WO2010133159A1 - 突发光信号放大方法、突发光放大器及系统和通信系统 - Google Patents

突发光信号放大方法、突发光放大器及系统和通信系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010133159A1
WO2010133159A1 PCT/CN2010/072862 CN2010072862W WO2010133159A1 WO 2010133159 A1 WO2010133159 A1 WO 2010133159A1 CN 2010072862 W CN2010072862 W CN 2010072862W WO 2010133159 A1 WO2010133159 A1 WO 2010133159A1
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Prior art keywords
light
burst
optical
mixed
signal
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PCT/CN2010/072862
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘鸿
丁锋
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP10777362A priority Critical patent/EP2434663A4/en
Publication of WO2010133159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133159A1/zh
Priority to US13/292,576 priority patent/US20120057876A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/293—Signal power control
    • H04B10/294—Signal power control in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation
    • H04B10/296—Transient power control, e.g. due to channel add/drop or rapid fluctuations in the input power

Definitions

  • Burst optical signal amplifying method burst optical amplifier and system and communication system
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to communication technologies, and in particular, to a burst optical signal amplifying method, a burst optical amplifier and system, and a communication system. Background technique
  • PON Passive Optical Network
  • OLT Optical Line Terminal
  • ONU Optical Network Unit
  • ODN Optical Distribution Network
  • 0LT and 0DN are connected by trunk fiber, 0DN realizes point-to-multipoint optical power distribution, and is connected to multiple ONUs through multiple branch fibers; the direction from 0LT to 0NU is called downlink direction, and the direction from 0NU to 0LT is called For the upward direction.
  • P0N's point-to-multipoint tree topology determines that each 0NU must communicate with 0LT in a shared medium.
  • the downlink signal of 0LT is broadcasted and transmitted to all 0NUs by means of Time Division Multiplex (TDM), and a specific identifier is used to indicate which corresponding 0NU each time slot belongs to.
  • TDM Time Division Multiplex
  • the optical signal power carrying all the information of all 0NUs is divided into several parts at 0DN and reaches each 0NU via each branch fiber.
  • Each 0NU receives the data belonging to its own time slot according to the corresponding identifier, and the data of other time slots are discarded.
  • the 0NU uplink signal is accessed by Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • Each ONU sends its own upstream optical signal in the time slot specified by the OLT.
  • Each 0NU time slot is converged at 0DN and then sent to 0LT. .
  • the system ensures that the uplink optical signals of each ONU do not have slot conflicts through ranging and multiple access control.
  • different ONU upstream optical signals There is a time interval between the two, and the guard interval between two adjacent ONU signals is generally greater than 25 ns. Such a signal with no optical time interval is called a burst optical signal.
  • each 0NU reaches 0DN along different branch fibers
  • the distances of different branch fibers are different (for example, GPON (Gigabi t-Capable P0N) specifies that the maximum distance difference between ONUs reaches 20km), and the attenuation of the uplink signal optical power is different.
  • the optical power of the optical transmitters in the various 0NUs is also inconsistent.
  • the optical power of the different 0NU uplink signals reaching 0DN can reach 10dB. In this way, the signal light power after the convergence of 0DN is rapidly changing, so the burst optical signal is not only discontinuous in time, but the power amplitude is often discontinuous.
  • the rise of the next-generation optical access network has raised the need to extend P0N, requiring a system's optical transmission distance to reach 100km.
  • the uplink signal is a burst optical signal.
  • APC Automatic Gain Control
  • ACC Automatic Current Control
  • Automatic Automatic Power Control
  • Power Control, APC and the optical amplifier of the fill light method, because the typical transient effect response time constant of the ordinary optical amplifier is on the order of microseconds, the sudden optical signal will be surged after being amplified by the ordinary optical amplifier, resulting in a surge phenomenon. Signal distortion.
  • the same problem occurs when it is necessary to amplify the burst light. Summary of the invention
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a burst optical signal amplifying method, a burst optical amplifier, and a system and a communication system to avoid a surge phenomenon, thereby avoiding signal distortion.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method for amplifying a burst optical signal, the method comprising:
  • the combiner combines the auxiliary light and the signal light into a mixed light, wherein the auxiliary light is non-burst light, the signal light is burst light, and the power setting of the auxiliary light is independent of the signal The power level of light;
  • An optical wavelength division multiplexer combines the pump light and the mixed light into a gain medium to obtain Large mixed light.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a burst optical amplifier, where the burst optical amplifier includes: an auxiliary light source for providing auxiliary light;
  • a combiner for combining the auxiliary light and the signal light provided by the auxiliary light source into mixed light, wherein the auxiliary light is non-burst light, the signal light is burst light, and the auxiliary light
  • the power setting is independent of the power level of the signal light
  • a pump source for generating pump light
  • the optical wavelength division multiplexer is configured to combine the pump light generated by the pump source and the mixed light output by the multiplexer into a gain medium to obtain amplified mixed light.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical communication system, where the system includes the above-mentioned burst optical amplifier, and further includes:
  • a burst optical transmitter for transmitting burst light, and transmitting burst light to the burst optical amplifier through the transmission fiber;
  • a burst optical receiver is coupled to the burst optical amplifier through a transmission fiber for receiving an optical signal amplified by the burst optical amplifier.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, where the system includes:
  • a burst optical transmitter for transmitting burst light
  • a non-burst light source for generating non-burst light, and the power setting of the non-burst light is independent of a power level of the burst light; and illuminating, generating the combined ray and non-burst light Mixed light
  • An optical amplifier connected to the combiner through a transmission fiber for receiving and amplifying the mixed light; a burst optical receiver connected to the optical amplifier through a transmission fiber for receiving from the light The amplified burst of light.
  • burst optical signal amplifying method burst optical amplifier and system, and communication system
  • the burst optical amplifier or optical amplifier always operates in an amplified state, and there is pump light in the gain medium.
  • These pump lights can directly amplify the incoming signal light, reducing the delay time of the burst optical amplifier or optical amplifier, increasing the transient response speed of the burst optical amplifier or optical amplifier, reducing or avoiding the surge phenomenon. , to avoid signal distortion.
  • the power of the auxiliary light does not change with the power of the signal light, so that the phenomenon of hole burning can be avoided.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for amplifying a burst optical signal according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a signal frame structure of a strong burst optical signal according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a signal frame structure of a weak burst optical signal according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a signal frame structure of a signal after combining two burst optical signals according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a signal frame structure of auxiliary light according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a signal frame structure of mixed light according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of a burst optical amplifier according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an optical communication system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a communication system according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the typical transient effect response time constant of a common doped optical amplifier is large, and a sudden surge of light may cause a surge or an optical amplifier to be turned on slowly when the ordinary optical amplifier is amplified, resulting in distortion of the transmission signal.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method for adding non-sudden light to the optical amplifier by adding auxiliary light to the optical signal input by the optical amplifier, thereby avoiding the surge and avoiding the activation. Slowly moving. Since the power setting of the auxiliary light is independent of the power of the signal light, it can be set very low, avoiding the influence of the hole burning effect, and satisfying the requirement of sudden light amplification.
  • the auxiliary light or the non-burst light does not have to be changed with the sudden light, compared with the technique of the optical signal in the prior art. Therefore, it is possible to avoid non-burst light which forms a strong single-wave input power, thereby avoiding a strong hole burning effect and reducing the arrangement restriction of parameters such as non-burst wavelength.
  • the supported input optical signal can be single or multiple.
  • the auxiliary optical power is smaller than the maximum total input optical power of the optical amplifier, and the power setting of the auxiliary light is independent of the signal.
  • the power of the light, the auxiliary light and the signal light are combined together to serve as the total input signal of the optical amplifier. Due to the presence of the auxiliary light, the optical amplifier gain medium is always in the state of having an optical input, and the optical amplifier simultaneously adopts an automatic gain control mode. Due to the presence of auxiliary light, there is no input and no light.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for amplifying a burst optical signal according to the present invention, where the method includes:
  • Step 101 The combiner combines the auxiliary light and the signal light into a mixed light and outputs the same;
  • the auxiliary light source in this embodiment is always turned on when the system is working, for generating auxiliary light, the auxiliary light is non-burst light, and the power setting of the auxiliary light is independent of the power level of the signal light, that is, the power of the auxiliary light does not follow the signal light.
  • the power size varies.
  • the wavelength of the auxiliary light is different from the wavelength of the signal light, but both are within the amplification wavelength range of the gain medium.
  • the wavelengths of the auxiliary light and the signal light can avoid occupying communication wavelength resources.
  • Always turning on the auxiliary light source means that the auxiliary light source always has a light output.
  • the signal light and the auxiliary light from the auxiliary light source are combined by the combiner to form a mixed light, and if the power of the auxiliary light is constant, the mixed optical power changes according to the input light power;
  • the signal light may be a single wavelength Light or multi-wavelength light;
  • the auxiliary light may be continuous light or modulated light without modulation, so-called modulated light refers to auxiliary light obtained after being modulated in a certain manner, the auxiliary light includes: a certain modulation method The resulting continuous-time signal light that is independent of the signal; the signal that is modulated by the signal of one or more channels onto the continuous optical carrier for transmission.
  • the optical power of the auxiliary light described above remains unchanged and is less than half of the maximum input optical power of the amplifier;
  • the combiner can be a power coupling device without wavelength selectivity, such as a 50:50 split ratio power coupler, or a wavelength selective wavelength multiplexing combiner.
  • pump light can be generated to be input to the optical wavelength division multiplexer for amplification.
  • the control signal is driven according to the magnitude of the mixed optical power to drive the pump source to generate pump light, that is, the pump light is generated according to the mixed optical power. Adjustment, such that the amplification of the burst signal by the optical amplifier can be converted to conventional AGC control amplification.
  • obtaining a control signal according to the magnitude of the mixed optical power to drive the pump source to generate the pump light may perform the following steps:
  • Step 102 The coupler receives the mixed light from the combiner
  • Step 103 The photodetector detects a mixed optical power according to a part of the mixed light output by the coupler, and performs signal processing according to the mixed optical power, and obtains a control signal to drive the pump source to generate pump light.
  • the photodetector detects the mixed optical power according to a small part of the mixed light outputted by the coupler, and the amplifier performs signal processing according to the mixed optical power, and obtains a control signal to drive the pump source;
  • Step 104 The optical wavelength division multiplexer combines the pump light generated by the pump source and the mixed light into the gain medium to obtain the amplified mixed light.
  • the size of the pump light can be controlled by a direct current control or a variable optical attenuator (V0A);
  • the gain medium can be an erbium doped fiber, an erbium doped fiber, an erbium doped fiber or a planar erbium doped waveguide.
  • the optical wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) combines the pump light and the mixed light into the gain medium to obtain the amplified mixed light; the amplified mixed light filters the auxiliary light through the filter at the output end of the burst optical amplifier. After that, the amplified signal light is obtained.
  • steps 102 and 103 are optional steps, that is, the pump source can generate pump light, and the method for obtaining the pump source control signal can be used in addition to the above manner. His way.
  • the signal light and the auxiliary light with different wavelengths enter the burst optical amplifier to be amplified, and the auxiliary optical power can be changed without changing the size of the signal light.
  • the pump source power of the burst optical amplifier changes with the input mixed optical power. Adjust to ensure that the gain of the burst optical amplifier is basically unchanged. Since the auxiliary optical power is always present, the photodetector always detects the optical input to be amplified, and thus the illuminating amplifier always operates in an amplified state.
  • the input signal is burst light, from no light to light change, since there is pump light that always amplifies the auxiliary light in the gain medium, the amplification of the burst optical signal by the burst optical amplifier is converted into a conventional one.
  • the AGC Automatic Gain Control
  • the AGC reduces the transient response time and satisfies the amplification requirements of the burst light.
  • the amplification of the burst light is converted into a conventional AGC control amplification process, and the process of changing the frame structure of the signal is as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 6; assuming that the strong burst signal in FIG. 2 is composed by the first optical network unit ( 0NU) is generated.
  • the weak burst signal in Figure 3 is generated by the second optical network unit. After 0DN, the two 0NU signals are combined into the signal shown in Figure 4.
  • the guard interval between signals consists of the Guard time and the lead time.
  • the signal in Figure 5 is the generated auxiliary light
  • Figure 6 is the mixed light after the auxiliary light is combined with the signal light in Figure 4. Due to the presence of the auxiliary light, the interval between the signals is filled by the auxiliary light, and the burst light is converted into non-burst light, so that the combined optical signal can be amplified by the conventional AGC control method, and the burst light in the combined signal Thereby a stable amplification is also obtained.
  • the burst optical signal amplifying method by introducing auxiliary light, the time interval between the signals is filled by the auxiliary light, and the burst signal is converted into a non-burst signal, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a surge phenomenon, thereby effectively avoiding signal distortion.
  • the power of the auxiliary light is small, the phenomenon of burning holes can be avoided.
  • the power of the auxiliary light is preferably less than or equal to one-half of the set maximum input optical power, and the set maximum input optical power may be the maximum input optical power of the burst optical amplifier.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a burst optical amplifier according to the present invention.
  • the burst optical amplifier can support amplification of burst light, and the burst optical amplifier includes: an auxiliary light source 11 for providing assistance.
  • the light combiner 12 is configured to combine the auxiliary light and the signal light provided by the auxiliary light source 11 into a mixed light, wherein the auxiliary light is non-burst light, and the signal light is burst light, and Said
  • the power setting of the auxiliary light is independent of the power level of the signal light;
  • the pump source 13 is for generating pump light;
  • the optical wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 14 the pump for generating the pump source 13
  • the hybrid light outputted by the light and the combiner 12 is input to the gain medium 15 to obtain the amplified signal light.
  • the signal light may be single-wavelength light or multi-wavelength light; the auxiliary light is always turned on when the burst optical amplifier is working, that is, the auxiliary light may be always provided while the amplifier is working; the auxiliary light may be unmodulated
  • the continuous light may also be modulated light, and the optical power of the auxiliary light may remain unchanged, and is preferably less than or equal to half of the maximum input optical power of the burst optical amplifier.
  • the above gain medium can be set as needed, and can be, for example, an erbium doped fiber, an erbium doped fiber, an erbium doped fiber or a planar erbium doped waveguide.
  • the burst optical amplifier may further include: a coupler 16 interposed between the combiner 12 and the optical wavelength division multiplexer 14 for receiving from the The mixed light of the combiner 12 splits the mixed light into two parts, a part of which is output to the optical wavelength division multiplexer 14; the photodetector 17 is configured to receive another part of the mixed light output by the coupler 16, and according to this The part of the mixed light detects the mixed optical power level; the pumping light driving unit 18 is configured to generate the pump source driving signal according to the mixed optical power to drive the pump source 13; and the pump light driving unit 18 can be directly controlled by current Or V0A mode to control the size of the pump light.
  • the burst optical amplifier may further include: a filter, configured to filter the mixed light amplified by the gain medium, filter out the auxiliary light, and obtain the amplified signal light. .
  • the signal light of wavelength ⁇ s is combined with the auxiliary light of wavelength ⁇ a by the combiner, and the wavelengths of ⁇ a and ⁇ s are different, but all are in the amplification wavelength range of the burst optical amplifier; Then, a small part of the mixed light is separated into the photodetector by the coupler, and the burst optical amplifier performs signal processing according to the detected mixed optical power to obtain a control signal, and drives the pump source to generate pump light ⁇ pump, pump light.
  • the size of the ⁇ pump can be controlled directly using current or using V0A.
  • the pump light ⁇ pump and the mixed light are combined by WDM, and then enter the gain medium to amplify the signal light.
  • the above-mentioned burst optical amplifier since the auxiliary light is always present, the burst optical amplifier is always working In the large state, there is pump light in the gain medium. These pump light can directly amplify the incoming signal light, reduce the delay time of the sudden opening of the optical amplifier, and improve the transient response speed of the burst optical amplifier, reducing or Avoid surges, thereby reducing or avoiding signal distortion;
  • the power of the auxiliary light does not change with the power of the signal light, it is not necessary to be adjusted to a large amount when there is no signal light, thereby avoiding the occurrence of burn holes. phenomenon.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an optical communication system according to the present invention.
  • the system includes a burst optical amplifier 1 as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the system further includes: a transmission fiber 5 for transmitting an optical signal;
  • the optical transmitter 2 is configured to transmit burst light, and send burst light to the burst optical amplifier 1 through the transmission fiber 5;
  • the burst optical receiver 3 is connected to the burst optical amplifier 1 through the transmission fiber 5. And for receiving an optical signal amplified by the burst optical amplifier 1.
  • the structure of the burst optical amplifier in the system is the same as that of the embodiment of the burst optical amplifier of the present invention, and details are not described herein.
  • the burst optical transmitter emits signal light having a wavelength of ⁇ s, and the signal light is combined with the auxiliary light of the wavelength ⁇ a by the combiner, and the wavelengths of ⁇ a and ⁇ s are different, but both are in the burst optical amplifier. Amplified in the wavelength range.
  • the multiplexed mixed light can further pass a small part of the mixed light into the photodetector through the coupler, and the burst optical amplifier performs signal processing according to the detected mixed optical power to obtain a control signal, driving the pump source, and the pump.
  • the size of the Puguang can be controlled directly using current or using V0A.
  • the filter can filter out the wavelength ⁇ a
  • the burst optical receiver receives the amplified signal light s.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a communication system according to the present invention.
  • the system includes: a transmission fiber 5 for transmitting an optical signal; a burst optical transmitter 2 for transmitting burst light; and a non-burst light source 4 For generating non-burst light, and the power setting of the non-burst light is independent of the power level of the burst light; the combiner 12 is configured to receive the burst light transmitted through the transmission fiber 5 and The non-burst light of the non-burst light source 4 combines the burst light and the non-burst light to generate mixed light; the optical amplifier 6 is connected to the combiner 12 through the transmission fiber 5 for receiving and amplifying the mixture The light-emitting receiver 3 is connected to the optical amplifier 6 via a transmission fiber 5 for receiving amplified burst light from the optical amplifier 6.
  • the burst light may be single-wavelength light or multi-wavelength light; the non-burst light source is always turned on when the system is working, that is, when the system is in operation, non-burst light is always present, and the non-burst light is The modulated signal light or continuous light without service; the power of the non-burst light remains unchanged, and the optical power of the non-burst light is less than half of the maximum input optical power of the optical amplifier.
  • the optical amplifier used in this embodiment is a general optical amplifier having an amplification function.
  • the above-mentioned combiner and non-burst light source may not be located in the optical amplifier, or may be located in or located in the optical amplifier. If both are located in the optical amplifier, the structure of the optical amplifier The structure of the burst optical amplifier of the present invention is the same, and will not be described herein.
  • the optical amplifier can control the pump light output of the pump light in the optical amplifier according to the magnitude of the mixed optical power, thereby implementing a gain locking function, that is, after the amplifier amplifies the mixed light, the mixed optical gain remains locked.
  • the optical amplifier may specifically include the following structures: a coupler, a photodetector, a pumping light driving unit, a pumping source, and an optical wavelength division multiplexer.
  • the coupler is configured to receive the mixed light from the combiner, divide the mixed light into two parts, one part is output to the optical wavelength division multiplexer, and the other part is output to the photodetector; the photodetector is used for mixing according to the received part Detecting a mixed optical power level; a pumping light driving unit for generating a pump source driving signal according to the mixed optical power; and a pumping source for generating pumping light driven by a driving signal of the pumping light driving unit;
  • the optical wavelength division multiplexer is configured to combine the pump light generated by the pump source and the mixed light output by the multiplexer into a gain medium for amplification.
  • the communication system may further include a filter, and the filter is connected to the optical amplifier, and is configured to filter the amplified mixed light, filter out non-burst light therein, and obtain the amplified burst light.
  • the operation of filtering non-burst light can also be done by a burst optical receiver.
  • the optical amplifier since non-burst light always exists, the optical amplifier always operates in an amplified state, which reduces the delay time of opening the optical amplifier, improves the transient response speed of the optical amplifier, avoids a surge phenomenon, and avoids signal distortion.
  • the burst optical receiver can receive the correct signal.

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Description

突发光信号放大方法、 突发光放大器及系统和通信系统 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信技术， 特别涉及一种突发光信号放大方法、 突发 光放大器及系统和通信系统。 背景技术
随着通信技术的快速发展，无源光网络（Passive Optical Network, PON) 技术是接入网中目前应用最广泛的光纤到户技术之一。各种体制的 P0N, 其网 络架构基本相同， 包括光线路终端 ( Optical Line Terminal, OLT ) 、 光网 络单元 ( Optical Network Unit, ONU)和光分配网 ( Optical Distribution Network, ODN ) ； 其中， OLT位于中心局， ONU位于用户家庭、 路边或大楼， 0LT和 0NU之间由无源的 0DN相连。 0LT和 0DN之间由主干光纤相连， 0DN实 现点对多点的光功率分配， 通过多个分支光纤连接到多个 0NU; 从 0LT到 0NU 的方向称为下行方向， 从 0NU到 0LT的方向称为上行方向。
P0N的点对多点的树型拓朴结构决定了各个 0NU之间必须以共享媒质方 式与 0LT通信。 0LT的下行信号通过时分复用 （Time Division Multiplex, TDM) 的方式广播发送给所有 0NU， 用特定的标识指示各时隙是属于哪个对应 的 0NU。载有所有 0NU全部信息的光信号功率在 0DN处被分成若干份经各分支 光纤到达各 0NU,各 0NU根据相应的标识收取属于自己时隙的数据， 其他时隙 的数据则丢弃。
0NU的上行信号通过时分多址 (Time Division Multiple Access, TDMA ) 的方式接入， 各 ONU在 OLT指定的时隙发送自己的上行光信号， 各 0NU的时 隙在 0DN处汇合后再发送到 0LT。系统通过测距和多址接入控制保证各 0NU的 上行光信号不发生时隙冲突。 为了避免信号时隙冲突， 不同 0NU上行光信号 之间时间上不连续， 存在一定无光时间间隔， 相邻两个 0NU 的上行信号之间 的保护间隔一般大于 25ns，这样的存在无光时间间隔的信号称为突发光信号。
由于各 0NU沿不同分支光纤到达 0DN， 不同分支光纤的距离不同 （例如 GPON ( Gigabi t- Capable P0N )规定 ONU之间的最大距离差达到 20km ) ， 对上 行信号光功率的衰减也就不同， 再加上各个 0NU 中光发射机的发送光功率也 不一致， 不同 0NU的上行信号到达 0DN的光功率相差可达 10dB。 这样经 0DN 汇合后的信号光功率是快速变化的， 所以突发光信号不仅时间上不连续， 功 率幅度上往往也是不连续的。
下一代光接入网络的兴起提出了将 P0N拉远的需求， 需要系统的光传输 距离达到 100km。 上行信号为突发光信号， 如果使用普通光放大器， 例如， 目 前采用的基于自动增益控制 （Automat ic Gain Control , AGC ) 、 自动电流控 制 ( Automat ic Current Control , ACC ) 、 自动功率控制 ( Automat ic Power Control , APC )和补光法技术的光放大器， 则由于普通光放大器的典型瞬态 效应响应时间常数为微秒量级， 突发光信号经过普通光放大器放大后会产生 浪涌现象， 导致信号失真。 并且， 在非 P0N 的其它光传输技术中， 当需要对 突发光进行放大时， 也存在同样的问题。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种突发光信号放大方法、 突发光放大器及系统和通 信系统， 以避免产生浪涌现象， 从而避免产生信号失真。
本发明实施例提供了一种突发光信号放大方法， 该方法包括：
合波器将辅助光和信号光合波成混合光后输出， 其中， 所述辅助光是非 突发光， 所述信号光是突发光， 且所述辅助光的功率设定独立于所述信号光 的功率大小；
产生泵浦光；
光波分复用器将所述泵浦光与所述混合光合波后输入增益介质， 得到放 大后的混合光。
本发明实施例提供了一种突发光放大器， 该突发光放大器包括： 辅助光源， 用于提供辅助光；
合波器， 用于将所述辅助光源提供的辅助光和信号光合波成混合光后输 出， 其中， 所述辅助光是非突发光， 所述信号光是突发光， 且所述辅助光的 功率设定独立于所述信号光的功率大小；
泵浦源， 用于产生泵浦光；
光波分复用器， 用于将所述泵浦源产生的泵浦光和所述合波器输出的混 合光合波后输入增益介质， 得到放大后的混合光。
本发明实施例提供了一种光通信系统， 该系统包括上述突发光放大器， 还包括：
传输光纤， 用于传输光信号；
突发光发射机， 用于发射突发光， 通过传输光纤将突发光发往所述突发 光放大器；
突发光接收机， 通过传输光纤与所述突发光放大器相连， 用于接收经所 述突发光放大器放大后的光信号。
本发明实施例提供了一种通信系统， 该系统包括：
传输光纤， 用于承载光信号的传输；
突发光发射机， 用于发射突发光；
非突发光源， 用于产生非突发光， 且所述非突发光的功率设定独立于所 述突发光的功率大小； 发光， 将所述突发光和非突发光合波生成混合光；
光放大器， 通过传输光纤与合波器相连， 用于接收并放大所述混合光； 突发光接收机， 通过传输光纤与光放大器相连， 用于接收来自所述光放 大器的放大后的突发光。
上述突发光信号放大方法、 突发光放大器及系统和通信系统， 由于辅助 光或非突发光一直存在， 突发光放大器或光放大器一直工作在放大状态， 增 益介质中有泵浦光， 这些泵浦光可以直接对进入的信号光进行放大， 减少了 突发光放大器或光放大器打开的延迟时间， 提升了突发光放大器或光放大器 的瞬态响应速度， 减少或避免产生浪涌现象， 避免产生信号失真。 辅助光的 功率不随信号光的功率大小而发生变化， 因此可以避免烧孔现象发生。 附图说明
图 1为本发明突发光信号放大方法实施例的流程图；
图 2 为本发明强突发光信号的信号帧结构实施例的示意图；
图 3 为本发明弱突发光信号的信号帧结构实施例的示意图；
图 4 为本发明两路突发光信号汇合后的信号的信号帧结构实施例的示意 图；
图 5 为本发明辅助光的信号帧结构实施例的示意图；
图 6 为本发明混合光的信号帧结构实施例的示意图；
图 7为本发明突发光放大器实施例一的结构示意图；
图 8为本发明光通信系统实施例的结构示意图；
图 9为本发明通信系统实施例的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例， 对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。 现有技术中， 普通掺杂光放大器的典型瞬态效应响应时间常数较大， 突 发光经过普通光放大器放大时会产生浪涌或者光放大器开启过慢现象， 导致 传输信号失真。 本发明实施例提出一种方法， 通过对光放大器输入的光信号 加入辅助光， 使光放大器中始终有非突发光通过， 避免浪涌同时也规避了启 动过慢现象。 由于辅助光的功率设定独立于信号光的功率大小， 所以可以设 置得很低， 避免了烧孔效应的影响， 满足突发光放大的要求。 进一步的， 在 加入独立的辅助光的同时， 还可以进行 AGC控制， 对光放大器的增益进行控 制， 实现增益恒定。 相比于现有补光法中通过维持输入的总信号光功率恒定 来稳定光放大器增益的技术， 本发明实施例的技术方案中， 辅助光或非突发 光不必随着突发光不断变化， 从而能够避免形成强的单波输入功率的非突发 光， 进而能够避免发生强烈的烧孔效应， 也减少了对非突发光波长等参数的 配置限制。 所支持的输入光信号可以是单波也可以是多波。
具体而言： 本发明实施例中， 通过对进入光放大器增益介质的输入信号 光增加一定功率的辅助光， 辅助光功率小于光放大器最大总输入光功率， 且 辅助光的功率设定独立于信号光的功率大小， 辅助光与信号光一起合波后作 为光放大器的总输入信号。 由于该辅助光的存在， 使得光放大器增益介质中 始终处于有光输入的状态， 光放大器同时采用自动增益控制模式。 由于辅助 光的存在， 不存在输入无光和关泵的情况。
如图 1所示， 为本发明突发光信号放大方法实施例的流程图， 该方法包 括：
步骤 101、 合波器将辅助光和信号光合波成混合光后输出；
本实施例中的辅助光源在系统工作时始终打开， 用于产生辅助光， 辅助 光是非突发光， 且辅助光的功率设定独立于信号光的功率大小， 即辅助光的 功率不随信号光的功率大小而变化。 辅助光的波长与信号光的波长不同， 但 都同处于增益介质的放大波长范围内。 辅助光与信号光的波长不同可以避免 占用通信波长资源。 辅助光源始终打开代表辅助光源始终有光输出。 信号光 和来自辅助光源的辅助光经合波器合波成混合光后输出， 若辅助光的功率恒 定不变， 则混合光功率随输入信号光功率变化而变化； 该信号光可以为单波 长光或多波长光； 该辅助光可以为没有调制的连续光或调制光， 所谓调制光 是指经过某种方式调制后得到的辅助光， 该辅助光包括： 经过一定调制方法 得到的， 与信号无关的连续时间信号光； 使用某个或多个通道的信号将信号 调制到连续光载波上进行传输的数字信号光。 上述辅助光的光功率保持不变 且小于放大器最大输入光功率的一半；
其中， 该合波器可以是没有波长选择性的功率耦合器件， 如 50: 50分光 比的功率耦合器， 也可以是有波长选择性的波长复用合波器件。
随后， 可以产生泵浦光来输入光波分复用器进行放大， 优选的是根据混 合光功率大小获得控制信号驱动泵浦源来产生泵浦光， 即泵浦光随着混合光 功率的大小进行调整， 这样， 使得光放大器对突发信号的放大可以转化为常 规的 AGC控制放大。
具体的， 根据混合光功率大小获得控制信号驱动泵浦源来产生泵浦光可 以执行如下步骤：
步骤 102、 耦合器接收来自合波器的混合光；
步骤 103、 光探测器根据耦合器输出的部分混合光检测混合光功率大小， 并根据所述混合光功率大小进行信号处理后， 获得控制信号驱动泵浦源来产 生泵浦光；
光探测器根据耦合器输出的小部分混合光检测混合光功率大小， 放大器 根据上述混合光功率大小进行信号处理后， 获得控制信号驱动泵浦源；
步骤 104、光波分复用器将泵浦源产生的泵浦光和所述混合光合波后输入 增益介质， 得到放大后的混合光。
其中， 泵浦光的大小可以采用电流直接控制或可调式光衰减器（V0A )方 式控制泵浦光的大小； 上述增益介质可以为掺铒光纤、 掺镨光纤、 掺铥光纤 或平面掺铒波导； 光波分复用器（WDM )将上述泵浦光和混合光合波后输入增 益介质， 得到放大后的混合光； 放大后的混合光在突发光放大器的输出端经 滤波器滤掉辅助光后得到放大后的信号光。
另外， 上述步骤 102和步骤 103为可选步骤， 即泵浦源只要能产生泵浦 光即可， 至于获得驱动泵浦源控制信号的方式除上述方式外， 还可以采用其 他方式。
波长不同的信号光和辅助光共同进入突发光放大器中得到放大， 辅助光 功率可以不因信号光的大小变化而发生改变， 突发光放大器的泵浦源功率随 输入混合光功率的变化进行调整， 保证突发光放大器的增益基本不变。 由于 辅助光功率一直存在， 使得光探测器始终检测到有待放大的光输入， 因而突 发光放大器一直工作在放大状态。 当输入的信号为突发光， 从无光到有光变 化时， 由于增益介质中存在着一直对辅助光进行放大的泵浦光， 使得突发光 放大器对突发光信号的放大转化为常规的 AGC (自动增益控制）放大，减少了瞬 态响应的时间， 满足突发光的放大要求。 其中， 将突发光的放大转化为常规 的 AGC控制放大过程中， 信号的帧结构的变化过程如图 2-图 6所示； 假设图 2中的强突发信号由第一光网络单元（0NU )产生， 图 3中的弱突发信号由第 二光网络单元产生， 经过 0DN后两路 0NU信号汇合成如图 4所示的信号。 信 号之间的保护间隔由间隔时间（Guard t ime)和前导时间组成。 图 5 中的信号 为产生的辅助光， 图 6为辅助光与图 4 中的信号光合波后的混合光。 由于辅 助光的存在， 信号间的间隔时间由辅助光填充了， 突发光转换为了非突发光， 从而可以采用常规的 AGC控制方式对合波光信号进行放大， 合波信号中的突 发光从而也得到稳定放大。
上述突发光信号放大方法， 通过引入辅助光， 信号间的时间间隔由辅助 光填充了， 使突发信号转换为非突发信号， 避免了浪涌现象的产生， 因而有 效地避免了信号失真； 另外， 由于辅助光的功率较小， 因而可以避免产生烧 孔现象。 辅助光的功率优选的是小于或等于设定的最大输入光功率的二分之 一， 设定的最大输入光功率可以是突发光放大器的最大输入光功率。
如图 7所示， 为本发明突发光放大器实施例一的结构示意图， 这种突发光 放大器可以支持对突发光的放大， 该突发光放大器包括： 辅助光源 11， 用于提 供辅助光； 合波器 12， 用于将所述辅助光源 11提供的辅助光和信号光合波成 混合光后输出， 其中， 所述辅助光是非突发光， 所述信号光是突发光， 且所述 辅助光的功率设定独立于所述信号光的功率大小； 泵浦源 13， 用于产生泵浦 光； 光波分复用器（WDM ) 14， 用于将所述泵浦源 13产生的泵浦光和所述合波 器 12输出的混合光合 ^^输入增益介质 15， 得到放大后的信号光。
其中， 该信号光可以为单波长光， 也可以为多波长光； 上述辅助光在突 发光放大器工作时始终处于打开， 即可以在放大器工作时一直提供辅助光； 该辅助光可以为没有调制的连续光， 也可以为调制光， 且上述辅助光的光功 率可以保持不变， 且优选的是小于或等于上述突发光放大器最大输入光功率 的一半。 上述增益介质可以根据需要进行设置， 例如可以为掺铒光纤、 掺镨 光纤、 掺铥光纤或平面掺铒波导等。
为了获得驱动泵浦源 13的驱动信号， 上述突发光放大器还可以包括： 耦 合器 16， 增设于所述合波器 12与所述光波分复用器 14之间， 用于接收来自 所述合波器 12的混合光， 将混合光分成两部分， 一部分输出至所述光波分复 用器 14 ; 光探测器 17， 用于接收所述耦合器 16输出的另一部分混合光， 并 根据这部分混合光检测混合光功率大小； 泵浦光驱动单元 18， 用于根据上述 混合光功率产生泵浦源驱动信号， 驱动上述泵浦源 13; 且上述泵浦光驱动单 元 18可以采用电流直接控制或 V0A方式控制泵浦光的大小。
另外， 为了滤除放大后的辅助光， 上述突发光放大器还可以包括： 滤波 器， 用于对经增益介质放大后的混合光进行过滤， 过滤掉其中的辅助光， 得 到放大后的信号光。
波长为 λ s的信号光经合波器与波长为 λ a的辅助光合波， λ a和 λ s的 波长不同， 但都处在突发光放大器的放大波长范围内； 合波后的混合光再经 过耦合器分出小部分混合光进入光探测器， 突发光放大器根据检测到的混合 光功率大小， 进行信号处理得到一个控制信号， 驱动泵浦源产生泵浦光 λ pump, 泵浦光 λ pump的大小可使用电流直接控制或使用 V0A控制。 泵浦光 λ pump与混合光经 WDM合波后， 进入增益介质， 使信号光得到放大。
上述突发光放大器， 由于辅助光一直存在， 突发光放大器一直工作在放 大状态， 增益介质中有泵浦光， 这些泵浦光可以直接对进入的信号光进行放 大， 减少了突发光放大器打开的延迟时间， 提升了突发光放大器的瞬态响应 速度， 减少或避免产生浪涌现象， 从而减少或避免产生信号失真； 另外， 由 于辅助光的功率不随信号光的功率发生变化， 不用在没有信号光的时候被调 整至^ ί艮大， 因而可以避免产生烧孔现象。
如图 8 所示， 为本发明光通信系统实施例的结构示意图， 该系统包括如 图 7所示的突发光放大器 1， 该系统还包括： 传输光纤 5， 用于传输光信号； 突发光发射机 2， 用于发射突发光，通过传输光纤 5将突发光发往所述突发光 放大器 1 ; 突发光接收机 3， 通过传输光纤 5与所述突发光放大器 1相连， 用 于接收经所述突发光放大器 1放大后的光信号。
其中， 该系统中的突发光放大器的结构与本发明突发光放大器实施例中 的放大器结构相同， 在此不赘述。
上述突发光发射机发射波长为 λ s的信号光，该信号光经合波器与波长为 λ a的辅助光合波， λ a和 λ s的波长不同， 但都处在突发光放大器的放大波 长范围内。 合波后的混合光进一步可以再经过耦合器分出小部分混合光进入 光探测器， 突发光放大器根据检测到的混合光功率大小， 进行信号处理得到 一个控制信号， 驱动泵浦源， 泵浦光的大小可使用电流直接控制或使用 V0A 控制。 泵浦光与混合光经 WDM合波后， 进入增益介质， 得到放大后的混合光； 在突发光放大器的输出端或者该系统的后段接收端可以经滤波器滤掉波长为 λ a 的辅助光后， 只输出放大后的信号光 λ s， 该突发光接收机接收该放大后 的信号光 s。
上述光通信系统， 由于辅助光一直存在， 突发光放大器一直工作在放大 状态， 增益介质中有泵浦光， 这些泵浦光可以直接对进入的信号光进行放大， 减少了突发光放大器打开的延迟时间， 提升了突发光放大器的瞬态响应速度， 避免产生浪涌现象， 避免产生信号失真， 因而突发光接收机可以接收到正确 的信号。 如图 9 所示， 为本发明通信系统实施例的结构示意图， 该系统包括： 传 输光纤 5， 用于传输光信号； 突发光发射机 2， 用于发射突发光； 非突发光源 4， 用于产生非突发光， 且所述非突发光的功率设定独立于所述突发光的功率 大小； 合波器 12， 用于接收通过传输光纤 5传输的突发光和来自非突发光源 4的非突发光， 将所述突发光和非突发光合波生成混合光； 光放大器 6， 通过 传输光纤 5与合波器 12相连， 用于接收并放大所述混合光； 突发光接收机 3， 通过传输光纤 5与光放大器 6相连， 用于接收来自所述光放大器 6的放大后 的突发光。
其中， 上述突发光可以为单波长光， 也可以为多波长光； 上述非突发光 源在系统工作时始终打开， 即系统在工作时， 非突发光一直存在， 该非突发 光是经过调制的信号光或不带业务的连续光； 上述非突发光的功率保持不变， 且非突发光的光功率小于光放大器最大输入光功率的一半。 且本实施例中使 用的光放大器为具有放大功能的普通光放大器。
另外， 上述合波器和非突发光源可以不位于所述光放大器中， 也可以任 一位于或均位于所述光放大器中， 若二者均位于该光放大器中时， 该光放大 器的结构就与本发明突发光放大器的结构相同， 在此不赘述。
进一步地， 上述光放大器可以根据混合光功率大小来控制光放大器中泵 浦光输出的泵浦光大小， 从而实现增益锁定功能， 即该放大器放大混合光后， 使得混合光增益保持锁定。 则光放大器具体可以包括如下结构： 耦合器、 光 探测器、 泵浦光驱动单元、 泵浦源和光波分复用器。 其中， 耦合器用于接收 来自所述合波器的混合光， 将混合光分成两部分， 一部分输出至光波分复用 器， 另一部分输出至光探测器； 光探测器用于根据接收到的部分混合光检测 混合光功率大小； 泵浦光驱动单元用于根据所述混合光功率产生泵浦源驱动 信号； 泵浦源用于在所述泵浦光驱动单元的驱动信号驱动下产生泵浦光； 光 波分复用器用于将所述泵浦源产生的泵浦光和所述合波器输出的混合光合波 后输入增益介质进行放大。 该通信系统中， 还可以包括滤波器， 过滤器与光放大器相连， 用于对放 大后的混合光进行过滤， 过滤掉其中的非突发光， 得到放大后的突发光。 或 者， 过滤非突发光的操作也可以由突发光接收机来完成。
上述通信系统， 由于非突发光一直存在， 光放大器一直工作在放大状态， 减少了光放大器打开的延迟时间， 提升了光放大器的瞬态响应速度， 避免产 生浪涌现象， 避免产生信号失真， 因而突发光接收机可以接收到正确的信号。
最后所应说明的是， 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制， 尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明， 本领域的普通技术人员应当 理解， 可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换， 而不脱离本发明技 术方案的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种突发光信号放大方法， 其特征在于包括：
合波器将辅助光和信号光合波成混合光后输出， 其中， 所述辅助光是非 突发光， 所述信号光是突发光， 且所述辅助光的功率设定独立于所述信号光 的功率大小；
产生泵浦光；
光波分复用器将所述泵浦光与所述混合光合波后输入增益介质， 得到放 大后的混合光。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的突发光信号放大方法， 其特征在于， 产生泵 浦光包括：
根据所述混合光功率大小获得控制信号驱动泵浦源来产生泵浦光。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的突发光信号放大方法， 其特征在于， 根据所 述混合光功率大小获得控制信号驱动泵浦源来产生泵浦光包括：
耦合器接收来自所述合波器的混合光；
光探测器根据耦合器输出的部分混合光检测混合光功率大小， 并根据所 述混合光功率大小进行信号处理后，获得控制信号驱动泵浦源来产生泵浦光。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的突发光信号放大方法， 其特征在于， 所述光 波分复用器将所述泵浦光与所述混合光合波后输入增益介质， 得到放大后的 混合光之后， 还包括：
过滤掉所述混合光中的辅助光， 得到放大后的信号光。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的突发光信号放大方法， 其特征在于： 所述辅助光为调制光或没有调制的连续光。
6、 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的突发光信号放大方法， 其特征在于： 所述辅助光的功率小于或等于设定最大输入光功率的二分之一。
7、 一种突发光放大器， 其特征在于包括： 辅助光源， 用于提供辅助光；
合波器， 用于将所述辅助光源提供的辅助光和信号光合波成混合光后输 出， 其中， 所述辅助光是非突发光， 所述信号光是突发光， 且所述辅助光的 功率设定独立于所述信号光的功率大小；
泵浦源， 用于产生泵浦光；
光波分复用器， 用于将所述泵浦源产生的泵浦光和所述合波器输出的混 合光合波后输入增益介质， 得到放大后的混合光。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的突发光放大器， 其特征在于还包括： 耦合器， 增设于所述合波器与所述光波分复用器之间， 用于接收来自所 述合波器的混合光， 将混合光分成两部分， 一部分输出至所述光波分复用器； 光探测器， 用于接收所述耦合器输出的另一部分混合光， 并根据这部分 混合光检测混合光功率大小；
泵浦光驱动单元， 用于^^据所述混合光功率产生泵浦源驱动信号， 驱动 所述泵浦源。
9、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的突发光放大器， 其特征在于：
所述辅助光源输出的辅助光的功率小于或等于所述突发光放大器的最大 输入光功率的二分之一。
10、 一种包含权利要求 7- 9任一所述突发光放大器的光通信系统， 其 特征在于还包括：
传输光纤， 用于传输光信号；
突发光发射机， 用于发射突发光， 通过传输光纤将突发光发往所述突发 光放大器；
突发光接收机， 通过传输光纤与所述突发光放大器相连， 用于接收经所 述突发光放大器放大后的光信号。
11、 一种通信系统， 其特征在于包括：
传输光纤， 用于传输光信号； 突发光发射机， 用于发射突发光；
非突发光源， 用于产生非突发光， 且所述非突发光的功率设定独立于所 述突发光的功率大小； 发光， 将所述突发光和非突发光合波生成混合光；
光放大器， 通过传输光纤与合波器相连， 用于接收并放大所述混合光； 突发光接收机， 通过传输光纤与光放大器相连， 用于接收来自所述光放 大器的放大后的突发光。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的通信系统， 其特征在于， 所述光放大器包 括：
耦合器， 用于接收来自所述合波器的混合光， 将混合光分成两部分， 一 部分输出至光波分复用器， 另一部分输出至光探测器；
光探测器， 用于根据接收到的部分混合光检测混合光功率大小； 泵浦光驱动单元， 用于根据所述混合光功率产生泵浦源驱动信号； 泵浦源， 用于在所述泵浦光驱动单元的驱动信号驱动下产生泵浦光； 光波分复用器， 用于将所述泵浦源产生的泵浦光和所述合波器输出的混 合光合波后输入增益介质进行放大。
13、 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的通信系统， 其特征在于：
所述合波器和非突发光源均与所述光放大器集成在一起； 或者
任一与所述光放大器集成在一起； 或者
均不与所述光放大器集成。
PCT/CN2010/072862 2009-05-22 2010-05-18 突发光信号放大方法、突发光放大器及系统和通信系统 WO2010133159A1 (zh)

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