WO2014025067A1 - 画像強調装置、画像強調方法 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/20—Image enhancement or restoration using local operators
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/73—Deblurring; Sharpening
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/40—Picture signal circuits
- H04N1/409—Edge or detail enhancement; Noise or error suppression
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/40—Picture signal circuits
- H04N1/409—Edge or detail enhancement; Noise or error suppression
- H04N1/4092—Edge or detail enhancement
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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- H04N5/20—Circuitry for controlling amplitude response
- H04N5/205—Circuitry for controlling amplitude response for correcting amplitude versus frequency characteristic
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- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20172—Image enhancement details
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image enhancement device and an image enhancement method for improving image quality by sharpening an image, for example, an image enhancement device and an image suitable for sharpening a moving image displayed in real time on a television (TV) receiver. Concerning the emphasis method.
- Image enhancement processing for sharpening images and improving image quality has been widely known.
- contour compensation that makes the rise and fall of a video signal corresponding to the contour portion of an image to be displayed abrupt is performed.
- a high-frequency component of an input image signal luminance signal
- the high-frequency component is amplified and added to the input image signal, thereby improving visual image quality.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a waveform change in the signal level of an image by the conventional image enhancement processing.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of the signal level in the horizontal direction of the input image signal, and in particular, is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a portion corresponding to an edge where the signal level changes in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 10B shows a high-frequency component extracted from the input image signal. When this high-frequency component is amplified and added to the input image signal, the rising edge change shown in FIG. Output image signals can be obtained.
- the conventional image enhancement processing is based on linear digital signal processing, it is possible to generate a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency, that is, a frequency component higher than 1 ⁇ 2 of the sampling frequency of the target image. Can not. For this reason, in order to improve image quality, it has been impossible to sharpen an image by generating and using a frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency.
- HDTV High Definition Television, 1080 ⁇ 1920 pixel
- the image is displayed in a blurred manner.
- an image signal having HDTV resolution is enlarged to a higher definition (for example, 4K resolution of about 4000 ⁇ 2000 pixels)
- the image is displayed in a blurred manner.
- the image signal after the enlargement process includes only the frequency components up to the Nyquist frequency of the original image before the enlargement, and includes the frequency components near the Nyquist frequency of the image after the enlargement. It is because it is not.
- FIG. 11A shows a frequency spectrum of a digital image signal whose sampling frequency is fs
- FIG. 11B shows a case where the number of pixels is doubled in the horizontal direction by up-converting the digital image signal. Is the frequency spectrum.
- the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 corresponding to the original sampling frequency fs
- the new Nyquist frequency Fbs corresponding to the new sampling frequency Fbs.
- There is no frequency component between / 2 fs.
- FIG. 11C shows a frequency spectrum when image enhancement processing by conventional linear digital signal processing is performed on a digital image signal after up-conversion.
- the frequency component near the original Nyquist frequency fs / 2 is increased by the image enhancement processing by linear digital signal processing.
- frequency components exceeding the original Nyquist frequency fs / 2 are not generated. Therefore, in the conventional image enhancement processing by linear digital signal processing, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 11D, a frequency component near the new Nyquist frequency Fbs / 2 is generated beyond the original Nyquist frequency fbs / 2. It will never be done. That is, for the digital image signal after up-conversion, it has been impossible to sharpen the image by generating and using a frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency in order to improve the image quality.
- Non-Patent Document 1 performs image enhancement processing by repeatedly performing arithmetic processing on a plurality of frames having the same sampling frequency and selecting and synthesizing pixels with high resolution from each frame. Is to do. For this reason, some images may not be restored correctly, and there may be a flicker that may cause a broken image to appear suddenly in a movie. Also, the amount of processing using multiple frames is very heavy. There was a problem.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an image enhancement device and an image enhancement method capable of sharpening an image with a frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency without repetitive calculation for a plurality of frames.
- an image enhancement device is an image enhancement device that generates an output image obtained by sharpening an input image, and performs non-linear processing on an input image signal representing the input image.
- a non-linear processing unit for generating one signal, wherein the first signal is represented as a continuous non-linear function with respect to the input image signal, and non-linear processing for generating a frequency component not included in the input image signal A non-linear processing unit for performing, a filter unit for generating a second signal by removing at least a direct current component of a frequency component included in the first signal, a limiter for adjusting the second signal to generate a third signal, And an adder for adding the third signal to the input image signal to generate an output image signal representing the output image.
- the non-linear processing unit generates a power of the input image signal as the first signal.
- the nonlinear processing unit generates a power root of the input image signal as the first signal.
- the solution of the present invention has been described as an apparatus.
- the present invention substantially corresponds to these, and is also realized as a method, a program, or a storage medium that records a program executed by a processor included in the apparatus. It should be understood that these are included within the scope of the present invention.
- an image enhancement method implemented as a method of the present invention is an image enhancement method in an image enhancement device that generates an output image obtained by sharpening an input image, and the processing procedure by the image enhancement device represents the input image.
- a non-linear processing step for performing non-linear processing for generating a non-frequency component a step for generating a second signal by removing at least a DC component of the frequency component included in the first signal, and adjusting the second signal Generating a third signal; adding the third signal to the input image signal to generate an output image signal representing the output image; Including the.
- a power of the input image signal is generated as the first signal.
- a power root of the input image signal is generated as the first signal.
- the image enhancement device and the image enhancement method according to the present invention it is possible to sharpen an image with a frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency without repetitive calculation for a plurality of frames.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image enhancement device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the image enhancement device 1 performs processing for sharpening an image represented by the input image signal S in (hereinafter referred to as “image enhancement processing” or “input image signal S in” input from the outside as a digital signal representing the image.
- image enhancement processing processing for sharpening an image represented by the input image signal S in
- the apparatus simply performs “enhancement processing”, and includes a non-linear processing unit 10, a high-pass filter (HPF) 20, a limiter 30, and an adder 40.
- HPF high-pass filter
- the image represented by the input image signal S in may be a still image or a moving image.
- the moving image may be, for example, a standard definition television (SDTV: Standard Definition). It may be a moving image that is displayed in real time on a television of a high definition television (HDTV) or a high definition television (HDTV).
- SDTV Standard Definition
- HDTV high definition television
- HDTV high definition television
- each component is described with respect to the waveform of the signal level in the horizontal direction of the image.
- the waveform of the signal level in the vertical direction of the image or the waveform of the signal level in the time direction between images in the moving image can perform image enhancement processing by processing equivalent to that in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a waveform of the signal level in the horizontal direction of the input image signal Sin, and particularly shows a waveform of a portion corresponding to an edge where the signal level changes in the horizontal direction.
- the resolution of the input image signal S in corresponds to the resolution of the output image signal Sout.
- the input image signal S in Is up-converted to the resolution of the output image signal Sout.
- the image enhancement device 1 outputs an SDTV image as an HDTV image
- the input image signal S in is a signal obtained by converting the original SDTV image into the HDTV resolution by the existing linear conversion.
- the non-linear processing unit 10 generates the first signal S1 by performing non-linear processing on the input image signal S in .
- the non-linear processing by the non-linear processing unit 10 is intended to sharpen the contour of the image.
- the input image signal S in shown in FIG. 2 (A) is converted as shown in FIG. 2 (B).
- the first signal S1 is processed, and processing for making the rising edge rise sharply at the signal level is performed.
- Process for generating a first signal S1 from the input image signal S in by the nonlinear processing unit 10 may be generalized by the formula (1).
- the non-linear processing by the non-linear processing unit 10 includes all the powers of general rational numbers represented by p / q.
- the signal level of each pixel takes a value from 0 to 255.
- the non-linear processing unit 10 squares the input image signal S in , as shown in FIG. 2B, the rising edge of the edge portion becomes abrupt, so that the contour of the image is further emphasized. become.
- the non-linear processing unit 10 calculates X ′, which is a value obtained by normalizing the pixel value X of the m-bit digital signal, using Equation (2).
- the value of X ′ after normalization according to equation (2) is a value between 0 and 1.
- the non-linear processing unit 10 applies the gamma correction function shown in the equation (3) to the normalized X ′ to calculate the value Y after the non-linear processing.
- Equation (3) when the value of X ′ is small, the value of Y after the non-linear processing is raised higher than X ′. That is, a pixel with low luminance is raised more than a pixel with high luminance. Accordingly, for example, in edge sharpening exemplified in FIG. 2B, an edge enhancement component in a particularly low-luminance region increases, so that the contour of an image in a particularly low-luminance region is further enhanced.
- the HPF 20 generates a second signal S2 that is a high-frequency signal by removing at least a DC component of the frequency component included in the first signal S1. Specifically, the HPF 20 extracts from the first signal S1 of FIG. 2B as a process of extracting a high-frequency component including a contour component of an image obtained by nonlinear processing of the input image signal S in (FIG. 2 (B)). The second signal S2 of C) is extracted.
- the second signal S2 shown in FIG. 2C is compared with the signal of the high frequency component by the conventional linear digital processing shown in FIG. 10B
- the second signal S2 is compared with the conventional high frequency component.
- the waveform is sharpened.
- the second signal S2 in which through a limiter 30 is added to the input image signal S in as a compensation signal for image sharpening. That is, the fact that the waveform of the second signal S2 is sharpened compared to the conventional one means that a higher-definition image enhancement process can be performed than in the conventional case, and along with the sharpening of the contour. Thus, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of ringing, which is a problem in the conventional linear digital processing.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the HPF 20.
- the HPF 20 has m taps (m ⁇ 1 units delay elements 201 to 20 (m ⁇ 1), m multipliers 211 to 21 m, and one adder 220.
- m can be configured as a transversal digital filter.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a high-pass filter configured by a low-frequency currency filter.
- the HPF 20 shown in FIG. 1 can be realized by the configuration using the low-pass filter (hereinafter referred to as “LPF”) 21 and the subtractor 22.
- LPF low-pass filter
- the limiter 30 functions as an adjuster of the amplitude (signal level) of the second signal S2, and adjusts the second signal S2 to generate the third signal S3. Specifically, clipping is performed so that the amplitude of the second signal S2 is less than or equal to a predetermined upper limit value, or the second signal S2 is multiplied by a constant ⁇ satisfying 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1. Adjust the gain level. Further, the limiter 30 can also perform a rounding process in which a signal value equal to or lower than a predetermined lower limit value in the second signal S2 is set to 0 for noise removal. The limiter 30 outputs the second signal S2 that has been subjected to clip processing, gain adjustment, rounding processing, and the like to the adder 40 as a third signal S3.
- the rising transition of the edge portion in the output image signal S out is steeper than the rising transition of the edge portion of the input image signal S in. That is, a sharper image than the input image signal S in can be obtained.
- the adder 40 includes a delay element for adjusting the timing between the input image signal Sin and the third signal S3 as necessary.
- the image enhancement apparatus 1 can compensate for a high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 that could not be compensated by a conventional image enhancement apparatus, and thus an image represented by an image signal subjected to enlargement processing This is particularly effective in improving image quality by sharpening.
- the point that the high-frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 can be compensated by the non-linear processing by the non-linear processing unit 10 will be described in more detail.
- N is the order of the highest harmonic that does not exceed the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 corresponding to the sampling frequency fs (before image enlargement processing). That is, N ⁇ / (2 ⁇ ) ⁇ fs / 2 ⁇ (N + 1) ⁇ / (2 ⁇ ) It is.
- the nonlinear processing unit 10 by squaring the input image signal S in, the case of generating a first signal S1, each term in the first signal S1 by any one of the following formulas (5a) ⁇ (5c) Expressed.
- (f (x)) 2 includes angular frequency components such as (N + 1) ⁇ , (N + 2) ⁇ ,..., 2N ⁇ , and therefore includes a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2. Therefore, the first signal S1 also includes a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2, such as a harmonic component having a frequency of 2N ⁇ / (2 ⁇ ).
- the processing of the nonlinear processing unit 10 when the image signal after the image enlargement process for doubling the number of pixels in the horizontal direction is input as the input image signal S in to the image enhancement apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the processing of the nonlinear processing unit 10
- the first signal S1 including a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 before the image enlargement process is generated.
- the HPF 20 extracts the high frequency component of the first signal S1 to generate the second signal S2, and the second signal S2 is necessarily higher in frequency than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 before the image enlargement processing.
- the third signal S3 output from the limiter 30 also includes a frequency component higher than the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 before the image enlargement process.
- the output image signal S out obtained by adding the third signal S3 is a compensation signal, before likewise image enlargement processing Nyquist frequency fs / 2 .
- the frequency spectrum of the output image signal Sout exceeds the original Nyquist frequency fs / 2, for example, as shown in FIG. 11D, and a frequency component near the new Nyquist frequency Fbs / 2 is generated.
- the processing of the processing unit 10 is not limited to the square of the input image signal S in.
- the generation of a frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 by an arbitrary power process is clearly derived from a general trigonometric function formula.
- any gamma processing power root
- a frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 is generated.
- the gamma processing by the nonlinear processing unit 10 enables compensation in a high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2.
- FIG. 5 is an original image used for evaluation of nonlinear processing by gamma processing
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing frequency spectra before and after gamma processing.
- FIG. 6A shows the frequency spectrum of the original image before gamma processing
- FIG. 6B shows the frequency spectrum of the image after gamma processing.
- FIG. 6 (A) and FIG. 6 (B) in the frequency spectrum after the gamma processing shown in FIG. 6 (B), the range of the frequency component is widened, and the frequency component not included in the frequency spectrum of the original image It can be seen that is generated.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an original image and an image subjected to image enhancement processing according to the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a frequency spectrum of each image.
- FIG. 7B shows an image after the nonlinear processing unit 10 performs image enhancement processing on the target image once in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction with the square root of the input image signal S in as the first signal S1. Show.
- the image of FIG. 7B is compared with the image of FIG. 7A, the sharpness or resolution of the image of the proposed method is improved, centering on the back of the scarf and chair, and the image quality of the entire image is improved by sharpening. Can be said to have improved.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing, for comparison, an image that has undergone image enhancement processing according to the present invention and an image that has undergone image enhancement processing by conventional linear processing.
- the image quality does not improve even when applied to the image, and for example, there is almost no difference in sharpness or resolution between the original image of FIG. 7A and the image of the prior art of FIG. 9A.
- the nonlinear processing unit 10 generates a first signal S1 performs a nonlinear process on the input image signal S in
- HPF 20 is at least a direct current of a frequency component contained in the first signal S1
- the second signal S2 is generated by removing the component
- the limiter 30 adjusts the second signal S2 to generate the third signal S3
- the adder 40 converts the third signal S3 into the input image signal Sin .
- the output image signal Sout is generated by adding.
- a high-frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 such as a harmonic component of the frequency component of the input image signal S in, is generated by non-linear processing (for example, Expression (1)) in the non-linear processing unit 10.
- non-linear processing for example, Expression (1)
- the input image signal S in is processed for sharpening.
- the nonlinear processing unit 10 or can generate or generate powers of the input image signal S in the first signal S1, the powers root of the input image signal S in the first signal S1. That is, the nonlinear processing unit 10 can generate a high frequency component exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 as the first signal S1 by a relatively simple nonlinear processing.
- the image enhancement apparatus 1 can be realized with the simple configuration shown in FIG. 1, the image enhancement apparatus 1 can be used as a receiver for a high-definition television (HDTV) or a standard definition television (SDTV). By using it, not only a still image but also a moving image displayed in real time can improve the image quality without causing a large cost increase.
- HDTV high-definition television
- SDTV standard definition television
- the present embodiment can also compensate for a high frequency region exceeding the Nyquist frequency fs / 2 that could not be compensated by the conventional image enhancement device, the sharpening of the image represented by the image signal subjected to the enlargement process is particularly effective. This is particularly effective in improving image quality. For example, when displaying an image by enlarging an image signal of a standard definition television (SDTV: Standard Definition Television) on a display of a high-definition television (HDTV) receiver, this embodiment displays the image in real time. This has a great effect in that the moving image can be sufficiently sharpened with a simple configuration.
- SDTV Standard Definition Television
- 4k display a display having a pixel number of about 4000 ⁇ 2000 (hereinafter referred to as “4k display”), which is larger than the number of pixels of HDTV, and the corresponding technology for television broadcasting are being developed. Even when the signal is up-converted and displayed on the 4k display, the present embodiment has a great effect in the same way.
- HDR High Dynamic Range
- HDR converts an original image (real) with a very large contrast into an image with a reduced contrast.
- a pixel having low luminance is raised by using a gamma correction function for tone mapping for reducing contrast.
- the image enhancement apparatus 1 performs nonlinear processing (gamma processing) based on human perceptual characteristics, such as HDR synthesis. Therefore, the image can be sharpened in a more preferable form to improve the image quality.
- the present invention is applied to an image enhancement device for sharpening an image to improve image quality.
- an image enhancement device for sharpening a moving image displayed in real time on a television (TV) receiver. Can be applied to.
- the present invention can be applied to image enhancement processing of a surveillance camera, and for example, it is possible to reduce blurring when a part of an image is enlarged.
- image enhancement processing that sharpens the outline of a dark area with respect to an image of a surveillance camera installed in a dark place or an image taken at night.
- the present invention can be applied to improve the resolution of images taken from a long distance. For example, it is possible to perform image enhancement processing that sharpens the contour of an image of an accident site that is difficult to approach from an image taken from a distance, a satellite image, or the like.
- the present invention can be applied to high definition analog content. That is, when converting existing analog content to high-definition content, it is possible to reproduce analog content as higher-definition digital content by performing image enhancement processing that sharpens the contour of the up-converted image.
- the present invention can be applied when converting analog television content into high-vision content or converting old movie content into higher-definition digital content (for example, Blu-ray (registered trademark) content).
- the present invention is applicable to the medical field. For example, it is possible to convert an enlarged image of an affected area with an endoscope or the like into a higher definition image, or to convert an image of an affected area with a lower resolution into a higher definition image in telemedicine etc. Become.
- the present invention can be applied to high definition of moving image content that can be viewed on a computer.
- moving image content There are many sites on the Internet that distribute video content, and many video content is already stored.
- it is possible to convert existing moving image content into content of higher definition and higher resolution and improve viewing quality.
- Nonlinear processing part 20 HPF (high-pass filter) 201 to 20 (m ⁇ 1) Unit delay element 211 to 21 m Multiplier 220 Adder 21 LPF (low pass filter) 22 Subtractor 30 Limiter 40 Adder
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Abstract
Description
Nω/(2π)<fs/2≦(N+1)ω/(2π)
である。
10 非線形処理部
20 HPF(高域通過フィルタ)
201~20(m−1) 単位遅延素子
211~21m 乗算器
220 加算器
21 LPF(低域通過フィルタ)
22 減算器
30 リミッタ
40 加算器
Claims (6)
- 入力画像を鮮鋭化した出力画像を生成する画像強調装置であって、
前記入力画像を表す入力画像信号に非線形処理を行い第1信号を生成する非線形処理部であって、前記入力画像信号に対して前記第1信号が連続した非線形関数として表され、且つ、前記入力画像信号に含まれない周波数成分を生成する非線形処理を行う非線形処理部と、
前記第1信号に含まれる周波数成分の少なくとも直流成分を除去することにより第2信号を生成するフィルタ部と、
前記第2信号を調整して第3信号を生成するリミッタと、
前記第3信号を前記入力画像信号に加算して前記出力画像を表す出力画像信号を生成する加算器と、を備える画像強調装置。 - 前記非線形処理部は、前記入力画像信号の冪乗を前記第1信号として生成する、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。
- 前記非線形処理部は、前記入力画像信号の冪乗根を前記第1信号として生成する、請求項1に記載の画像強調装置。
- 入力画像を鮮鋭化した出力画像を生成する画像強調装置における画像強調方法であって、
前記画像強調装置による処理手順が、
前記入力画像を表す入力画像信号に非線形処理を行い第1信号を生成する非線形処理ステップであって、前記入力画像信号に対して前記第1信号が連続した非線形関数として表され、且つ、前記入力画像信号に含まれない周波数成分を生成する非線形処理を行う非線形処理ステップと、
前記第1信号に含まれる周波数成分の少なくとも直流成分を除去することにより第2信号を生成するステップと、
前記第2信号を調整して第3信号を生成するステップと、
前記第3信号を前記入力画像信号に加算して前記出力画像を表す出力画像信号を生成するステップと、を含む画像強調方法。 - 前記非線形処理ステップにおいて、前記入力画像信号の冪乗を前記第1信号として生成する、請求項4に記載の画像強調方法。
- 前記非線形処理ステップにおいて、前記入力画像信号の冪乗根を前記第1信号として生成する、請求項4に記載の画像強調方法。
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EP13827925.2A EP2884734B1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-08-07 | Image emphasizing device and image emphasizing method |
KR1020147034083A KR20150043244A (ko) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-08-07 | 화상 강조 장치 및 화상 강조 방법 |
CN201380029164.0A CN104335568B (zh) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-08-07 | 图像增强装置、图像增强方法 |
US14/404,558 US9471962B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-08-07 | Image enhancement apparatus and image enhancement method |
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-
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- 2013-08-07 WO PCT/JP2013/071899 patent/WO2014025067A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-08-07 US US14/404,558 patent/US9471962B2/en active Active
- 2013-08-07 EP EP13827925.2A patent/EP2884734B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-08-07 KR KR1020147034083A patent/KR20150043244A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-08-07 CN CN201380029164.0A patent/CN104335568B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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See also references of EP2884734A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9471962B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 |
EP2884734A1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
JP5396626B1 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2884734A4 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
US20150146995A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
CN104335568A (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
EP2884734B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
CN104335568B (zh) | 2017-10-31 |
KR20150043244A (ko) | 2015-04-22 |
JP2014036383A (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
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