WO2010136629A9 - Métodos para el diagnóstico o pronóstico del cáncer colorrectal - Google Patents
Métodos para el diagnóstico o pronóstico del cáncer colorrectal Download PDFInfo
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- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
- C12Q1/6886—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
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Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of biomedicine.
- CRC colorectal cancer
- CRC Colorectal cancer
- Proteomic analyzes are being actively used for the identification of new biomarkers.
- two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis have been identified through the use of antibody microarrays and 2D-DIGE (differential two-dimensional gel electrophoresis), proteins differentially expressed in RCC tissue, including isoforms and post-translational modifications responsible for modifications in signaling pathways (Alfonso et al. 2005. Proteomics 5 (10), 2602-261 1; Kopf et al. 2005. Proteomics 5 (9), 2412-2416; Madoz-Gurpide et al. 2007. Mol CeIl Proteomics 6 (12), 2150-2164; Alfonso et al. 2008. Journal of Proteome Research 7 (10), 4247-4255). These two approaches allowed the identification of a wide collection of potential tumor markers of CCR tissue that are currently being investigated.
- tumor proteins can be affected by point mutations, have an abnormal folding, overexpression, aberrant glycosylation, be truncated or suffer aberrant degradation such as p53, HER2, NY-ESOl or MUCl, respectively (Chen et al. 1997. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 (5), 1914-1918; Schubert et al. 2000. Nature 404 (6779), 770-774; Ulanet et al. 2003. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (21), 12361-12366).
- AATs tumor-associated autoantigens
- have been characterized in RCC using other approaches Scanlan et al. 1998. International Journal of Cancer 76 (5), 652-658.
- the diagnostic validity of the autoantibodies associated with CRC identified To date, it still requires an independent validation for its general use in the diagnosis / prognosis of CRC.
- the present invention relates to a method for the detection of autoantibodies against said proteins (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B) potentially useful as CCR markers as well as data collection methods, methods for the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of the evolution of RCC, and with methods for the diagnosis or prognosis of lung or liver metastases in patients with RCC, and with a suitable kit for the implementation of these methods and their applications.
- the present invention therefore provides a response to the need for biomarkers that allow the diagnosis of CRC, its classification at different stages of tumor progression, the prognosis of disease progression, the evaluation of its response to a certain treatment and the detection of the recurrence or spread (metastasis) of the RCC, by means of a simple, effective and non-invasive method.
- Blood is normally the optimal biological fluid used in non-invasive methods for mass screening for diagnostic purposes of large populations of subjects.
- serum and plasma are easy to obtain, and, on the other hand, the Blood circulation facilitates blood contact with all tissues of the human body, including in the case of cancer patients, contact with tumor tissue and its representative antigens.
- the release of these AATs probably occurs at a very low concentration in plasma and probably undergo proteolysis in a short period of time.
- antibodies are very stable molecules, which have been used for years in different clinical immunoassays, which facilitates the standardization of the assays.
- the use of autoantibodies is also beneficial in the sense that the immune system amplifies the response by facilitating its identification and quantification.
- the serum of patients with CRC and sera of subjects without CRC has been examined in order to identify a signature (trace) of autoantibodies produced by patients suffering from CRC in response to said CCR and its respective reactive proteins.
- sera from patients with CRC and control sera were tested using high density protein microarrays.
- Protein microarrays offer a number of advantages over other approaches used for the identification of AATs: i) proteins printed in the array are known a priori avoiding subsequent identification and eliminating the possible selection of mimotopes, and ii) there is no predisposition to select any protein since all of them are printed at a similar concentration. This combination of factors results in a high sensitivity for the identification of biomarkers.
- the autoantibody signature identified allowed differentiating between sera of patients with CRC and control subjects. In total, 43 proteins were identified that presented a differential expression in sera of patients with CRC and in control sera (p ⁇ 0.04) in the protein array.
- the combination of the 6 best immunoreactive antigens: Piml, MAPKAPK3, STK4, SRC, FGFR4 and ACVR2B was able to detect CCR with 100% specificity and sensitivity using data obtained from the protein array. Expression levels, increased or decreased, of said proteins were confirmed by membrane immunodetection and immuno-histochemistry using both cell lines and tumor tissue of CCR and tissue microarrays.
- the combination formed by the purified proteins Piml, MAPKAPK3 and ACVR2B was tested by an ELISA using sera from patients with CRC and sera control.
- the ELISA technique is much more sensitive than other techniques such as membrane immunodetection or immunohistochemistry. This high sensitivity could explain why the prevalence of autoantibodies in cancer patients is much higher than in previous studies, in addition to the detection of reactivity in control subjects. In fact, the diagnostic test could be based on autoantibodies with high prevalence since no autoantigens with exclusive immunoreactivity were found in the serum of patients with CRC.
- the invention relates to a method for the detection of an autoantibody against a protein comprising: a) contacting a biological sample with said protein or with a fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody; and b) detecting the formation of an autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody; wherein said protein is selected from the group formed by the proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B and combinations thereof.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of obtaining data in a biological sample of a subject comprising detecting at least one autoantibody against a protein, wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of a autoantibody against Piml protein, an autoantibody against SRC protein, an autoantibody against MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against ACVR2B protein, and, if desired , determine the level of said autoantibody in said sample.
- said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of a autoantibody against Piml protein, an autoantibody against SRC protein, an autoantibody against MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against ACVR2B protein, and, if desired , determine the level of said autoantibody in said sample.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of obtaining data in a biological sample of a subject comprising detecting at least one product of expression of a gene, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, and, if desired, quantify the level of expression of said expression product of said gene in said sample.
- the invention relates to a method for diagnosing whether a subject suffers from colorectal cancer (CRC), which comprises comparing the level of at least one autoantibody to a protein, wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, in a biological sample of said subject, with the reference level for said autoantibody, wherein if the level of said autoantibody against Piml protein, or said autoantibody against SRC protein, or said autoantibody against MAPKAP K3 protein , or of said autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, or of said autoantibody against the STK4 protein, in said sample, is greater than the ref level corresponding interference for said autoantibodies, and / or if the level of the autoantibody against AC
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for diagnosing whether a subject suffers from colorectal cancer (CRC), which comprises comparing the level of expression of at least one expression product of a gene, wherein said gene is selected from the group formed by the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, in a sample of said subject, with the reference level for said expression product of said gene, where if the level of said gene expression product Piml, or of said expression product of the SRC gene, or of said expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene, or of said expression product of the FGFR4 gene, or of said expression product of the STK4 gene, is greater than the corresponding reference level for said expression products of said genes and / or if the level of the ACVR2B gene expression product is lower than the reference level for said expression product of said gene, said subject is diagnosed with RCC.
- CRC colorectal cancer
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for evaluating the prognosis or monitoring of the evolution of a patient suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC), which it comprises comparing the level of at least one autoantibody to a protein, wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAPKAP K3 protein , an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, in a biological sample of said patient suffering from CRC, with the reference level for said autoantibody, where if the level of said autoantibody against Piml protein, or said autoantibody against SRC protein, or said autoantibody against MAPKAPK3 protein, or said autoantibody against FGFR4 protein, or said autoantibody against STK4 protein, in said sample, it is greater than the corresponding reference level for said autoantibodies, and / or
- the invention relates to a method for evaluating the prognosis or monitoring of the evolution of a patient suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC), which comprises comparing the level of expression of at least one gene expression product.
- said gene is selected from the group formed by the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, in a sample of said patient suffering from RCC, with the reference level for said expression product of said gene, in wherein if the level of said expression product of the Piml gene, or of said expression product of the SRC gene, or of said expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene, or of said expression product of the FGFR4 gene, or of said expression product of the STK4 gene, is greater than the corresponding reference level for said expression products of said genes and / or if the level of the ACVR2B gene expression product is lower than the reference level for said dich expression product or gene, said patient undergoes a CRC with poor prognosis or presents a CRC
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for diagnosing lung metastases in a patient suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC), which comprises comparing the level of at least one autoantibody to a protein in a biological sample of said patient.
- said protein is a protein selected from the group of proteins mentioned in Table 2, with the reference level for said autoantibody, wherein, if the level of autoantibody against said protein in said biological sample of said patient is greater than the reference level for said autoantibody, the RCC patient has lung metastases.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for diagnosing liver metastases in a patient suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC) which comprises comparing the level of at least one autoantibody to a protein in a biological sample of said patient, wherein said protein is a protein selected from the group of proteins mentioned in Table 3, with the reference level for said autoantibody, wherein, if the level of autoantibody against said protein in said biological sample of said patient is greater than the reference level for said autoantibody, the CRC patient has liver metastases.
- CRC colorectal cancer
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a kit comprising:
- an autoantibody selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAP KAP K3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, or, alternatively
- the invention relates to the use of said kit to detect an autoantibody against a protein selected from the group formed by proteins.
- Figure 1 Shows the analysis of the expression of Piml, MAPKAPK3 and ACVR2B, in cell lines and tumor tissue.
- A 50 ⁇ g of protein extract from normal (N) and tumor (T) paired tissues of 6 patients with CRC (Duke stages A, B and C) were run separately in 10% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes; membrane immunodetections were performed with commercial antibodies obtained against Piml, MAPKAPK3 and ACVR2B, using anti-tubulin as the control of the assay.
- the signal was developed using ECL (Amersham) or SuperSignal Femto (Pierce).
- the signal was developed using ECL. (Amersham) or SuperSignal Femto (Pierce).
- C The relative levels of FGFR4 gene expression (Notterman, Alón, Sierk, and Levine, (2001) Cancer Res. 61, 3124-3130), MAPKAPK3 (Ki, Jeung et al. 2007 Int. J. Cancer 121, 2005-2012), SRC (Ki, Jeung et al. 2007 Int. J. Cancer 121, 2005-2012) and STK4 (Watanabe, Kobunai et al. 2006 Cancer Res. 66, 9804-9808) were evaluated using the Oncomine DNA microarray public database
- Figure 2 Shows the verification of the selected AATs (Piml, MAPKAPK3 and ACVR2B) by ELISA.
- Figure 3 It shows the ROC curves of the selected AATs and consists of a graphic representation of the behavior of said AATs.
- A ROC curves using the ELISA values of ACVR2B, Piml and MAPKAPK3 individually.
- B ROC curves using different combinations of the selected proteins [(MAPKAPK3 and ACVR2B and Pim 1) and (MAPKAPK3 and ACVR2B)].
- C ROC curves using the CEA and Annex IV controls. [ADC: Area under the curve; Sens: Sensitivity; Spec: Specificity].
- FIG. 4 Immunohistochemical analysis of Piml and ACVR2B.
- A Result of the immunohistochemical analysis of Piml and ACVR2B in CCR tissue and normal adjacent mucosa of 45 patients with RCC quantified by 2 independent researchers on different days, according to the following criteria: O, without dizziness; 1, weak tide; 2, normal tide; 3, strong tide. Error bars represent the S. S. of each trial.
- B Statistical analysis of TMA results. Sample size, mean, 95% CI for mean, standard deviation and T-test are indicated.
- FIG. 5 Correlation of autoantibodies to MAPKAPK3 and ACVR2B in serum of subjects with CRC.
- a and B show the distribution of the signal intensity of both markers in serum of patients with CRC [CRC serum (tumor)] and in serum healthy subjects [healthy control serum (normal)].
- C shows the graph of the signal in each serum (tumor and normal) of MAPKAPK3 and ACVR2B, where the absence of correlation between the signal of both markers can be observed. The higher the signal for ACVR2B, the greater the possibility of belonging to the normal group; the opposite situation is observed for MAPKAPK3.
- FIG. 6 Analysis based on an ELISA of serum samples using an ELISA with the AATs STK4 and FGFR4.
- a total of 94 serum samples (52 patients with CRC and 42 controls) were used for implementation and analysis based on an ELISA of AATs recombinant CEA and Annex IV were used as controls.
- the results show the average absorbance values obtained for SRC, STK4, FGFR4, HSA and Annexin IV in serum of reference populations (controls) and with CCR. Error bars represent the DS of the test.
- the serum CEA concentration was determined using a specific kit for immunoassays (MP Biomedicals).
- FIG. 7 Validation of SRC, STK4 and FGFR4 as potential biomarkers in CCR.
- A SRC, STK4 and FGFR4 chart discriminating between serum of patients with CRC and serum of reference subjects (controls) independently in a validation group of a total of 94 samples (52 of patients with CRC and 42 controls).
- B specificity (Spec) and sensitivity (Sens) obtained using the HAS and Annex IV controls to independently discriminate patients with CRC from different subjects.
- C specificity and sensitivity obtained from the analysis of ROC curves using an optimal combination of biomarkers (MAPKAPK3, ACVR2B, Piml and FGFR4).
- FIG. 8 Validation of a combination of markers for the diagnosis of CRC.
- CEA paper alone and with an optimal combination of markers for the diagnosis of CRC (MAPKAPK3, ACVR2B, Piml and FGFR4).
- the combination of the autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3, ACVR2B, Piml and FGFR4 and CEA is also shown by independently discriminating serum from patients with serum CRC from reference subjects (controls) in a validation group from a total of 94 samples (52 from patients with CCR and 42 controls), indicating that the markers provided by this invention in combination with CEA significantly improve the detection of CCR.
- FIG. 10 Graph of the values obtained by an ELISA of the concentration of MAPKAPK3, Piml, SRC, FGFR4 and STK4 and CEA in serum of patients with CRC.
- concentration of CEA was higher in late stages of CRC than in early stages of CRC (where its concentration was quite low).
- the presence of serum autoantibodies of patients with CRC against the selected biomarkers provided by this invention was constant during all stages, allowing a better diagnosis of CRC not only in late stages but also in early CRC stages.
- antibody refers to immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immuno globulin molecules, that is, molecules that contain an antigen binding site that specifically binds (immunoreacts) with an antigen. , such as, for example, a protein.
- immunoglobulin M immunoglobulin M
- IgD immunoglobulin D
- IgG immunoglobulin G
- IgA immunoglobulin A
- IgE immunoglobulin E
- autoantibody is applied to an antibody that reacts with an antigen present in a subject's own organism, even if the reaction occurs only in vitro, and whether it causes pathological effects in vivo or if It does not produce them.
- autoantibody against the Piml protein refers to an autoantibody capable of reacting with the Piml protein, or with a variant or with a fragment of said protein, as long as said variant or said fragment is functionally equivalent, that is, capable of being recognized by said autoantibody.
- said autoantibody against the protein Piml is an IgG; In another particular embodiment, said autoantibody against the Piml protein is an IgM.
- auto antibody against SRC protein refers to a car antibody capable of reacting with the SRC protein, or with a variant or with a fragment of said protein, as long as said variant or said fragment is functionally equivalent, that is, capable of being recognized by said autoantibody.
- said autoantibody against the SRC protein is an IgG; In another particular embodiment, said autoantibody against the SRC protein is an IgM.
- autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein refers to an autoantibody capable of reacting with the MAP KAP K3 protein, or with a variant or with a fragment of said protein, as long as said variant or said fragment is functionally equivalent, that is, capable of being recognized by said autoantibody.
- said autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein is an IgG; In another particular embodiment, said autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein is an IgM.
- autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein refers to an autoantibody capable of reacting with the FGFR4 protein, or with a variant or with a fragment of said protein, as long as said variant or said fragment is functionally equivalent, that is, capable of being recognized by said autoantibody.
- said autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein is an IgG; In another particular embodiment, said autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein is an IgM.
- autoantibody against the STK4 protein refers to an autoantibody capable of reacting with the STK4 protein, or with a variant or with a fragment of said protein, as long as said variant or said fragment is functionally equivalent, that is, capable of being recognized by said autoantibody.
- said autoantibody against the STK4 protein is an IgG; In another particular embodiment, said autoantibody against the STK4 protein is an IgM.
- autoanticueroo against ACVR2B protein refers to an autoantibody capable of reacting with the STK4 protein, or with a variant or with a fragment of said protein, as long as said variant or said fragment is functionally equivalent, that is, capable of being recognized by said autoantibody.
- said autoantibody against the STK4 protein is an IgG;
- said autoantibody against the STK4 protein is an IgM.
- autoanticueroo against ACVR2B protein is an autoantibody against ACVR2B protein.
- said autoantibody against ACVR2B protein is an IgG; In another particular embodiment, said autoantibody against ACVR2B protein is an IgM.
- colon cancer or "CCR”.
- colon cancer includes any type of neoplasms of the colon, rectum and appendix as well as any histological subtype that typically appears in colon cancer, eg, transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma , any clinical subtype, eg, superficial, invasive muscle or cancer of metastatic disease, or any TNM stage including T0-T4, N0-N2 and MO-Ml tumors.
- Patients can be classified into different groups with respect to the stage of the tumor.
- the classification of colon cancer is an estimate of the penetration of a particular cancer. It is carried out for research, diagnosis and to determine the best method of treatment.
- the system for the classification of colorectal cancers depends on the extent of the local invasion, the degree of lymph nodes involved and whether there are distal metastases.
- the most common classification system is the TNM system (for tumors / nodules / metastases) of the "American Joint Committee on Cancer” (AJCC).
- the TNM system assigns a number based on three categories. "T” indicates the degree of invasion of the intestinal wall, "N” the degree of lymph node involvement and "M” the degree of metastasis.
- the broadest stage of cancer is normally cited as a number I, II, III, IV derived from the TNM value grouped by the prognosis, a higher number indicates a more advanced cancer and a worse prognosis. Table 1 shows system details.
- quantify refers to the measurement of the quantity or concentration, preferably in a quantitative, semi-quantitative or relative manner of a product, for example, autoantibodies against a given protein (eg, Piml , SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, etc., or against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3), expression products (eg, RNA or protein) of the genes encoding a particular protein (eg, Piml , SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, etc.), etc.
- the quantification of a product can be carried out directly or indirectly.
- Direct measurement refers to the measurement of the quantity or concentration of said product based on the signal that is obtained directly from said product and that is directly correlated with the number of molecules of the product in question present in the analyzed sample.
- Said signal (which can also be referred to as an intensity signal) can be obtained, for example, by measuring an intensity value of a chemical or physical property of the product in question.
- the indirect measurement of the quantity or concentration of a product includes the measurement obtained from a secondary component (eg, a component other than autoantibodies) or a biological measurement system (eg, the measurement of cellular responses, ligands, "tags", enzymatic reaction products, etc.).
- the quantification of the expression level of an expression product of a gene can be carried out directly or indirectly.
- Direct measurement refers to the measure of the quantity or concentration of an expression product of a gene based on the signal that is obtained directly from the expression product of said gene and that is directly correlated with the number of molecules of expression product of said gene present in the analyzed sample.
- Said signal which can also be referred to as an intensity signal, can be obtained, for example, by measuring an intensity value of a chemical or physical property of the expression product of the gene in question (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, etc.).
- the indirect measurement of the quantity or concentration of an expression product of a gene includes the measurement obtained from a secondary component (eg, a component other than the expression products of the gene in question) or a biological measurement system (eg, measurement of cellular responses, ligands, "tags", enzymatic reaction products, etc.).
- a secondary component eg, a component other than the expression products of the gene in question
- a biological measurement system eg, measurement of cellular responses, ligands, "tags", enzymatic reaction products, etc.
- diagnosis refers, in general, to the process by which a disease, nosological entity, syndrome, or any health-disease condition is identified.
- diagnosis of colorectal cancer or CRC refers to the ability to identify or detect the presence of CRC; This detection, as understood by one skilled in the art, is not intended to be correct in 100% of the samples analyzed. However, it requires that a statistically significant amount of the analyzed samples be classified correctly. The amount that is significantly statistical can be established by a person skilled in the art by using different statistical tools; Illustrative, non-limiting examples of such statistical tools include the determination of confidence intervals, the determination of the p-value, the Student test or the discriminant functions of Fisher, etc.
- the confidence intervals are at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%.
- the p-value is less than 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005 or 0.0001.
- the teachings of the present invention allow to correctly detect the disease (CRC) in at least 60%, in at least 70%, in at least 80%, or in at least 90% of the subjects of a given group or population analyzed.
- fragment applied to a protein, as used herein, refers to a portion of a protein, for example, a protein selected from the group consisting of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B proteins or their variants.
- fragment of a protein capable of being recognized by an autoantibody that recognizes said protein refers to a fragment of a protein that is recognized by an autoantibody against said protein, so that It forms a stable autoantibody-protein fragment complex.
- said protein may be a protein selected from the group of proteins formed by the proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B.
- variants or fragments of proteins as used herein, means that the variant or fragment of the protein in question essentially maintains the immunological properties of said protein in question.
- immunological properties can be determined by conventional methods such as those described in the Examples that accompany this description (e.g., by ELISA assays, etc.).
- Piml gene refers to the gene or nucleic acid sequence encoding the Piml protein, as defined herein, and also includes, by extension, the nucleic acid sequence encoding a fragment of said functionally Piml protein equivalent.
- SRC gene refers to the gene or nucleic acid sequence encoding the SRC protein, as defined herein, and also includes, by extension, the nucleic acid sequence encoding a fragment of said functionally equivalent SRC protein.
- MAPKAPK3 gene refers to the gene or nucleic acid sequence encoding the MAPKAPK3 protein, as defined herein, and also includes, by extension, the nucleic acid sequence encoding a functionally equivalent MAPKAPK3 protein fragment.
- FGFR4 gene refers to the gene or nucleic acid sequence encoding the FGFR4 protein, as defined herein, and also includes, by extension, the nucleic acid sequence encoding a fragment of said functionally FGFR4 protein equivalent.
- STK4 gene refers to the gene or nucleic acid sequence encoding the STK4 protein, as defined herein, and also includes, by extension, the nucleic acid sequence encoding a fragment of said functionally STK4 protein. equivalent.
- ACVR2B 'gene ⁇ refers to the gene or nucleic acid sequence encoding the ACVR2B protein, as defined herein, and also includes, by extension, the nucleic acid sequence encoding a fragment of said functionally equivalent ACVR2B protein.
- identity refers to the proportion of identical amino acids between 2 amino acid sequences that are compared.
- the degree of identity (usually expressed as a percentage (%) of identity) between 2 amino acid sequences can be easily identified by one skilled in the art, for example, with the help of an appropriate computer program to compare sequences; by way of illustration, not limitation, the degree of identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined by conventional methods, for example, by computer methods and algorithms known to those skilled in the art; By way of illustration, the degree of identity between 2 amino acid sequences can be determined by using the BLAST algorithm (BLAST Manual, Altschul et al.,
- immunoensavo refers to any analytical technique based on a conjugation reaction between an antigen, for example, a protein or an appropriate fragment thereof, and an antibody that recognizes said antigen.
- said protein may be a protein selected from the group of proteins formed by the proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B or by the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3.
- fragments of said proteins may be used , that is, fragments of proteins that can be recognized by antibodies that recognize the proteins in question; by way of illustration, said protein fragments can be fragments of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B proteins, or of the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3, which can be recognized by the autoantibodies that recognize said proteins .
- marker refers to an indicator reagent that allows an antigen-antibody type complex to be detected, such as an enzyme that catalyzes a detectable reaction, a compound that generates a signal when it is part of said complex, etc.
- said marker can be an enzyme (eg, peroxidase, glycosidase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ⁇ -galactosidase, ⁇ -glucosidase, ⁇ -glucuronidase, etc.), a fluorescent compound or fluorophore (eg, fluorescein, rhodamine, etc.), a luminescent compound (chemo) (eg, dioxetans, acridiniums, phenanthridines, ruthenium, luminol, etc.), a radioactive element (sulfur, iodine, etc.), etc.
- said marker is a peroxidase.
- the selection of a particular marker is not critical, as long as it is capable of producing a signal by itself or in conjunction with one or more additional substances.
- tumor refers to the process by which a tumor, in this case CCR, extends to tissues of the organism other than the primary site of origin of the tumor.
- biological sample refers to, but is not limited to, tissues and / or biological fluids of a subject, obtained by any method known to a person skilled in the art that serves to carry out any of the methods provided by the present invention; that is, said biological sample must be a sample capable of containing antibodies, eg, autoantibodies against Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B proteins as well as against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3, or capable of containing the expression products (RNA or proteins) of the genes encoding the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3 proteins, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B.
- said biological sample may be a sample of blood, urine, saliva, serum, plasma, a buccal or pharyngeal smear, a surgical specimen, a specimen obtained from a biopsy or autopsy, etc.
- level refers, in general, to a quantifiable, semi-quantifiable, or relative amount of a product, for example, autoantibodies, gene expression products, etc., as well as any another value or parameter related to said expression product or that may be derived from it.
- Said values or parameters comprise values of signal strength obtained from any of the physical or chemical properties of the product in question.
- the levels of a product can be based on quantitative and / or semi-quantitative analyzes; By way of illustration, quantitative methods can be used to determine a relative or absolute quantity of a particular product in the biological sample tested, and semi-quantitative methods can be used to establish the level of said specific product above a baseline value without the need for assign an absolute or relative numerical value.
- the "level of an autoantibody” against a protein refers , but is not limited, to the quantifiable, semi-quantifiable, or relative amount of autoantibodies to said proteins (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, and proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3), as well as to any other value or parameter related to said autoantibodies or that may be derived from them.
- Said values or parameters comprise values of signal intensity obtained from any of the physical or chemical properties of the autoantibodies against said proteins (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, and proteins mentioned in the Tables 2 and 3) obtained either by direct measurement, eg, intensity values of mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., or by indirect measurement, eg, by any of the measurement systems described herein, for example, by the measurement obtained from a secondary component (eg, a component other than autoantibodies) or a biological measurement system (eg, the measurement of cellular responses, ligands, "tags” or enzymatic reaction products).
- a secondary component eg, a component other than autoantibodies
- a biological measurement system eg, the measurement of cellular responses, ligands, "tags” or enzymatic reaction products.
- the determination of the level of an autoantibody against a protein can be performed using any available method known to the person skilled in the art, for example, by an immunoassay.
- the level of an autoantibody against a protein eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, or against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3
- a protein eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, or against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3
- the level of said autoantibody in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more, with respect to the reference level of said autoantibody.
- the level of an autoantibody against a protein eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, or against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3
- the level of said autoantibody in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 5 times, 10 times , 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times, or even more, lower than the reference level of said autoantibody.
- the "level of expression of an expression product" of a gene or, in other words, amount of expression product of a gene, as used herein, refers to, but not is limited to the quantifiable, semi-quantifiable, or relative amount of an expression product of a particular gene (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B), as well as any other value or parameter related to said product of expression or that may be derived from it.
- a particular gene eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B
- Said values or parameters comprise values of signal intensity obtained from any of the physical or chemical properties of the expression product of said gene (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B) obtained either by direct measurement, or by indirect measure.
- the expression level of a gene expression product eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B
- the expression level of an expression product of a gene (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B), determined in a biological sample from the subject under study is said to be "greater” than the reference level of said expression product of said gene when, according to the invention, the level of said expression product of said gene in the biological sample of the subject It is at least 1.5 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more, with respect to the reference level of said expression product of said gene.
- a gene eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B
- the expression level of an expression product of a gene (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2E), determined in a biological sample from the subject under study is said to be "less" than the reference level of said expression product of said gene when, according to the invention, the level of said expression product in said biological sample of the subject is at least 1.5 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times , 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times, or even more, lower than the reference level for said expression product of said gene.
- a gene eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2E
- reference level refers, in general, to the level of a product, for example, autoantibodies against proteins (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, as well as against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3), gene expression products (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B, etc.), etc., present in control subjects.
- autoantibodies against proteins eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, as well as against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3
- gene expression products eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B, etc.
- said control subjects are subjects that do not suffer from a certain disease (eg, CRC), while in another particular embodiment, said control subject is the subject under study itself, which is particularly useful for assessing the follow-up of a disease (eg, CCR) or to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment against said disease (eg, CCR), etc., for which the reference level of a given product may be the level of said product determined in a sample of the same subject under study but taken a few days, weeks, months or even years before in order to evaluate the follow-up of the disease, or taken one before, for example, the application to the subject of a treatment against said disease with the In order to evaluate its effectiveness.
- a disease eg, CCR
- CCR efficacy of a treatment against said disease
- the reference level of a given product may be the level of said product determined in a sample of the same subject under study but taken a few days, weeks, months or even years before in order to evaluate the follow-up of the disease, or taken one before, for example, the
- the reference level could be obtained from a set of samples from a population of healthy subjects (eg, subjects not suffering from CRC) and calculating the average level of the product in question (autoantibody or expression product of a gene) in said population of healthy subjects.
- the reference level of a given product for example, autoantibodies against proteins (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, ACVR2B, as well as against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3), expression products of genes (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B, etc.), etc.
- a reference sample that can be analyzed, for example, simultaneously or consecutively, together with the sample biological of the subject under study (sample problem).
- the reference level can be derived from the normal distribution limits of a physiological amount found in a population of control subjects. Said physiological amount can be determined by several well known techniques, depending on the nature of the product in question (autoantibody, expression product of a gene, etc.), as described in this description.
- Said reference level allows discriminating the presence of CRC and, therefore, can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of the evolution of a CRC.
- prediction refers to, but is not limited to, the probability that a patient, such as a patient suffering from CRC, responds favorably or unfavorably to a certain treatment, and to the extent of such responses, or that the patient survives, after the surgical removal of a primary tumor and / or chemotherapy for a period of time without recurrence of CRC.
- expression product of a gene refers to the product resulting from transcription (RNA) or expression (protein) of said gene or sequence of nucleic acid, as well as any form resulting from the processing of the product resulting from the transcription or expression of said gene or nucleic acid sequence.
- prognosis refers, in general, to the set of data that medical science possesses about the likelihood of certain situations occurring over the course of time or natural history of a disease; that is, it is the prediction of the events that will occur in the development of a disease in statistical terms.
- CCR forecast refers to the set of data that allows assigning a probability of certain situations occurring during the course of the CCR.
- the present invention includes the ability to assign a probability of certain situations occurring in the course of RCC disease, when a sample classification method is applied based well on the comparison of the level of autoantibodies against at least one of the proteins selected from the group consisting of the proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, or against all or part of the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 and 3, with the level of reference for said autoantibodies, or in comparing the level of at least one expression product of a gene selected from the group consisting of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, with the reference level for said gene expression product.
- the p-value is less than 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005 or 0.0001.
- prognosis refers to the probability of death due to CRC or progression of CRC, including recurrence or metastatic dissemination capacity, as well as the prediction of response to a certain treatment of the CCR.
- the evolution of the disease can be continued using any assessment criteria used in the field of cancer and known to the person skilled in the art. Valuation parameters useful for describing the evolution of a disease include, without limitation: disease-free evolution, which, as used herein, describes the proportion of patients in complete remission who have not had relapse of the disease during the time period under study;
- TTP evolution time
- DSF disease-free survival
- PFS6 - 6 month evolution without survival
- MS median survival
- SLRD free relapse-free survival
- OS overall survival
- Piml protein includes the Piml protein of a subject, preferably, of a human being, and variants thereof; In a particular embodiment, said Piml protein is the protein whose accession number is NP 002639 and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- SRC protein includes the SRC protein of a subject, preferably, of a human being, and variants thereof; in one embodiment
- said SRC protein is the protein whose accession number is NP 005408 and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- MAPKAPK3 protein includes the MAPKAPK3 protein of a subject, preferably, of a human being, and variants thereof;
- said SRC protein is the protein whose accession number is NP 004626 and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- FGFR4 protein includes the FGFR4 protein of a subject, preferably, of a human being, and variants thereof; In a particular embodiment, said FGFR4 protein is the protein whose accession number is NP 002002 and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- STK4 protein includes the STK4 protein of a subject, preferably, of a human being, and variants thereof; In a particular embodiment, said STK4 protein is the protein whose accession number is NP_006273 and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- ACVR2B pro teine includes protein
- ACVR2B of a subject preferably, of a human being, and variants thereof;
- said ACVR2B protein is the protein whose accession number is NP OO 1097 and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- volution monitoring refers to the supervision of the development of a disease, for example, but not limited to, the evaluation of the response to a certain treatment against said disease (eg, CCR) or the detection of recurrence or dissemination of the CCR.
- subject refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, and, more preferably, a human being.
- CRC patients subjects suffering from CRC are sometimes referred to in this description as “CRC patients” or by a similar expression.
- a protein is "substantially homologous" to a given protein when its amino acid sequence has a good alignment with the amino acid sequence of said particular protein, for example, when its degree of identity with respect to said particular protein is at least one 50%, typically at least 70%, advantageously at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably of at least 90%, even more preferably of at least 95%, and still more preferably of at least 99%.
- a protein is substantially homologous to the Piml protein when its amino acid sequence has a degree of identity with respect to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, of at least , 50%, typically of at least 70%, advantageously of at least 80%, preferably of at least 85%, more preferably of at least 90%, even more preferably of, at least 95%, and, still more preferably, at least 99%.
- the proteins substantially homologous to the SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B proteins can be defined in the same way but replacing the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 with the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6, respectively.
- variant refers to a protein substantially homologous to another protein, for example, the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B protein.
- a variant includes additions, deletions or substitutions of amino acids.
- the term variant also includes proteins resulting from post-translational modifications such as, for example, but not limited to glycosylation, phosphorylation or methylation. Said variants, according to the present invention, are recognized by autoantibodies against the protein in question.
- the invention relates to a method for the detection of an autoantibody against a protein, hereinafter "method of detecting autoantibodies of the invention", which comprises
- the biological sample will be a sample capable of containing antibodies, from a subject, and can be obtained by conventional methods, known to those skilled in the art, depending on the nature of the sample.
- said biological sample is a blood, serum or plasma sample, which can be obtained by any conventional method, for example, by a blood draw, etc.
- Blood is normally the optimal biological fluid to be used in non-invasive methods for mass screening for diagnostic purposes of large populations of subjects.
- serum and plasma are easy to obtain, and, on the other hand, blood circulation facilitates blood contact with all tissues of the human body, including in the case of cancer patients contact with tumor tissue and its representative antigens.
- the autoantibody detection method of the invention in general, can be performed by an immunoassay;
- immunoassays known in the state of the art include immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), linear immunoassay (LIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IHQ), protein microarrays, etc.
- step a) of the autoantibody detection method of the invention a biological sample is contacted in which it is desired to analyze the presence of autoantibodies against Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B proteins, with said proteins or with fragments thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibodies, under conditions that allow the formation of an autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody. If the biological sample contains autoantibodies against said proteins, then said autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody will be formed; otherwise, said complex will not be formed. Suitable conditions for the formation of the autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody are known to those skilled in the art.
- said proteins could be together in the same medium, in practice, it is advantageous that said Proteins are separated from each other.
- Said proteins may be in solution or suspension in an appropriate medium, or, alternatively, they may be deposited or supported on a support (eg, a microtiter plate, beads (magnetic or non-magnetic), columns, matrices, membranes, etc.
- these Materials can be used in convenient forms, such as films, sheets, plates, etc., or can be used to coat inert carriers (eg, paper, glass, plastic films, etc.)
- said biological sample it is contacted with said proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B, or with fragments thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibodies, separated from each other, and deposited on a suitable support.
- the autoantibodies against said proteins are identified independently, while, in another particular embodiment, the autoantibodies against said proteins are identified simultaneously.
- the biological sample to be studied is contacted with a single protein selected from the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B proteins, or with a fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody, with in order to identify autoantibodies against said protein.
- said biological sample is contacted with two or more of said Piml proteins, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, or fragments thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibodies, separated from each other, optionally deposited. on a suitable support, in order to identify autoantibodies against said proteins.
- Step b) of the autoantibody detection method of the invention comprises detecting the formation of an autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody.
- This step can be carried out by conventional methods, known to those skilled in the art, for the detection of the formation of antibody-antigen complexes (in this case, autoantibody-protein or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody ).
- a conjugate comprising an antibody that recognizes the autoantibody and a label (labeled secondary antibody) can be added under conditions that allow the formation of a complex (autoantibody -protein or fragment thereof liable to be recognized by said autoantibody) -antibody / marker and detect the formation of said complex.
- the autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said protein autoantibody whereby, when said complex is contacted with said conjugate comprising the antibody and the label, under suitable conditions, the complex is formed (autoantibody-protein or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody ) - antibody / label, which will be visualized by the appropriate technique depending on the marker used, as mentioned below; whereas, otherwise, that is, when the biological sample does not contain autoantibodies against said protein (s) then said complex (autoantibody protein or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody) will not be formed.
- -antibody / marker The suitable conditions for the formation of the latter complex to take place are known to those skilled in the art.
- any indicator reagent that allows detecting said complex (autoantibody-protein or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody) -antibody / label can be used in the practice of the present invention; by way of illustration, not limitation, said marker can be an enzyme that catalyzes a detectable reaction (eg, peroxidase, glycosidase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ⁇ -galactosidase, ⁇ -glucosidase, ⁇ -glucuronidase, etc.) , a compound that generates a signal when it is part of said complex (eg, a fluorescent or fluorophore compound, such as fluorescein, rhodamine, etc .; a luminescent compound (chemo), such as a dioxetane, an acridinium, a phenanthridium, ruthenium , luminol, etc.), etc., a radioactive
- said marker is a peroxidase.
- the selection of a particular marker is not critical, as long as it is capable of producing a signal by itself or in conjunction with one or more additional substances.
- the complex (autoantibody-protein or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody) - antibody / marker formed can be detected or visualized by any appropriate technique, depending on the chosen marker, known to those skilled in the art. , using the appropriate devices, for example, by techniques based on colorimetric, fluorimetric, luminescent (chemo), radioactive, etc. methods, all known to those skilled in the art.
- the conjugate comprising said antibody that recognizes said autoantibody and said label can be obtained by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the detection of the complex in question can be carried out by contacting said complex with an appropriate substrate and, optionally, with the appropriate enzymatic activators and / or amplifying agents.
- suitable substrates include:
- Chromogenic substrates based on p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP), 5-bromo-4- chloro-3-indolyl phosphate / nitroblue tetrazolium (BCIP / NPT), etc.
- DMAB 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinhydrazone
- AEC 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole
- DAB 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride
- Fluorogenic 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid, reduced phenoxazines and reduced benzothiazines, including the Amplex ® Red reagent, Amplex UltraRed, reduced dihydroxanthenes, etc.
- Chromogenic substrates based on o-nitrophenyl- ⁇ -D-galactoside (o-NPG), p-nitrophenyl- ⁇ -D-galactoside and 4-methylumbelliphenyl- ⁇ -D-galactoside (MUG) for ⁇ -D-galactosidase, etc. .
- Fluorogenic resorufin ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside, fluorescein digalactoside (FD G), fluoro s ce ⁇ n dig lucuró nest, 4-methylumbeliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, carboxymbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, coumarine beta-D-galactios, etc.
- said marker is a peroxidase, such as a peroxidase and the chromogenic substrate is TMB.
- the method of detection of autoantibodies of the invention it is possible to detect and obtain an autoantibody selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against to MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, and combinations of said autoantibodies.
- the autoantibodies identified by the autoantibody detection method of the invention are specific, that is, they recognize the protein in question (or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody) with a preference over others. proteins or fragments 2 or more times, more than 3 times, more than 10 times, more than 20 times, more than 100 times, or even more times.
- the autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof can be isolated that can be recognized by said autoantibody formed, for example, by using immunoprecipitation techniques, etc., and subsequently sequencing the sequence of the autoantibody responsible for binding to the protein or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody, using standard proteomics methods described in the art, such as the determination of the peptide fingerprint or the MS / MS analysis (Vikas Dhingraa, et al. 2005. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 299 (1-2): pp. 1-18 .; Hanash SM et al. Nature. 2008 Apr 3; 452 (7187): 571-
- the method for the detection of autoantibodies of the invention can also be used to determine the level or quantity (quantify) of autoantibodies against said proteins (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B) present in the low biological sample I study because, with many markers, eg enzymes, the amount of autoantibody present in the biological sample is proportional to the signal generated.
- the detection of the autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody is indicative of the presence of specific autoantibodies against said protein (s) in the biological sample and, in addition, if desired, it can quantify the amount of autoantibodies against said proteins present in said biological sample.
- Said information within the context of the present invention, can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of the evolution of diseases, in particular, colorectal cancer (CRC), in a subject.
- CRC colorectal cancer
- the invention relates to a method of obtaining data in a biological sample of a subject, hereinafter "method of obtaining data 1 of the invention", which comprises detecting at least one autoantibody against a protein , wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein , and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, and, if desired, determine the level of said autoantibody in said biological sample.
- method of obtaining data 1 of the invention which comprises detecting at least one autoantibody against a protein , wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein
- the detection of said autoantibodies can be carried out by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art;
- the detection of said autoantibodies is carried out by an immunoassay (eg, immunoblot, ELISA, LIA, RIA, IF, IHQ, protein microarrays, etc.), such as a suitable immunoassay to detect and identify said autoantibodies to Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B proteins, for example, as described in relation to the autoantibody detection method of the invention.
- said immunoassay is a protein microarray or an ELISA.
- a protein microarray consists of a collection of proteins immobilized on a solid support in a regular and preset arrangement. There are several important factors to consider in the design of protein microarrays, among which they find, for example, the nature of the support on which to immobilize the proteins (or appropriate fragments thereof), the protein immobilization technique, the microarray format, the capture agent employed or the detection method to be used. Different formats, supports and techniques that can be used for the realization of this inventive aspect are known in the state of the art.
- the detection of autoantibodies against Piml, SRC, MAPKAP K3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B, by means of protein microarrays comprises the following steps: (a) coating a solid support with one or more proteins, preferably separated from each other, selected from the group formed by the proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, or with fragments thereof capable of being recognized by the autoantibodies against the corresponding proteins; (b) incubating the coated support of step (a) with a biological sample from a subject under conditions that allow the formation of an autocomplex of the autoantibody against the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B protein present in said sample with the corresponding antigenic determinants present in said proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B, or in their fragments capable of being recognized by said autoantibodies; and
- the ELISA is based on the premise that an immunoreactive (biological sample antigen or antibody) can be immobilized on a solid support, then bringing that system into contact with a fluid phase containing the complementary reagent that can bind to a marker compound .
- immunoreactive biological sample antigen or antibody
- MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B is carried out by means of an ELISA, preferably, by means of an indirect ELISA, which comprises the following steps: (a) coating a solid support with one or more proteins, preferably separated from each other, selected from the group formed by the proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, or with fragments thereof capable of being recognized by the autoantibodies against the corresponding proteins; (b) incubate the coated support of the step (a) with a biological sample from a subject under conditions that allow the formation of an autoantibody immunocomplex against the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B protein present in said biological sample with the corresponding antigenic determinants present in said Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B proteins, or in their fragments capable of being recognized by said autoantibodies; and (c) add
- Said marker is a compound capable of giving rise to a chromogenic, fluorogenic, radioactive and / or chemiluminescent signal that allows the detection, identification and, optionally, quantification of the amount of the autoantibody against the Piml protein. , SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B. present in the analyzed sample.
- said marker compound is selected from the group consisting of radioisotopes, enzymes, fluorophores or any molecule capable of being conjugated with another molecule or detected and / or quantified directly. This marker compound can bind to the autoantibody directly, or through another compound.
- Illustrative, non-limiting examples of said marker compounds that bind directly to the autoantibody include enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, etc., radioactive isotopes, such as 32 P, 35 S, etc., fluorochromes, such as fluorescein, etc., or metal particles, for direct detection by colorimetry, autoradiography, fluorimetry, or metallography, respectively.
- enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, etc.
- radioactive isotopes such as 32 P, 35 S, etc.
- fluorochromes such as fluorescein, etc.
- metal particles for direct detection by colorimetry, autoradiography, fluorimetry, or metallography, respectively.
- the method of obtaining data 1 of the invention comprises, in addition to detecting at least one autoantibody selected from the group of autoantibodies formed by autoantibodies against the Piml protein, a autoantibody against the SRC protein, a autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, the step of determining the level or amount (quantify) of said autoantibody in said low biological sample I study because, with many markers, eg enzymes, the amount of autoantibody present in the biological sample is proportional to the signal generated.
- the signal obtained using the Different methods described above to detect autoantibodies can be analyzed and quantified by conventional methods that allow quantification of said signal.
- the method for the detection of autoantibodies of the invention can also be used to determine the amount (quantify) of autoantibodies against said proteins (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B) present in the biological sample under study. that, with many markers, eg enzymes, the amount of autoantibody present in the biological sample is proportional to the signal generated.
- the detection of the autoantibody-protein complex or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by said autoantibody is indicative of the presence of specific autoantibodies against said protein (s) in the biological sample and, in addition, if desired, it can quantify the amount of autoantibodies against said proteins present in said biological sample.
- Said information can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of the evolution of diseases, in particular, colorectal cancer (CRC), in a subject.
- the level of autoantibodies to the Piml protein is detected and, optionally, quantified; In another particular embodiment, the level of autoantibodies against the Piml protein is detected and, optionally, and, in addition, the level of autoantibodies against one or more of the following SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or proteins. ACVR2B, according to the previously mentioned combinations. Additionally, if desired, it is possible to detect and, optionally, determine the level of autoantibodies against other proteins, for example, against proteins potentially useful in the diagnosis of CRC, such as CEA, etc.
- the level of autoantibodies to the SRC protein is detected and, optionally, quantified; in another particular embodiment, it is detected and, optionally, the level of autoantibodies against the SRC protein is quantified, and, in addition, the level of autoantibodies against one or more of the following Piml proteins, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B, according to the aforementioned combinations. Additionally, if desired, it is possible to detect and, optionally, determine the level of autoantibodies against other proteins, for example, against proteins potentially useful in the diagnosis of CRC, such as CEA, etc.
- the level of autoantibodies to the MAPKAPK3 protein is detected and, optionally, quantified; In another particular embodiment, the level of autoantibodies against the MAPKAPK3 protein is detected and, optionally, and, in addition, the level of autoantibodies against one or more of the following Piml, SRC, FGFR4, STK4 and / or proteins ACVR2B, according to the previously mentioned combinations. Additionally, if desired, it is possible to detect and, optionally, determine the level of autoantibodies against other proteins, for example, against proteins potentially useful in the diagnosis of CRC, such as CEA, etc.
- the level of autoantibodies against the FGFR4 protein is detected and optionally; In another particular embodiment, the level of autoantibodies against the FGFR4 protein is detected and, optionally, and, in addition, the level of autoantibodies against one or more of the following Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, STK4 and / or proteins ACVR2B, according to the previously mentioned combinations. Additionally, if desired, it is possible to detect and, optionally, determine the level of autoantibodies against other proteins, for example, against proteins potentially useful in the diagnosis of CRC, such as CEA, etc.
- the level of autoantibodies against the STK4 protein is detected and optionally; In another particular embodiment, the level of autoantibodies against the STK4 protein is detected and, optionally, and, in addition, the level of autoantibodies against one or more of the following Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, and / or ACVR2B, according to the previously mentioned combinations. Additionally, if desired, it is possible to detect and, optionally, determine the level of autoantibodies against other proteins, for example, against proteins potentially useful in the diagnosis of CRC, such as CEA, etc.
- the level of autoantibodies to the ACVR2B protein is detected and, optionally, quantified; In another particular embodiment, the level of autoantibodies against the ACVR2B protein is detected and, optionally, and, in addition, the level of autoantibodies against one or more of the following Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4 and / or proteins STK4, according to the previously mentioned combinations. Additionally, if desired, it is possible to detect and, optionally, determine the level of autoantibodies against other proteins, for example, against proteins potentially useful in the diagnosis of CRC, such as CEA, etc.
- the level of autoantibodies against Piml protein, the level of autoantibodies against protein is detected and optionally quantified.
- MAPKAPK3 or the level of autoantibodies against the ACVR2B protein preferably, the level of autoantibodies against the MAPKAPK3 protein or the level of autoantibodies against the ACVR2B protein.
- the level of autoantibodies against the MAPKAPK3 protein and the level of autoantibodies against the ACVR2B protein is detected and, optionally, and, optionally, the level of autoantibodies against the FGFR4 protein.
- the level of autoantibodies against Piml protein, the level of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3 protein and the level of autoantibodies against ACVR2B protein, and, optionally, the level of autoantibodies against the FGFR4 protein are provided.
- the data obtained in accordance with the method of obtaining data 1 of the invention related to the detection and, optionally, quantification of autoantibodies against one or more of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B proteins, within the context of the present invention, they can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of disease progression, in particular, colorectal cancer (CRC), in a subject.
- CRC colorectal cancer
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of obtaining data in a biological sample of a subject, hereinafter "method of obtaining data 2 of the invention", which comprises detecting at least one product of expression of a gene, wherein said gene is selected from the group formed by the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, and, if desired, quantify the level of expression of said expression product of said gene in said biological sample.
- the biological sample used for the implementation of the method of obtaining data 2 of the invention is a biological sample comprising tumor cells, preferably, CCR tumor cells.
- said biological sample comprising tumor cells may be a sample of a biological fluid or, preferably, a sample of a tissue, e.g., a tumor biopsy, a fine needle aspirate, etc.
- the biological sample can be, for example, but not limited to, fresh, frozen, fixed or embedded in paraffin.
- said biological sample is a tumor biopsy comprising CRC tumor cells from a patient suffering from CRC or a biopsy of colon or rectum tissue from a subject under study in order, for example, to assess whether suffer or not CCR.
- the detection of the expression product of a particular gene is carried out by analyzing the level of mRNA derived from its transcription; in this case, the mRNA level analysis can be performed, by way of illustration, not limitation, by an enzymatic amplification process, for example, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), back transcription in combination with the reaction in polymerase chain (RT- PCR), retrotranscription in combination with the ligase chain reaction (RT-LCR), or any other nucleic acid amplification method; DNA microarrays made with oligonucleotides deposited by any mechanism; DNA microarrays made with oligonucleotides synthesized in situ by photolithography or by any other mechanism; in situ hybridization using specific probes labeled with any method of marking; by electrophoresis gels; by membrane transfer and hybridization with a specific probe; by nuclear magnetic resonance or any
- this method of obtaining data 2 of the invention may include performing an extraction step in order to obtain the total RNA, which can be performed by conventional techniques (Chomczynski et al., Anal. Biochem., 1987, 162: 156; Chomczynski P., Biotechniques, 1993, 15: 532). Additional information on methods for detecting and quantifying the expression levels of a gene expression product can be found, for example, in Sambrook et al., 2001 "Molecular cloning: a Laboratory Manual", 3rd ed., CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY, VoI. 1-3.
- the quantification of the expression levels of the genes identified above is carried out by means of a quantitative multiplex PCR or by an array of DNA or RNA.
- the detection, and, optionally, quantification of the expression level of said expression product of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B genes in the sample to be analyzed is performed by analyzing the level of Piml proteins , SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, or fragments thereof; in this case, the analysis of the level of said proteins can be performed, by way of illustration, not limitation, by an immunoassay, by nuclear magnetic resonance or by any other appropriate technique known in the state of the art.
- the determination of the amount of Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B proteins, or their fragments is performed by an immunoassay.
- said immunoassay is an immunoblot (Western blot or membrane immunodetection). To do this, briefly, a protein extract is obtained from an isolated biological sample of a subject and the proteins are separated by electro foresis in a support medium capable of retaining them.
- the proteins are transferred to a different support or membrane where they can be detected through the use of specific antibodies that recognize the proteins in question (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B) or functionally equivalent fragments from the same.
- Said membrane is hybridized with a first specific antibody (or primary antibody) that recognizes the protein in question (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B) or a functionally equivalent fragment thereof.
- the membrane is then hybridized with a second antibody (or secondary antibody) capable of specifically recognizing the primary antibody and which is conjugated or bound with a marker compound.
- it is the antibody that recognizes the protein Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B, or the functionally equivalent fragment thereof, which is conjugated or bound to a marker compound, and it is not necessary to use of a secondary antibody.
- Different formats, supports and techniques are known that can be used for the realization of this preferred aspect of the method of obtaining data 2 of the invention.
- the immunoassay comprises an immunohistochemical assay.
- Immunohistochemical techniques allow the identification, on tissue or cytological samples, of characteristic antigenic determinants.
- the analysis by immunohistochemistry (IHQ) is performed on tissue cuts, either frozen or included in paraffin, from an isolated biological sample of a subject.
- tissue cuts either frozen or included in paraffin, from an isolated biological sample of a subject.
- IHQ immunohistochemistry
- These sections hybridize with a specific antibody or primary antibody that recognizes specific antibodies that recognize the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B proteins, or functionally equivalent fragments thereof.
- the sections are then hybridized with a secondary antibody capable of specifically recognizing the primary antibody and which is conjugated or bound with a marker compound.
- it is the antibody that recognizes the protein Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B, or the functionally equivalent fragment of the same as that which is conjugated or bound to a marker compound, and the use of a secondary antibody is not necessary.
- the expression level of a single gene expression product selected from the group of genes formed by Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B is detected and, optionally.
- the level of an expression product of two or more genes of the group formed by the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B is quantified and, optionally.
- expression products of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of said genes can be detected and, if you wish to quantify.
- the level of a Piml gene expression product, the level of a gene expression product is quantified and optionally quantified.
- MAPKAPKS or the level of an ACVR2B gene expression product preferably, the level of an MAPKAPKS gene expression product or the level of an ACVR2B gene expression product.
- the level of an expression product of the MAPKAPKS gene and the level of an expression product of the ACVR2B gene, and, optionally, the level of an expression product of the FGFR4 gene is detected and optionally quantified.
- the level of an expression product of the Piml gene, the level of an expression product of the MAPKAPKS gene and the level of an expression product of the ACVR2B gene, and, optionally, is quantified and optionally level of an expression product of the FGFR4 gene.
- the data obtained in accordance with the method of obtaining data 2 of the invention related to the detection and, optionally, quantification of expression products of one or more of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 and / or ACVR2B , within the context of the present invention, they can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of disease progression, in particular, colorectal cancer (CRC), in a subject.
- CRC colorectal cancer
- the invention relates to a method for diagnosing whether a subject suffers from colorectal cancer (CRC), hereinafter "diagnostic method 1 of the ", which comprises comparing the level of at least one autoantibody to a protein, wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against to the MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, in a biological sample of said subject, with the reference level for said autoantibody, where yes the level of said autoantibody against Piml protein, or said autoantibody against SRC protein, or said autoantibody against MAPKAPK3 protein, or said autoantibody against FGFR4 protein, or said autoantibody against STK4 protein , in said sample, is greater than the corresponding reference level for said autoantibodies, and / or if the level
- the diagnostic method 1 of the invention comprises, previously, determining the level of at least one autoantibody against a protein, wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of a autoantibody against the Piml protein, a autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAP KAP K3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, in a biological sample of the subject in question.
- said biological sample is a blood, plasma or serum sample of said subject.
- the level of said autoantibodies can be determined as previously indicated in relation to the autoantibody detection method of the invention or with the method of obtaining data 1 of the invention.
- the diagnostic method 1 of the invention comprises comparing the level of said autoantibody (or autoantibodies) with the reference level for said autoantibody (or with the reference levels for the autoantibodies in question), where if the level of said autoantibody against the Piml protein, or said autoantibody against the SRC protein , or of said autoantibody against MAPKAPK3 protein, or of said autoantibody against FGFR4 protein, or of said autoantibody against protein STK4, in said sample, is greater than the corresponding reference level for said autoantibodies, and / or if the level of the autoantibody against ACVR2B in said sample is lower than the reference level for said autoantibody, then said subject is diagnosed with CRC .
- said reference level is the level or amount of autoantibodies against said proteins (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, and ACVR2B) in a control sample, such as, for example, a sample of blood, serum or plasma, from a population of control subjects (that is, not suffering from CRC).
- a control sample such as, for example, a sample of blood, serum or plasma, from a population of control subjects (that is, not suffering from CRC).
- the level of an autoantibody against a protein in the biological sample of the subject under study is considered to be "higher” than the reference level of said autoantibody when the The level of said autoantibody in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more, the reference level of said autoantibody.
- the level of an autoantibody against a protein in the biological sample of the subject under study will be considered “lower” than the reference level of said autoantibody when the level of said autoantibody in the
- the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times, or even more , lower than the reference level of said autoantibody.
- the level of autoantibodies against a single protein is quantified, for example, against the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B protein in the sample of the subject to be analyzed and compared with the reference level of autoantibodies against said protein.
- the level of autoantibodies against two or more proteins of the group formed by the proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B in the sample of the subject to be analyzed is quantified and the levels obtained are compared with the levels of reference of the autoantibodies against the corresponding proteins.
- autoantibodies can be quantified against 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 proteins selected from the group consisting of Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, as mentioned in the List of Combinations mentioned above.
- the level of autoantibodies against Piml protein, the level of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3 protein or the level of autoantibodies against ACVR2B protein is preferably quantified and compared with its reference level, preferably, the level of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3 protein or the level of autoantibodies against ACVR2B protein.
- the level of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3 protein and the level of autoantibodies against ACVR2B protein, and, optionally, the level of autoantibodies against FGFR4 protein is quantified and compared with its reference level.
- the level of autoantibodies against Piml protein, the level of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3 protein and the level of autoantibodies against ACVR2B protein, and, optionally, the level is quantified and compared with its reference level of autoantibodies against the FGFR4 protein.
- the diagnostic method 1 of the invention makes it possible to diagnose if a subject suffers CRC with a high degree of reliability since it allows to correctly detect said disease (CRC) in at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the subjects of a certain group or population analyzed.
- Said method can be used at any stage of the CCR.
- the subject is a patient suffering from CRC in early stages, such as stages 0, 1 and II.
- the invention relates to a method for diagnosing whether a subject suffers from colorectal cancer (CRC), hereinafter “diagnostic method 2 of the invention", which comprises comparing the level of expression of at least one product of expression of a gene, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, in a sample of said subject, with the reference level for said expression product of said gene, wherein if the level of said expression product of the Piml gene, or of said expression product of gene 57?
- diagnosis method 2 of the invention comprises comparing the level of expression of at least one product of expression of a gene, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, in a sample of said subject, with the reference level for said expression product of said gene, wherein if the level of said expression product of the Piml gene, or of said expression product
- the diagnostic method 2 of the invention comprises, previously, determining the expression level of at least one expression product (eg, RNA or protein) of a gene selected from the group consisting of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4 genes , STK4 and ACVR2B, in a biological sample of the subject in question.
- said biological sample is a sample of colon or rectum tissue, or of tumor tissue (if any), blood, plasma or serum of said subject.
- the level of said expression product can be determined, depending on its nature (RNA or protein) as previously indicated in relation to the method of obtaining data 2 of the invention.
- the diagnostic method 2 of the invention comprises comparing the level of said expression product (or expression products) with the reference level for said expression product (or with the reference levels for the expression products in question), where the level of said expression product of the Piml gene, or of said expression product of the SRC gene, or of said expression product of the MAPKAPKS gene, or of said expression product of the FGFR4 gene, or of said expression product of the STK4 gene, is greater than the corresponding reference level for said products of expression of said genes and / or if the level of the ACVR2B gene expression product is lower than the reference level for said expression product of said gene, then said subject is diagnosed of CCR
- said reference level is the level or amount of expression product of said gene (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4, and ACVR2B) in a biological sample, preferably of colon, of a population of control subjects (that is, subjects that do not suffer from CRC).
- the level of an expression product of a gene in the sample of the subject under study is considered to be "greater" than the reference level of said expression product when the ratio between the level of the expression product of the gene in question determined in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more, the reference level of said expression product of said gene.
- the level of an expression product of a gene (eg, ACVR2B) in the biological sample of the subject under study shall be considered to be "lower” than the reference level of said expression product of said gene when the level of said autoantibody in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times, or even more, lower than the reference level of said expression product of said gene.
- only the expression level of a single gene expression product (eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2E) in the sample of the subject to be analyzed is quantified and compared with the level of reference of said expression product of said gene.
- a single gene expression product eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2E
- the expression levels of expression products of two or more genes of the group formed by the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B in the sample of the subject to be analyzed are quantified and the levels obtained are compared with the corresponding reference levels of said expression products of the genes in question.
- expression products of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 genes selected from the group consisting of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKd ,, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B can be quantified, such as, for example, expression products of:
- the level of an expression product of the Piml gene, the level of an expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene or the level of an expression product of the ACVR2B gene is preferably quantified and compared with its reference level, preferably, level of an expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene or the level of an expression product of the A CVR2B gene.
- the level of an expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene and the level of an expression product of the ACVR2B gene, and, optionally the level of an expression product of the FGFR4 gene is quantified and compared with its reference level.
- the level of an expression product of the Piml gene, the level of an expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene and the level of an expression product of the A gene CVR2B, and, are quantified and compared with its reference level; optionally the level of an expression product of the FGFR4 gene.
- the diagnostic method 2 of the invention makes it possible to diagnose if a subject suffers CRC with a high degree of reliability since it allows to correctly detect said disease (CRC) in at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least the 90% of the subjects of a certain group or population analyzed.
- Said method can be used at any stage of the CCR.
- the subject is a patient suffering from CRC in early stages, such as stages 0, 1 and II. Forecasting / Tracking Methods
- the teachings of the present invention are also useful for predicting or evaluating the response to a particular treatment.
- the treatment of the main RCC is usually surgical (surgery), for example, but not limited, by local excision or resection.
- Some RCC patients before surgery receive "neoadjuvant" therapy with the objective of reducing the size of the RCC, to enable or facilitate surgery.
- adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy may consist, for example, but not limited to radiotherapy, chemotherapy or biological therapy.
- Some examples of compounds used in chemotherapy or biological therapy include, but are not limited to, folic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, levamisole, cetuximab or bevacizumab.
- the invention relates to a method for evaluating the prognosis or monitoring of the evolution of a patient suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC), hereinafter "diagnostic method 1 of the invention", which comprises comparing the level of at least one autoantibody against a protein, wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, in a biological sample of said patient suffering from CRC, with the reference level for said autoantibody, where the level of said autoantibody against the Piml protein, or said autoantibody against the SRC protein, or said autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein, or said autoantibody rpo against the FGFR4 protein, or of said autoantibody against the STK4 protein, in said sample, is
- the prognostic method 1 of the invention comprises, previously, determining the level of at least one autoantibody against a protein, wherein said autoantibody is selected from the group formed by a autoantibody against the Piml protein, a autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, in a biological sample of the patient suffering from CCR in question.
- said biological sample is a blood, plasma or serum sample of said patient suffering from CRC in order to assess the monitoring of disease progression (CRC).
- the level of said autoantibodies can be determined as previously indicated in relation to the autoantibody detection method of the invention or with the method of obtaining data 1 of the invention.
- the prognostic method 1 of the invention comprises comparing the level of said autoantibody (or autoantibodies) with the reference level for said autoantibody (or with the reference levels for the autoantibodies in question), where if the level of said autoantibody against the Piml protein, or said autoantibody against the SRC protein , or of said autoantibody against MAPKAPK3 protein, or of said autoantibody against FGFR4 protein, or of said autoantibody against STK4 protein, in said sample, is greater than the corresponding reference level for said autoantibodies, and / or if the level of the autoantibody against ACVR2B in said sample is lower than the reference level for said autoantibody, then said patient undergoes a CRR with poor prognosis or presents a CCR with an unfavorable evolution.
- said reference level is the level or amount of autoantibodies against said proteins (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, and ACVR2B) in a sample, preferably serum, of subjects that do not have CCR
- said reference level is the level or amount of autoantibodies against said proteins (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4, and ACVR2B) in a sample, preferably serum, of the same patient suffering from CRC obtained before, for example, before the administration of a treatment against CRC, in order to be able to evaluate the efficacy of said treatment.
- the level of an autoantibody against a protein in the biological sample of the subject under study is considered to be "higher” than the reference level of said autoantibody when the The level of said autoantibody in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more, the reference level of said autoantibody.
- the level of an autoantibody against a protein in the biological sample of the subject under study will be considered “lower” than the reference level of said autoantibody when the level of said autoantibody in the
- the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times, or even more , lower than the reference level of said autoantibody.
- the level of autoantibodies against a single protein is quantified, for example, against the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B protein in the sample of the subject to be analyzed and compared with the reference level of autoantibodies against said protein.
- the level of autoantibodies against two or more proteins of the group formed by the proteins Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B in the sample of the subject to be analyzed is quantified and the levels obtained are compared with the levels of reference of the autoantibodies against the corresponding proteins.
- the autoantibodies against 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 proteins selected from the group consisting of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B proteins can be quantified, as mentioned in the List of Protein Combinations previously mentioned.
- the level of autoantibodies against Piml protein, the level of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3 protein or the level of autoantibodies against ACVR2B protein is quantified and compared with its reference level. preferably, the level of autoantibodies against the MAPKAPK3 protein or the level of autoantibodies against the ACVR2B protein.
- the level of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3 protein and the level of autoantibodies against ACVR2B protein, and, optionally, the level of autoantibodies against FGFR4 protein is quantified and compared with its reference level.
- the level of autoantibodies against Piml protein, the level of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3 protein and the level of autoantibodies against ACVR2B protein, and, optionally, the level of autoantibodies against the FGFR4 protein are provided.
- the prognostic method 1 of the invention allows to evaluate the prognosis of a patient suffering from CRC and / or following the evolution of said patient suffering from CRC, that is, if it has a good prognosis and will evolve favorably or if it has a poor prognosis and will evolve unfavorably.
- Said method can be used at any stage of the CCR.
- the subject is a patient suffering from CRC in early stages, such as stages 0, 1 and II.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method for evaluating the prognosis or monitoring of the evolution of a patient suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC), hereinafter "prognostic method 2 of the invention", which comprises comparing the level of expression of at least one expression product of a gene, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, in a sample of said patient suffering from CRC, with the level reference for said expression product of said gene, where whether the level of said expression product of the Piml gene, or of said expression product of gene 57?
- prognostic method 2 of the invention which comprises comparing the level of expression of at least one expression product of a gene, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B, in a sample of said patient suffering from CRC, with the level reference for said expression product of said gene,
- C or of said expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene, or of said expression product of the FGFR4 gene, or of said expression product of the STK4 gene, is greater than the corresponding reference level for said expression products of said genes and / or if the level of the expression product of the ACVR2B gene is lower than the reference level for said expression product of said gene, said patient undergoes a CRC with poor prognosis or presents a CCR with an unfavorable evolution.
- the forecast method 2 of the invention comprises, previously, determining the expression level of at least one expression product (eg, RNA or protein) of a gene selected from the group consisting of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4 genes , STK4 and ACVR2B, in a biological sample of the patient suffering from CRC in question.
- said biological sample is a sample of colon or rectum tissue adjacent to the tumor, tumor tissue, blood, plasma or serum of said patient suffering from CRC.
- the level of said expression product can be determined, depending on its nature (RNA or protein) as previously indicated in relation to the method of obtaining data 2 of the invention.
- the diagnostic method 2 of the invention comprises comparing the level of said expression product (or expression products) in the sample of the patient suffering from CRC with the reference level for said expression product (or with the reference levels for the expression products in question), where the level of said Piml gene expression product, or said SRC gene expression product, or said MAPKAPKS gene expression product, or said FGFR4 gene expression product, or said STK4 gene expression product, is greater than the corresponding reference level for said expression products of said genes and / or if the level of the ACVR2B gene expression product is lower than the reference level for said expression product of said gene, then said patient undergoes a CRC with poor prognosis or presents a CRC with an unfavorable evolution.
- said reference level is the level or amount of expression product of said gene (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4, and ACVR2B) in a biological sample, preferably of colon, of a population of control subjects (that is, they do not suffer from CRC).
- said reference level is the level or amount of expression product of said gene (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4, and ACVR2B) in a biological sample, preferably of tumor tissue or tissue of the colon or rectum obtained, for example, from an area adjacent to or adjacent to the non-cancerous tumor of the same patient suffering from CRC obtained earlier, by For example, before the administration of a treatment against CRC, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of said treatment.
- said gene Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4, and ACVR2B
- the level of an expression product of a gene in the sample of the subject under study is considered to be "greater" than the reference level of said expression product when the ratio between the level of the expression product of the gene in question determined in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more, the reference level of said expression product of said gene.
- the level of an expression product of a gene (eg, ACVR2E) in the biological sample of the subject under study shall be considered to be "lower” than the reference level of said expression product of said gene when the level of said autoantibody in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times, or even more, lower than the reference level of said expression product of said gene.
- a single gene expression product eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2E
- a single gene expression product eg, Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2E
- the expression levels of expression products of two or more genes of the group formed by the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B in the sample of the subject to be analyzed are quantified and the levels obtained are compared with the corresponding reference levels of said expression products of the genes in question.
- expression products of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 genes selected from the group consisting of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B genes can be quantified, such as, for example, expression products of the gene combinations mentioned in the List of gene combinations previously indicated.
- the level of an expression product of the Piml gene, the level of an expression product of the Piml gene is quantified and compared with its reference level MAPKAPK3 gene or the level of an ACVR2B gene expression product, preferably, the level of an MAPKAPK3 gene expression product or the level of an ACVR2B gene expression product.
- the level of an expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene and the level of an expression product of the ACVR2B gene, and, optionally the level of an expression product of the FGFR4 gene is quantified and compared with its reference level.
- the level of an expression product of the Piml gene, the level of an expression product of the MAPKAPK3 gene and the level of an expression product of the ACVR2B gene are quantified and compared with its reference level, and, optionally the level of an expression product of the FGFR4 gene.
- the prognostic method 2 of the invention allows to evaluate the prognosis of a patient suffering from CRC and / or following the evolution of said patient suffering from CRC, that is, if it has a good prognosis and will evolve favorably or if it has a poor prognosis and will evolve unfavorably.
- Said method can be used at any stage of the CCR.
- the subject is a patient suffering from CRC in early stages, such as stages 0, 1 and II.
- teachings of the present invention are also useful for analyzing the possibility of a patient suffering from CRC developing lung or liver metastases.
- the invention relates to a "method for diagnosing lung metastases in a patient suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC)" which comprises comparing the level of at least one autoantibody to a protein in a sample of said patient, wherein said protein is a protein selected from the group of proteins mentioned in Table 2, with the reference level for said autoantibody, where, if the level of autoantibody against said protein in said sample is greater than At the reference level for said autoantibody, the CRC patient has lung metastases.
- CRC colorectal cancer
- the method of diagnosing lung metastases in a patient suffering from CRC comprises, previously, determining the level of at least one autoantibody against a protein selected from the proteins mentioned in Table 2, in a biological sample. of the patient suffering from CRC in question.
- said biological sample is a blood, plasma or serum sample of said patient suffering from CRC.
- the level of said autoantibodies can be determined as previously indicated in relation to the autoantibody detection method of the invention or with the method of obtaining data 1 of the invention but applied to the proteins of Table 2 instead of on the proteins mentioned there (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B).
- the method of diagnosing lung metastases in a patient suffering from CRC comprises comparing the level of said autoantibody (or autoantibodies) with the reference level for said autoantibody (or with the reference levels for the autoantibodies in question), where if the level of autoantibody (s) against said protein (s) in said sample is greater than At the reference level for said autoantibody (s), the CRC patient has lung metastases.
- said reference level is the level or amount of autoantibodies against said proteins mentioned in Table 2 in a sample, preferably serum, of subjects who do not have CRC.
- said sample comes from patients suffering from CRC but who do not have metastases.
- the level of an autoantibody against a protein in the sample of the patient suffering from CRC to be analyzed is considered to be "higher” than the reference level of said autoantibody when the
- the level of said autoantibody in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more, the reference level of said autoantibody.
- only the level of autoantibodies against a single protein of those mentioned in Table 2 is quantified in the sample of the patient suffering from CRC to be analyzed and compared with the reference level of autoantibodies against said protein.
- the level of autoantibodies against two or more proteins of the group formed by the proteins mentioned in Table 2 in the sample is quantified of the patient suffering from CRC to be analyzed and the levels obtained are compared with the reference levels of the autoantibodies against the corresponding proteins.
- autoantibodies can be quantified against 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 proteins selected from the group consisting of the proteins shown in Table 2 .
- the method of diagnosing lung metastases in a patient suffering from CRC allows to assess whether a CRC patient has lung metastases.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a "method for diagnosing liver metastases in a patient suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC)" which comprises comparing the level of at least one autoantibody to a protein in a sample of said patient.
- said protein is a protein selected from the group of proteins mentioned in Table 3, with the reference level for said autoantibody, where, if the level of autoantibody against said protein in said sample is greater than the reference level for said autoantibody, the CRC patient has liver metastases.
- the method of diagnosing liver metastases in a patient suffering from CRC comprises, previously, determining the level of at least one autoantibody against a protein selected from the proteins mentioned in Table 3, in a biological sample. of the patient suffering from CRC in question.
- said biological sample is a blood, plasma or serum sample of said patient suffering from CRC.
- the level of said autoantibodies can be determined as previously indicated in relation to the autoantibody detection method of the invention or with the method of obtaining data 1 of the invention but applied to the proteins of Table 3 instead of on the proteins mentioned there (Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B).
- the method of diagnosing liver metastases in a patient suffering from CRC comprises comparing the level of said autoantibody (or autoantibodies ) with the reference level for said autoantibody (or with the reference levels for the autoantibodies in question), in where if the level of autoantibody (s) against said protein (s) in said sample is higher than the reference level for said autoantibody (s), the CRC patient has liver metastases.
- said reference level is the level or amount of autoantibodies against said proteins mentioned in Table 3 in a sample, preferably serum, of subjects who do not have CRC.
- said sample comes from patients suffering from CRC but who do not have metastases.
- the level of an autoantibody against a protein in the sample of the patient suffering from CRC to be analyzed is considered to be "higher” than the reference level of said autoantibody when the
- the level of said autoantibody in the subject's biological sample is at least 1.5 times, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times, 60 times, 70 times, 80 times, 90 times, 100 times or even more, the reference level of said autoantibody.
- only the level of autoantibodies against a single protein of those mentioned in Table 3 is quantified in the sample of the patient suffering from CRC to be analyzed and compared with the reference level of autoantibodies against said protein.
- the level of autoantibodies against two or more proteins of the group formed by the proteins mentioned in Table 3 is quantified in the sample of the patient suffering from CRC to be analyzed and the levels obtained are compared with the reference levels of the autoantibodies against the corresponding proteins.
- autoantibodies can be quantified against 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 proteins selected from the group consisting of the proteins shown in Table 3.
- kit of the invention which comprises
- an autoantibody selected from the group consisting of an autoantibody against the Piml protein, an autoantibody against the SRC protein, an autoantibody against the MAPKAPK3 protein, an autoantibody against the FGFR4 protein, an autoantibody against the STK4 protein, and an autoantibody against the ACVR2B protein, or, alternatively
- the kit of the invention further comprises the elements necessary to compare the amount of autoantibodies against at least one of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B proteins with a reference amount.
- the kit of the invention further comprises the elements necessary to compare the amount of autoantibodies against a protein mentioned in Table 2 with a reference amount.
- the kit of the invention further comprises the elements necessary to compare the amount of autoantibodies against a protein mentioned in Table 3 with a reference amount.
- the kit of the invention comprises the elements necessary to detect the amount of the product of the expression of at least one of the genes selected from the list comprising Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B in a biological sample isolated from a subject.
- the kit of the invention further comprises the elements necessary to compare the detected amount of the product of the expression of the Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B genes with an amount reference.
- the kit of the invention may also contain all those reagents necessary to detect the amount of autoantibodies against Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B proteins, or against the proteins mentioned in Tables 2 or 3, or of the product of the expression of the genes Piml, SRC, MAPKAPKS, FGFR4, STK4 or ACVR2B, by means of any of the methods described hereinabove as, for example, but not limited to,
- the kit of the invention may also include, without any limitation, buffers, agents to prevent contamination, inhibitors of protein degradation, etc.
- the kit of the invention can include all the supports and containers necessary for its implementation and optimization.
- the kit further comprises instructions for carrying out the method of the invention.
- the invention relates to the use of the kit of the invention to: detect an autoantibody against a protein selected from the group consisting of Piml, SRC, MAPKAPK3, FGFR4, STK4 and ACVR2B proteins; or for
- CRC colorectal cancer
- control sera Twelve sera from patients with CRC in advanced stages and who developed different types of metastases to the liver (7 patients), liver and lung (4 patients) and liver and bones (1 patient) and 8 sera from healthy individuals [ie, from individuals without CCR] (control sera) were tested using high density protein microarrays in order to identify specific CCR autoantibodies and their respective reactive antigens (Table 4). Control sera were selected to have exactly the same proportion of women and men and the same average age of patients with CRC (64.5 years). Healthy controls and patients with CRC showed a different immunoreactivity pattern.
- the proteins that showed discriminatory capacity between normal and tumor patients appear in Table 7.
- the analysis was performed using the ProtoArray Prospector Analyzer program, classifying the data according to the calculated p-value for each protein and the prevalence of autoantibodies in both groups.
- the p-value was set to be 0.04 maximum and the prevalence greater than 50% in the population of patients with CRC.
- 432 proteins showed immunoreactivity to autoantibodies present in the serum.
- 43 proteins had a significant p-value less than 0.04.
- 25 of them had a higher prevalence in the serum of patients with CRC and 18 a lower prevalence in patients with CRC compared to control individuals.
- Six proteins -MAPKAPK3, Piml, SRC, STK4, FGFR4 and ACVR2B- were selected according to the signal strength data of the microarray.
- ACVR2B exhibited weak expression in tumor tissue and, in general, more expression in the early stages of the disease. Subsequently, the expression levels of the autoantigens in 6 CCR cell lines were analyzed in comparison to 5 cell lines used as reference ( Figure IB). Piml and MAPKAPK3 expression was detected in virtually all CCR cell lines, except MAPKAPK3 in the SW480 cell line. As for ACVR2B, its expression was observed in reference cell lines including neutrophils and lymphocytes, but not in colon cancer cell lines.
- Piml showed an increased expression in the epithelial cells surrounding the crypts of tumor tissue, the staining being mainly cytoplasmic. In addition, both lymphocytes and macrophages were stained in a very important way.
- FIG. 1 shows the result of the immunohistochemical analysis of Piml and ACVR2B in CCR tissue and normal adjacent mucosa of 45 patients with RCC. As can be seen, the level of Piml protein appears to be increased in the CCR samples while that of ACVR2B appears to be decreased.
- CEA for being the most used marker in the diagnosis of CRC (Duffy, MJ 2001 Clinical chemistry 47 (4), 624-630) and Annex IV for its overexpression in CRC tissue (Alfonso et al. 2005. Proteomics 5 (10) , 2602-
- Figure 6 shows an ELISA based analysis of serum samples using a
- Figure 7C shows how the combination of the measurement of autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3, ACVR2B, Piml and FGFR4 results in an optimal predictive combination. Also, in the case of early stages of RCC, the combination of MAPKAPK3, ACVR2B, Piml and FGFR4 also results in optimal specificity and sensitivity.
- Figure 8 shows how the combination of CEA with an optimal combination of autoantibodies (autoantibodies against MAPKAPK3, ACVR2B, Piml and FGFR4 proteins) does not improve the prediction capacity for the diagnosis of CRC, indicating that the combination of The markers of the invention is more suitable for the diagnosis of early stage CRC than CEA alone.
- ProtoArray TM Human Protein Microarrays v.4.0 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). This microarray contains 8,000 human proteins fused to GST (glutathione-S-transferase), expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells and printed in duplicate. Briefly, arrays were equilibrated at 4 0 C for 15 minutes and blocked with blocking buffer (1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) - polysorbate 20 (Tween® 20) 0.1%) for 1 hour at 4 0 C with gentle agitation.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- a total of 150 ⁇ L of serum diluted 1: 50 in blocking buffer was applied on the surface of the array.
- the array was sealed with a CoverGlass (Corning) and incubated for 90 minutes at 4 0 C.
- the arrays were washed with incubation buffer (1% BSA in PBS with 0.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 5% glycerol and 0.05% Triton X-100) and serum autoantibodies bound to array proteins were detected using a secondary anti-human IgG antibody (H + L) labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 (Invitrogen) diluted 1: 2,000 in incubation buffer at 4 0 C for 90 minutes.
- incubation buffer 1% BSA in PBS with 0.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 5% glycerol and 0.05% Triton X-100
- the arrays were washed with 0.1% PBS-T ween® 20 and dried by centrifugation at 1,000 rpm for 1 minute. Finally, the slides were scanned on a ScanArray TM 5000 (Packard BioChip Technologies) using the 635 nm and 532 nm lasers. GenePix Pro 5.1 image analysis software was used for quantification. As controls, Protoarrays v4.0 were incubated with an anti-GST antibody before incubating the array with an anti-mouse IgG antibody labeled with AlexaFluor 555 to test for uniformity and the amount of protein printed in the array. Another array was incubated directly with the secondary anti-human IgG antibody (H + L) labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 to determine the noise levels in the assay.
- H + L secondary anti-human IgG antibody
- CEA was obtained from Calbiochem and human serum albumin (HSA) was obtained from the Sigma company.
- the human Piml coding cDNA was introduced into the vector pET28a, which allows 6xHis-Piml fusion, and was expressed in Escherichia coli using strain BL21 (DE3).
- the human ACVR2B cDNA was introduced into the pDEST 527 vector that allows 6xHis-ACVR2B fusion, using the Gateway system and was expressed in bacteria, while the human MAPKAPK3 protein was introduced into the pDEST565 expression vector that allows 6xHis fusion - GST-MAPKAPK3 and expressed under the same conditions as ACVR2B and Piml.
- the proteins thus expressed were purified by affinity chromatography using a HiTrap Chelating column (GE Healthcare) followed by an extra purification step by means of a Superdex 200 column (GE Healthcare) penetrability column.
- the human Annexin IV coding cDNA was cloned into the pTT3 expression vector and expressed in HEK293-EBNA cells.
- the recombinant protein was expressed after transfecting the cells with lipofectamine (Sigma) and purified by an Nichelating resin (GE Healthcare) affinity column.
- the antibodies against MAPKAPK3 and Piml used in the ELISA assays were purchased from the company Abnova.
- Antibodies against MAPKAPK3, Pim and ACVR2B used in membrane and tissue array immunodetection were purchased from Abcam.
- the CCR cell lines (Rko, Hct ll or, Hct l 5, Sw45, Sw480, Coló 205), BxPc3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the Molt4 lymphoblastoid line were grown using pre-established protocols for said cells.
- Neutrophils and lymphocytes used as controls were isolated from peripheral blood of a healthy individual.
- Embryonic murine fibroblasts (MEF) were immortalized by infecting a primary culture with the Epstein-Barr virus and were grown using pre-established protocols for this cell line.
- ELISA Example 4
- An ELISA trial was developed in order to test the ability of purified autoantigens to discriminate CRC using serum from 30 patients. Briefly, 0.3 ⁇ g of the purified proteins or HSA were upholstered as a negative control on Microtiter plates (Maxisorp, Nunc) in PBS overnight. The day after, the plates were washed 3 times with PBS and blocked with 3% skim milk in PBS for 2 hours at room temperature. After further washing, the 94 serum samples (1: 50 dilution in 3% skim milk in PBS) were incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.
- Protein extracts from paired tissues of 6 patients with CRC (12 in total) were prepared as previously described in Alfonso, P. et al. (2005) Proteomic expression analysis of colorectal cancer by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Proteomic 5, 2602-2611). Briefly, protein extracts were obtained after use with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tris-HCl 1 O mM (pH 7.2) supplemented with protease inhibitors (Roche). The protein concentration was determined using the Quant 2-D kit (GE Healthcare) after clarification by centrifugation at 12.00Og for 15 minutes.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Triton X-100 1% sodium deoxycholate
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic
- membrane immunodetection 50 ⁇ g of the protein extracts of the 6 colon cancer cell lines, the 5 reference cell lines and the paired tissues were run in parallel on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to membranes nitrocellulose (extra Hybond-C) according to standard protocols. After blocking, the membranes were incubated with the optimal dilutions of mono or polyclonal antibodies against the selected antigens: Piml (1: 100 dilution), MAPKAPK3 (1: 500 dilution) and ACVR2B (1: 200 dilution).
- Tissue microarray specific for CRC with 45 different tumor samples were prepared as previously described (Madoz-Gurpide et al. 2007. Mol CeIl Proteomics 6 (12), 2150-2164). Sections were cut to a width of 3 microns and dried at 56 0 C for 16 h before dewaxed in xylene and rehydrated in water after previous steps in different percentages of ethanol. The exposure and recovery of epitopes was performed in 0.01 M sodium citrate buffer heated for 2 minutes in a pressure cooker. After the heating step, the slides were washed with water for 5 minutes and again in Tris saline buffer (TBS) at pH 7.4.
- TMS Tris saline buffer
- TMAs were incubated with a monoclonal antibody against Piml (Abcam) and a polyclonal antibody against ACVR2B (Abcam). Specific binding was detected by goat anti-IgG conjugated to biotin. The visualization of specific interactions was carried out with the EnVision HRP system (DakoCytomation).
- Analyzer 4.0 (Invitrogen) -, which uses a statistical test based on the principle of Chebyshev inequality (Hudson et al. 2007. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (44), 17494-17499) .
- the algorithm compares the signal of each protein to the signal of the negative controls in the array and assigns a pa CI value for each protein.
- the software identifies significant signals (those that are identified as positive over background noise) and calculates Z values that reflect the intensity of the signal compared to all proteins.
- the program compares the 2 groups and identifies the proteins that have an increased signal in one of the 2 groups and the p-value is calculated for each protein according to the hypothesis that there is no signal increase in one group compared to the other. .
- Supervised clusters were obtained using the metric distance and Pearson's correlation to visualize the discrimination between groups using the Multi program
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ES10730815.7T ES2551713T3 (es) | 2009-05-25 | 2010-05-25 | Procedimientos para el diagnóstico o pronóstico de cáncer colorrectal |
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