenylhexyloxy group.
- heteroaryloxy group as a substituent of the alkyl group include, for example, at least one hetero atom, preferably 1 to 3 hetero atoms such as nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, etc.
- heteroaryloxy groups include 2-pyridyloxy group, 2-pyrazyloxy group, 2-pyrimidyloxy group, 2-quinolyloxy group and the like.
- Examples of the substituted amino group as the substituent of the alkyl group include an N-methylamino group, an N, N-dimethylamino group, an N, N-diethylamino group, an N, N-diisopropylamino group, and an N-cyclohexylamino group.
- a mono or dialkylamino group such as: N-phenylamino group, N, N-diphenylamino group, N-naphthylamino group, N-naphthyl-N-phenylamino group or the like; N-benzylamino group; Examples thereof include mono- or diaralkylamino groups such as N, N-dibenzylamino group.
- halogen atom substituted for the alkyl group examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- the halogenated alkyl group substituted for the alkyl group is preferably a perhalogenoalkyl group, such as a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a heptafluoropropyl group, an undecafluoropentyl group, a heptadecafluorooctyl group, an undeca group.
- a perhalogenoalkyl group such as a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a heptafluoropropyl group, an undecafluoropentyl group, a heptadecafluorooctyl group, an undeca group.
- Examples include a fluorocyclohexyl group and a dichloromethyl group.
- cycloalkyl group examples include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. These cycloalkyl groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the substituents described in the description of the substituent of the alkyl group.
- alkenyl group examples include chain, branched or cyclic alkenyl groups having, for example, 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 1-pentenyl group, 2-pentenyl group, and 3-pentenyl.
- alkenyl groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the groups described in the description of the substituent of the alkyl group.
- aryl group examples include aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, and a biphenyl group. These aryl groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the groups described in the description of the substituent of the alkyl group.
- an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, and specific examples include a benzyl group, a 2-phenylethyl group, a 1-phenylpropyl group, a 3-naphthylpropyl group, and the like.
- These aralkyl groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include groups described in the description of the alkyl group.
- R 3 and R 4 , R 3 and R 5 , R 3 and R 6 , R 4 and R 6 , or R 5 and R 6 are, for example, a cyclopentane ring, cyclohexane ring, indane ring, tetralin ring, cyclopentene ring, cyclohexene ring, cycloheptene ring, indene ring, dihydronaphthalene Ring, octahydronaphthalene ring, decahydronaphthalene ring and the like.
- These rings may be substituted with an alkyl group as described above, an acyl group described below, or the like.
- acyl group examples include an acetyl group, a propanoyl group, a butanoyl group, an octanoyl group, a benzoyl group, a toluoyl group, a xyloyl group, a naphthoyl group, a phenanthroyl group, and an anthranoyl group.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated aldehyde used as a substrate in the present invention include the following compounds.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated aldehyde ⁇ -position and ⁇ -position double bond those having a Z configuration and an E configuration include both of them.
- the wavy line in the compound represents the Z configuration and the E configuration, or a mixture thereof.
- Me represents a methyl group and Bn represents a benzyl group.
- geranial (A below), neral (B below) and citral are particularly preferable.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketone used as a substrate in the present invention is preferably a 5- to 16-membered ketone.
- Specific examples of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketones include the following compounds.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketone ⁇ - and ⁇ -position double bonds those having Z configuration and E configuration include both of them.
- the wavy line in the compound represents the Z configuration and the E configuration, or a mixture thereof.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- Bu represents a butyl group
- Pr represents a propyl group
- Bn represents a benzyl group.
- the catalyst of the present invention comprises at least one metal powder selected from Group 8 to 10 metal in the periodic table or a metal support on which at least one metal selected from Group 8 to 10 metal is supported on a carrier, optical A catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation of an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound containing an active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound and an acid.
- a metal support in which at least one metal powder selected from Group 8 to 10 metal in the periodic table or at least one metal selected from Group 8 to 10 metal is supported on a carrier will be described.
- Preferred metals of Groups 8 to 10 in the periodic table are Ni (nickel), Ru (ruthenium), Rh (rhodium), Ir (iridium), Pd (palladium) and Pt (platinum), and particularly preferred metals are Pd. It is.
- Examples of the metal powder include Pd black and Pt black.
- metal support those in which the above metals are supported on a carrier are used, and these metals are carbon, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite, metal oxide, metal halide, metal sulfide, metal sulfone.
- Those supported on a carrier such as acid salts, metal nitrates, metal carbonates, and metal phosphates are preferably used.
- those in which palladium or platinum is supported on a carrier are preferable.
- Specific metal supports include Raney nickel, Ru / C, Rh / C, Pd / C, Ir / C, Pt / C, Pd / Al 2 O 3 , Pd / SiO 2 , Pd / TiO 2 , Pd / ZrO 2 , Pd / CeO 2 , Pd / ZnO, Pd / CdO, Pd / TiO 2 , Pd / SnO 2 , Pd / PbO, Pd / As 2 O 3 , Pd / Bi 2 O 3 , Pd / Sb 2 O 5 , Pd / V 2 O 5 , Pd / Nb 2 O 5 , Pd / Cr 2 O 3 , Pd / MoO 3 , Pd / WO 3 , Pd / BeO, Pd / MgO, Pd / CaO, Pd / SrO, Pd / BaO, Pd / Y 2 O 3 ,
- optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound used as a catalyst component in the present invention will be described.
- optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound include an optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound represented by the general formula (1).
- ring A is a 3- to 7-membered ring which may have a substituent, and contains at least one atom selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and phosphorus;
- the ring A is preferably composed of such atoms, and the ring A may have a condensed ring structure.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group that may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group that may have a substituent, an alkenyl group that may have a substituent, An aryl group which may have a substituent, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group which may have a substituent, a carboxyl group which may have a substituent, and a substituent.
- An optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl group, an optionally substituted amide group, an optionally substituted siloxy group, an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, or a substituted group Represents an aliphatic heterocyclic group which may have a group; However, R 1 and R 2 are not the same substituent. One of R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to ring A to further form a ring. * Represents an asymmetric carbon atom. )
- Ring A is, for example, an aziridine skeleton, azetidine skeleton, pyrrolidine skeleton, pyrroline skeleton, pyrazolidine skeleton, imidazolidine skeleton, imidazolidinone skeleton, pyrazoline skeleton, thiazolidine skeleton, piperidine skeleton, piperazine skeleton, morpholine skeleton, Examples include a thiomorpholine skeleton. Substituents may be present in these basic skeletons.
- Examples of the basic skeleton when ring A has a condensed ring structure such as a benzene ring include an indoline skeleton, a dihydroquinoxaline skeleton, a tetrahydroisoquinoline skeleton, and a dihydroquinoxalinone skeleton. Substituents may be present in these basic skeletons.
- Examples of the substituent include a hydroxyl group, an oxo group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, and an aliphatic heterocyclic group.
- Examples of the alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, and aliphatic heterocyclic group include groups listed in the description of R 1 and R 2 .
- Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- acyl group examples include an acetyl group, a propanoyl group, a butanoyl group, an octanoyl group, a benzoyl group, a toluoyl group, a xyloyl group, a naphthoyl group, a phenanthroyl group, and an anthranoyl group.
- the ring A and the condensed ring A include a pyrrolidine skeleton that may have a substituent, an imidazolidinone skeleton that may have a substituent, and a dihydroquino that may have a substituent.
- Xalinone skeletons are preferred.
- Preferred examples of the substituent for ring A and condensed ring A include an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, and an optionally substituted group.
- An aromatic heterocyclic group is mentioned.
- the groups represented by R 1 and R 2 are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an amide group, a siloxy group, and an aromatic group.
- a heterocyclic group and an aliphatic heterocyclic group are demonstrated. Any of these groups may have a substituent.
- alkyl group examples include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and specifically include methyl groups, ethyl groups, n-propyl groups, isopropyl groups, n-butyl group, 2-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, 2-pentyl group, 3-pentyl group, tert-pentyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl group, 1,2-dimethylpropyl group, n-hexyl group, 2-hexyl group, 3-hexyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 4-methylpentyl group, 1,1 -Dimethylbutyl group, 1,2-dimethylbutyl group, 1,3-dimethylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 2,3-
- alkyl groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent of the alkyl group include an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, Examples include trialkylsiloxy group, alkylenedioxy group, aryloxy group, aralkyloxy group, heteroaryloxy group, substituted amino group, halogenated alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, hydroxyl group and halogen atom.
- the alkenyl group as a substituent of the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and examples thereof include alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, a 1-butenyl group, a pentenyl group, and a hexenyl group.
- the alkynyl group substituted on the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and examples thereof include alkynyl groups having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 1-butynyl group, 3-butynyl group, pentynyl group, hexynyl group and the like.
- aryl group as the substituent of the alkyl group examples include an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and specifically include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, an isopropylphenyl group, a xylyl group, a t-butylphenyl group, a cyclohexyl group.
- the aliphatic heterocyclic group as a substituent of the alkyl group has, for example, 2 to 14 carbon atoms, and has at least 1, preferably 1 to 3 hetero atoms such as a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- Examples include groups containing heteroatoms.
- a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aliphatic heterocyclic group and a polycyclic or condensed aliphatic heterocyclic group are exemplified.
- aliphatic heterocyclic group examples include a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl group, piperidino group, piperazinyl group, morpholino group, tetrahydrofuryl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, and tetrahydrothienyl group.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group as a substituent of the alkyl group has, for example, 2 to 15 carbon atoms, and is a hetero atom such as at least 1, preferably 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, or sulfur atoms. Examples include groups containing atoms.
- a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group and a polycyclic or condensed aromatic heterocyclic group are used.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include, for example, furyl group, methylfuryl group, thienyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrazolinyl group, imidazolyl group, oxazolinyl group, thiazolinyl group, benzofuryl group, Examples thereof include benzothienyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phthalazinyl group, quinazolinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, cinnolinyl group, benzoimidazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, and benzothiazolyl group.
- alkoxy group as a substituent of the alkyl group examples include linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group.
- trialkylsiloxy group as a substituent of the alkyl group include a trimethylsiloxy group, a triethylsiloxy group, a dimethyl tert-butylsiloxy group, and the like.
- alkylenedioxy group examples include an alkylenedioxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and specifically include a methylenedioxy group, an ethylenedioxy group, a propylenedioxy group, and an isopropylidene group. Dendioxy group and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the aralkyloxy group as a substituent of the alkyl group include an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and specifically include a benzyloxy group, a 2-phenylethoxy group, a 1-phenylpropoxy group, and a 2-phenylpropoxy group.
- heteroaryloxy group as a substituent of the alkyl group include, for example, at least one hetero atom, preferably 1 to 3 hetero atoms such as nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, etc.
- heteroaryloxy groups include 2-pyridyloxy group, 2-pyrazyloxy group, 2-pyrimidyloxy group, 2-quinolyloxy group and the like.
- substituted amino group as the substituent of the alkyl group examples include N-methylamino group, N, N-dimethylamino group, N, N-diethylamino group, N, N-diisopropylamino group, N-cyclohexylamino group, Mono- or dialkylamino groups such as pyrrolidyl, piperidyl and morpholyl groups; mono- or diaryls such as N-phenylamino, N, N-diphenylamino, N-naphthylamino, N-naphthyl-N-phenylamino Amino group; mono- or diaralkylamino group such as N-benzylamino group, N, N-dibenzylamino group and the like.
- the halogenated alkyl group substituted for the alkyl group is preferably a perhalogenoalkyl group, such as a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a heptafluoropropyl group, an undecafluoropentyl group, a heptadecafluorooctyl group, an undeca group.
- a perhalogenoalkyl group such as a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a heptafluoropropyl group, an undecafluoropentyl group, a heptadecafluorooctyl group, an undeca group.
- Examples include a fluorocyclohexyl group and a dichloromethyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group substituted on the alkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group
- halogen atom substituted for the alkyl group examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- cycloalkyl group examples include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. These cycloalkyl groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the substituents described in the description of the substituent of the alkyl group.
- alkenyl group examples include chain, branched or cyclic alkenyl groups having, for example, 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 1-pentenyl group, 2-pentenyl group, and 3-pentenyl.
- alkenyl groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the groups described in the description of the substituent of the alkyl group.
- aryl group examples include an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Specifically, a phenyl group, a tolyl group, an isopropylphenyl group, a xylyl group, a t-butylphenyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a 1-methylcyclohexyl group, Adamantylphenyl group, trifluoromethylphenyl group, naphthyl group, anthranyl group, phenanthryl group, biphenyl group, 4- (2′-p-tolylpropyl) phenyl group, mesityl group, methoxyphenyl group, dimethoxyphenyl group, 4- ( 3 ′, 4 ′, 5 ′, 6 ′, 7 ′, 8 ′, 9 ′, 10′-heptadecafluorodecyl) phenyl group, fluorophenyl group and the like. These aryl groups may have
- aralkyl group for example, an aralkyl group having 7 to 45 carbon atoms is preferable, and specifically, benzyl group, tolylmethyl group, xylylmethyl group, mesitylmethyl group, 4-phenylphenylmethyl group, 3-phenylphenylmethyl group, 2-phenyl group.
- Phenylmethyl group 4-mesitylphenylmethyl group, 1-naphthylmethyl group, 2-naphthylmethyl group, 9-anthranylmethyl group, 9-phenanthrylmethyl group, 3,5-diphenylphenylmethyl group, 2-phenyl Ethyl group, 1-phenylpropyl group, 3-naphthylpropyl group, diphenylmethyl group, ditolylmethyl group, dixylylmethyl group, dimesitylmethyl group, di (4-phenylphenyl) methyl group, di (3-phenylphenyl) methyl group, Di (2-phenylphenyl) methyl group, di (4-mesity) Phenyl) methyl group, di1-naphthylmethyl group, di2-naphthylmethyl group, di9-anthranylmethyl group, di9-phenanthrylmethyl group, bis (3,5-diphenylphenyl) methyl group, triphenylmethyl
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.
- carboxyl group for example, a carboxyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable, and specifically, an acetoxy group, an n-propanoyloxy group, an isopropanoyloxy group, an n-butanoyloxy group, a 2-butanoyloxy group, an isobutanoyloxy group.
- Tert-butanoyloxy group n-pentanoyloxy group, 2-methylbutanoyloxy group, 3-methylbutanoyloxy group, 2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxy group, n-hexanoyloxy group, 2-methylpentanoyloxy group, 3-methylpentanoyloxy group, 4-methylpentanoyloxy group, 5-methylpentanoyloxy group, cyclopentanoyloxy group, cyclohexanoyloxy group, dicyclopentylacetoxy group, dicyclohexylacetoxy group, tricyclopentylacetoxy group, Tricyclohexylacetate Shi group, phenylacetoxy group, diphenyl acetoxy group, triphenyl acetoxy group, benzoyloxy group, Nafutoirokishi group and the like.
- These carboxy groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the groups described in the description of the alky
- an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.
- an amide group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Specific examples include an acetamido group, an n-propionamide group, an isopropionamide group, an n-butanamide group, a 2-butanamide group, an isobutanamide group, and a tert-butanamide.
- amide groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the groups described in the description of the alkyl group.
- siloxy group examples include trimethylsiloxy group, triethylsiloxy group, dimethyl tert-butylsiloxy group and the like. These siloxy groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include groups described in the description of the alkyl group.
- aromatic heterocyclic group for example, a group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms and containing at least one, preferably 1 to 3 hetero atoms such as nitrogen atom, oxygen atom or sulfur atom as hetero atoms.
- a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group and a polycyclic or condensed aromatic heterocyclic group are used.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include, for example, furyl group, methylfuryl group, thienyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrazolinyl group, imidazolyl group, oxazolinyl group, thiazolinyl group, benzofuryl group, Examples thereof include benzothienyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phthalazinyl group, quinazolinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, cinnolinyl group, benzoimidazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, and benzothiazolyl group.
- aromatic heterocyclic groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include groups described in the description of the alkyl group.
- aliphatic heterocyclic group for example, a group having 2 to 14 carbon atoms and containing at least one hetero atom such as a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, preferably 1 to 3 hetero atoms.
- a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aliphatic heterocyclic group and a polycyclic or condensed aliphatic heterocyclic group are exemplified.
- aliphatic heterocyclic group examples include a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl group, piperidino group, piperazinyl group, morpholino group, tetrahydrofuryl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, and tetrahydrothienyl group.
- These aliphatic heterocyclic groups may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include groups described in the description of the alkyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 include hydrogen, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, and an aralkyl group which may have a substituent.
- an amino acid does not correspond as an optically active cyclic nitrogen compound of the present invention.
- optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound examples include the following compounds.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group
- Bu represents a butyl group
- Bn represents a benzyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- TMS represents a trimethylsilyl group
- polymer represents a polymer chain.
- a commercially available product can be used as the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound used in the present invention, and it can also be synthesized.
- a method for producing an optically active diarylmethylpyrrolidine compound among optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compounds will be described.
- Optically active diarylmethylpyrrolidine compounds can be synthesized, for example, according to the methods described in Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 5127-5132 and Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1997, 8, 149-153. This method can be represented by the following Scheme 1.
- compound 5 can be synthesized according to the method described in Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 5127-5132.
- Compound 5 was synthesized by dissolving (R)-or (S) -proline (compound 4) and an alkali metal compound represented by the general formula M 2 CO 3 in an alcohol compound represented by the general formula R 8 OH.
- a chlorocarbonate compound represented by the general formula ClCO 2 R 7 can be dropped into the solution in the range of 0 to 30 ° C.
- the amount of the solvent used is, for example, 10 to 30 times the volume (ml) [ml / g], preferably 15 to 25 times the volume (g) of the substrate (R)-or (S) -proline (g). ml) [ml / g].
- the compound 5 obtained as described above can be isolated and purified by commonly used operations such as extraction, recrystallization and various chromatography.
- the group represented by R 7 includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, An alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as an octyl group; a cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group; a benzyl group and a p-methylbenzyl group And an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms such as
- the alkali metal compound represented by the general formula M 2 CO 3 examples of the metal represented by M include lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium and
- examples of the group represented by R 8 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms a cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group; a carbon such as a benzyl group or a p-methylbenzyl group; Examples thereof include aralkyl groups of several 7 to 10.
- Compound 6 can be synthesized according to the method described in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1997, 8, 149-153.
- Compound 6 was synthesized by adding an ether solution of a Grignard compound represented by the general formula ArMgX in THF or the like dropwise in an inert gas atmosphere at ⁇ 5 to 20 ° C. Finally, the temperature is raised to about 70 ° C. and maintained for 3 to 6 hours.
- the amount of the solvent used is, for example, 1 to 10 times volume (ml) [ml / g], preferably 2 to 3 times volume (ml) [ml / g] with respect to the weight (g) of compound 5 as a substrate. is there.
- the compound 6 obtained as described above can be isolated and purified by commonly used operations such as extraction, recrystallization and various chromatography.
- examples of the aryl group represented by Ar include an aryl group which may have a substituent having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the aryl group include aryl groups listed in the description of R 1 and R 2 of the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound.
- Specific examples of the substituent substituted on the aryl group include groups described in the description of the substituent of the alkyl group listed in the description of R 1 and R 2 of the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, an isopropylphenyl group, a xylyl group, a t-butylphenyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a 1-methylcyclohexyl group, an adamantylphenyl group, a trifluoromethylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthranyl group, A phenanthryl group, a biphenyl group, a 4- (2′-p-tolylpropyl) phenyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- examples of the halogen atom represented by X include chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the optically active diarylmethylpyrrolidine compound represented by Compound 7 can be synthesized according to the method described in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1997, 8, 149-153.
- the synthesis of Compound 7 is carried out in the presence of 0.1 to 40% by weight of a palladium catalyst with respect to Compound 6 in an alcohol solvent represented by R 8 OH, THF, or a mixed solvent thereof. It is carried out by debenzylation at 1 ° C. for 10 days in a hydrogen atmosphere of about 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa at 0 ° C.
- the amount of the solvent used is, for example, 5 to 50 times volume (ml) [ml / g], preferably 20 to 40 times volume (ml) [ml / g] with respect to the weight (g) of compound 6 as a substrate. It is.
- the optically active diarylmethylpyrrolidine compound of Compound 7 obtained as described above can be isolated and purified by commonly used operations such as extraction, recrystallization and various chromatography.
- the palladium catalyst represented by is selected from debenzylation catalysts such as Pd / C.
- * represents an asymmetric carbon atom.
- an acid is included as another catalyst component.
- An organic acid or an inorganic acid can be used as the acid, but an organic acid is preferable.
- organic acids include acetic acid, chloroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, tribromoacetic acid, benzoic acid, 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and L-mandel.
- examples include acids, D-mandelic acid, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
- the inorganic acid include hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, odorous acid, iodic acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid.
- an optically active carbonyl compound such as an optically active aldehyde or an optically active ketone can be obtained by subjecting an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound to an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction in the presence of the aforementioned catalyst.
- the amount of the metal powder and metal support used as components of the catalyst of the present invention varies depending on various reaction conditions, but the total weight of the metal powder with respect to the weight of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound as a substrate.
- the total weight of the metal support is, for example, 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight.
- the amount of the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound used as a component of the catalyst of the present invention varies depending on various reaction conditions, but for example 0.01 to 20% by weight with respect to the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound as a substrate. %, Preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight can be used.
- the amount of the acid used as a component of the catalyst of the present invention varies depending on various reaction conditions, but is, for example, 0.01 to 10 times mol, preferably 0.2, with respect to the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound. Up to 4 times mol can be used.
- an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound is asymmetrically hydrogenated using the catalyst of the present invention to produce an optically active carbonyl compound, it can be carried out in the presence or absence of a solvent. Preferably it is done.
- solvents used include aliphatic hydrocarbon organic solvents such as hexane, heptane and octane; alicyclic hydrocarbon organic solvents such as cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane; aromatic carbonization such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
- Hydrogen-based organic solvents such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and dioxolane; water; alcohol-based organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and tertiary butanol; dichloromethane, dichloroethane, Halogenated hydrocarbon organic solvents such as chlorobenzene and bromotoluene; dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and the like are preferable, and a mixed solvent of these solvents can be used as necessary.
- ether-based organic solvents such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and dioxolane
- water alcohol-based organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and tert
- heptane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, t-butanol, and water-containing t-butanol are particularly preferable.
- the amount of the solvent to be used can be appropriately selected depending on the reaction conditions and the like, but is 0 to 20 times the volume (ml) [(ml / g) of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound as the substrate (g). g)], preferably 0 to 5 times the volume (ml) [(ml / g)].
- hydrogen gas is used as a hydrogen source, and the hydrogen pressure is 0.01 MPa to 10 MPa, preferably 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa.
- the reaction temperature is -78 to 100 ° C, preferably 10 to 70 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the reaction conditions, but is usually 1 to 30 hours.
- optically active carbonyl compound obtained as described above can be isolated and purified by commonly used operations such as extraction, recrystallization and various chromatography.
- the steric configuration of the obtained optically active carbonyl compound can produce d-form or l-form (R-form or S-form) by appropriately selecting the steric configuration of the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound.
- the product was measured by gas chromatography (GLC). The conditions are as described below.
- Analytical instrument used G2010 gas chromatograph column manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation: Conversion measurement DB-WAX (0.25 mm x 30 m) manufactured by Agilent, Optical purity ⁇ -DEX-225 (0.25 mm x 30 m) manufactured by Spellco, Detector: FID
- optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compounds the compounds used in Examples 48 to 56 and 58 to 61 were synthesized by the following method. In other examples, a compound made by Aldrich was used.
- Tetrahedron Asymmetry, Vol. 8, no. 1,149-153 (S) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine was synthesized. Under a nitrogen stream, 12.55 g (469 mmol) of magnesium and 50 ml of anhydrous THF were added to a nitrogen-substituted 1 L reaction flask and stirred. A solution of 100 g (469 mmol) of 4-t-butylphenylbromobenzene in 500 ml of THF was added dropwise at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour (synthesis of a grinder compound). Next, the solution was cooled to 5 ° C.
- Tetrahedron Asymmetry, Vol. 8, no. 1,149-153 (S) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine was synthesized.
- 2.55 g (105 mmol) of magnesium and 50 ml of anhydrous THF were added and stirred under a nitrogen stream.
- a solution of 21.31 g (100 mmol) of 4-t-butylphenylbromobenzene in 30 ml of THF was added dropwise at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour (synthesis of a grinder compound). Next, the solution was cooled to 5 ° C.
- Tetrahedron Asymmetry, Vol. 8, no. 1,149-153 (S) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine was synthesized.
- 2.55 g (105 mmol) of magnesium and 50 ml of anhydrous THF were added and stirred under a nitrogen stream.
- a solution of 19.91 g (100 mmol) of 4-i-propylphenylbromobenzene in 30 ml of THF was added dropwise at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour (synthesis of a grinder compound). Next, the solution was cooled to 5 ° C.
- the obtained organic layer was washed with 100 ml of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, 100 ml of water and 100 ml of saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtering the desiccant, the filtrate was concentrated to obtain crude 1-methylcyclohexylbenzene.
- the obtained crude 1-methylcyclohexylbenzene was purified by distillation under reduced pressure (110-113 ° C./10 mmHg) to obtain 40.2 g of the desired product. Yield 36.5%.
- reaction solution was added to 25 ml of a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and 50 ml of extraction chloroform was added and stirred for 1 hour.
- the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel, and the organic layer was separated and washed twice with saturated brine.
- the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then the solvent was distilled off to obtain 4.76 g of a concentrate.
- Tetrahedron Asymmetry, Vol. 8, no. 1,149-153 (S) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine was synthesized.
- 0.591 g (24.3 mmol) of magnesium and 10 ml of anhydrous THF were added and stirred under a nitrogen stream.
- a solution of p-1-adamantylphenylchlorobenzene (5.00 g, 20.3 mmol) in THF (30 ml) was added dropwise at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour (synthesis of a grinder compound). Next, the solution was cooled to 5 ° C.
- the reaction solution was added to 25 ml of a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and 50 ml of extraction chloroform was added and stirred for 1 hour.
- the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel, and the organic layer was separated and washed twice with saturated brine.
- the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then the solvent was distilled off to obtain a concentrate containing the target product.
- Tetrahedron Asymmetry, Vol. 8, no. 1,149-153 (S) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine was synthesized.
- 2.55 g (105 mmol) of magnesium and 50 ml of anhydrous THF were added and stirred under a nitrogen stream.
- a solution of 22.5 g (100 mmol) of 4-trifluoromethylphenylbromobenzene in 30 ml of THF was added dropwise at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour (synthesis of a grinder compound). Next, the solution was cooled to 5 ° C.
- Tetrahedron Asymmetry, Vol. 8, no. 1,149-153 (S) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine was synthesized.
- Into a nitrogen-substituted 300 ml reaction flask 2.13 g (87.5 mmol) of magnesium and 10 ml of anhydrous THF were added and stirred under a nitrogen stream.
- a solution of p-bromobiphenyl 19.1 g (81.9 mmol) in 54 ml of THF was added dropwise at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour (synthesis of a grinder compound). Next, the above solution was cooled to 5 ° C.
- Example 1 In a 10 ml reaction flask, 1 mg (6.57 mmol) of geranial, 25 mg of 5 wt% Pd-C (2.5 wt% with respect to geranial), 25 mg (0.11 mmol, geranial, (R) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine. 2.5% by weight), 12 mg (0.11 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and 2 ml of toluene were added and stirred to obtain a hydrogen atmosphere (0.1 MPa (atmospheric pressure)). After stirring at room temperature for 21 hours, the catalyst was filtered and analyzed by gas chromatography. The conversion from geranial to citronellal was 91%, and the obtained citronellal was d-form, and its optical purity was 67. 65% e. e. Met.
- Example 2 to 12 The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound and acid were changed.
- the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound was used in an amount of 25 mg, and the acid was used in the same mole with respect to the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound.
- Tables 1 and 2 In the table, TFA represents trifluoroacetic acid and TCA represents trichloroacetic acid. The same applies hereinafter.
- Example 13 to 25 The reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that neral was used as the reaction substrate and the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound and acid were changed.
- the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound was used in an amount of 25 mg, and the acid was used in the same mole with respect to the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound.
- Tables 3 and 4 The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- Example 1 The reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that neral was used as the reaction substrate, the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound was changed, and no acid was added. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 26 to 29 The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that citral was used as the reaction substrate and the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound and acid were changed.
- the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound was used in an amount of 25 mg, and the acid was used in the same mole with respect to the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 30 In a 10 ml reaction flask, 1 g (6.57 mmol) of geranial, 12.5 mg of 5 wt% Pd-silica (1.25 wt% relative to geranial), 25 mg (0.11 mol) of (R) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine. 2.5 wt% with respect to geranial), 12 mg (0.11 mol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and 2 ml of toluene were added and stirred to form a hydrogen atmosphere (0.1 MPa (atmospheric pressure)). After stirring for 21 hours at room temperature, the catalyst was filtered and analyzed by gas chromatography. The conversion from geranial to citronellal was 42.28%, and the resulting citronellal was d-form, and its optical purity was 70.79% e. e. Met.
- Examples 31 to 41 All reactions were performed in the same manner as in Example 30 except that the metal powder or the metal support was changed. The results are shown in Table 7.
- Example 42 to 44 The reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 30 except that citral was used as the substrate and the metal support was changed. The results are shown in Table 8.
- Example 45 to 47 The reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 30 except that neral was used as the substrate and the metal support was changed. The results are shown in Table 9.
- Example 48 In a 10 ml reaction flask, 2 g (13.14 mmol) of citral, 25 mg of 5 wt% Pd-barium sulfate (1.25 wt% with respect to citral), (R) -2- (bis- (4′-t-butylphenyl) methyl) pyrrolidine 80 mg (0.23 mmol, 4.0 wt% relative to citral), 26.1 mg (0.23 mmol) trifluoroacetic acid, 4 ml of 10 wt% water-containing t-BuOH and stirred, and hydrogen atmosphere (0.1 MPa (Atmospheric pressure)). After stirring at 40 ° C.
- the catalyst was filtered and analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the conversion rate from citral to citronellal was 51%, and the obtained citronellal was d-form, and its optical purity was 84. 91% e. e. Met.
- Example 49 is a reaction at 25 ° C
- Example 50 is a reaction at 50 ° C
- Example 51 is a reaction at 60 ° C
- Examples 61 and 62 are reactions at 25 ° C in toluene
- other conditions are as follows: The reaction was conducted in the same manner as in Example 48 except that the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound and acid were changed. The optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound was used in an amount of 80 mg, and the acid was used in the same mole as the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound. The results are shown in Tables 10-12.
- Example 65 A 10 ml reaction flask was charged with 1 g (6.84 mmol) of ⁇ -methylcinnamaldehyde, 50 mg of 5% by weight Pd—C (5% by weight with respect to ⁇ -methylcinnamaldehyde), 25 mg of (R) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine. 0.11 mmol, 2.5 wt% with respect to ⁇ -methylcinnamaldehyde), 12 mg (0.11 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and 2 ml of toluene were added and stirred to form a hydrogen atmosphere (0.1 MPa (atmospheric pressure)).
- Example 66 The reaction was conducted in the same manner as in Example 65 except that (R) -2- (tert-butyl) -3-methyl-4-imidazolidoneone was used as the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound. The conversion was 82%, and the optical purity of the obtained (S) -3-phenylbutyraldehyde was 26.81% e.e. e. Met.
- Example 67 Synthesis of l-menthol
- 500.0 g (3.28 mol) of citral was charged with 6.25 g of 5 wt% Pd-silica alumina (1.25 wt% based on citral), (R ) -2- (diphenylmethyl) pyrrolidine 12.5 g (52.7 mmol, 2.5 wt% with respect to citral), 6 g (52.7 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid and 1 L of toluene were stirred and stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (0.1 MPa). (Atmospheric pressure)). After stirring for 21 hours at room temperature, the catalyst was filtered and analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the conversion from citral to citronellal was 80.4% and its optical purity was 70.66% e.e. e. Met.
- the crude d-citronellal obtained was distilled to obtain 320 g (2.07 mol, 63.1% yield) of 98% pure d-citronellal.
- Raney nickel (0.45 g) was added to 283.8 g of the obtained l-isopulegol and hydrogenated at a hydrogen pressure of 2.5 MPa and 70 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the reaction solution was filtered and distilled to obtain 273.5 g (1.75 mol, 71.24% ee) of 1-menthol.
- the catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation used in the present invention can easily convert the substrate ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl compound by simply mixing the metal powder or metal support, the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound, and the acid.
- An optically active ⁇ , ⁇ -carbonyl compound can be produced by asymmetric hydrogenation. That is, optically active citronellal can be obtained by selectively asymmetric hydrogenation of ⁇ , ⁇ -carbon-carbon double bonds of citral (a mixture of geranial and neral), geranial, or neral.
- Optically active citronellal is not only useful as a perfume itself, but also an important raw material for optically active citronellol, optically active isopulegol, and optically active menthol. Since the catalyst of the present invention is not soluble in the reaction solution, the metal or the metal support and the optically active cyclic nitrogen-containing compound can be easily recovered from the reaction system and reused, which is industrially advantageous. .
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Abstract
Description
また、有機不斉触媒とHantzschエステルを用いたα,β-不飽和化合物の水素移動型不斉水素化反応が報告されている(特許文献3、非特許文献6)。
非特許文献1~5の方法においては、実施例としてイソホロンと特殊なエキソサイクリックケトンしかなく、また、本発明の触媒系は使用されていない。
非特許文献6及び特許文献3の有機触媒を用いる方法では、原料の不飽和アルデヒド又は不飽和ケトンに対して20mol%程度の触媒量が必要であることと、水素化の基質であるHantzschエステルは原料の不飽和アルデヒド又はケトンに対して等量以上必要であることから、光学活性アルデヒド又は光学活性ケトンの製造方法としては経済的に不利である。
そこで、反応溶液に溶解しない固体触媒等の不均一系触媒を用いることにより、容易に触媒の回収をする方法が求められていた。
また、固体触媒等の不均一系触媒使用したα,β-不飽和アルデヒドの不斉水素化反応は知られていなかった。
〔1〕周期表における第8~10族金属より選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属の粉末又は第8~10族金属より選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属が担体に担持された金属担持物と、光学活性環状含窒素化合物と、酸とを含むα,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物の不斉水素化用触媒。
〔2〕光学活性環状含窒素化合物が下記一般式(1)
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有してもよいアルケニル基、置換基を有してもよいアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいアラルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシ基、置換基を有していてもよいカルボキシル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシカルボニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアミド基、置換基を有していてもよいシロキシ基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基、又は置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族複素環基を表す。ただしR1とR2は同じ置換基になることはない。また、R1又はR2の一方が環Aと結合しさらに環を形成していてもよい。*は不斉炭素原子を表す。)
で表される化合物であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕に記載の不斉水素化用触媒。
〔3〕金属がニッケル、ルテニウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、パラジウム及び白金からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする上記〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の不斉水素化用触媒。
〔4〕下記一般式(2)
で表されるα,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物を、上記〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の不斉水素化用触媒を用いて不斉水素化する工程を含むことを特徴とする、下記一般式(3)
で表される光学活性カルボニル化合物の製造方法。
〔5〕α,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物が、ゲラニアール、ネラール又はシトラールであることを特徴とする上記〔4〕に記載の製造方法。
〔6〕α,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物が、5~16員環のケトン類であることを特徴とする上記〔4〕に記載の製造方法。
本発明の不斉水素化触媒は、従来の不斉水素化触媒のように、触媒を調製するための反応工程を必要としない。単に、原料化合物、光学活性環状含窒素化合物、金属粉末又は金属担持物、及び酸を混合して不斉水素化するものである。このように操作も簡便であり、また、金属粉末又は金属担持物、及び光学活性環状含窒素化合物は回収して再使用でき、工業的にも有利である。
<基質>
本発明においては、α,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物を基質として用い、これを本発明の触媒を使用して不斉水素化し、光学活性カルボニル化合物である光学活性アルデヒド又は光学活性ケトンを製造する。
これらシクロアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としては、前記のアルキル基の置換基の説明で述べたような置換基が挙げられる。
これらアルケニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としては、前記のアルキル基の置換基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これらアラルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
α,β-不飽和ケトンの具体例としては、例えば以下のような化合物が挙げられる。なお、α,β-不飽和ケトンのα位とβ位の二重結合において、Z配置及びE配置があるものは、それらの何れも含むものである。以下、化合物中の波線は、Z配置及びE配置、又はそれらの混合物を表す。
以下化合物中、Meはメチル基、Phはフェニル基、Etはエチル基、Buはブチル基、Prはプロピル基、Bnはベンジル基を表す。
次に、本発明の触媒について説明する。
本発明の触媒は、周期表における第8~10族金属より選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属の粉末又は第8~10族金属より選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属が担体に担持された金属担持物と、光学活性環状含窒素化合物と、酸とを含むα,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物の不斉水素化用触媒である。
周期表における第8~10族の金属としては、Ni(ニッケル)、Ru(ルテニウム)、Rh(ロジウム)、Ir(イリジウム)、Pd(パラジウム)及びPt(白金)が好ましく、特に好ましい金属はPdである。
Pd/Al2O3、Pd/SiO2、Pd/TiO2、Pd/ZrO2、Pd/CeO2、Pd/ZnO、Pd/CdO、Pd/TiO2、Pd/SnO2、Pd/PbO、Pd/As2O3、Pd/Bi2O3、Pd/Sb2O5、Pd/V2O5、Pd/Nb2O5、Pd/Cr2O3、Pd/MoO3、Pd/WO3、
Pd/BeO、Pd/MgO、Pd/CaO、Pd/SrO、Pd/BaO、Pd/Y2O3、Pd/La2O3、Pd/Na2O、Pd/K2O、
Pd/CdS、Pd/ZnS、
Pd/MgSO4、Pd/CaSO4、Pd/SrSO4、Pd/BaSO4、Pd/CuSO4、Pd/ZnSO4、Pd/CdSO4、Pd/Al2(SO4)3、Pd/FeSO4、Pd/Fe2(SO4)3、Pd/CoSO4、Pd/NiSO4、Pd/Cr2(SO4)3、Pd/KHSO4、Pd/K2SO4、Pd/(NH4)2SO4、
Pd/Zn(NO3)2、Pd/Ca(NO3)2、Pd/Bi(NO3)3、Pd/Fe(NO3)3、
Pd/Na2CO3、Pd/K2CO3、Pd/KHCO3、Pd/KNaCO3、Pd/CaCO3、Pd/SrCO3、Pd/BaCO3、Pd/(NH4)2CO3、Pd/Na2WO4・2H2O、Pd/KCN、
Pd/BPO4、Pd/AlPO4、Pd/CrPO4、Pd/FePO4、Pd/Cu3(PO4)2、Pd/Zn3(PO4)2、Pd/Mg3(PO4)2、Pd/Ti3(PO4)4、Pd/Zr3(PO4)4、Pd/Ni3(PO4)2、
Pd/AgCl、Pd/CuCl、Pd/CaCl2、Pd/AlCl3、Pd/TiCl3、Pd/SnCl2、Pd/CaF2、Pd/BaF2、Pd/AgClO4、Pd/Mg(ClO4)2
Pd/Zeolite、Pd/SiO2-Al2O3、Pd/SiO2-TiO3、Pd/SiO2-ZrO2、Pd/SiO2-BeO、Pd/SiO2-MgO、Pd/SiO2-CaO、Pd/SiO2-SrO、Pd/SiO2-BaO、Pd/SiO2-ZnO、Pd/SiO2-TiO2、Pd/SiO2-ZrO2、Pd/SiO2-Ga2O3、Pd/SiO2-Y2O3、Pd/SiO2-La2O3、Pd/SiO2-MoO3、Pd/SiO2-WO3、Pd/SiO2-V2O5、Pd/SiO2-ThO2、
Pd/Al2O3-MgO、Pd/Al2O3-ZnO、Pd/Al2O3-CdO、Pd/Al2O3-B2O3、Pd/Al2O3-ThO2、Pd/Al2O3-TiO2、Pd/Al2O3-ZrO2、Pd/Al2O3-V2O5、Pd/Al2O3-MoO3、Pd/Al2O3-WO3、Pd/Al2O3-Cr2O3、Pd/Al2O3-Mn2O3、Pd/Al2O3-Fe2O3、Pd/Al2O3-Co3O4、Pd/Al2O3-NiO、
Pd/TiO2-CuO、Pd/TiO2-MgO、Pd/TiO2-ZnO、Pd/TiO2-CdO、Pd/TiO2-ZrO2、Pd/TiO2-SnO2、Pd/TiO2-Bi2O3、Pd/TiO2-Sb2O5、Pd/TiO2-V2O5、Pd/TiO2-Cr2O3、Pd/TiO2-MoO3、Pd/TiO2-WO3、Pd/TiO2-Mn2O3、Pd/TiO2-Fe2O3、Pd/TiO2-Co3O4、Pd/TiO2-NiO、
Pd/ZrO2-CdO、
Pd/ZnO-MgO、Pd/ZnO-Fe2O3、
Pd/MoO3-CoO-Al2O3、Pd/MoO3-NiO-Al2O3、Pd/TiO2-SiO2-MgO、Pd/MoO3-Al2O3-MgO、Pd/heteropoly acids、
Pt/SiO2、Pt/Al2O3、Pt/Zeolite、
Rh/Al2O3等が挙げられる。
光学活性環状含窒素化合物としては、例えば、一般式(1)で表される光学活性環状含窒素化合物があげられる。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有してもよいアルケニル基、置換基を有してもよいアリール基、置換基を有してもよいアラルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシ基、置換基を有していてもよいカルボキシル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシカルボニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアミド基、置換基を有していてもよいシロキシ基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基、又は置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族複素環基を表す。ただしR1とR2は同じ置換基になることはない。また、R1又はR2の一方が環Aと結合しさらに環を形成していてもよい。*は不斉炭素原子を表す。)
環Aが、ベンゼン環などにより縮環構造となる場合の基本骨格としては、例えば、インドリン骨格、ジヒドロキノキサリン骨格、テトラヒドロイソキノリン骨格、ジヒドロキノキサリノン骨格等が挙げられる。これらの基本骨格に置換基が存在していてもよい。
環A及び縮環した環Aの置換基の好ましい例としては、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアラルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基が挙げられる。
アルキル基に置換するシクロアルキル基としては、例えばシクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
これらシクロアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としては、前記のアルキル基の置換基の説明で述べたような置換基が挙げられる。
これらアルケニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としては、前記のアルキル基の置換基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これらアリール基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の置換基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これらアラルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これらアルコキシ基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これらカルボキシ基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これらアルコキシカルボニル基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これらアミド基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これらシロキシ基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これら芳香族複素環基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
これら脂肪族複素環基は置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としてはアルキル基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
なお、本発明の光学活性環状窒素化合物としては、アミノ酸は該当しない。
以下化合物中、Meはメチル基、Phはフェニル基、Buはブチル基、Bnはベンジル基、Etはエチル基、TMSはトリメチルシリル基、polymerはポリマー鎖を表す。
光学活性ジアリールメチルピロリジン化合物は、例えば、Tetrahedron 1993,49,5127-5132、及びTetrahedron:Asymmetry 1997,8,149-153に記載されている方法に従って合成することができる。該方法は、以下のScheme1で表すことができる。
化合物5の合成は、(R)-又は(S)-プロリン(化合物4)と一般式M2CO3で表されるアルカリ金属化合物とを一般式R8OHで表されるアルコール化合物に溶解した溶液に、一般式ClCO2R7で表されるクロロ炭酸エステル化合物を0~30℃の範囲で滴下して行うことができる。溶媒の使用量は、基質である(R)-又は(S)-プロリンの重量(g)に対して例えば10~30倍容量(ml)〔ml/g〕、好ましくは15~25倍容量(ml)〔ml/g〕である。
上記のようにして得られた化合物5は、例えば抽出、再結晶、各種クロマトグラフィー等の通常用いられる操作により、単離精製を行うことができる。
一般式M2CO3で表されるアルカリ金属化合物において、Mで表される金属としては、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、セシウム等が挙げられる。
一般式R8OHで表されるアルコール化合物において、R8で表される基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基等の炭素数1~8のアルキル基;シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基等の炭素数1~8の環状アルキル基;ベンジル基、p-メチルベンジル基等の炭素数7~10のアラルキル基等が挙げられる。
化合物6の合成は、化合物5のTHF等のエーテル溶液に、一般式ArMgXで表されるグリニヤ化合物のTHF等のエーテル溶液を不活性気体雰囲気下、-5~20℃で滴下し、反応温度を最終的に70℃程度にまで上げ3~6時間の範囲で保持して行われる。溶媒の使用量は、基質である化合物5の重量(g)に対して例えば1~10倍容量(ml)〔ml/g〕、好ましくは2~3倍容量(ml)〔ml/g〕である。
上記のようにして得られた化合物6は、例えば抽出、再結晶、各種クロマトグラフィー等の通常用いられる操作により、単離精製を行うことができる。
アリール基の具体例としては、光学活性環状含窒素化合物のR1及びR2の説明で列挙するアリール基が挙げられる。
アリール基に置換する置換基の具体例としては、光学活性環状含窒素化合物のR1及びR2の説明で列挙するアルキル基の置換基の説明で述べたような基が挙げられる。
アリール基としては、例えばフェニル基、トリル基、イソプロピルフェニル基、キシリル基、t-ブチルフェニル基、シクロヘキシル基、1-メチルシクロヘキシル基、アダマンチルフェニル基、トリフロロメチルフェニル基、ナフチル基、アントラニル基、フェナンスリル基、ビフェニル基、4-(2’-p-トリルプロピル)フェニル基等が挙げられる。
一般式ArMgXで表されるグリニヤ化合物において、Xで表されるハロゲン原子としては、例えば塩素、臭素、ヨウ素が挙げられる。
化合物7の合成は、化合物6を、化合物6に対して0.1~40重量%のパラジウム触媒存在下、R8OHで表されるアルコール溶媒、THF、またはこれらの混合溶媒中、20~80℃で0.1MPa~1MPa程度の水素雰囲気下で1日~10日、脱ベンジル化をすることによって行われる。溶媒の使用量は、基質である化合物6の重量(g)に対して、例えば5~50倍容量(ml)〔ml/g〕、好ましくは20~40倍容量(ml)〔ml/g〕である。
上記のようにして得られた化合物7の光学活性ジアリールメチルピロリジン化合物は、例えば抽出、再結晶、各種クロマトグラフィー等の通常用いられる操作により、単離精製を行うことができる。
なおScheme1中、*は不斉炭素原子を表す。
酸としては有機酸又は無機酸を用いることができるが、有機酸が好ましい。
具体的な無機酸の例としては、弗酸、塩酸、臭酸、ヨウ酸、硫酸、過塩素酸、燐酸及び硝酸等が挙げられる。
本発明では、前記した触媒の存在下に、α,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物を不斉水素化反応させることにより、光学活性アルデヒド又は光学活性ケトンのような光学活性カルボニル化合物が得られる。
溶媒の使用量は、反応条件等により適宜選択することができるが、基質であるα,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物の重量(g)に対して例えば0~20倍容量(ml)〔(ml/g)〕、好ましくは0~5倍容量(ml)〔(ml/g)〕である。
使用分析機器:島津製作所製G2010ガスクロマトグラフ
カラム: 転化率測定 Agilent社製DB-WAX(0.25mm x 30m)、
光学純度 スペルコ社製β-DEX-225(0.25mm x 30m)、
検出器:FID
(R)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl esterの合成
2Lの四つ口フラスコに、(R)-プロリン35.54g(0.3mol)、無水メタノール600ml、炭酸カリウム41.46gを投入し攪拌した。氷冷下、クロロ炭酸エチル71.62g(0.66mmol)を25℃以下で滴下し、0℃で12時間攪拌した。その後、メタノールを留去し水300mlを投入し、クロロホルム450mlで抽出、さらに水層をクロロホルム450mlで2回抽出した。得られた有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥、ろ過後溶媒を留去し、52.85g、87.5%の収率で目的物を得た。
(S)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl esterの合成
1Lの四つ口フラスコに、(S)-プロリン23.03g(0.2mol)、無水メタノール400ml、炭酸カリウム27.64gを投入し攪拌した。氷冷下、クロロ炭酸エチル47.75g(0.44mmol)を25℃以下で滴下し、0℃で12時間攪拌した。その後、メタノールを留去し水200mlを投入し、クロロホルム300mlで抽出、さらに水層をクロロホルム300mlで2回抽出した。得られた有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥、ろ過後溶媒を留去し、35.85g、89.1%の収率で目的物を得た。
(R)-2-(bis-(4’-t-butylphenyl)methyl)pyrrolidineの合成(実施例48~53の光学活性環状含窒素化合物の合成)
窒素置換した1L反応フラスコに、窒素気流下、マグネシウム12.55g(469mmol)、無水THF50mlを投入し攪拌した。室温にて4-t-ブチルフェニルブロモベンゼン100g(469mmol)のTHF500ml溶液を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌した(グリニア化合物の合成)。
次に、上記溶液を5℃以下に冷却し、合成例1で得られた、(R)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl ester 47.2g(235mmol)のTHF200ml溶液を10℃以下にて滴下して反応させた。その後、3時間加熱還流したのち冷却し、飽和アンモニウムクロライド水溶液500mlに反応液を投入し、抽出用トルエンを500ml投入、1時間攪拌した。分液ろうとに移し、有機層を分離、水層をトルエン500mlで2回再抽出を行い、有機層を合わせて、飽和食塩水で2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去し、得られた結晶をトルエン1200mlにて加熱溶解した。冷却後、得られた結晶をろ過し、減圧下乾燥後、65.8gの(5R)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-t-butylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneを得た。
得られた(5R)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-t-butylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneに、メタノール460ml、THF460ml、10%Pd-C 2.63gを投入し攪拌、水素置換した。そのまま10日間室温で反応した後、Pd-Cをろ過にて除去、濃縮を行い、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、無色結晶の目的物を43.6g,74.3%の収率で得た。
1H-NMR(CD3OD):δ=1.10~1.50、m、19H δ=1.60~1.85、m、3H δ=2.65~2.80、m、1H δ=2.80~2.95、m、1H δ=3.65、d、1H δ=3.70~3.85、m、1H δ=7.10~7.35、m、8H
(S)-2-(bis-(4’-t-butylphenyl)methyl)pyrrolidineの合成(実施例54の光学活性環状含窒素化合物の合成)
窒素置換した300ml反応フラスコに、窒素気流下、マグネシウム2.55g(105mmol)、無水THF50mlを投入し攪拌した。室温にて4-t-ブチルフェニルブロモベンゼン21.31g(100mmol)のTHF30ml溶液を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌した(グリニア化合物の合成)。
次に、上記溶液を5℃以下に冷却し、合成例2で得られた、(S)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl ester 10.05g(50mmol)を10℃以下にて滴下して反応させた。その後、3時間加熱還流したのち冷却し、飽和アンモニウムクロライド水溶液100mlに反応液を投入し、抽出用トルエンを100ml投入、1時間攪拌した。分液ろうとに移し、有機層を分離、水層をトルエン100mlで2回再抽出を行い、有機層を合わせて、飽和食塩水で2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去し、得られた結晶を酢酸エチル140mlにて加熱溶解した。冷却後、得られた結晶をろ過し、減圧下乾燥後、9.13gの(5S)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-t-butylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneを得た。
得られた(5S)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-t-butylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneに、メタノール100ml、THF100ml、10%Pd-C 365mgを投入し攪拌、水素置換した。そのまま4日間室温で反応した後、Pd-Cをろ過にて除去、濃縮を行い、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、無色結晶の目的物を3.48g,19.93%の収率で得た。
1H-NMR(CD3OD):δ=1.10~1.50、m、19H δ=1.60~1.85、m、3H δ=2.65~2.80、m、1H δ=2.80~2.95、m、1H δ=3.65、d、1H δ=3.70~3.85、m、1H δ=7.10~7.35、m、8H
(S)-2-(bis-(4’-i-propylphenyl)methyl)pyrrolidineの合成(実施例55の光学活性環状含窒素化合物の合成)
窒素置換した300ml反応フラスコに、窒素気流下、マグネシウム2.55g(105mmol)、無水THF50mlを投入し攪拌した。室温にて4-i-プロピルフェニルブロモベンゼン19.91g(100mmol)のTHF30ml溶液を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌した(グリニア化合物の合成)。
次に、上記溶液を5℃以下に冷却し、合成例2で得られた、(S)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl ester 10.05g(50mmol)を10℃以下にて滴下して反応させた。その後、3時間加熱還流したのち冷却し、飽和アンモニウムクロライド水溶液100mlに反応液を投入し、抽出用トルエンを100ml投入、1時間攪拌した。分液ろうとに移し、有機層を分離、飽和食塩水で2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去し、16.22gの(5S)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-i-propylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneを得た。
得られた(5S)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-i-propylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneに、メタノール100ml、THF50ml、10%Pd-C 650mgを投入し攪拌、水素置換した。そのまま4日間室温で反応したのち、Pd-Cをろ過にて除去、濃縮を行い、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、無色結晶の目的物を2.71g,16.86%の収率で得た。
1H-NMR(CD3OD):δ=1.05~1.20、m、12H δ=1.20~1.35、m、1H δ=1.60~1.80、m、3H δ=2.65~2.95、m、4H δ=3.60、d、1H δ=3.70~3.85、m、1H δ=7.00~7.30、m、8H
(R)-2-(bis-(4’-(1’’-Methylcyclohexyl)phenyl)methyl)pyrrolidineの合成(実施例56の光学活性環状含窒素化合物の合成)
硫酸231g (2.36mol)のベンゼン溶液225.6ml(2.53mol)に、0℃にて1-メチル-1-シクロヘキセン75.0ml(632mmol)と ベンゼン56.4ml(632mmol)の混合溶液を1.5時間かけて滴下し、0℃にて1.5時間撹拌した。反応液に水300mlを加えてクエンチし、水層を分離した。得られた有機層を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液100ml、水100mlおよび飽和食塩水100mlで洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。乾燥剤をろ過後、ろ液を濃縮して粗1-メチルシクロヘキシルベンゼンを得た。得られた粗1-メチルシクロヘキシルベンゼンを減圧蒸留(110-113℃/10mmHg)で精製し、40.2g の目的物を得た。収率36.5%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.20、s、3H δ=1.30~1.70、m、8H δ=1.90~2.10、m、2H δ=7.10~7.40、m、5H
上記(1)で得られた1-メチルシクロヘキシルベンゼン20.0g(115mmol)に鉄279mg(5.00mmol)およびヨウ素198mg(0.78mmol)を加え0℃にて臭素17.8g(111mmol)を1.5時間かけてゆっくり滴下し、その温度で1.5時間、室温で20時間撹拌した。反応液を冷却後、飽和亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液30mlでクエンチし、ヘキサン50mlにて3回抽出した。合わせた有機層を亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液30mlおよび水30mlで洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。乾燥剤をろ過後、溶媒を減圧回収して粗ブロミド27.9g を得た。得られた粗ブロミドを減圧蒸留(117-120℃/2mmHg)で精製し、収率 80.3%で目的物を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.15、s、3H δ=1.30~1.70、m、8H δ=1.90~2.10、m、2H 2H δ=7.15~7.50、m、4H
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry,Vol.8,No.1,149-153の(S)-2-(diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidineの合成法に従って合成した。
窒素置換した100ml反応フラスコに、窒素気流下、マグネシウム535mg(22.0mmol)、無水THF4mlを投入し攪拌した。室温にて、上記(2)で得られた4-(1’-メチルシクロヘキシル)ブロモベンゼン5.06g(20mmol)のTHF25ml溶液を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌した(グリニア化合物の合成)。
次に、上記溶液を5℃以下に冷却し、合成例1で得られた(R)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl ester2.01g(10mmol)のTHF16ml溶液を10℃以下にて滴下して反応させた。その後、3時間加熱還流したのち冷却し、飽和アンモニウムクロライド水溶液25mlに反応液を投入し、抽出用クロロホルムを50ml投入、1時間攪拌した。分液ろうとに移し、有機層を分離、飽和食塩水で2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去し、4.76gの濃縮物を得た。酢酸エチル中から再結晶し、2.37gの(5R)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-(1’’-Methylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-bicyclooctaneを得た。
得られた(5R)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-(1’’-Methylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-bicyclooctaneに、メタノール35ml、THF35ml、10%Pd-C 1.10gを投入し攪拌、水素置換した。50℃で7.5時間反応した後、Pd-Cをろ過にて除去、濃縮を行い、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、無色結晶の目的物を1.50g,35.0%の収率で得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.10~1.20、s、6H δ=1.25~2.20、m、24H δ=2.70~3.00、m、2H δ=3.70~3.95、m、2H δ=7.10~7.40、m、8H
(R)-2-(bis-(p-1’-adamantylphenyl)methyl)pyrrolidineの合成(実施例58の光学活性環状含窒素化合物の合成)
窒素置換した200ml反応フラスコに、窒素気流下、マグネシウム0.591g(24.3mmol)、無水THF10mlを投入し攪拌した。室温にてp-1-アダマンチルフェニルクロロベンゼン5.00g(20.3mmol)のTHF30ml溶液を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌した(グリニア化合物の合成)。
次に、上記溶液を5℃以下に冷却し、合成例1で得られた(R)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl ester 2.04g(10.1mmol)を10℃以下にて滴下して反応させた。その後、3時間加熱還流したのち冷却し、飽和アンモニウムクロライド水溶液100mlに反応液を投入し、抽出用THFを300ml投入、1時間攪拌した。分液ろうとに移し、有機層を分離、飽和食塩水で1回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去し、2.37gの(5R)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(p-1’-adamantylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneを得た。
得られた(5R)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(p-1’-adamantylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneに、メタノール36ml、THF36ml、10%Pd-C 1.18gを投入し攪拌、水素置換した。50~60℃で70時間反応した後、Pd-Cをろ過にて除去、濃縮を行い、アルミナカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、無色結晶の目的物を1.45g,31.6%の収率で得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.40~2.20、m、30H δ=2.60~2.80、br、1H δ=3.05~3.90、m、2H δ=4.10~4.90、m、2H δ=7.00~7.50、m、8H
(R)-2-(bis-(4’-(2’’-p-tolylpropyl)phenyl)methyl)pyrrolidineの合成(実施例59の光学活性環状窒素化合物の合成)
硫酸44.1g(450mmol)のトルエン溶液59.9ml(470mmol)に、0℃にてp-クロロメチルスチレン21.5ml(150mmol)と トルエン20ml(280mmol)の混合溶液を1時間かけて滴下し、0℃にて2.0時間撹拌した。反応液に水100mlを加えてクエンチし、水層を分離した。得られた有機層を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液50mlおよび水50mlで洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。乾燥剤をろ過後、ろ液を濃縮して粗クロリドを得た。得られた粗クロリドを減圧蒸留(120-130℃/1mmHg)で精製し、31.8g の目的物を得た。収率86.7%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.80、s、6H δ=2.45、s、3H δ=7.20~7.45、m、8H
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry,Vol.8,No.1,149-153の(S)-2-(diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidineの合成法に従って合成した。
窒素置換した100ml反応フラスコに、窒素気流下、マグネシウム535mg(22.0mmol)、無水THF4mlを投入し攪拌した。室温にて、上記(1)で得られた4-(2’-p-トリルプロピル)クロロベンゼン4.90g(20mmol)のTHF20ml溶液を還流条件下でゆっくり滴下し、還流条件下で6時間攪拌した(グリニア化合物の合成)。
次に、上記溶液を5℃以下に冷却し、合成例1で得られた(R)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl ester 2.01g(10mmol)のTHF16ml溶液を10℃以下にて滴下し反応させた。その後、3時間加熱還流したのち冷却し、飽和アンモニウムクロライド水溶液25mlに反応液を投入し、抽出用クロロホルムを50ml投入、1時間攪拌した。分液ろうとに移し、有機層を分離、飽和食塩水で2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去し、目的物を含む濃縮物を得た。ヘキサン/酢酸エチル混合溶媒中から再結晶し、2.90gの(5R)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-(2’’-p-tolylpropyl)phenyl)-bicyclooctaneを得た。
得られた(5R)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-(2’’-p-tolylpropyl)phenyl)-bicyclooctaneに、メタノール29ml、THF29ml、10%Pd-C 1.45gを投入し攪拌、水素置換した。50℃で15時間反応した後、Pd-Cをろ過にて除去、濃縮を行い、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、無色結晶の目的物を1.86g,24.7%の収率で得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.30~2.00、m、4H δ=1.60、s、12H δ=2.30、s、6H δ=2.70~3.00、m、2H δ=3.75~3.90、m、2H δ=7.00~7.30、m、16H
(S)-2-(bis-(4’-trifloromethylphenyl)methyl)pyrrolidineの合成(実施例60の光学活性環状窒素化合物の合成)
窒素置換した300ml反応フラスコに、窒素気流下、マグネシウム2.55g(105mmol)、無水THF50mlを投入し攪拌した。室温にて4-トリフルオロメチルフェニルブロモベンゼン22.5g(100mmol)のTHF30ml溶液を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌した(グリニア化合物の合成)。
次に、上記溶液を5℃以下に冷却し、合成例2で得られた(S)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl ester 10.05g(50mmol)を10℃以下にて滴下し反応させた。その後、3時間加熱還流したのち冷却し、飽和アンモニウムクロライド水溶液100mlに反応液を投入し、抽出用トルエンを100ml投入、1時間攪拌した。分液ろうとに移し、有機層を分離、飽和食塩水で2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去し、12.87gの(5S)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-trifloromethylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneを得た。
得られた(5S)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(4’-trifloromethylphenyl)-bicyclooctaneに、メタノール130ml、10%Pd-C 514mgを投入し攪拌、水素置換した。そのまま4日間室温で反応した後、Pd-Cをろ過にて除去、濃縮を行い、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、淡黄色オイル状の目的物を6.74g,36.11%の収率で得た。
1H-NMR(CD3OD):δ=1.25~1.50、m、1H δ=1.70~1.95、m、3H δ=2.80~2.90、m、1H δ=2.90~3.05、m、1H δ=3.90~4.05、m、1H δ=7.45~7.65、m、8H
(S)-2-(bis-(p-biphenyl)methyl)pyrrolidineの合成(実施例61の光学活性環状窒素化合物の合成)
窒素置換した300ml反応フラスコに、窒素気流下、マグネシウム2.13g(87.5mmol)、無水THF10mlを投入し攪拌した。室温にてp-ブロモビフェニル19.1g(81.9mmol)のTHF54ml溶液を滴下し、室温で1時間攪拌した(グリニア化合物の合成)。
次に、上記溶液を5℃以下に冷却し、合成例2で得られた(S)-Proline-N-ethyl carbamate methyl ester 8.00g(39.8mmol)を10℃以下にて滴下し反応させた。その後、3時間加熱還流したのち冷却し、飽和アンモニウムクロライド水溶液100mlに反応液を投入し、抽出用トルエンを100ml投入、1時間攪拌した。分液ろうとに移し、有機層を分離、飽和食塩水で2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を留去し、6.71gの(5S)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(p-biphenyl)-bicyclooctaneを得た。
得られた(5S)-[3,3,0]-1-aza-2-oxo-3-oxa-4,4-bis-(p-biphenyl)-bicyclooctaneに、メタノール130ml、10%Pd-C 335mgを投入し攪拌、水素置換した。そのまま4日間室温で反応した後、Pd-Cをろ過にて除去、濃縮を行い、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、無色結晶の目的物を1.52g,25.1%の収率で得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.43~1.89、m、5H δ=2.86~3.12、m、2H δ=3.85~3.89、m、2H δ=7.25~7.56、m、18H
10ml反応フラスコに、ゲラニアール1g(6.57mmol)、5重量%Pd-Cを25mg(ゲラニアールに対して2.5重量%)、(R)-2-(diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine 25mg(0.11mmol。ゲラニアールに対して2.5重量%)、トリフルオロ酢酸12mg(0.11mmol)、トルエン2mlをいれ攪拌し、水素雰囲気(0.1MPa(大気圧))とした。室温にて21時間攪拌した後、触媒をろ過後、ガスクロマトグラフィ-で分析したところ、ゲラニアールからシトロネラールへの転化率は91%で、得られたシトロネラールはd体であり、その光学純度は67.65%e.e.であった。
光学活性環状含窒素化合物、酸を変更した以外は、全て実施例1と同様に反応を行なった。なお、光学活性環状含窒素化合物は25mg、酸は光学活性環状含窒素化合物に対して同モルを使用した。結果を表1及び表2に示す。
表中、TFAはトリフルオロ酢酸、TCAはトリクロロ酢酸を表す。以下同様である。
反応基質にネラールを用い、光学活性環状含窒素化合物、酸を変更した以外は、全て実施例1と同様に反応を行なった。なお、光学活性環状含窒素化合物は25mg、酸は光学活性環状含窒素化合物に対して同モルを使用した。結果を表3及び表4に示す。
反応基質にネラールを用い、光学活性環状含窒素化合物を変更し、酸を添加しない以外は、全て実施例1と同様に反応を行なった。結果を表5に示す。
反応基質にシトラールを用い、光学活性環状含窒素化合物、酸を変更した以外は、全て実施例1と同様に反応を行なった。なお、光学活性環状含窒素化合物は25mg、酸は光学活性環状含窒素化合物に対して同モルを使用した。結果を表6に示す。
10ml反応フラスコに、ゲラニアール1g(6.57mmol)、5重量%Pd-シリカ 12.5mg(ゲラニアールに対して1.25重量%)、(R)-2-(diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine 25mg(0.11mol。ゲラニアールに対して2.5重量%)、トリフルオロ酢酸12mg(0.11mol)、トルエン2mlをいれ攪拌し、水素雰囲気(0.1MPa(大気圧))とした。室温にて21時間攪拌した後、触媒をろ過後、ガスクロマトグラフィ-で分析したところ、ゲラニアールからシトロネラールへの転化率は42.28%で、得られたシトロネラールはd体であり、その光学純度は70.79%e.e.であった。
金属粉末又は金属担持物を変更した以外は、全て実施例30と同様に反応を行なった。結果を表7に示す。
基質にシトラールを用い、金属担持物を変更した以外は、全て実施例30と同様に反応を行なった。結果を表8に示す。
基質にネラールを用い、金属担持物を変更した以外は、全て実施例30と同様に反応を行なった。結果を表9に示す。
10ml反応フラスコに、シトラール2g(13.14mmol)、5重量%Pd-硫酸バリウム 25mg(シトラールに対して1.25重量%)、(R)-2-(bis-(4’-t-butylphenyl)methyl)pyrrolidine 80mg(0.23mmol。シトラールに対して4.0重量%)、トリフルオロ酢酸26.1mg(0.23mmol)、10重量%含水t-BuOH4mlをいれ攪拌し、水素雰囲気(0.1MPa(大気圧))とした。40℃にて21時間攪拌した後、触媒をろ過後、ガスクロマトグラフィ-で分析したところ、シトラールからシトロネラールへの転化率は51%で、得られたシトロネラールはd体であり、その光学純度は84.91%e.e.であった。
実施例49は25℃での反応、実施例50は50℃での反応、実施例51は60℃での反応、実施例61および62は25℃でトルエン中での反応とし、その他条件は、光学活性環状含窒素化合物、酸を変更した以外は、全て実施例48と同様に反応を行なった。なお、光学活性環状含窒素化合物は80mg、酸は光学活性環状含窒素化合物に対して同モルを使用した。結果を表10~12に示す。
10ml反応フラスコに、β-メチルシンナムアルデヒド1g(6.84mmol)、5重量%Pd-C 50mg(β-メチルシンナムアルデヒドに対して5重量%)、(R)-2-(diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine 25mg(0.11mmol。β-メチルシンナムアルデヒドに対して2.5重量%)、トリフルオロ酢酸12mg(0.11mmol)、トルエン2mlをいれ攪拌し、水素雰囲気(0.1MPa(大気圧))とした。室温にて21時間攪拌した後、触媒をろ過後、ガスクロマトグラフィ-で分析したところ、転化率は89%で、得られた(S)-3-フェニルブチルアルデヒドの光学純度は34.88%e.e.であった。
光学活性環状含窒素化合物として(R)-2-(tert-butyl)-3-methyl-4-imidazolidinoneを用いた以外は実施例65と同様に反応を行った。転化率は82%で、得られた(S)-3-フェニルブチルアルデヒドの光学純度は26.81%e.e.であった。
3L反応フラスコに、シトラール500.0g(3.28mol)を、5重量%Pd-シリカアルミナ6.25g(シトラールに対して1.25重量%)、(R)-2-(diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine 12.5g(52.7mmol。シトラールに対して2.5重量%)、トリフルオロ酢酸6g(52.7mmol)、トルエン1Lをいれ攪拌し、水素雰囲気(0.1MPa(大気圧))とした。室温にて21時間攪拌した後、触媒をろ過後、ガスクロマトグラフィ-で分析したところ、シトラールからシトロネラールへの転化率は80.4%で、その光学純度は70.66%e.e.であった。得られた粗d-シトロネラールを蒸留して純度98%のd-シトロネラールを320g(2.07mol、63.1%収率)得た。
つまり、シトラール(ゲラニアールとネラールとの混合物)、ゲラニアール、又はネラールのα、β-炭素-炭素二重結合を選択的に不斉水素化することにより、光学活性シトロネラールを得ることができる。光学活性シトロネラールはそれ自体が香料として有用であるばかりでなく、光学活性シトロネロール、光学活性イソプレゴール、光学活性メントールの重要な原料である。
そして、本発明の触媒は、反応溶液に可溶性ではないため、反応系内から金属又は金属担持物、及び光学活性環状含窒素化合物を容易に回収して再利用でき、工業的にも有利である。
Claims (6)
- 周期表における第8~10族金属より選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属の粉末又は第8~10族金属より選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属が担体に担持された金属担持物と、光学活性環状含窒素化合物と、酸とを含むα,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物の不斉水素化用触媒。
- 光学活性環状含窒素化合物が下記一般式(1)
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有してもよいアルケニル基、置換基を有してもよいアリール基、置換基を有していてもよいアラルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシ基、置換基を有していてもよいカルボキシル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシカルボニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアミド基、置換基を有していてもよいシロキシ基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基、又は置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族複素環基を表す。ただしR1とR2は同じ置換基になることはない。また、R1又はR2の一方が環Aと結合しさらに環を形成していてもよい。*は不斉炭素原子を表す。)
で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の不斉水素化用触媒。 - 金属がニッケル、ルテニウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、パラジウム及び白金からなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の不斉水素化用触媒。
- 下記一般式(2)
で表されるα,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物を、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の不斉水素化用触媒を用いて不斉水素化する工程を含むことを特徴とする、下記一般式(3)
で表される光学活性カルボニル化合物の製造方法。 - α,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物が、ゲラニアール、ネラール又はシトラールであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の製造方法。
- α,β-不飽和カルボニル化合物が、5~16員環のケトン類であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の製造方法。
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US9061959B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2015-06-23 | Takasago International Corporation | Method for manufacturing optically active menthol |
WO2013065189A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-10 | 高砂香料工業株式会社 | 光学純度低下防止方法 |
US9896402B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2018-02-20 | Takasago International Corporation | Method for preventing decrease in optical purity |
JP2017502990A (ja) * | 2014-01-15 | 2017-01-26 | ローズ テクノロジーズ | 改良されたオキシモルホン合成のための方法 |
WO2022208545A1 (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Hydrogenation of imines by palladium based catalyst |
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EP2438989A1 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
JPWO2010140636A1 (ja) | 2012-11-22 |
EP2438989A4 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
US8217204B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 |
EP2438989B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
JP5663791B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
US20100324338A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
CN102458659A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
CN102458659B (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
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