WO2010113342A1 - 画像強調装置、画像強調方法、画像強調プログラム、および信号処理装置 - Google Patents
画像強調装置、画像強調方法、画像強調プログラム、および信号処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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- G06T5/73—Deblurring; Sharpening
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
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- H04N1/4092—Edge or detail enhancement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image enhancement device, an image enhancement method, and an image enhancement program for sharpening an image to improve image quality, and more generally, a signal processing device for enhancing signal quality, for example,
- the present invention relates to an image enhancement device suitable for sharpening moving images displayed in real time on a television (TV) receiver.
- TV television
- Image enhancement processing for sharpening images and improving image quality has been widely known.
- contour compensation is performed to make the rise and fall of a video signal corresponding to the contour portion of a displayed image sharp.
- this contour compensation from the video signal input to the display input by extracting the high frequency component of the video signal (luminance signal) input to the display of the television receiver, amplifying the high frequency component and adding it to the video signal. Furthermore, the deterioration of the frequency characteristic of the video signal processed by each circuit is improved, and the visual image quality is improved.
- the frequency component is higher than the Nyquist frequency, that is, higher than 1/2 of the sampling frequency of the target image.
- the frequency component cannot be used. For this reason, in order to improve the image quality, it has been impossible to recover frequency components exceeding the Nyquist frequency, or to sharpen an image using such frequency components. Therefore, for example, on a display in a high-definition television (HDTV: High Definition Television), that is, a full high-definition (1080 ⁇ 1920 pixel) television receiver, an image is displayed on an image signal whose resolution is less than HDTV. When doing so, there is a problem that the image is blurred. Since this blurred image has no frequency component in the vicinity of the Nyquist frequency, the frequency component to be amplified cannot be extracted even using the conventional image enhancement processing, and the image quality is not improved.
- HDTV High Definition Television
- Patent Document 1 Non-linear conversion circuit is used to suppress the occurrence of ringing at the edge of the pulse waveform or step waveform in the image signal for the purpose of compensating the high frequency signal without degrading the image quality
- Patent Document 2 An image quality compensation circuit has also been proposed (Patent Document 2).
- the high resolution technology using the anisotropic diffusion filter described in Non-Patent Document 2 requires complicated processing, and thus requires real-time processing such as video display on a television receiver or the like. In this case, it is difficult to apply, and the high resolution technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 requires a large-scale LSI to realize it, and causes a large increase in cost.
- the image processing device described in Patent Document 1 and the image quality compensation circuit described in Patent Document 2 are limited to the suppression of ringing due to signal clipping processing to be added to the image signal and high-frequency signal compensation. Only nonlinear processing is used for the purpose, and depending on the image quality compensation circuit and the image processing apparatus, the image is sufficiently sharpened when displaying the image subjected to the enlargement processing as described above. It is not possible.
- the present invention performs appropriate high-frequency compensation with a simple configuration to sufficiently sharpen an image not only for a still image but also for a moving image and when the image enlargement processing as described above is performed.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an image enhancement device and an image enhancement method that can improve image quality, and more generally to improve signal quality by performing appropriate high-frequency compensation with a simple configuration.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a signal processing device and the like that can be used.
- a first aspect of the present invention is an image enhancement device for sharpening an image represented by an input signal, A filter unit that generates a first signal by removing at least a direct-current component from among the frequency components included in an input signal representing an image; A non-linear processing unit that generates a second signal by performing non-linear processing on the first signal; An adder that adds the second signal to the input signal;
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: Generating a third signal that monotonically increases in a broad sense in a non-linear or positive / negative symmetry at least near 0 with respect to the first signal based on the first signal; The second signal is changed based on the third signal so that the sign of the first signal is substantially preserved in the second signal, and the second signal does not contain a direct current component. It is characterized by generating.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: Generating the third signal by raising the first signal to a power that is an even number greater than or equal to 2; The second signal is generated based on the third signal so that the sign of the first signal is substantially preserved in the second signal.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: A power calculator for generating the third signal by raising the first signal to a power that is an even number of 2 or more; A first differentiator that generates a fourth signal by differentiating the third signal; A second differentiator that generates a fifth signal by differentiating the input signal; And a multiplier for generating the second signal based on a product of the fourth signal and the fifth signal.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: A power calculator for generating the third signal by raising the first signal to a power that is an even number of 2 or more; Code conversion that inverts the sign of a part of the third signal that is different from the first signal based on the first signal so that the second signal is generated based on the third signal And a vessel.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: A power calculator for generating the third signal by raising the first signal to a power that is an even number of 2 or more; A filter that generates a fourth signal by removing a DC component of the third signal; Code conversion that inverts the sign of the portion of the fourth signal that is different from the first signal based on the first signal so that the second signal is generated based on the fourth signal And a vessel.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: Generating a signal corresponding to an absolute value of the first signal as the third signal; The second signal is generated based on the third signal so that the sign of the first signal is substantially preserved in the second signal.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention is the sixth aspect of the present invention
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: An absolute value processor for generating a signal corresponding to the absolute value of the first signal as the third signal; A first differentiator that generates a fourth signal by differentiating the third signal; A second differentiator that generates a fifth signal by differentiating the input signal; And a multiplier for generating the second signal based on a product of the fourth signal and the fifth signal.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: An absolute value processor for generating a signal corresponding to the absolute value of the first signal as the third signal; A filter that generates a fourth signal by removing a DC component of the third signal; Code conversion that inverts the sign of the portion of the fourth signal that is different from the first signal based on the first signal so that the second signal is generated based on the fourth signal And a vessel.
- the nonlinear processing unit generates the third signal by raising the first signal with an odd number of 3 or more as a power, and generates the second signal based on the third signal. It is characterized by.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: A power calculator that generates the third signal by raising the first signal to an odd power of 3 or more, And an adjuster that generates the second signal by adjusting an amplitude of the third signal.
- the non-linear processing unit generates the third signal so that a section where the absolute value of the third signal is larger than the absolute value of the first signal appears at least in the vicinity of 0. .
- the nonlinear processing unit converts the first signal into a monotonically increasing signal in a broad sense in a nonlinear or positive / negative symmetric manner within a range of at least 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the maximum amplitude of the first signal with respect to the first signal. Based on the above, the third signal is generated.
- the filter unit includes a high-pass digital filter having three or more taps.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes: A rounding processor that changes a signal value of a portion of the first signal whose absolute value is smaller than a predetermined lower limit value to 0; And a limiter that changes an absolute value of a signal value of a portion of the first signal whose absolute value is larger than a predetermined upper limit value to a predetermined value equal to or lower than the upper limit value.
- the nonlinear processing unit includes an adjuster for adjusting the amplitude of the second signal.
- a signal from which at least a direct current component has been removed from an input signal is generated as a first signal, and a second signal is generated by performing nonlinear processing on the first signal.
- a third signal that monotonously increases in a broad sense in a non-linear or positive / negative symmetry at least near 0 with respect to the first signal is generated, and a second signal is generated based on the third signal.
- the sign of the first signal is substantially preserved, and the second signal does not include a DC component.
- Such a second signal is added to the input signal.
- the signal obtained by this addition that is, the output signal of the image enhancement device
- the Nyquist corresponding to the sampling frequency fs when the input signal is discretized.
- a frequency component higher than the frequency fs / 2 is included.
- the image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration, not only a still image but also a moving image displayed in real time can improve the image quality without causing a large cost increase.
- the image after the enlargement process is sufficiently sharpened as compared with a conventional image enhancement apparatus that cannot compensate for a high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2. Image quality can be greatly improved.
- the second sign so that the sign of the first signal is substantially preserved. Since a signal is generated and such a second signal is added to the input signal, it is possible to improve the image quality larger than the conventional image enhancement apparatus based on linear processing. In addition, since the image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration, not only a still image but also a moving image displayed in real time can improve the image quality without causing a large cost increase. Furthermore, when the image signal after the image enlargement process is used as an input signal, a great effect can be obtained in improving the image quality by sharpening the image as compared with the conventional image enhancement device.
- the third signal is generated by raising the first signal using an even number of 2 or more as a power index, and the direct current component is differentiated by differentiating the third signal.
- the removed fourth signal is generated, and the fifth signal obtained by differentiating the input signal is multiplied by the fourth signal, so that the second signal is stored as the signal in which the sign of the first signal is stored.
- a signal is generated.
- the second signal to be added to the input signal as a compensation signal is based on the power of the first signal having an even number of 2 or more as a power, and the sign of the first signal is preserved. Therefore, the same effect as in the second aspect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the third signal is generated by raising the first signal using an even number of 2 or more as a power index, and the second signal is generated based on the third signal.
- the sign of the third signal that is different from the first signal in the positive / negative is inverted based on the first signal.
- the second signal to be added to the input signal is generated based on the power of the first signal with an even number equal to or greater than 2 as the exponent, so that the sign of the first signal is preserved. Therefore, the same effect as the second aspect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the third signal is generated by raising the first signal using an even number of 2 or more as a power index, and the DC component of the third signal is removed.
- a fourth signal is generated.
- the positive / negative of the portion of the fourth signal that differs from the first signal in the fourth signal is inverted based on the first signal so that the second signal is generated based on the fourth signal.
- the second signal to be added to the input signal is generated based on the power of the first signal with an even number equal to or greater than 2 as the exponent, so that the sign of the first signal is preserved. Therefore, the same effect as the second aspect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the second signal is generated based on the signal after the direct current component is removed from the third signal, the degree of effect is greater than in the fourth aspect of the present invention, and the image is sharpened. can do.
- the second signal since the second signal is generated based on the absolute value of the first signal, the second signal has a harmonic component more than twice the frequency component of the input signal. Including.
- the second signal is generated so that the sign of the first signal is preserved.
- the image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration, not only a still image but also a moving image displayed in real time can improve the image quality without causing a large cost increase.
- the image signal after the image enlargement process is used as an input signal, a great effect can be obtained in improving the image quality by sharpening the image as compared with the conventional image enhancement device.
- a signal corresponding to the absolute value of the first signal is generated as a third signal, and the DC component is removed by differentiating the third signal.
- a signal is generated, and a fifth signal obtained by differentiating the input signal is multiplied by the fourth signal, whereby a second signal is generated as a signal in which the sign of the first signal is stored.
- the second signal to be added to the input signal is generated based on the absolute value of the first signal so that the sign of the first signal is preserved.
- a signal corresponding to the absolute value of the first signal is generated as the third signal, and the fourth signal is obtained by removing the DC component of the third signal. Generated. Then, the positive / negative of the portion of the fourth signal that differs from the first signal in the fourth signal is inverted based on the first signal so that the second signal is generated based on the fourth signal. In this way, the second signal to be added to the input signal is generated based on the absolute value of the first signal so that the sign of the first signal is preserved. The same effect as in the sixth aspect can be obtained.
- a second signal is generated based on the power of the first signal with an odd number of 3 or more being a power exponent, and the second signal is a signal of the first signal. Positive and negative are preserved.
- the second signal to be added to the input signal is generated based on the power of the first signal with an odd number of 3 or more as a power, and the process for preserving the positive / negative of the first signal Therefore, the image quality can be improved with a simpler configuration than that of the conventional image enhancement apparatus based on linear processing. Further, since the image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simpler configuration, the image quality of the moving image displayed in real time as well as the still image can be improved without causing a significant increase in cost. Furthermore, when the image signal after the image enlargement process is used as an input signal, a great effect can be obtained in improving the image quality by sharpening the image as compared with the conventional image enhancement device.
- a third signal is generated by raising the first signal with an odd number of 3 or more as a power index, and the amplitude of the third signal is adjusted by adjusting the amplitude of the third signal.
- Two signals are generated. For this reason, even if the third signal has an excessive amplitude (signal level) due to the power of the first signal, the second signal having an appropriate amplitude is added to the input signal. The image can be sharpened well.
- the third signal since a section in which the absolute value of the third signal is larger than the absolute value of the first signal appears in the vicinity of at least 0, the third signal corresponding to the section By adding the second signal based on the signal to the input signal, the image represented by the input signal can be sufficiently sharpened.
- the third signal is nonlinear or positive-negative symmetric in the range where the third signal is at least 1/2 of the maximum amplitude of the first signal with respect to the first signal. Since it monotonously increases, a compensation signal that sufficiently includes the frequency component to be compensated is generated as the second signal. By adding this second signal to the input signal, the image represented by the input signal can be sufficiently sharpened.
- the filter unit is composed of a high-pass digital filter having three or more taps, so that an appropriate first signal including a frequency component to be compensated is generated, By adding the second signal based on the first signal to the input signal, the image represented by the input signal can be sharpened well.
- the noise included in the input signal is the first signal.
- the absolute value of the signal value of the portion of the first signal whose absolute value is larger than the predetermined upper limit value is changed to a predetermined value equal to or lower than the upper limit value, it already has sufficient energy as a high frequency component.
- the signal component is not amplified more than necessary by non-linear processing on the first signal. Therefore, the image represented by the input signal can be sharpened well by adding the second signal based on the first signal adjusted in this way to the input signal.
- the input signal is appropriately compensated by adjusting the amplitude of the second signal to be added to the input signal as a compensation signal. Can be sharpened well.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an image enhancement device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the high pass filter (high-pass filter) in the said 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the other structural example of the high pass filter in the said 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the differentiator in the said 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a signal waveform diagram (A to E) for explaining the operation of the conventional image enhancing apparatus.
- FIG. 6 is a signal waveform diagram (A to F) for explaining the operation of the image enhancing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure (A, B) which shows the frequency spectrum for demonstrating operation
- FIG. 10 is a signal waveform diagram (A to D) for explaining the operation of the image enhancing apparatus according to the third embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the image enhancement apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a signal waveform diagram (A to E) for explaining the operation of the image enhancing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a signal waveform diagram (A to F) for explaining the operation of the image enhancing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the image enhancement apparatus which concerns on the 6th Embodiment of this invention.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the image enhancement apparatus which concerns on the 7th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the target image which is an image obtained by cutting out a part after performing the expansion process to the said original image. It is a figure which shows the image (B) after performing the process by the conventional image enhancement apparatus with respect to the said target image with the said target image (A).
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the personal computer used in order to implement
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image enhancement device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the image enhancement apparatus 100 performs processing for sharpening an image represented by an input image signal Sin (hereinafter referred to as “image enhancement processing” or simply “
- image enhancement processing hereinafter referred to as “image enhancement processing” or simply “
- the high-pass filter hereinafter referred to as “high-pass filter” or “HPF”
- HPF high-pass filter
- the non-linear processing unit 102 includes: It comprises a square calculator 12, a first differentiator 13, a second differentiator 14, and a multiplier 15.
- the input image signal Sin is given to the HPF 11, the second differentiator 14 and the adder 16.
- the image represented by the input image signal Sin may be a still image or a moving image.
- the moving image is, for example, a standard definition television (SDTV: Standard Definition). It may be a moving image displayed in real time on a television (HDTV) or a high definition television (HDTV) receiver. This also applies to other embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the HPF 11.
- the HPF includes m ⁇ 1 unit delay elements 111, 112,..., 11 (m ⁇ 1), m multipliers 121, 122,.
- An m-tap (m is 3 or more) transversal type digital filter 110 composed of an adder 131 is provided, and in addition, a rounding processor 132 and a limiter 133 are provided.
- the high frequency component signal Si1 obtained in this way is output from the HPF 11 as the first signal S1 via the rounding processor 132 and the limiter 133.
- the rounding processor 132 is provided so as not to amplify noise in the subsequent nonlinear processing unit 102, and rounds a signal value equal to or lower than a predetermined lower limit value in the high frequency component signal Si1 to zero.
- a signal value of 2 or less is rounded to 0.
- the limiter 133 is provided in order to prevent a signal having sufficient energy as a high-frequency component from being amplified more than necessary in the subsequent non-linear processing unit 102, and a signal value exceeding a predetermined upper limit value is provided.
- the value is changed to a predetermined value equal to or lower than the upper limit value (for example, 0 or the upper limit value).
- the upper limit value for example, 0 or the upper limit value.
- the digital filter 110 as the high-pass filter shown in FIG. 2 may be realized by the configuration shown in FIG. 3 using the low-pass filter (hereinafter referred to as “LPF”) 1011 and the subtractor 1012.
- LPF low-pass filter
- the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11 is input to the square calculator 12 of the nonlinear processing unit 102.
- the square signal S12 is input to the first differentiator 13, and the differentiator 13 generates the first differential signal S13 by differentiating the square signal S12.
- the first differential signal S13 is input to the multiplier 15.
- the first differentiator 13 since the square signal S12 is a digital signal and is discretized, the first differentiator 13 generates the first differential signal S13 by a circuit for calculating a backward difference as shown in FIG. 4, for example.
- a differentiator is realized by the unit delay element 1021 and the subtractor 1022, and the digital signal Sb is a signal obtained by differentiating the digital signal Sa.
- the second differentiator 14 of the nonlinear processing unit 102 generates the second differential signal S14 by differentiating the input image signal Sin, and the second differential signal S14 is also input to the multiplier 15.
- the 2nd differentiator 14 is also implement
- the adder 16 also includes a delay element for adjusting the timing between the input image signal Sin and the second signal S2, as necessary.
- an adjuster for adjusting the level (amplitude) of the second signal S2 as the compensation signal at least one of a gain adjuster and a limiter is provided inside the adder 16 or between the multiplier 15 and the adder 16. It is preferable to provide in.
- the gain adjuster adjusts the level of the signal by multiplying the signal input thereto by a constant ⁇ satisfying 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1, and the limiter is a signal that is input to the gain adjuster.
- the level of the signal is adjusted by changing the absolute value of the signal value of the portion where the absolute value is larger than the predetermined upper limit value to the upper limit value (not changing the positive or negative value).
- the output image signal Sout generated by the adder 16 is output from the image enhancement device 100 as an image signal representing an image obtained by sharpening the image represented by the input image signal Sin.
- the operation of the image enhancement apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment configured as described above changes the level of the image signal, that is, the pixel value in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 5B in the input image signal Sin. Description will be made by paying attention to the processing for the portion corresponding to the edge to be performed.
- FIG. 5 shows the characteristics of hardware for image signal processing and transmission.
- the signal is as shown in (B).
- FIG. 5 shows the characteristics of hardware for image signal processing and transmission.
- the signal is as shown in (B).
- FIG. 5 shows the characteristics of hardware for image signal processing and transmission.
- the signal is as shown in (B).
- FIG. 5D By adding the area signal to the input image signal, a signal as shown in FIG. 5D is generated as an output image signal.
- the output image signal has a sharp rise at the edge portion compared to the input image signal in FIG. 5B, and the image is sharpened.
- the rise of the edge portion in the output image signal is less steep than the output image signal (FIG. 5E) of this embodiment described below.
- an input image signal Sin (FIG. 6A) similar to the input image signal of FIG. 5B
- a signal equivalent to the signal of FIG. Generated as signal S1.
- a square signal S12 as shown in FIG. 6 (B) is generated from the first signal S1 by the square calculator 12, and the first differentiator 13 from the square signal S12 as shown in FIG. 6 (C).
- a first differential signal S13 is generated. The direct current component is removed by the differentiation of the square signal S12 at this time.
- the second differentiator 14 as shown in FIG. 6D is generated from the input image signal Sin by the second differentiator 14.
- a second signal S2 as shown in FIG. 6 (E) is generated by the multiplier 15 from the second differential signal S14 and the first differential signal S13.
- the second signal S2 is added to the input image signal Sin by the adder 16 as a compensation signal, thereby generating an output image signal Sout as shown in FIG.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is steeper than the rising edge (FIG. 5D) of the image output signal of the conventional image enhancement apparatus, and thus sharper than in the past. An image is obtained.
- the second signal S2 added to the input image signal Sin as the compensation signal is subjected to nonlinear processing on the first signal S1 (FIG. 5C) as the high frequency signal output from the HPF 11. It is a signal obtained by applying. Further, the first differentiator 13 makes the second signal S2 a signal that does not contain a DC component. Further, by multiplying the first differential signal S13 by the second differential signal S14 obtained by the second differentiator 14, the first signal (FIG. 5C) in the second signal S2 (FIG. 6E). ) Is substantially preserved. That is, the positive part in the first signal does not become negative in the second signal S2, and the negative part in the first signal does not become positive in the second signal S2.
- sufficient image sharpening is possible based on the nonlinearity of processing for the first signal S1 and the positive and negative storability of the first signal S1 (see FIG. 6F).
- the sign of the first signal S1 is not completely preserved in the second signal S2 (FIG. 6E). This is of a level that does not substantially hinder image sharpening by adding the second signal S2 to the input image signal Sin (see FIG. 6F).
- FIG. 7A shows a frequency spectrum of a digital image signal whose sampling frequency is fs.
- FIG. 7B shows an enhancement for sharpening the digital image signal by a conventional image enhancement apparatus.
- image signal after conventional enhancement processing The frequency spectrum of a digital image signal after processing (hereinafter referred to as “image signal after conventional enhancement processing”) is shown.
- image signal after conventional enhancement processing As described above, the high-frequency component of the input image signal is added by the enhancement processing for sharpening.
- the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 as shown in FIG. Nearby frequency components are increasing.
- the sampling frequency Fbs after the image enlarging process is twice the sampling frequency fs.
- Fsb 2 ⁇ fs
- the frequency spectrum after the image enlargement process is as shown in FIG.
- the enhancement processing for sharpening is performed on the image signal after the image enlargement processing by the conventional image enhancement device, the high frequency component in the image signal after the image enlargement processing, that is, the vicinity of the new Nyquist frequency Fbs / 2 are not added (see FIG. 8A).
- the high-frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 such as the harmonic component of the frequency component of the input image signal Sin is generated by the square calculator 12 in the nonlinear processing unit 102, Using this high frequency component, the input image signal Sin is processed for sharpening.
- the processing of the square calculator 12 the processing of the square calculator 12 .
- the second signal S2 including a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 corresponding to the original sampling frequency fs is generated as a compensation signal, and the second signal S2 is added to the input image signal Sin.
- the frequency spectrum of the output image signal Sout in the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. This makes it possible to perform appropriate high-frequency compensation for the image signal after the enlargement process as compared with the conventional image enhancement apparatus, and the image after the enlargement process can be sufficiently sharpened.
- N is the order of the highest harmonic that does not exceed the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 corresponding to the sampling frequency fs (before image enlargement processing). That is, N ⁇ / (2 ⁇ ) ⁇ fs / 2 ⁇ (N + 1) ⁇ / (2 ⁇ ) It is.
- the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11 includes the high-frequency component of the signal g (x) or the signal g (x), and the square signal S12 output from the square calculator 12 is the first signal S1. Is a signal obtained by squaring. Therefore, when (g (x)) 2 is obtained, each term in (g (x)) 2 is expressed by one of the following equations from the above equation (2).
- the square signal S12 also includes a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2, such as a harmonic component having a frequency 2N ⁇ / (2 ⁇ ).
- a DC component may be generated in the terms shown in the above formulas (4a) and (4c).
- the direct current component is removed by the first differentiator 13 (see FIG. 1).
- the image signal after the image enlargement process for up-converting the digital image signal and doubling the number of pixels in the horizontal direction as described above is input to the image enhancement apparatus 100 of the present embodiment as the input image signal Sin.
- the frequency spectrum of the output image signal Sout is based on the processing of the square calculator 12 and the second signal S2 including a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 before the image enlargement processing is used as a compensation signal.
- the second signal S2 is generated and added to the input image signal Sin.
- the frequency spectrum of the output image signal Sout is as shown in FIG. 8B, and the image after the enlargement process can be sufficiently sharpened as compared with the conventional image enhancement device.
- the first signal S1 to be input to the nonlinear processing unit 102 is a signal obtained by removing a DC component from the input image signal Sin.
- the HPF 11 may be replaced with another filter that removes at least a DC component from the frequency components included in the input image signal Sin.
- the square signal S12 is generated by the process in the square calculator 12 for the first signal S1 as the high frequency component extracted from the input image signal Sin by the HPF 11, and the 2 A second signal S2 generated so as to preserve the sign of the first signal S1 based on the square signal S12 is added to the input image signal Sin as a compensation signal.
- the image is sufficiently sharpened, and the image quality can be greatly improved as compared with the conventional image enhancement device.
- the image enhancement apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment can be realized with a simple configuration as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the image enhancement apparatus 100 can be used as a high-definition television (HDTV) or a standard definition television (SDTV).
- HDTV high-definition television
- SDTV standard definition television
- the square calculator 12 and the multiplier 15 in the nonlinear processing unit 102 in this embodiment may be realized as a hardware multiplier, but the number of bits of the input image signal Sin and the like is not large (for example,
- the square computing unit 12 and the multiplier 15 can be realized as a ROM (Read Only Memory) table.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- the present embodiment can also compensate for a high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 that could not be compensated by the conventional image enhancement device, the image quality represented by the sharpening of the image represented by the enlarged image signal is improved. Especially effective in improvement. For example, when displaying an image by performing an enlargement process on an image signal of a standard definition television (SDTV) on a display of a high definition television (HDTV) receiver, the present embodiment displays the image in real time. This has a great effect in that the moving image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration.
- SDTV standard definition television
- HDTV high definition television
- 4k display a display having a pixel number of about 4000 ⁇ 2000 (hereinafter referred to as “4k display”), which is larger than the number of pixels of HDTV, and the corresponding technology for television broadcasting are being developed. Even when the signal is up-converted and displayed on the 4k display, the present embodiment has a great effect in the same way.
- the input image signal Sin is constituted by a data string (series of pixel values) representing a horizontal pixel string in an image to be processed by the image enhancement apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- the second differentiators 13 and 14 are described as performing filter processing and differentiation processing on changes in the horizontal frequency and the pixel value in the horizontal direction in the image. That is, in the above embodiment, it can be said that image enhancement processing is performed in the horizontal direction of the image.
- the image enhancement apparatus includes a horizontal direction processing unit 1100 for horizontal image enhancement processing and a vertical direction processing unit 1200 for vertical image enhancement processing.
- an input image signal SI representing an image to be processed is input to the horizontal direction processing unit 1100, an output signal from the horizontal direction processing unit 1100 is input to the vertical direction processing unit 1200, and the vertical direction processing unit 1200 Is the output image signal SO of the image enhancement apparatus.
- the front-rear relationship between the horizontal direction processing unit 1100 and the vertical direction processing unit 1200 is switched, the input image signal SI is input to the vertical direction processing unit 1200, and the output signal of the vertical direction processing unit 1200 is processed in the horizontal direction. It may be input to the unit 1100.
- the vertical direction processing unit 1200 in the above configuration is the same as that of the present embodiment if the input image signal SI is configured by a data sequence (series of pixel values) representing a vertical pixel sequence in an image to be processed.
- the input image signal SI input image signal SI constituted by a data string representing a pixel line in the horizontal direction
- the HPF 11 is configured as shown in FIG.
- the containers 13 and 14 may be configured as shown in FIG. Whereas the configuration of FIG. 2 extracts high frequency components from the spatial frequency components in the horizontal direction of the image (at least the DC component is removed), the configuration of FIG.
- the unit delay elements 111 to 11m in the configuration of FIG. 2 are replaced with line memories (LM) 111B to 11 (m ⁇ 1) B corresponding to delay elements for one horizontal period, respectively.
- LM line memories
- the configuration of FIG. 10 is the same as the configuration of FIG. 2 except for this point, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- 11 is the same as the configuration in FIG. 4 except that the unit delay element 1021 in the configuration in FIG. 4 is replaced with a line memory (LM) 1021B corresponding to a delay element for one horizontal period.
- the first differentiator 13 having the configuration shown in FIG. 4 is configured such that the second signal S2 does not include a direct current component with respect to the spatial frequency in the horizontal direction of the image.
- the device 13 prevents the second signal S2 from including a DC component for the spatial frequency in the vertical direction of the image.
- the image enhancement apparatus includes a time direction processing unit 1300 in addition to the horizontal direction processing unit 1100 and the vertical direction processing unit 1200 described above.
- the input image signal SI similar to that in the above embodiment is used, and in the above embodiment, the HPF 11 is configured as shown in FIG. 13, and the first and second differentiators 13 and 14 are configured as shown in FIG.
- the time direction processing unit 1300 can be realized.
- FIG. 14 is the same as the configuration of FIG. 4 except that the unit delay element 1021 in the configuration of FIG. 4 is replaced with a frame memory (FM) 1021C corresponding to a delay element for one frame period.
- the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the HPF 11C having the configuration shown in FIG. 13 extracts a high frequency component (at least a DC component is removed) from the frequency components in the time direction of the image, and the first differentiator 13 having the configuration shown in FIG. Is not included in the second signal S2.
- a square calculator 12 is provided to perform a nonlinear process on the first signal S1, but instead of the square calculator 12, a fourth power calculation is performed by squaring the first signal S1.
- a power calculator may be used, and more generally, a power calculator that generates a signal corresponding to the power of the first signal S1 having an even number of 2 or more as a power exponent may be used.
- one or both of the first differentiator 13 and the second differentiator 14 in the present embodiment may be replaced with another high pass filter (HPF).
- HPF high pass filter
- a differentiator can be regarded as a kind of high-pass filter.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image enhancement device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the image enhancement apparatus 200 is an apparatus that performs image enhancement processing for sharpening an image represented by an input image signal Sin input from the outside as a digital signal, and performs nonlinear processing with the HPF 11.
- the nonlinear processing unit 202 includes an absolute value processor 22 instead of the square calculator 12 in the first embodiment. Since other parts in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 4), the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11 is input to the absolute value processor 22 of the nonlinear processor 202.
- the absolute value processor 22 generates a signal corresponding to the absolute value of the first signal S1 as the absolute value signal S22. That is, when the data strings constituting the first signal S1 are X1, X2, X3,...,
- the absolute value signal S22 is a digital signal constituted by the data strings
- the absolute value signal S22 is input to the first differentiator 13, and the differentiator 13 generates the first differential signal S23 by differentiating the absolute value signal S22.
- the first differential signal S23 is input to the multiplier 15.
- the second differentiator 14 of the nonlinear processing unit 202 generates the second differential signal S14 by differentiating the input image signal Sin.
- the second differential signal S14 is also input to the multiplier 15.
- the multiplier 15 generates the second signal S2 by multiplying the first differential signal S23 and the second differential signal S14.
- the second signal S2 is output from the nonlinear processing unit 102 and input to the adder 16.
- the adder 16 adds the second signal S2 as a compensation signal for image sharpening to the input image signal Sin to generate an output image signal Sout.
- the operation of the image enhancement apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment configured as described above is performed in such a manner that the level (pixel value) of the image signal in the horizontal direction of the input image signal Sin is as shown in FIG. Description will be made by paying attention to processing for a portion corresponding to a changing edge.
- This embodiment also performs basically the same operation as the operation of the first embodiment. That is, when an input image signal Sin indicating a portion corresponding to an edge as shown in FIG. 6A is input to the image enhancement apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment, a signal as shown in FIG. 1 signal S1 is generated.
- the first signal S ⁇ b> 1 is input to the absolute value processor 22 in the nonlinear processor 102.
- the absolute value processor 22 generates an absolute value signal S22 similar to the signal S12 shown in FIG. 6B from the first signal S1 as shown in FIG. 5C. That is, the absolute value processor 22 is a digital composed of data strings
- the square signal S12 is a digital signal composed of data strings X1 2 , X2 2 , X3 2 ,. Therefore, the square signal S12 and the absolute value signal S22 have different signal levels, but the overall signal waveform has the same shape (FIG. 6B).
- the first differential signal S23 similar to the first differential signal S13 as shown in FIG. 6C is generated from the absolute value signal S22 by the first differentiator 13.
- the direct current component is removed by differentiation of the absolute value S22 at this time.
- the second differentiator 14 as shown in FIG. 6D is generated from the input image signal Sin by the second differentiator 14.
- a second signal S2 as shown in FIG. 6E is generated by the multiplier 15 from the second differential signal S14 and the first differential signal S23.
- the second signal S2 is added to the input image signal Sin by the adder 16 as a compensation signal, thereby generating an output image signal Sout as shown in FIG.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is steeper than the rising edge (FIG. 5D) of the image output signal of the conventional image enhancement apparatus.
- the second signal S2 output as the compensation signal from the nonlinear processing unit 102 including the absolute value processor 22 is the first signal S1 as the high-frequency signal output from the HPF 11 (FIG. 5 ( C)) is a signal obtained by performing nonlinear processing.
- the first differentiator 13 makes the second signal S2 a signal that does not contain a DC component.
- the first differential signal S23 by multiplying the first differential signal S23 by the second differential signal S14 obtained by the second differentiator 14, the first signal (FIG. 5C) in the second signal S2 (FIG. 6E). ) Is substantially preserved.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is the image output of the conventional image enhancement device. It becomes steeper than the rising edge of the signal edge (FIG. 5D) (FIG. 6F), and a sharper image than before is obtained.
- the non-linearity of the processing with respect to the first signal S1 is based on the absolute value processor 22, and the input image signal Sin is obtained by applying the processing by the absolute value processor 22 to the first signal S1.
- a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 is generated. That is, when the absolute value
- the present embodiment similar to the first embodiment, it is possible to improve the image quality larger than the conventional image enhancement apparatus based on linear processing.
- the image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration as shown in FIG. 15, not only a still image but also a moving image displayed in real time can improve the image quality without causing a significant increase in cost. Can do.
- the image signal after the image enlargement process is used as the input image signal Sin, the image after the enlargement process is sufficiently sharper than a conventional image enhancement apparatus that cannot compensate for a high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2. Image quality can be greatly improved.
- the image enhancement apparatus 200 includes a horizontal direction processing unit 1100 for horizontal image enhancement processing and a vertical direction processing unit 1200 for vertical image enhancement processing. (See FIGS. 9 to 11). This also applies to other embodiments described later.
- the image enhancement apparatus 200 includes a time direction processing unit 1300 in addition to the horizontal direction processing unit 1100 and the vertical direction processing unit 1200 (see FIGS. 12 to 14). . This also applies to other embodiments described later.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image enhancement device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the image enhancement apparatus 300 is an apparatus that performs image enhancement processing for sharpening an image represented by an input image signal Sin input from the outside as a digital signal, and performs nonlinear processing with the HPF 11.
- the non-linear processing unit 302 includes a cube calculator 32 and a limiter 33. Since parts other than the nonlinear processing unit 302 in the configuration of the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 4), the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals for detailed description. Omitted.
- the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11 is input to the cube calculator 32 of the nonlinear processing unit 302.
- the cube signal S32 is input to the limiter 33.
- the limiter 33 functions as an adjuster of the amplitude (signal level) of the cube signal S32. Specifically, the gain of the level of the signal is adjusted by multiplying the cube signal S32 by a constant ⁇ satisfying 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1, and the amplitude after the gain adjustment of the cube signal S32 is a predetermined upper limit value. Clip processing is performed as follows. For example, when the absolute value of the signal value after gain adjustment of the cube signal S32 exceeds 32, the output signal of the limiter 33 is set to ⁇ 32 according to the sign. The output signal of the limiter 33 is output from the nonlinear processing unit 302 as the second signal S2 and input to the adder 16.
- the adder 16 adds the second signal S2 as a compensation signal for image sharpening to the input image signal Sin to generate an output image signal Sout.
- the operation of the image enhancement apparatus 300 according to the present embodiment configured as described above is performed with the level (pixel value) of the image signal in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 17A of the input image signal Sin. Description will be made by paying attention to processing for a portion corresponding to a changing edge.
- the first signal S ⁇ b> 1 is input to the cube calculator 32 in the nonlinear processor 102.
- the cube calculator 32 generates a cube signal S32 as shown in FIG. 17C from the first signal S1.
- the data string constituting the first signal S1 is X1, X2, X3,...
- the cube signal S32 is a digital signal constituted by the data strings X1 3 , X2 3 , X3 3 ,. is there. Therefore, the positive / negative in the first signal S1 is stored in the cube signal S32.
- the third power signal S32 is output from the nonlinear processing unit 302 as the second signal S2 after the amplitude is adjusted by the gain adjustment and the clip processing in the limiter 33.
- the second signal S2 is added as a compensation signal to the input image signal Sin by the adder 16 to generate an output image signal Sout as shown in FIG.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is steeper than the rising edge (FIG. 5D) of the image output signal of the conventional image enhancement apparatus.
- the second signal S2 added to the input image signal Sin as a compensation signal is subjected to nonlinear processing on the first signal S1 (FIG. 17B) as a high frequency signal output from the HPF 11. It is a signal obtained by applying. That is, the second signal S2 is generated from the first signal S1 by the cube computing unit 32, and unlike the nonlinear processing based on the square computing unit 12, the first signal in the second signal S2 The sign of S1 is stored.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is the image output of the conventional image enhancement device. It becomes steeper than the rising edge of the signal edge (FIG. 5D) (FIG. 17D), and a sharper image than before can be obtained.
- the non-linearity of processing for the first signal S1 is based on the cube calculator 32. That is, also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11 is the signal g (x) or the signal g (x) represented by the above-described equation (2).
- the cube signal S32 that includes the components and is output from the cube calculator 32 is a signal obtained by squaring the first signal S1. Therefore, when (g (x)) 3 is obtained, each term in this (g (x)) 3 is expressed by one of the following equations from Equation (2).
- (g (x)) 3 includes a frequency component that is 3N times the basic angular frequency ⁇ and a frequency component that is ⁇ 3N times. By rewriting other terms in (g (x)) 3 by the trigonometric formula, (g (x)) 3 includes various frequency components from ⁇ 3N to 3N times the basic angular frequency ⁇ . I understand that.
- (g (x)) 3 includes high frequency components up to three times the frequency component included in the first signal S1.
- the cube signal S32 also includes a frequency component sufficiently higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2, such as a frequency component three times the frequency component included in the first signal S1. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to improve the image quality larger than the conventional image enhancement device based on linear processing. Further, since the image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration as shown in FIG. 16, not only a still image but also a moving image displayed in real time can improve the image quality without causing a significant increase in cost. Can do.
- the image after the enlargement process is sufficiently sharpened as compared with the conventional image enhancement apparatus that cannot compensate the high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2. Image quality can be greatly improved.
- the cube calculator 32 is provided to perform nonlinear processing on the first signal S1, but instead of the cube calculator 32, a cube operation that raises the first signal S1 to the fifth power.
- a power calculator may be used, and more generally, a power calculator that generates a signal corresponding to the power of the first signal S1 with an odd number of 3 or more as a power exponent may be used.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image enhancement device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the image enhancement apparatus 400 is an apparatus that performs image enhancement processing for sharpening an image represented by an input image signal Sin input from the outside as a digital signal, and performs nonlinear processing with the HPF 11.
- the non-linear processing unit 402 includes a square calculator 12, a code converter 43, and a limiter 33. Portions other than the nonlinear processing unit 402 in the configuration of the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 4).
- the square calculator 12 and the limiter 33 in the nonlinear processing unit 402 are the same as the square calculator 12 in the first embodiment and the limiter 33 in the third embodiment, respectively.
- the same constituent elements as those in the first or third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11 is input to the square calculator 12 of the nonlinear processing unit 402.
- the square calculator 12 generates a square signal S12 by squaring the first signal S1.
- the square signal S12 is input to the code converter 43.
- the code converter 43 also receives the first signal S1.
- the code converter 43 performs code conversion processing for restoring the code of the first signal S1 in the square signal S12 based on the code bit information of the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11. That is, the sign converter 43 maintains the sign of the same part as the first signal S1 in the square signal S12 as it is, and inverts the sign of the part of the square signal S12 in which the sign is different from the first signal.
- the signal obtained by the code converter 43 is input to the limiter 33 as a code conversion signal S43.
- the code conversion signal S43 is output from the nonlinear processing unit 402 as the second signal S2 after the amplitude is adjusted by the limiter 33 in the same manner as the limiter 33 of the third embodiment.
- the second signal S2 is input to the adder 16 as a compensation signal.
- the adder 16 adds the second signal S2 as a compensation signal for image sharpening to the input image signal Sin to generate an output image signal Sout.
- an input image signal Sin indicating a portion corresponding to an edge as shown in FIG. 20A is input to the image enhancement apparatus 400 according to the present embodiment, a signal as shown in FIG. Generated as S1.
- the first signal S ⁇ b> 1 is input to the square calculator 12 in the nonlinear processor 402.
- the square calculator 12 generates a square signal S12 as shown in FIG. 20C from the first signal S1.
- the square signal S12 is converted by the code converter 43 into a code conversion signal S43 as shown in FIG.
- this code conversion signal S43 the sign of the first signal S1 is stored, and this code conversion signal S43 is encoded after the first signal S1 (FIG. 20C) that does not contain a DC component is squared. Since it is obtained by performing the conversion process, it does not contain a direct current component (FIG. 20D).
- the code conversion signal S43 is output from the nonlinear processing unit 302 as the second signal S2 after the amplitude is adjusted by the limiter 33.
- the second signal S2 is added to the input image signal Sin by the adder 16 as a compensation signal, thereby generating an output image signal Sout as shown in FIG.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is steeper than the rising edge (FIG. 5D) of the image output signal of the conventional image enhancement apparatus.
- the second signal S2 added to the input image signal Sin as a compensation signal is subjected to nonlinear processing on the first signal S1 (FIG. 20B) as a high-frequency signal output from the HPF 11. It is a signal obtained by applying. That is, the second signal S2 is generated from the first signal S1 by the square calculator 12, and the sign converter 43 stores the sign of the first signal S1 in the second signal S2.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is the image output of the conventional image enhancement device. It becomes steeper than the rising edge of the signal edge (FIG. 5D) (FIG. 20E), and a sharper image than before is obtained.
- the second signal S2 includes a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 corresponding to the sampling frequency fs of the input image signal Sin based on the process of the square calculator 12. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to improve the image quality larger than the conventional image enhancement device based on linear processing. Further, since the image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration as shown in FIG. 18, not only a still image but also a moving image displayed in real time can improve the image quality without causing a large cost increase. Can do.
- the image after the enlargement process is sufficiently sharpened as compared with the conventional image enhancement apparatus that cannot compensate the high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2. Image quality can be greatly improved.
- a square calculator 12 is provided to perform a nonlinear process on the first signal S1, but instead of the square calculator 12, a fourth power calculation is performed by squaring the first signal S1.
- a power calculator may be used, and more generally, a power calculator that generates a signal corresponding to the power of the first signal S1 having an even number of 2 or more as a power exponent may be used.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image enhancement device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the image enhancement apparatus 500 is an apparatus that performs an image enhancement process for sharpening an image represented by an input image signal Sin input from the outside as a digital signal, and performs nonlinear processing with the HPF 11.
- the non-linear processing unit 502 includes a square calculator 12, a differentiator 13, a sign converter 43, and a limiter 33. Portions other than the nonlinear processing unit 502 in the configuration of the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 4).
- the square calculator 12 and the differentiator 13 in the nonlinear processor 502 are the same components as the square operator 12 and the first differentiator 13 in the first embodiment, respectively, and the limiter in the nonlinear processor 502. 33 is the same component as the limiter 33 in the third embodiment.
- the same constituent elements as those in the first or third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11 is input to the square calculator 12 of the nonlinear processing unit 502.
- the square calculator 12 generates a square signal S12 by squaring the first signal S1, and the square signal S12 is input to the differentiator 13.
- the differentiator 13 generates a differential signal S13 by differentiating the square signal S12, and the differential signal S13 is input to the code converter 43.
- the code converter 43 also receives the first signal S1.
- the code converter 43 performs code conversion processing for restoring the code of the first signal S1 in the differential signal S13 based on the code bit information of the first signal S1 output from the HPF 11. That is, the sign converter 43 maintains the sign of the differential signal S13 where the sign is the same as that of the first signal S1, and inverts the sign of the part of the differential signal S13 where the sign is different from the first signal.
- the signal obtained by the code converter 43 is input to the limiter 33 as a code conversion signal S44.
- the code conversion signal S44 is output from the nonlinear processor 502 as the second signal S2 after the amplitude is adjusted by the limiter 33 in the same manner as the limiter 33 of the third embodiment.
- the second signal S2 is input to the adder 16 as a compensation signal.
- an input image signal Sin indicating a portion corresponding to an edge as shown in FIG. 21A is input to the image enhancement apparatus 500 according to the present embodiment, a signal as shown in FIG. Generated as S1.
- the first signal S ⁇ b> 1 is input to the square calculator 12 in the nonlinear processor 402.
- the square calculator 12 generates a square signal S12 as shown in FIG. 21C from the first signal S1.
- the square signal S12 is input to the differentiator 13, and the differentiator 13 generates a differential signal S13 as shown in FIG.
- this differential signal S13 the DC component contained in the square signal S12 is removed.
- This differential signal S13 is converted into a code conversion signal S44 as shown in FIG.
- the sign conversion signal S44 the sign of the first signal S1 is stored.
- the code conversion signal S43 is output from the nonlinear processing unit 302 as the second signal S2 after the amplitude is adjusted by the limiter 33.
- the second signal S2 is added to the input image signal Sin by the adder 16 as a compensation signal, thereby generating an output image signal Sout as shown in FIG.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is steeper than the rising edge (FIG. 5D) of the image output signal of the conventional image enhancement apparatus.
- the second signal S2 added to the input image signal Sin as a compensation signal is subjected to nonlinear processing on the first signal S1 (FIG. 21B) as a high-frequency signal output from the HPF 11. It is a signal obtained by applying. That is, the second signal S2 is generated from the first signal S1 by the square computing unit 12, the direct current component is removed by the differentiator 13, and the sign converter 43 converts the first signal S1. Positive and negative are stored in the second signal S2.
- the rising edge of the output image signal Sout is the image output of the conventional image enhancement device. It becomes steeper than the rising edge of the signal edge (FIG. 5D) (FIG. 21F), and a sharper image than before is obtained.
- the second signal S2 includes a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 corresponding to the sampling frequency fs of the input image signal Sin based on the process of the square calculator 12. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to improve the image quality larger than the conventional image enhancement device based on linear processing. Further, since the image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration as shown in FIG. 19, not only a still image but also a moving image displayed in real time can improve the image quality without causing a large cost increase. Can do.
- the image after the enlargement process is sufficiently sharpened as compared with the conventional image enhancement apparatus that cannot compensate the high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2. Image quality can be greatly improved.
- the square calculator 12 is used to perform nonlinear processing on the first signal S1, but instead, the absolute value processor 22 used in the second embodiment. May be used. Also in this case, the same effect can be obtained by basically the same operation as in the present embodiment (see FIG. 21).
- a square calculator 12 is provided to perform a nonlinear process on the first signal S1, but instead of the square calculator 12, a fourth power calculation is performed by squaring the first signal S1.
- a power calculator may be used, and more generally, a power calculator that generates a signal corresponding to the power of the first signal S1 having an even number of 2 or more as a power exponent may be used.
- the differentiator 13 is used to remove the DC component of the square signal S12, but a high-pass filter (HPF) may be used instead. Further, in the present embodiment, the differentiator 13 is arranged in the preceding stage of the code converter 43. Alternatively, the differentiator 13 or the HPF may be arranged in the subsequent stage of the code converter 43.
- the non-linearity in the non-linear processing unit is a square operation or a cube operation (more generally, a power operation with an even number of 2 or more or an odd number of 3 or more as a power exponent), or Although it is based on absolute value processing, it is possible to obtain the same effects as those of the above embodiments by other nonlinear calculations.
- the input signal value of the nonlinear arithmetic unit for such nonlinear computation is x
- the output signal value is y
- a non-linear arithmetic unit that performs processing corresponding to a non-linear function f (x) that monotonically increases in a non-linear or positive / negative symmetry.
- the monotonic increase here means a monotonic increase in a broad sense.
- the nonlinear function f (x) does not need to monotonically increase for all x, and may be monotonously increased at least in the vicinity of 0.
- the image enhancing apparatus 600 having the configuration shown in FIG. 22 using the nonlinear calculator 62 that performs processing corresponding to the nonlinear function f (x) that monotonously increases positively and negatively, and the nonlinear calculator 62 are used.
- 23 can also add a high frequency component not included in the input image signal Sin, that is, a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 of the original signal, to the image.
- An image enhancing apparatus 600 in FIG. 22 uses the nonlinear computing unit 62 in place of the square computing unit 12 in the image enhancing apparatus 400 according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. Also in the modification of the embodiment, the image enhancing apparatus 600 of FIG.
- the image enhancing apparatus 700 in FIG. 23 uses the nonlinear computing unit 62 instead of the square computing unit 12 in the image enhancing apparatus 500 according to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. Also in the modification of the fifth embodiment, the image enhancing apparatus 700 in FIG. 23 can be used instead of the image enhancing apparatus 500 in FIG. 19.
- f (x) x 2n (n is a natural number)
- the following function f (x) can be used.
- the pixel value x is normalized by 255.
- the function of the formula (8) is multiplied by 255 after normalization.
- the value to be multiplied does not have to be the same as the value for normalization (255 in this example). .
- f (x) 100
- f (x) 255
- FIG. 24 shows an image (hereinafter referred to as “original image”) used for verifying the effect of the present invention.
- This original image is reduced in size than the actual size for the convenience of the posting space in the drawing.
- FIG. 25 shows an image obtained by cutting out the upper right part of the original image and subjecting it to enlargement processing twice in the vertical and horizontal directions, and is the target of image enhancement processing (hereinafter referred to as “target image”).
- the pseudo gradation display method is adopted in consideration of the convenience of printing out. This also applies to FIGS. 26 and 27 described later.
- FIG. 26B is a diagram showing an image after the image enhancement processing based on the linear processing is performed on the target image. For comparison, the target image is shown in FIG. Yes.
- the conventional image enhancement processing is applied to the target image. Even if applied, the image quality does not improve, and there is almost no difference in sharpness or resolution between the target image in FIG. 26A and the image in FIG.
- FIG. 27A shows an image after the image enhancement processing by the configuration shown in FIG. 15 using the absolute value processor 22 is applied to the target image as one-dimensional processing in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively (FIG. 27A). 9).
- the sharpness or resolution is improved centering on the back of the scarf and chair compared to the target image of FIG. 26A.
- the image of FIG. This is very different from the image in FIG. Therefore, it can be said that the image enhancement processing with the configuration of FIG. 15 can sufficiently sharpen the image after the enlargement processing and greatly improve the image quality as compared with the conventional image enhancement processing based on linear processing.
- FIG. 27B shows an image after the target image is subjected to the image enhancement processing by the configuration shown in FIG. 16 using the cube calculator 32 once in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction (see FIG. 9). ).
- the input image signal Sin is 8 bits
- the constant ⁇ for gain adjustment in the limiter 33 is 0.03
- the upper limit value for clip processing is ⁇ 32.
- the configuration of FIG. 16 that is, the configuration using the cube calculator 32 gives better results for image signals having a small amplitude, and the amplitude is For large image signals, it can be said that the configuration of FIG. 15, that is, the configuration using the absolute value processor 22, gives better results. Therefore, in consideration of this point, a configuration in which the configuration of FIG. 15 and the configuration of FIG. 16 are used together is preferable for improving the image quality by sharpening the entire image.
- each of the above embodiments is realized as hardware (circuit such as LSI), part or all of the configuration may be realized as software.
- image enhancement program for performing an image enhancement process according to any of the embodiments or modifications thereof.
- the image enhancing apparatus according to the present invention can be realized in software.
- the target image is a still image
- a sufficiently practical image enhancement process is possible even with an image enhancement device implemented in software as described above. The same effect as each embodiment is acquired.
- the personal computer 800 is a general-purpose computer, and a CPU 801 as a central processing unit, a memory 803, a modem 805, a display control unit 807, an input interface unit 809, a hard disk device 811 and a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) drive.
- a device 813 is connected by a bus, an operation unit 810 such as a keyboard and a mouse is connected to the input interface unit 809, and a display device 815 such as a CRT or a liquid crystal display is connected to the display control unit 807.
- the image enhancement program is typically provided by a CD-ROM that is a recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- the user purchases a CD-ROM 850 as a recording medium for the image enhancement program, loads the CD-ROM 850 into the CD-ROM drive 813, reads the program from the CD-ROM 850, and installs it in the hard disk device 811.
- an image enhancement program sent via a communication line connected to the modem 805 may be received and installed in the hard disk device 811.
- the image enhancement program may be installed in the hard disk device 811 before the manufacturer ships the personal computer 800.
- the image enhancement program installed in the hard disk device 811 in this manner is transferred to the memory 803, temporarily stored therein, and executed by the CPU 801 when activated by a predetermined operation on the operation unit 810 by the user. .
- the personal computer 800 operates as a device that performs the same image enhancement processing as the image enhancement device according to the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof.
- image enhancement apparatus implemented in software as described above, data representing an image to be subjected to image enhancement processing is stored in advance in the hard disk device 811 as target image data, and the image enhancement program is started.
- the target image data is subjected to image enhancement processing by the CPU 801 based on the image enhancement program, and the processed image data (hereinafter referred to as “processed image data”) is generated and stored in the hard disk device 811. .
- image enhancement processing for improving image quality for example, image enhancement processing for improving the quality of a moving image displayed in real time on a television (TV) receiver has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to such image enhancement processing, and is also applicable to an apparatus that performs signal processing for improving sound quality and signal processing for improving the quality of content including audio. It can also be applied to a device that performs signal processing for improving the quality of a signal transmitted via a communication line.
- the harmonics of the original signal can be obtained by non-linear processing. Therefore, the signal generated by the apparatus corresponds to the sampling frequency fs when the input signal is discretized. A frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 is included.
- the signal quality sound quality, image quality, etc.
- the signal quality can be greatly improved over conventional signal processing based on linear processing, and the signal quality can be improved with a simple configuration.
- the present invention is applied to an image enhancement apparatus, an image enhancement method, and an image enhancement program for sharpening an image to improve image quality.
- an image enhancement apparatus for example, a moving image displayed in real time on a television (TV) receiver
- the present invention can be applied to an image enhancement device for sharpening the image.
- Non-linear calculator 100 ... Image enhancement device (first embodiment) 102: nonlinear processing units 110, 110B, 110C ... digital filter 132 ... rounding processor 133 ... limiter 200 ... image enhancement device (second embodiment) 202... Non-linear processing unit 300... Image enhancement device (third embodiment) 302... Non-linear processing unit 400...
- Image enhancement device (fourth embodiment) 402 Nonlinear processing unit 500: Image enhancement device (fifth embodiment) 502... Non-linear processing unit Sin... Input image signal (input signal) Sout: Output image signal S1: First signal S2: Second signal S12: Square signal (third signal) S13: First differential signal (fourth signal) S14: Second differential signal (fifth signal) S22: Absolute value signal (third signal) S32 ... third power signal (third signal)
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Abstract
Description
画像を表す入力信号に含まれる周波数成分のうち少なくとも直流成分を当該入力信号から除去することにより第1の信号を生成するフィルタ部と、
前記第1の信号に対して非線形処理を施すことにより第2の信号を生成する非線形処理部と、
前記第2の信号を前記入力信号に加算する加算部とを備え、
前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号に対し少なくとも0近傍で、非線形または正負対称に、広義に単調増加する第3の信号を、前記第1の信号に基づいて生成し、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存され、かつ、前記第2の信号が直流成分を含まないように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
2以上の偶数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成し、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存されるように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
2以上の偶数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成する冪乗演算器と、
前記第3の信号を微分することにより第4の信号を生成する第1微分器と、
前記入力信号を微分することにより第5の信号を生成する第2微分器と、
前記第4の信号と前記第5の信号との積に基づき前記第2の信号を生成する乗算器とを含むことを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
2以上の偶数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成する冪乗演算器と、
前記第3の信号に基づき前記第2の信号が生成されるように、前記第3の信号のうち正負が前記第1の信号と異なる部分の正負を前記第1の信号に基づき反転させる符号変換器とを含むことを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
2以上の偶数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成する冪乗演算器と、
前記第3の信号の直流成分を除去することにより第4の信号を生成するフィルタと、
前記第4の信号に基づき前記第2の信号が生成されるように、前記第4の信号のうち正負が前記第1の信号と異なる部分の正負を前記第1の信号に基づき反転させる符号変換器とを含むことを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号の絶対値に相当する信号を前記第3の信号として生成し、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存されるように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号の絶対値に相当する信号を前記第3の信号として生成する絶対値処理器と、
前記第3の信号を微分することにより第4の信号を生成する第1微分器と、
前記入力信号を微分することにより第5の信号を生成する第2微分器と、
前記第4の信号と前記第5の信号との積に基づき前記第2の信号を生成する乗算器とを含むことを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号の絶対値に相当する信号を前記第3の信号として生成する絶対値処理器と、
前記第3の信号の直流成分を除去することにより第4の信号を生成するフィルタと、
前記第4の信号に基づき前記第2の信号が生成されるように、前記第4の信号のうち正負が前記第1の信号と異なる部分の正負を前記第1の信号に基づき反転させる符号変換器とを含むことを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、3以上の奇数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成し、前記第3の信号に基づき前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
3以上の奇数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成する冪乗演算器と、
前記第3の信号の振幅を調整することにより前記第2の信号を生成する調整器と
を含むことを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、前記第3の信号の絶対値が前記第1の信号の絶対値よりも大きくなる区間が少なくとも前記0近傍に現れるように前記第3の信号を生成することを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、前記第1の信号に対し前記第1の信号の最大振幅の少なくとも1/2以下の範囲では、非線形または正負対称に、広義に単調増加する信号を、前記第1の信号に基づき前記第3の信号として生成することを特徴とする。
前記フィルタ部は、タップ数が3以上の高域通過型のデジタルフィルタを含むことを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号のうち絶対値が所定の下限値よりも小さい部分の信号値を0に変更する丸め処理器と、
前記第1の信号のうち絶対値が所定の上限値よりも大きい部分の信号値の絶対値を当該上限値以下の所定値に変更するリミッタとを含むことを特徴とする。
前記非線形処理部は、前記第2の信号の振幅を調整するための調整器を含むことを特徴とする。
<1.第1の実施形態>
<1.1 構成>
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る画像強調装置の構成を示すブロック図である。この画像強調装置100は、画像を表すデジタル信号として外部から入力される入力画像信号Sinに対し、その入力画像信号Sinの表す画像を鮮鋭化するための処理(以下「画像強調処理」または単に「強調処理」という)を施す装置であって、高域通過フィルタ(以下「ハイパスフィルタ」または「HPF」という)11と非線形処理部102と加算器16とを備えており、非線形処理部102は、2乗演算器12と第1微分器13と第2微分器14と乗算器15とから構成されている。上記入力画像信号Sinは、HPF11と第2微分器14と加算器16に与えられる。なお、入力画像信号Sinの表す画像は、静止画であってもよいし動画であってもよく、入力画像信号Sinが動画を表す場合、その動画は、例えば標準画質テレビジョン(SDTV:Standard Definition Television)または高精細テレビジョン(HDTV:High Definition Television)の受像機においてリアルタイムで表示される動画であってもよい。この点は他の実施形態においても同様である。
次に、上記のように構成された本実施形態に係る画像強調装置100の動作を、入力画像信号Sinのうち図5(B)に示すように水平方向に画像信号のレベルすなわち画素値が変化するエッジに相当する部分に対する処理に着目して説明する。
f(x)=a-Ncos(-N)ωx+a-N+1cos(-N+1)ωx・・・+a-1cos(-1)ωx
+a0+a1cosωx+a2cos2ωx+…+aNcosNωx
+b-Nsin(-N)ωx+b-N+1sin(-N+1)ωx+・・・+b-1sin(-1)ωx
+b1sinωx+b2sin2ωx+…+bNsinNωx …(1)
ここで、Nは、(画像拡大処理前の)サンプリング周波数fsに対応するナイキスト周波数fs/2を越えない最高周波数の高調波の次数である。すなわち、
Nω/(2π)<fs/2≦(N+1)ω/(2π)
である。
g(x)=a-Ncos(-N)ωx+a-N+1cos(-N+1)ωx・・・+a-1cos(-1)ωx
+a1cosωx+a2cos2ωx+…+aNcosNωx
+b-Nsin(-N)ωx+b-N+1sin(-N+1)ωx+・・・+b-1sin(-1)ωx
+b1sinωx+b2sin2ωx+…+bNsinNωx …(2)
である。HPF11から出力される第1信号S1は、上記信号g(x)または信号g(x)の高周波成分を含んでおり、2乗演算器12から出力される2乗信号S12はこの第1信号S1を2乗して得られる信号である。そこで、(g(x))2を求めると、上記式(2)より、この(g(x))2における各項は下記式のいずれかで表現される。
aicosiωx・ajcosjωx …(3a)
aicosiωx・bjsinjωx …(3b)
bisiniωx・bjsinjωx …(3c)
(i=±1,±2,…,±N;j=±1,±2,…,±N)
三角関数に関する公式を用いて上記式を下記のように書き直すことができる。
(aiaj/2){cos(i+j)ωx+cos(i-j)ωx} …(4a)
(aibj/2){sin(i+j)ωx-sin(i-j)ωx} …(4b)
(-bibj/2){cos(i+j)ωx-cos(i-j)ωx} …(4c)
上記式より(g(x))2は、(N+1)ω,(N+2)ω,…,2Nω等の角周波数成分を含むので、ナイキスト周波数fs/2よりも高い周波数成分を含む。このため、2乗信号S12も、周波数2Nω/(2π)という高調波成分等のようにナイキスト周波数fs/2よりも高い周波数成分を含む。(g(x))2のように偶数乗の場合は、上記式(4a)(4c)に示す項において直流成分が発生する場合がある。これに対し本実施形態では、第1微分器13により当該直流分が除去される(図1参照)。
上記のように本実施形態によれば、入力画像信号SinからHPF11で抽出された高域成分としての第1信号S1に対する2乗演算器12での処理により2乗信号S12が生成され、その2乗信号S12に基づき第1信号S1の正負が保存されるように生成された第2信号S2が、補償用信号として入力画像信号Sinに加算される。これにより、十分に画像が鮮鋭化され、従来の画像強調装置よりも大幅に画質を改善することができる。また、図1~図4に示すような簡単な構成で本実施形態に係る画像強調装置100を実現できるので、この画像強調装置100を高精細テレビジョン(HDTV)や標準画質テレビジョン(SDTV)の受像機等に利用することにより、静止画のみならずリアルタイムで表示される動画についても、大きなコスト増を招くことなく画質を改善することができる。なお、本実施形態における非線形処理部102内の2乗演算器12および乗算器15はハードウェア乗算器として実現してもよいが、入力画像信号Sin等のビット数は大きなものではないので(例えば256階調の画像の場合は8ビット)、2乗演算器12および乗算器15をROM(Read Only Memory)テーブルとして実現することができる。このようなROMテーブルによる実現は、高速な処理を可能とし、リアルタイムで表示される動画を対象とする場合に有効である。
上記では、本実施形態の画像強調装置100による処理対象としての画像における水平方向の画素列を表すデータ列(画素値の系列)によって入力画像信号Sinが構成されるものとしており、HPF11や第1および第2微分器13,14は当該画像における水平周波数や水平方向の画素値の変化につきフィルタ処理や微分処理を行うものとして説明されている。すなわち、上記実施形態では、当該画像の水平方向について画像強調処理がなされていると言える。しかし、水平方向の画像強調処理に加えて、当該画像における垂直方向の画像強調処理も行うのが好ましい。このため、図9に示すように、画像強調装置が水平方向の画像強調処理のための水平方向処理部1100と垂直方向の画像強調処理のための垂直方向処理部1200とを備える構成とするのが好ましい。この構成では、処理対象としての画像を表す入力画像信号SIが水平方向処理部1100に入力され、水平方向処理部1100からの出力信号が垂直方向処理部1200に入力され、垂直方向処理部1200からの出力信号が当該画像強調装置の出力画像信号SOとなる。なお、この構成において、水平方向処理部1100と垂直方向処理部1200との前後関係を入れ替え、入力画像信号SIが垂直方向処理部1200に入力され、垂直方向処理部1200の出力信号が水平方向処理部1100に入力されるようにしてもよい。
図15は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る画像強調装置の構成を示すブロック図である。この画像強調装置200は、デジタル信号として外部から入力される入力画像信号Sinの表す画像を鮮鋭化するための画像強調処理を当該入力画像信号Sinに対して施す装置であって、HPF11と非線形処理部202と加算器16とを備えており、非線形処理部202は、上記第1の実施形態における2乗演算器12に代えて絶対値処理器22を有している。本実施形態における他の部分は、上記第1の実施形態と同様であるので(図1~図4)、同一部分には同一の参照符号を付して詳しい説明を省略する。
図16は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る画像強調装置の構成を示すブロック図である。この画像強調装置300は、デジタル信号として外部から入力される入力画像信号Sinの表す画像を鮮鋭化するための画像強調処理を当該入力画像信号Sinに対して施す装置であって、HPF11と非線形処理部302と加算器16とを備えており、非線形処理部302は、3乗演算器32とリミッタ33とから構成されている。本実施形態の構成のうち非線形処理部302以外の部分は、上記第1の実施形態と同様であるので(図1~図4)、同一部分には同一の参照符号を付して詳しい説明を省略する。
aicosiωx・ajcosjωx・akcoskωx …(5a)
aicosiωx・ajcosjωx・bksinkωx …(5b)
aicosiωx・bjsinjωx・bksinkωx …(5c)
bisiniωx・bjsinjωx・bksinkωx …(5d)
(i=±1,±2,…,±N; j=±1,±2,…,±N; k=±1,±2,…,±N)
(aNcosNωx)3=aN 3{(3/4)cosNωx+(1/4)cos3Nωx} …(6a)
(bNsinNωx)3=bN 3{(3/4)sinNωx-(1/4)sin3Nωx} …(6d)
また、例えばi=j=k=-Nの項のうち上記式(5a)(5d)で示される下記の項に着目すると、この項は、三角関数の公式より次のように書き換えることができる。
{aNcos(-Nωx)}3
=aN 3{(3/4)cos(-Nωx)+(1/4)cos(-3Nωx)} …(7a)
{bNsin(-Nωx)}3
=bN 3{(3/4)sin(-Nωx)-(1/4)sin(-3Nωx)} …(7d)
上記式(6a)(6d)(7a)(7d)より、(g(x))3は、基本角周波数ωの3N倍の周波数成分や-3N倍の周波数成分を含む。(g(x))3における他の項についても三角関数の公式によって書き換えることにより、(g(x))3は、基本角周波数ωの-3N倍から3N倍までの種々の周波数成分を含むことがわかる。
図18は、本発明の第4の実施形態に係る画像強調装置の構成を示すブロック図である。この画像強調装置400は、デジタル信号として外部から入力される入力画像信号Sinの表す画像を鮮鋭化するための画像強調処理を当該入力画像信号Sinに対して施す装置であって、HPF11と非線形処理部402と加算器16とを備えており、非線形処理部402は、2乗演算器12と符号変換器43とリミッタ33とから構成されている。本実施形態の構成のうち非線形処理部402以外の部分は、上記第1の実施形態と同様である(図1~図4)。また、非線形処理部402における2乗演算器12およびリミッタ33は、それぞれ、第1の実施形態における2乗演算器12および第3の実施形態におけるリミッタ33と同じものである。本実施形態の構成要素のうち第1または第3の実施形態における構成要素と同一のものについては、同一の参照符号を付して詳しい説明を省略する。
図19は、本発明の第5の実施形態に係る画像強調装置の構成を示すブロック図である。この画像強調装置500は、デジタル信号として外部から入力される入力画像信号Sinの表す画像を鮮鋭化するための画像強調処理を当該入力画像信号Sinに対して施す装置であって、HPF11と非線形処理部502と加算器16とを備えており、非線形処理部502は、2乗演算器12と微分器13と符号変換器43とリミッタ33とから構成されている。本実施形態の構成のうち非線形処理部502以外の部分は、上記第1の実施形態と同様である(図1~図4)。また、非線形処理部502における2乗演算器12および微分器13は、それぞれ、第1の実施形態における2乗演算器12および第1微分器13と同じ構成要素であり、非線形処理部502におけるリミッタ33は第3の実施形態におけるリミッタ33と同じ構成要素である。本実施形態の構成要素のうち第1または第3の実施形態における構成要素と同一のものについては、同一の参照符号を付して詳しい説明を省略する。
以上において説明した実施形態では、非線形処理部における非線形性は、2乗演算や3乗演算(より一般的には、2以上の偶数または3以上の奇数を冪指数とする冪乗演算)、または絶対値処理に基づくものであるが、他の非線形演算によっても上記各実施形態と同様の効果を得ることは可能である。
f(x)=|x|1/2 …(8)
f(x)=|x|1/10 …(9)
上記式(8)の関数f(x)および上記式(9)の関数f(x)は、x=0~1の間で増加が大きいので、本実施形態に係る画像強調装置では、この区間を用いる。
f(x)=255|x/255|1/2 …(10)
を使用する。上記式(10)の関数によれば、f(x)>xの条件を満たす。なお、入力画像信号Sinが10ビットのデジタル信号であれば、1023で正規化すればよい。
f(x)=255|sin{(x/255)(π/2)}| …(11)
本発明の効果を検証するために、本発明に係る画像強調処理を実際の画像に施した。以下、その画像強調処理の結果について説明する。
以上では、本発明の実施形態として、非線形処理のために2乗演算器12を使用した第1、第4、および第5の実施形態、絶対値処理器22を使用した第2の実施形態、ならびに、3乗演算器32を使用した第3の実施形態を説明したが、本発明に係る画像強調装置は、これらの第1~第5の実施形態またはそれらの変形例(図9~図14)のいくつかを併用または組み合わせた構成であってもよい。
12 …2乗演算器(冪乗演算器)
13 …第1微分器
14 …第2微分器
15 …乗算器
16 …加算器
22 …絶対値処理器
32 …3乗演算器(冪乗演算器)
33 …リミッタ
43 …符号変換器
62 …非線形演算器
100 …画像強調装置(第1の実施形態)
102 …非線形処理部
110,110B,110C …デジタルフィルタ
132 …丸め処理器
133 …リミッタ
200 …画像強調装置(第2の実施形態)
202 …非線形処理部
300 …画像強調装置(第3の実施形態)
302 …非線形処理部
400 …画像強調装置(第4の実施形態)
402 …非線形処理部
500 …画像強調装置(第5の実施形態)
502 …非線形処理部
Sin …入力画像信号(入力信号)
Sout…出力画像信号
S1 …第1信号
S2 …第2信号
S12 …2乗信号(第3の信号)
S13 …第1微分信号(第4の信号)
S14 …第2微分信号(第5の信号)
S22 …絶対値信号(第3の信号)
S32 …3乗信号(第3の信号)
Claims (22)
- 入力信号の表す画像を鮮鋭化するための画像強調装置であって、
画像を表す入力信号に含まれる周波数成分のうち少なくとも直流成分を当該入力信号から除去することにより第1の信号を生成するフィルタ部と、
前記第1の信号に対して非線形処理を施すことにより第2の信号を生成する非線形処理部と、
前記第2の信号を前記入力信号に加算する加算部とを備え、
前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号に対し少なくとも0近傍で、非線形または正負対称に、広義に単調増加する第3の信号を、前記第1の信号に基づいて生成し、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存され、かつ、前記第2の信号が直流成分を含まないように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする、画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、
2以上の偶数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成し、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存されるように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、
2以上の偶数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成する冪乗演算器と、
前記第3の信号を微分することにより第4の信号を生成する第1微分器と、
前記入力信号を微分することにより第5の信号を生成する第2微分器と、
前記第4の信号と前記第5の信号との積に基づき前記第2の信号を生成する乗算器と
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、
2以上の偶数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成する冪乗演算器と、
前記第3の信号に基づき前記第2の信号が生成されるように、前記第3の信号のうち正負が前記第1の信号と異なる部分の正負を前記第1の信号に基づき反転させる符号変換器と
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、
2以上の偶数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成する冪乗演算器と、
前記第3の信号の直流成分を除去することにより第4の信号を生成するフィルタと、
前記第4の信号に基づき前記第2の信号が生成されるように、前記第4の信号のうち正負が前記第1の信号と異なる部分の正負を前記第1の信号に基づき反転させる符号変換器と
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号の絶対値に相当する信号を前記第3の信号として生成し、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存されるように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号の絶対値に相当する信号を前記第3の信号として生成する絶対値処理器と、
前記第3の信号を微分することにより第4の信号を生成する第1微分器と、
前記入力信号を微分することにより第5の信号を生成する第2微分器と、
前記第4の信号と前記第5の信号との積に基づき前記第2の信号を生成する乗算器と
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号の絶対値に相当する信号を前記第3の信号として生成する絶対値処理器と、
前記第3の信号の直流成分を除去することにより第4の信号を生成するフィルタと、
前記第4の信号に基づき前記第2の信号が生成されるように、前記第4の信号のうち正負が前記第1の信号と異なる部分の正負を前記第1の信号に基づき反転させる符号変換器と
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、3以上の奇数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成し、前記第3の信号に基づき前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。
- 前記非線形処理部は、
3以上の奇数を冪指数として前記第1の信号を冪乗することにより前記第3の信号を生成する冪乗演算器と、
前記第3の信号の振幅を調整することにより前記第2の信号を生成する調整器と
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、前記第3の信号の絶対値が前記第1の信号の絶対値よりも大きくなる区間が少なくとも前記0近傍に現れるように前記第3の信号を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。
- 前記非線形処理部は、前記第1の信号に対し前記第1の信号の最大振幅の少なくとも1/2以下の範囲では、非線形または正負対称に、広義に単調増加する信号を、前記第1の信号に基づき前記第3の信号として生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。
- 前記フィルタ部は、タップ数が3以上の高域通過型のデジタルフィルタを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。
- 前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号のうち絶対値が所定の下限値よりも小さい部分の信号値を0に変更する丸め処理器と、
前記第1の信号のうち絶対値が所定の上限値よりも大きい部分の信号値の絶対値を当該上限値以下の所定値に変更するリミッタと
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、前記第2の信号の振幅を調整するための調整器を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。
- 前記フィルタ部は、前記画像の水平方向の空間周波数成分のうち少なくとも直流成分を当該入力信号から除去することにより前記第1の信号を生成し、
前記非線形処理部は、前記第2の信号が前記画像の水平方向の空間周波数についての直流成分を含まないように記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記フィルタ部は、前記画像の垂直方向の空間周波数成分のうち少なくとも直流成分を当該入力信号から除去することにより前記第1の信号を生成し、
前記非線形処理部は、前記第2の信号が前記画像の垂直方向の空間周波数についての直流成分を含まないように記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。 - 前記画像は動画像であり、
前記フィルタ部は、前記画像の時間方向の周波数成分のうち少なくとも直流成分を当該入力信号から除去することにより前記第1の信号を生成し、
前記非線形処理部は、前記第2の信号が前記画像の時間方向の周波数についての直流成分を含まないように記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。 - 入力信号の表す画像を鮮鋭化するための画像強調方法であって、
画像を表す入力信号に含まれる周波数成分のうち少なくとも直流成分を当該入力信号から除去することにより第1の信号を生成するフィルタ処理ステップと、
前記第1の信号に対して非線形処理を施すことにより第2の信号を生成する非線形処理ステップと、
前記第2の信号を前記入力信号に加算する加算ステップとを備え、
前記非線形処理ステップでは、
前記第1の信号に対し少なくとも0近傍で、非線形または正負対称に、広義に単調増加する第3の信号が、前記第1の信号に基づいて生成され、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存され、かつ、前記第2の信号が直流成分を含まないように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号が生成されることを特徴とする、画像強調方法。 - 入力信号の表す画像を鮮鋭化するための画像強調プログラムであって、
画像を表す入力信号に含まれる周波数成分のうち少なくとも直流成分を当該入力信号から除去することにより第1の信号を生成するフィルタ処理ステップと、
前記第1の信号に対して非線形処理を施すことにより第2の信号を生成する非線形処理ステップと、
前記第2の信号を前記入力信号に加算する加算ステップと
をコンピュータに実行させ、
前記非線形処理ステップでは、
前記第1の信号に対し少なくとも0近傍で、非線形または正負対称に、広義に単調増加する第3の信号が、前記第1の信号に基づいて生成され、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存され、かつ、前記第2の信号が直流成分を含まないように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号が生成されることを特徴とする、画像強調プログラム。 - 請求項20に記載の画像強調プログラムを格納したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
- 入力信号の質を高めるための信号処理装置であって、
入力信号に含まれる周波数成分のうち少なくとも直流成分を当該入力信号から除去することにより第1の信号を生成するフィルタ部と、
前記第1の信号に対して非線形処理を施すことにより第2の信号を生成する非線形処理部と、
前記第2の信号を前記入力信号に加算する加算部とを備え、
前記非線形処理部は、
前記第1の信号に対し少なくとも0近傍で、非線形または正負対称に、広義に単調増加する第3の信号を、前記第1の信号に基づいて生成し、
前記第2の信号において前記第1の信号の正負が実質的に保存され、かつ、前記第2の信号が直流成分を含まないように、前記第3の信号に基づいて前記第2の信号を生成することを特徴とする、信号処理装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5281690B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
CN102362486A (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
US20110279730A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
RU2011143859A (ru) | 2013-05-10 |
CN104539826A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
CN104539826B (zh) | 2017-09-08 |
BRPI0924760A2 (pt) | 2016-01-26 |
US8508667B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
JPWO2010113342A1 (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
RU2497301C2 (ru) | 2013-10-27 |
EP2416557A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
EP2416557A4 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
CN102362486B (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
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