WO2010108860A1 - Composition comprenant un phosphate de cerium et/ou de terbium, de type coeur/coquille, luminophore issu de cette composition et leurs procedes de preparation - Google Patents
Composition comprenant un phosphate de cerium et/ou de terbium, de type coeur/coquille, luminophore issu de cette composition et leurs procedes de preparation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010108860A1 WO2010108860A1 PCT/EP2010/053596 EP2010053596W WO2010108860A1 WO 2010108860 A1 WO2010108860 A1 WO 2010108860A1 EP 2010053596 W EP2010053596 W EP 2010053596W WO 2010108860 A1 WO2010108860 A1 WO 2010108860A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7766—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
- C09K11/7777—Phosphates
- C09K11/7778—Phosphates with alkaline earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising a cerium and / or terbium phosphate, optionally with lanthanum, of core / shell type, a luminophore resulting from this composition and processes for their preparation.
- LaCeT phosphates Mixed phosphates of lanthanum, cerium and terbium, hereinafter referred to as LaCeT phosphates, are well known for their luminescence properties. They emit a bright green light when they are irradiated by certain energetic radiations of wavelengths lower than those of the visible range (UV or VUV radiations for lighting or visualization systems). Phosphors exploiting this property are commonly used on an industrial scale, for example in fluorescent tri-chromium lamps, in backlight systems for liquid crystal displays or in plasma systems. These phosphors contain rare earths that are expensive and also subject to significant fluctuations. Reducing the cost of these luminophores is therefore an important issue.
- LaCeT phosphates are known for wet processes such as that described in patent application EP 0581621. Such a process makes it possible to improve the particle size of the phosphates with a narrow particle size distribution, which leads to particularly efficient phosphors. .
- the method described uses nitrates more particularly as rare earth salts and recommends the use of ammonia as a base which has the disadvantage of a rejection of nitrogen products. Consequently, if the process leads to efficient products, its implementation can be made more complicated to comply with increasingly stringent environmental legislation which proscribe or limit such releases. It is certainly possible to use in particular strong bases other than ammonia such as alkali hydroxides, but these induce the presence of alkali in phosphates and this presence is considered likely to degrade the luminescence properties of the phosphors.
- a first object of the invention is to provide phosphors at reduced cost.
- the composition of the invention is of the type comprising particles consisting of a mineral core and a shell homogeneously covering the mineral core, this shell being based on a rare earth phosphate (Ln) , Ln representing at least one rare earth chosen from cerium and terbium, or lanthanum in combination with at least one of the two rare earths mentioned above, and this composition is characterized in that it contains potassium in a content not more than 7000 ppm.
- Ln rare earth phosphate
- the measurement of the potassium content is made according to two techniques.
- the first is the X-ray fluorescence technique and it allows to measure levels of potassium which are at least about 100 ppm. This technique will be used more particularly for compositions comprising a phosphate or phosphors for which potassium contents are highest.
- the second technique is the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) technique - AES (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) or ICP - OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy).
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- This technique will be used more particularly here for compositions comprising a phosphate or phosphors for which the potassium contents are the lowest, especially for contents of less than about 100 ppm.
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- For rare earth we mean for the rest of the description the elements of the group constituted by scandium, yttrium and the elements of the periodic classification of atomic number included between 57 and 71 inclusively.
- specific surface is meant the specific surface B. AND. determined by adsorption of krypton.
- the surface measurements given in the present description were carried out on an ASAP2010 device after degassing the powder for 8 hours, at 200 ° C.
- compositions comprising a phosphate, hereinafter also referred to as compositions or precursors, and phosphors obtained from these precursors.
- the luminophores themselves have sufficient luminescence properties to make them directly usable in the desired applications.
- the precursors have no luminescence properties or possibly luminescence properties generally too weak for use in these same applications.
- compositions Comprising a Phosphate or Precursors
- the compositions comprising a phosphate of the invention are characterized first of all by their specific structure of the core / shell type which will be described below.
- the mineral core is based on a material which may be in particular a mineral oxide or a phosphate.
- the oxides there may be mentioned in particular the oxides of zirconium, zinc, titanium, magnesium, aluminum (alumina) and one or more rare earths, one of them possibly being able to role of dopant.
- the rare earth oxide gadolinium oxide, ytthium oxide and cerium oxide may be mentioned more particularly.
- Yttrium oxide, gadolinium oxide and alumina may be chosen preferably.
- orthophosphates of one or more rare earths one of which may possibly act as a dopant, such as lanthanum (LaPO 4 ), lanthanum and cerium
- the core material is a lanthanum orthophosphate, a gadolinium orthophosphate or an yttrium orthophosphate.
- alkaline earth phosphates such as Ca 2 P 2 O 7 , zirconium phosphate ZrP 2 O 7 , and alkaline earth hydroxylapatites.
- mineral compounds such as vanadates, in particular rare earth (YVO 4 ), germanates, silica, silicates, in particular zinc or zirconium silicate, tungstates, molybdates, sulphates, are suitable.
- YVO 4 rare earth
- germanates such as germanates, silica, silicates, in particular zinc or zirconium silicate, tungstates, molybdates, sulphates
- borates such as borates (YBO 3 , GdBO 3 ), carbonates and titanates (such as BaTiO 3 ), zirconates, alkaline earth metal aluminates, optionally doped with a rare earth, such as barium aluminates and / or magnesium, such as MgAl 2 O 4 , BaAl 2 O 4 , or
- mixed oxides in particular rare earth oxides, for example mixed oxides of zirconium and cerium, mixed phosphates, in particular rare earths, and phosphovanadates, may be suitable.
- the core material may have particular optical properties, including reflective properties of UV radiation.
- the mineral core is based on is meant a set comprising at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, and more preferably at least 80% or 90% by weight of the material in question.
- the core may consist essentially of said material (ie at a content of at least 95% by weight, for example at least 98%, or even at least 99% by weight) or entirely constituted by this material. material.
- the core is made of a dense material which corresponds in fact to a generally well-crystallized material or to a material whose surface area is low.
- low specific surface area is meant a specific surface area of at most 5 m 2 / g, more particularly at most 2 m 2 / g, even more particularly at most 1 m 2 / g, and especially from plus 0.6 m 2 / g.
- the core is based on a temperature-stable material.
- a temperature-stable material By this is meant a material whose melting point is at an elevated temperature, which does not degrade to a troublesome by-product for application as a luminophore at the same temperature and which remains crystallized and therefore does not become a material. amorphous still at this same temperature.
- the high temperature referred to herein is a temperature at least greater than 900 ° C., preferably at least greater than 1000 ° C. and even more preferably at least 1200 ° C.
- the third variant consists in using for the core a material which combines the characteristics of the two previous variants, thus a material with a low specific surface area and temperature stability.
- the fact of using a heart according to at least one of the variants described above offers several advantages.
- the core / shell structure of the precursor is particularly well preserved in the resulting phosphor, which makes it possible to obtain a maximum cost advantage.
- the phosphors obtained from the precursors of the invention in the manufacture of which a core has been used according to at least one of the abovementioned variants have photoluminescence yields which are not only identical but in some cases higher than those of a phosphor of the same composition but which does not have the core-shell structure.
- the core materials can be densified, especially using the known technique of molten salts. This technique involves bringing the material to be densified to a high temperature, for example at least
- a melting agent which may be chosen from chlorides (sodium chloride, potassium chloride for example), fluorides
- lithium fluoride for example
- borates lithium borate
- carbonates or boric acid.
- the core may have a mean diameter of in particular between 1 and 10 microns. These diameter values can be determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by random counting of at least 150 particles.
- the dimensions of the core, as well as those of the shell which will be described later, can also be measured, in particular, in transmission electron microscopy photographs of the phosphates / precursors sections of the invention.
- the other structure characteristic of the compositions / precursors of the invention is the shell.
- This shell homogeneously covers the core to a given thickness, which according to a particular embodiment of the invention is equal to or greater than 300 nm.
- homogeneous is meant a continuous layer, completely covering the core and whose thickness is preferably never less than a given value, for example at 300 nm in the case of a shell according to the particular embodiment supra. This homogeneity is particularly visible on scanning electron microscopy photographs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements also reveal the presence of two distinct compositions between the core and the shell.
- the thickness of the shell may be more particularly at least 500 nm. It may be equal to or less than 2000 nm (2 ⁇ m), more particularly equal to or less than 1000 nm.
- the shell is based on a specific rare earth phosphate (Ln) which will be described more precisely below.
- the phosphate of the shell is essentially, the presence of other residual phosphate species being indeed possible, and, preferably, completely orthophosphate type.
- Shell phosphate is a phosphate of cerium or terbium or a combination of these two rare earths. It can also be a lanthanum phosphate in combination with at least one of these two rare earths mentioned above and it can also be very particularly a phosphate of lanthanum, cerium and terbium.
- the phosphate of the shell essentially comprises a product which can satisfy the following general formula (1):
- x may be more particularly between 0.2 and 0.98 and even more particularly between 0.4 and 0.95. If at least one of x and y is different from O in formula (1), preferably z is at most 0.5, and z may be between 0.05 and 0.2 and more preferably between 0. , 1 and 0.2.
- x may range from 0.2 to 0.7 and more particularly from 0.3 to 0.6. If z is equal to 0, y may be more particularly between 0.02 and
- z may be more particularly between 0.05 and 0.6 and even more particularly between 0.08 and 0.3.
- z may be more particularly between 0.1 and 0.4.
- the presence of the other phosphated residual species mentioned above may cause the molar ratio Ln (all the rare earths) / PO 4 to be less than 1 for all the phosphate of the shell.
- the shell phosphate may comprise other elements that typically play a role, in particular promoting the luminescence properties or stabilizing the oxidation levels of the cerium and terbium elements.
- these elements mention may be made more particularly of boron and other rare earths such as scandium, yttrium, lutetium and gadolinium. When lanthanum is present, the aforementioned rare earths may be more particularly present in substitution for this element.
- These promoter or stabilizer elements are present in an amount generally of at most 1% by weight of element relative to the total weight of the phosphate of the shell in the case of boron and generally at most 30% for the other elements. mentioned above.
- the shell phosphate may have three types of crystalline structure according to the embodiments of the invention. These crystalline structures can be highlighted by XRD.
- the shell phosphate may first have a monazite crystal structure.
- the phosphate may have a rhabdophane type structure.
- the phosphate of the shell may have a mixed type structure rhabdophane / monazite.
- the monazite-type structure corresponds to the compositions having undergone heat treatment at the end of their preparation at a temperature generally of at least 650 ° C.
- the rhabdophane structure corresponds to the compositions which have not undergone heat treatment at the end of their preparation or have undergone a heat treatment at a temperature generally not exceeding 500 ° C., in particular between 400 ° C. and 500 ° C.
- the mixed rhabdophane / monazite type structure corresponds to the compositions having undergone heat treatment at a temperature above 500 ° C. and up to a temperature of less than about 650 ° C.
- the phosphate is generally hydrated; however, simple drying, operated for example between 60 and 100 0 C, sufficient to remove most of this residual water and lead to a substantially anhydrous rare earth phosphate, the minor amounts of remaining water being removed for their part by calcinations conducted at higher temperatures and above about 400 ° C.
- the shell phosphates are phasically pure, that is to say that the X-ray diffractograms show only one single monazite or rhabdophane phase according to the embodiments. Nevertheless, the phosphate can also not be phasically pure and in this case, the DRX diffractogram of the products shows the presence of very minor residual phases.
- compositions of the invention is the presence of potassium.
- this potassium is present predominantly in the shell, by which is meant at least 50% of the potassium, preferably essentially, by which is meant at least about 80% of the potassium, or even totally in it.
- Potassium when in the shell, is not thought to be present in the shell simply as a mixture with the other constituents of shell phosphate but is chemically bound with one or more constituent chemical elements.
- phosphate The chemical character of this bond can be demonstrated by the fact that a simple washing, with pure water and under atmospheric pressure, does not make it possible to eliminate the potassium present in the phosphate of the shell.
- the potassium content is at most 7000 ppm, more particularly at most 6000 ppm. This content is expressed, here and for the entire description, in mass of potassium element relative to the total mass of the composition.
- this potassium content of the composition may depend on the embodiments described above, that is to say the crystalline structure of the phosphate shell.
- this content may more particularly be at most 4000 ppm and even more particularly at most 3000 ppm.
- the potassium content may be higher than in the previous case. It may be even more particularly at most 5000 ppm.
- the minimum potassium content is not critical. It may correspond to the minimum value detectable by the analytical technique used to measure the potassium content. However, generally this minimum content is at least 300 ppm, regardless of the crystalline structure of the phosphate shell.
- the potassium content may be between 3000 and 4000 ppm.
- the composition contains, as alkaline element, only potassium.
- compositions / precursors of the invention consist of particles which have an average diameter which is preferably between 1, 5 microns and 15 microns. This diameter may more particularly be between 3 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m and even more particularly between 4 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter referred to is the volume average of the diameters of a particle population.
- the granulometry values given here and for the remainder of the description are measured by the laser granulometry technique, for example by means of a Malvern laser particle size analyzer, on a sample of particles dispersed in ultrasonic water (130 W ) while
- the particles preferably have a low dispersion index, typically at most 0.7, more particularly at most 0.6 and even more particularly at most 0.5.
- D 84 is the particle diameter for which 84% of the particles have a diameter less than D 84 ;
- DI 6 is the particle diameter for which 16% of the particles have a diameter less than Di 6 ;
- D 50 is the average diameter of the particles, diameter for which 50% of the particles have a diameter less than D 50 .
- the compositions or precursors according to the invention exhibit luminescence properties at variable wavelengths depending on the composition of the product and after exposure to a given wavelength radius (for example emission at a length of wave of about 540 nm, that is to say in the green after exposure to a wavelength of 254 nm for lanthanum phosphate, cerium and terbium), it is possible and even necessary to to further improve these luminescence properties by proceeding with the products to post-treatments, and this in order to obtain a real luminophore directly usable as such in the desired application. It is understood that the boundary between a single rare earth phosphate and a real phosphor remains arbitrary, and depends on the only luminescence threshold from which it is considered that a product can be directly implemented in a manner acceptable to a user.
- compositions according to the invention which have not been subjected to thermal treatments greater than approximately 900 ° C., since such products generally exhibit luminescence properties that can be judged as not satisfying the criterion minimum brightness of commercial phosphors that can be used directly and as such, without any further processing.
- compositions which, possibly after being subjected to appropriate treatments, develop suitable glosses that are sufficient to be used directly by an applicator, for example in lamps, television screens may be termed phosphors. or light-emitting diodes.
- the luminophores according to the invention are of the type comprising particles consisting of a mineral core and a shell homogeneously covering the mineral core, this shell being based on a rare earth phosphate (Ln), Ln representing either at least one rare earth chosen from cerium and terbium, namely lanthanum in combination with at least one of the two rare earths mentioned above, and they are characterized in that the rare earth phosphate of the shell has a crystalline structure of monazite type and in that they contain potassium, the potassium content being at most 350 ppm, more particularly at most 200 ppm.
- the phosphors of the invention have characteristics in common with the compositions or precursors which have just been described.
- the particles of the phosphors may thus have an average diameter of between 1.5 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m. .mu.m.
- the rare earth phosphate (Ln) of the shell also has, in a form of orthophosphate, a composition substantially identical to that of the phosphate shell of the precursors.
- the relative proportions of lanthanum, cerium and terbium which have been given above for the precursors also apply here.
- the shell phosphate may comprise the promoter or stabilizer elements which have been mentioned above and in the indicated proportions.
- Phosphate shell phosphors have a monazite crystal structure. As for phosphorus, this crystalline structure can also be highlighted by DRX. According to a preferred embodiment, this shell phosphate may be phasically pure, that is to say that the XRD diffractograms show only the single monazite phase. Nevertheless, this phosphate can also not be phasically pure and in this case, the X-ray diffractograms of the products show the presence of very minor residual phases.
- the phosphor of the invention contains potassium in the maximum levels which have been given above. These contents are expressed, again, in mass of potassium element relative to the total mass of the phosphor. It should be noted further that the potassium content may more particularly be at most 150 ppm, and more particularly at most 100 ppm.
- this potassium is present predominantly in the shell, by which is meant at least 50% of the potassium, preferably essentially, by this is meant at least about
- the minimum potassium content is not critical.
- it can correspond to the minimum value detectable by the analysis technique used to measure the potassium content.
- this minimum content is at least 10 ppm, more particularly at least 40 ppm and even more particularly at least 50 ppm.
- This potassium content may more particularly be between a value equal to or greater than 100 ppm and at most 350 ppm or even between a value greater than 200 ppm and 350 ppm.
- the phosphor contains, as an alkaline element, only potassium.
- the particles constituting the phosphors of the invention may have a substantially spherical shape. These particles are dense.
- the process for preparing the compositions or precursors is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- a first solution containing chlorides of one or more rare earths (Ln) is continuously introduced into a second solution containing particles of the mineral core and phosphate ions and having an initial pH of less than 2;
- the pH of the medium thus obtained is checked at a constant value and less than 2, whereby a precipitate is obtained, the pH at second solution for the first step or pH control for the second step or both being made at least partly with potash;
- the rare earth phosphate of the shell is of crystalline structure of the monazite type, it is calcined at a temperature of at least 650 ° C., more particularly between 700 ° C. and 900 ° C;
- the rare earth phosphate of the shell is of crystalline structure of the rhabdophane type or of the mixed rhabdophane / monazite type, it is calcined, optionally, at a temperature below 650 ° C. ;
- the product obtained is redispersed in hot water and then separated from the liquid medium.
- a direct precipitation is carried out at controlled pH of a rare earth phosphate (Ln), and this by reacting a first solution containing chlorides of one or more rare earths (Ln), these elements being then present in the proportions required to obtain the desired composition product, with a second solution containing phosphate ions and particles of the inorganic core, these particles being maintained in the dispersed state in said solution.
- Ln rare earth phosphate
- a core is chosen in the form of particles having a particle size adapted to that of the composition that is to be prepared.
- the particles are of isotropic morphology, advantageously substantially spherical.
- the initial pH of the solution containing the phosphate ions must be less than 2, and preferably between 1 and 2.
- the pH of the precipitation medium must then be controlled at a pH value of less than 2, and preferably of between 1 and 2.
- controlled pH is meant a maintenance of the pH of the precipitation medium to a certain value, constant or substantially constant, by addition of a basic compound in the solution containing the phosphate ions, and this simultaneously with the introduction into this last of the solution containing the rare earth chlorides.
- the pH of the medium will thus vary by at most 0.5 pH units around the fixed set point, and more preferably by at most
- the fixed set value will advantageously correspond to the initial pH (less than 2) of the solution containing the phosphate ions.
- Precipitation is preferably carried out in an aqueous medium at a temperature which is not critical and which is advantageously between room temperature (15 ° C - 25 ° C) and 100 ° C. This precipitation takes place with stirring. reaction medium.
- concentrations of rare earth chlorides in the first solution can vary within wide limits. Thus, the total concentration of rare earths can be between 0.01 mol / liter and 3 mol / liter.
- rare earth chlorides may further comprise other metal salts, including chlorides, such as salts of the promoter or stabilizer elements described above, that is to say boron and other rare earths.
- Phosphate ions intended to react with the solution of the rare earth chlorides can be provided by pure or in solution compounds, for example phosphoric acid, alkali phosphates or other metallic elements giving with the anions associated with the rare earths a soluble compound.
- the phosphate ions are present in an amount such that there is, between the two solutions, a molar ratio PO 4 / Ln greater than 1, and advantageously between 1, 1 and 3.
- the solution containing the phosphate ions and the particles of the inorganic core must have initially (ie before the beginning of the introduction of the solution of rare earth chlorides) a pH lower than 2, and preferably between 1 and 2 .
- the solution used does not naturally have such a pH, the latter is brought to the desired suitable value either by adding a basic compound or by adding an acid (for example hydrochloric acid, in the case of an initial solution with too high pH).
- the pH of the precipitation medium gradually decreases; also, according to one of the essential features of the process according to the invention, for the purpose of maintaining the pH of the precipitation medium at the desired constant working value, which must be less than 2 and preferably between 1 and 2, a basic compound is introduced simultaneously into this medium.
- the basic compound which is used either to bring the initial pH of the second solution containing the phosphate ions to a value of less than 2 or to control the pH during the precipitation is, at less in part, potash.
- potash By “at least in part” is meant that it is possible to use a mixture of basic compounds of which at least one is potash.
- the other basic compound may be, for example, ammonia.
- a basic compound which is only potash is used and according to another even more preferred embodiment potash alone is used and for the two aforementioned operations, that is both to bring the pH of the second solution at the appropriate value and for the control of the precipitation pH.
- the rejection of nitrogen products which may be provided by a basic compound such as ammonia is reduced or eliminated.
- a rare earth phosphate (Ln) deposited as a shell is obtained directly on the mineral core particles, optionally supplemented with other elements.
- the overall concentration of rare earths in the final precipitation medium is then advantageously greater than 0.25 mol / liter.
- the phosphate precipitate can be recovered by any means known per se, in particular by simple filtration. Indeed, under the conditions of the process according to the invention, a compound comprising a non-gelatinous and filterable rare earth phosphate is precipitated.
- the recovered product is then washed, for example with water, and then dried.
- the product can then be subjected to heat treatment or calcination.
- This calcination can be implemented or not and at different temperatures depending on the structure of the phosphate that one seeks to obtain.
- the duration of calcination is generally lower as the temperature is high. By way of example only, this duration can be between 1 and 3 hours.
- Heat treatment is usually done under air.
- the calcination temperature is at least about 400 ° C. and is usually at most about 500 ° C. in the case of a product whose shell phosphate has a rhabdophane structure, a structure which is also presented for the non-calcined product from the precipitation.
- the calcination temperature is generally greater than 500 ° C. and may be up to a temperature below about 650 ° C.
- the calcination temperature is at least 650 ° C and may be between about 700 ° C and a temperature which is less than 1000 0 C, more particularly at most 900 ° C.
- the product resulting from the calcination or from the precipitation, in the absence of heat treatment is then redispersed in hot water.
- This redispersion is done by introducing the solid product into the water and stirring.
- the suspension thus obtained is kept stirring for a period which may be between 1 and 6 hours, more particularly between 1 and 3 hours.
- the temperature of the water may be at least 30 ° C., more particularly at least 60 ° C. and may be between about 30 ° C. and 90 ° C., preferably between 60 ° C. and 90 ° C. at atmospheric pressure. It is possible to carry out this operation under pressure, for example in an autoclave, at a temperature which can then be between 100 ° C. and 200 ° C., more particularly between 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. In a final step is separated by any known means, for example by simple filtration of the solid liquid medium. It is possible to repeat, one or more times, the redispersion step under the conditions described above, possibly at a temperature different from that at which the first redispersion was conducted.
- the separated product can be washed, especially with water, and can be dried.
- the luminophores of the invention are obtained by calcination at a temperature of at least 1000 ° C. of the compositions or precursors as described above or of the compositions or precursors obtained by the process which has also been described above. This temperature can be between 1000 0 C and 1300 ° C.
- compositions or precursors are converted into effective phosphors.
- the precursors themselves may have intrinsic luminescence properties, these properties are generally insufficient for the intended applications and are greatly improved by the calcination treatment.
- the calcination can be carried out under air, under an inert gas but also and preferably under a reducing atmosphere (H 2 , N 2 / H 2 or Ar / H 2 for example), in the latter case, to convert all the species This and Tb at their oxidation state (+ III).
- a reducing atmosphere H 2 , N 2 / H 2 or Ar / H 2 for example
- the calcination can be carried out in the presence of a flux or fluxing agent such as, for example, lithium fluoride, lithium tetraborate, lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, chloride ammonium, boric oxide and boric acid and ammonium phosphates, and mixtures thereof.
- a flux or fluxing agent such as, for example, lithium fluoride, lithium tetraborate, lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, chloride ammonium, boric oxide and boric acid and ammonium phosphates, and mixtures thereof.
- a luminophore which exhibits luminescence properties which, generally, are at least equivalent to those of known phosphors.
- the most important advantage here of the invention is that the phosphors come from precursors which are themselves derived from a process which rejects less or no nitrogen products than the known processes.
- the precursors of the invention make it possible to obtain luminophores whose luminescence properties are greater than those phosphors obtained from precursors of the prior art for the same calcination temperature.
- This advantage can also be expressed by saying that the precursors of the invention make it possible to obtain phosphors with the same luminescence properties more rapidly, that is to say at lower temperatures, than the phosphors originating from the precursors of the invention. prior art.
- the particles are advantageously washed, so as to obtain the purest phosphor possible and in a deagglomerated or weakly agglomerated state.
- the phosphors of the invention resulting from a fluxless calcination have, compared to phosphors of the prior art obtained under the same calcination conditions, an improved luminescence efficiency. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it may be thought that this better yield is the consequence of a better crystallization of the phosphors of the invention, this better crystallization also being the consequence of a better crystallization of the compositions / precursors.
- the heat treatment can be conducted without inducing sensitive phenomena of diffusion of the species Ce and Tb from the outer phosphor layer to the core.
- the phosphor is obtained directly without stopping at the precursor.
- the luminophores of the invention exhibit intense luminescence properties for electromagnetic excitations corresponding to the various absorption domains of the product.
- the cerium and terbium phosphors of the invention can be used in lighting or visualization systems having an excitation source in the UV range (200-280 nm), for example around 254 nm .
- the trichromatic mercury vapor lamps in particular of the tubular type, the lamps for backlighting of liquid crystal systems, in tubular or planar form (LCD Back Lighting). They exhibit a high gloss under excitation
- the phosphors based on terbium and lanthanum or lanthanum, cerium and terbium of the invention are also good candidates as green phosphors for VUV (or "plasma") excitation systems, such as for example plasma screens. and mercury-free trichromatic lamps, especially Xenon excitation lamps (tubular or planar).
- the luminophores of the invention have a high green emission under VUV excitation (for example, around 147 nm and 172 nm).
- the phosphors are stable under VUV excitation.
- the phosphors of the invention can also be used as green phosphors in LED devices. They can be used especially in systems excitable in the near UV.
- the luminophores of the invention can be implemented in lamp and screen systems by well known techniques, for example by screen printing, sputtering, electrophoresis or sedimentation.
- organic matrices for example, plastic matrices or transparent polymers under UV .
- mineral for example, silica
- organo-mineral hybrids for example, silica
- the invention also relates to luminescent devices of the above-mentioned type, comprising, as a source of green luminescence, the phosphors as described above or the phosphors obtained from the process also described above. Examples will now be given. In the following examples, the products prepared were characterized in terms of granulometry, morphology, composition and properties by the following methods.
- Potassium content The potassium content is determined, as previously indicated, by two measurement techniques.
- For the X-ray fluorescence technique it is a semi-quantitative analysis performed on the powder of the product as such.
- the apparatus used is PANalytical's MagiX PRO PW 2540 Fluorescence Spectrometer.
- the ICP-AES (or OES) technique is carried out by performing a quantitative assay by additions dosed with a ULTIMA device of JOBIN YVON. The samples are previously subjected to mineralization (or digestion) in a nitric-perchloric medium assisted by microwaves in closed reactors. (MARS system - CEM).
- Luminescence The photoluminescence (PL) yield is measured on the powdered products by comparing the areas under the emission spectrum curve between 450 nm and 750 nm recorded with a spectrophotometer under excitation of 254 nm and assigning a value of 100% to the area obtained for the comparative product.
- Particle diameters were determined using a Coulter laser granulometer (Malvern 2000) on a sample of particles dispersed in ultrasonic water (130 W) for 1 minute 30 seconds.
- Electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy is performed on a section (microtomy) of the particles, using a JEOL 2010 FEG high resolution TEM microscope.
- the spatial resolution of the apparatus for chemical composition measurements by EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) is ⁇ 2 nm.
- the correlation of observed morphologies and measured chemical compositions makes it possible to highlight the core-shell structure, and to measure the thickness of the shell on the plates.
- the measurements of chemical composition can also be carried out by EDS on plates made by STEM HAADF.
- the measurement corresponds to an average performed on at least two spectra.
- X diffractograms were made using CuK ⁇ as with copper anti-cathode according to the Bragg-Brendano method.
- the resolution is selected to be sufficient to separate lines of the LaPO 4: Ce, Tb and LaPO 4, preferably it is ⁇ (2 ⁇ ) ⁇ 0.02 °.
- Comparative Example 1 In 500 ml of a phosphoric acid solution H 3 PO 4 previously brought to pH 1, 4 by addition of ammonia and brought to 60 ° C., 500 ml of a nitrate solution are added in one hour. of rare earths with an overall concentration of 1, 5 mol / l and decomposing as follows: 0.855 mol / l of lanthanum nitrate, 0.435 mol / l of cerium nitrate and 0.21 mol / l of terbium nitrate. The phosphate / rare earth molar ratio is 1.15. The pH during the precipitation is regulated to 1, 3 by addition of ammonia.
- composition precursor (Lao, 57Ceo, 29Tbo, - ⁇ 4 ) PO 4 is obtained.
- the particle size (D 5 o) is 6.7 ⁇ m, with a dispersion index of 0.4.
- This example describes a precursor according to the invention comprising a LaPO 4 core and a shell based on a phosphate (LaCeTb) PO 4 type . Synthesis of the heart
- the reaction medium is further maintained for 1 h at 60 ° C.
- the precipitate is then easily recovered by filtration, washed with water and then dried at 60 ° C. in air.
- the powder obtained is then subjected to a heat treatment at 900 ° C. in air.
- the powder is then calcined for 2 hours in the presence of 1% by weight of LiF at 1100 ° C. under a reducing atmosphere (Ar / H 2 ).
- a monazite phase rare earth phosphate with a specific surface area of 0.5 m 2 / g is then obtained.
- the average diameter of the core thus obtained, measured by SEM, is 3.2 ⁇ m.
- the solution After ripening, the solution is allowed to cool to 30 ° C. and the product is recovered. It is then filtered on frit, and washed with two volumes of water and then dried and calcined for 2 hours at 700 ° C. under air.
- the product obtained is redispersed in water at 80 ° C for 3h, then washed and filtered, and finally dried.
- a monazite phase rare earth phosphate is then obtained, having two monazite crystalline phases of distinct compositions, namely LaPO 4 and (La 1 Ce 1 Tb) PO 4 .
- This precursor according to the invention contains 1600 ppm of potassium.
- the average particle size (D 5 o) is 6.5 ⁇ m, with a dispersion index of 0.4.
- a TEM plate is made on the resin-coated product, prepared by ultramicrotomy (thickness -100 nm) and placed on a perforated membrane.
- the particles are seen in section. In this photograph, we see a section of particle, whose heart is spherical and is surrounded by a shell of average thickness of 1 micron.
- This example relates to a luminophore obtained from the precursor of Comparative Example 1.
- the precursor powder obtained in this example is calcined for 2 h under an Ar / H 2 (5% hydrogen) atmosphere at 1100 ° C.
- the result is this step a LAP phosphor.
- the average particle size (D 50 ) is 6.8 ⁇ m, with a dispersion index of 0.4.
- the product composition is (La 0, 0 57Ce, 29Tbo, i 4) PO 4, 15.5% by weight of terbium oxide (Tb 4 O 7) relative to the sum of rare earth oxides.
- the efficiency of the phosphor (PL) thus obtained is measured as described above and is normalized to 100%.
- This example relates to a core-shell phosphor LaPO 4 / (LaCeTb) PO 4 according to the invention.
- Example 2 The precursor powder obtained in Example 2 is calcined for 2 hours at 1100 ° C. under an Ar / H 2 (5% hydrogen) atmosphere. At the end of this step, a core-shell phosphor is obtained.
- the average particle size (D 5 o) is 6.7 ⁇ m, with a dispersion index of 0.4.
- the phosphor contains 80 ppm potassium.
- the photoluminescence (PL) yields of the products obtained are given in the table below.
- the phosphor of the invention has a photoluminescence at least equal to that of the comparative product despite a lower terbium content.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2752196A CA2752196C (fr) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-19 | Composition comprenant un phosphate de cerium et/ou de terbium, de type coeur/coquille, luminophore issu de cette composition et leurs procedes de preparation |
CN201080012840XA CN102361954A (zh) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-19 | 包含铈和/或铽的磷酸盐的核/壳型组合物,由这种组合物获得的发光材料及其制备方法 |
JP2012501257A JP5525031B2 (ja) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-19 | コア/シェルのセリウムおよび/またはテルビウムリン酸塩を含有する組成物、前記組成物からの発光体、およびこの調製方法 |
KR1020117022405A KR101316984B1 (ko) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-19 | 코어/쉘 세륨 및/또는 테르븀 포스페이트를 함유하는 조성물, 상기 조성물로부터의 인광체, 및 이들의 제조 방법 |
EP10709728A EP2417214A1 (fr) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-19 | Composition comprenant un phosphate de cerium et/ou de terbium, de type coeur/coquille, luminophore issu de cette composition et leurs procedes de preparation |
US13/259,304 US20120049117A1 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-19 | Composition containing a core/shell cerium and/or terbium phosphate, phosphor from said composition, and methods for preparing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0901372A FR2943658B1 (fr) | 2009-03-24 | 2009-03-24 | Composition comprenant un phosphate de cerium et/ou de terbium,de type coeur/coquille,luminophore issu de cette composition et leurs procedes de preparation |
FR0901372 | 2009-03-24 |
Publications (1)
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WO2010108860A1 true WO2010108860A1 (fr) | 2010-09-30 |
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PCT/EP2010/053596 WO2010108860A1 (fr) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-03-19 | Composition comprenant un phosphate de cerium et/ou de terbium, de type coeur/coquille, luminophore issu de cette composition et leurs procedes de preparation |
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US (1) | US20120049117A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2417214A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5525031B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101316984B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102361954A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2752196C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2943658B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010108860A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2968649A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-15 | Rhodia Operations | Composition a base d'un aluminate, de type coeur/coquille, luminophore issu de cette composition et procedes de preparation |
US20130001471A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | General Electric Company | Core-shell phosphor and method of making the same |
US8865305B2 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2014-10-21 | General Electric Company | Core shell phosphor and method of making the same |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9123525B2 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-09-01 | General Electric Company | Phosphor materials, fluorescent lamps provided therewith, and methods therefor |
US9321959B2 (en) | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-26 | General Electric Comapny | Process of forming phosphor particles with core shell structures |
Citations (4)
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US3634282A (en) * | 1968-09-26 | 1972-01-11 | Anvar | Luminescent compounds of cerium phosphates activated by terbium |
GB2124243A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-02-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | A green-emitting phosphor and a low pressure mercury vapor lamp employing this phosphor |
EP0581621A1 (fr) | 1992-07-29 | 1994-02-02 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Nouveaux luminophores verts à base de phosphate mixte de lanthane, cerium et terbium, précurseurs de ceux-ci et procédés de synthèse |
WO2008012266A1 (fr) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-01-31 | Rhodia Operations | Precurseurs de luminophores et luminophores coeur-coquille |
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JPS57133182A (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-17 | Toshiba Corp | Fluorescent substance |
FR2694281B1 (fr) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-09-16 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procédé de préparation de phosphates de terres rares et produits obtenus. |
JP3102158B2 (ja) * | 1992-10-08 | 2000-10-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 蛍光体の製造方法および蛍光ランプ |
FR2817770B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-08 | 2003-11-28 | Rhodia Terres Rares | Dispersion colloidale aqueuse de phosphate de terre rare et procede de preparation |
-
2009
- 2009-03-24 FR FR0901372A patent/FR2943658B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-03-19 JP JP2012501257A patent/JP5525031B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-19 US US13/259,304 patent/US20120049117A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-03-19 WO PCT/EP2010/053596 patent/WO2010108860A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-03-19 EP EP10709728A patent/EP2417214A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-19 CA CA2752196A patent/CA2752196C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-19 CN CN201080012840XA patent/CN102361954A/zh active Pending
- 2010-03-19 KR KR1020117022405A patent/KR101316984B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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US3634282A (en) * | 1968-09-26 | 1972-01-11 | Anvar | Luminescent compounds of cerium phosphates activated by terbium |
GB2124243A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-02-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | A green-emitting phosphor and a low pressure mercury vapor lamp employing this phosphor |
EP0581621A1 (fr) | 1992-07-29 | 1994-02-02 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Nouveaux luminophores verts à base de phosphate mixte de lanthane, cerium et terbium, précurseurs de ceux-ci et procédés de synthèse |
WO2008012266A1 (fr) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-01-31 | Rhodia Operations | Precurseurs de luminophores et luminophores coeur-coquille |
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FINKE B ET AL: "Optical properties of potassium rare earth orthophosphates of the type K3RE(PO4)2", JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 60-61, 1 April 1994 (1994-04-01), pages 971 - 974, XP024462820, ISSN: 0022-2313, [retrieved on 19940401] * |
JUNGOWSKA ET AL: "The system LaPO4-CaKPO4", SOLID STATE SCIENCES, ELSEVIER, PARIS, FR, vol. 9, no. 3-4, 20 April 2007 (2007-04-20), pages 318 - 321, XP022036850, ISSN: 1293-2558 * |
KARPOVICH L ET AL: "Synthesis and characterization of mixed-morphology CePO4 nanoparticles", JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY, ORLANDO, FL, US, vol. 180, 1 January 2007 (2007-01-01), pages 840 - 846, XP002508183, ISSN: 0022-4596 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8865305B2 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2014-10-21 | General Electric Company | Core shell phosphor and method of making the same |
FR2968649A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-15 | Rhodia Operations | Composition a base d'un aluminate, de type coeur/coquille, luminophore issu de cette composition et procedes de preparation |
WO2012079863A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-21 | Rhodia Operations | Composition a base d'un aluminate, de type coeur/coquille, luminophore issu de cette composition et procedes de preparation |
CN103261367A (zh) * | 2010-12-14 | 2013-08-21 | 罗地亚管理公司 | 包含核-壳铝酸盐的组合物,由所述的组合物获得的荧光粉及制备方法 |
KR101529405B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-14 | 2015-06-16 | 로디아 오퍼레이션스 | 코어-쉘 알루미네이트를 함유하는 조성물, 상기 조성물로부터 수득되는 인광체 및 제조 방법 |
US9290693B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2016-03-22 | Rhodia Operations | Composition containing a core-shell aluminate, phosphor obtained from said composition, and preparation methods |
US20130001471A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | General Electric Company | Core-shell phosphor and method of making the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102361954A (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
US20120049117A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
FR2943658B1 (fr) | 2011-07-22 |
JP2012521460A (ja) | 2012-09-13 |
CA2752196C (fr) | 2014-03-11 |
KR20110129439A (ko) | 2011-12-01 |
JP5525031B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
CA2752196A1 (fr) | 2010-09-30 |
EP2417214A1 (fr) | 2012-02-15 |
KR101316984B1 (ko) | 2013-10-11 |
FR2943658A1 (fr) | 2010-10-01 |
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