WO2010104068A1 - チューブ及びそれを用いた医療用具 - Google Patents
チューブ及びそれを用いた医療用具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010104068A1 WO2010104068A1 PCT/JP2010/053874 JP2010053874W WO2010104068A1 WO 2010104068 A1 WO2010104068 A1 WO 2010104068A1 JP 2010053874 W JP2010053874 W JP 2010053874W WO 2010104068 A1 WO2010104068 A1 WO 2010104068A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tube
- polymer block
- thermoplastic elastomer
- styrene
- mass
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2274/00—Thermoplastic elastomer material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2535/00—Medical equipment, e.g. bandage, prostheses or catheter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1397—Single layer [continuous layer]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tube having good transparency, flexibility and solvent adhesion and having excellent forceps resistance, anti-sticking property and kink resistance, and a medical device using the tube.
- soft vinyl chloride that has excellent tube characteristics such as flexibility, transparency, kink resistance, and forceps resistance.
- soft vinyl chloride has been pointed out as a safety problem of eluting a low molecular weight plasticizer and an environmental problem of generating toxic gases during disposal and incineration. Therefore, in order to avoid the above problems, the applicant, as a resin composition having flexibility and suitable for medical use, has a polymer block composed of an aromatic vinyl compound and a conjugated diene polymer block as a polypropylene resin.
- the resin composition (refer patent document 1) which mix
- the tube made from this thermoplastic elastomer has transparency and flexibility, but has a point that should be improved in kink resistance, forceps resistance and anti-sticking property.
- a tube in which a specific hydrogenated styrene thermoplastic elastomer, a softening agent, or the like is blended with a polyolefin resin is known.
- a soft polymer composition (see Patent Document 4) comprising a block copolymer of polystyrene and ethylene-propylene copolymer, a block copolymer of polystyrene and ethylene-butylene copolymer, and polyolefin is known.
- multilayer tubes having different resin compositions on the surface and inside are known.
- a hydrogenated block copolymer obtained by hydrogenating a polymer block comprising a vinyl aromatic compound and a polymer block comprising a conjugated diene,
- an olefin copolymer and
- a hydrocarbon a hydrocarbon.
- a medical tube composed of a resin composition containing a rubber-based softener is known.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a tube having good transparency, flexibility, and solvent adhesion as a tube, and having excellent forceps resistance, anti-sticking property, and kink resistance, and medical treatment using the tube Is to provide tools.
- kink resistance refers to a property that can withstand abnormal deformation such as buckling that occurs when a tube is bent into a ring shape or an arc shape
- force force resistance refers to a medical forceps. This means that the inner surfaces of the tubes do not stick together when they are clamped together, and they are restored as soon as the forceps are removed.
- solvent adhesiveness refers to the fact that sufficient adhesive strength is obtained when the connectors are connected with a solvent. Refers to the nature of
- the present invention provides the following (1) and (2).
- the content of the polymer block (A) is 5 to 40% by mass relative to the total amount of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) before hydrogenation, and the hydrogenation rate of the polymer block (B) is 70% or more.
- the polymer block (B) has a 1,2-bond and a 3,4-bond content of 30 to 85 mol%
- the mass ratio [(a) / (b)] of the styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) to the polypropylene resin (b) is 90/10 to 40/60
- Ratio of diffraction peak intensity [I (14)] at scattering angle (2 ⁇ ) of 14 ° to diffraction peak intensity [I (15)] at scattering angle (2 ⁇ ) of 15 ° in wide angle X-ray diffraction [I (14) / I (15)] is 1.4 or more.
- a tube having good transparency, flexibility and solvent adhesion, and having excellent forceps resistance, anti-sticking property and kink resistance, and a medical device using the tube. can do.
- FIG. 1 is a wide-angle X-ray diffraction diagram of tubes obtained in Examples, Comparative Examples, and Reference Examples.
- the tube of the present invention is formed by molding a resin composition containing a styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) and a polypropylene resin (b).
- a resin composition containing a styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) and a polypropylene resin (b).
- Styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a)> Styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) is a block copolymer comprising at least a polymer block (A) made of an aromatic vinyl compound and a polymer block (B) made of isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene.
- Is a hydrogenated hydrogenated block copolymer wherein the content of the polymer block (A) is 5 to 40% by mass with respect to the total amount of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) before hydrogenation,
- the hydrogenation rate of the polymer block (B) is 70% or more, and the content of 1,2-bonds and 3,4-bonds in the polymer block (B) is 30 to 85 mol%.
- specific examples of the polymer block (A), the polymer block (B), and the styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) constituting the styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) will be described.
- the polymer block (A) of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) is mainly composed of structural units derived from an aromatic vinyl compound.
- “mainly” means that the aromatic vinyl compound unit is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably 100% by mass based on the mass of the polymer block (A). It means that there is.
- the aromatic vinyl compound constituting the polymer block (A) include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, and 4-propylstyrene.
- the polymer block (A) may contain only a structural unit derived from one kind of the above-described aromatic vinyl compound, or may contain a structural unit derived from two or more kinds.
- the polymer block (A) is preferably mainly composed of structural units derived from styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and p-methylstyrene, and more preferably composed mainly of structural units derived from styrene. preferable.
- the polymer block (A) may contain a small amount of a structural unit derived from another copolymerizable monomer together with a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound.
- the proportion of the structural unit derived from the other copolymerizable monomer is preferably 20% by mass or less based on the mass of the aromatic vinyl polymer block, and more preferably 10% by mass or less. preferable.
- Examples of other copolymerizable monomers include 1-butene, pentene, hexene, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,3 And monomers capable of ion polymerization such as hexadiene and methyl vinyl ether.
- the polymer block (B) of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) is mainly composed of structural units derived from isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene.
- “mainly” means that the isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene unit is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably, based on the mass of the polymer block (B). Means 100% by mass.
- the polymer block (B) is mainly composed of mixed units of 1,3-butadiene units and isoprene units, the mixing ratio of 1,3-butadiene units and isoprene units is not particularly limited.
- the polymerization form of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene is not particularly limited, and is a random copolymer, a tapered copolymer, a block copolymer, a partially block copolymer, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- the polymer block (B) may have a small amount of structural units derived from other copolymerizable monomers together with structural units derived from isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene. At this time, the proportion of the structural unit derived from the other copolymerizable monomer is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less based on the mass of the polymer block (B). preferable.
- copolymerizable monomers include styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, 4-propyl styrene, 4-cyclohexyl styrene, 4- Dodecylstyrene, 2-ethyl-4-benzylstyrene, 4- (phenylbutyl) styrene, t-butylstyrene, 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene, monofluorostyrene, difluorostyrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, methoxystyrene, Aromatic vinyl compounds such as 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, vinylanthracene, indene, acetonaphthylene, 1-but
- the hydrogenation rate of the polymer block (B), that is, the hydrogenation rate of the carbon-carbon double bond of the structural unit derived from isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene contained in the polymer block (B) is 70. % Or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more.
- the hydrogenation rate of the block (B) in the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (a) is less than 70%, the transparency of the tube obtained from the prepared resin composition tends to decrease.
- the hydrogenation rate is calculated by measuring the iodine value of the block copolymer before and after the hydrogenation reaction.
- the isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene bond form of the polymer block (B) is not limited to 1,4-bond, but in the case of isoprene, 3,4-bond and 1,2-bond are bonded to butadiene. In some cases, 1,2-bonds can be taken respectively.
- the content (vinylation degree) of 1,2-bond and 3,4-bond in the polymer block (B) is derived from isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene in the polymer block (B). Based on the structural unit, it is in the range of 30 to 85 mol%, preferably in the range of 45 to 80 mol%, more preferably in the range of 55 to 70 mol%.
- the glass transition temperature of the polymer block (B) is preferably ⁇ 50 to 30 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 50 to 10 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 45 to 10 ° C., and further preferably ⁇ 40 to 0 ° C. is there. If the glass transition temperature of the polymer block (B) is less than ⁇ 50 ° C., the transparency of the tube obtained from the prepared resin composition may be lowered.
- the glass transition temperature means a glass transition temperature measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min with a differential scanning calorimeter.
- the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) used in the present invention is a hydrogenated block copolymer containing at least one polymer block (A) and at least one polymer block (B).
- the bonding form of the polymer block (A) and the polymer block (B) is not particularly limited, and may be any of linear, branched, radial, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- the content of the polymer block (A) is 5 to 40% by mass, preferably 5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20%, based on the total amount of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) before hydrogenation. % By weight, more preferably 5 to 10% by weight.
- the content of the polymer block (A) is less than 5% by mass, the mechanical strength of the tube obtained from the prepared resin composition may be reduced. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 40% by mass, the prepared resin composition There is a tendency that the transparency of the tube obtained from is reduced.
- a tube obtained from the prepared resin composition is particularly preferable because it is excellent in kink resistance and flexibility.
- the kink resistance is affected by the anisotropy of the tube extrusion direction (MD) and the circumferential direction (TD) perpendicular thereto, and the ratio of the respective elastic moduli (M) [M (MD) / M (TD)] The smaller is the tube, the better the kink resistance.
- [M (MD) / M (TD)] of the obtained tube becomes small, and a tube having good kink resistance is obtained.
- Specific examples of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) include a polymer block composed of an aromatic vinyl compound represented by A, and a polymer block composed of isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene represented by B.
- the triblock copolymer represented by [ABA] is preferable from the viewpoint of the characteristics and handleability of the tube obtained from the prepared resin composition.
- the entire bonded polymer block is handled as one polymer block. It is.
- the polymer block which should be strictly described as [AXA], including the above-described examples, as a whole, except for the case where it is necessary to distinguish from the single polymer block A as a whole. Is displayed.
- this type of polymer block containing a coupling agent residue is handled as described above, and therefore, for example, it contains a coupling agent residue, and strictly speaking, [ABBXBA ] Is represented as [ABA] and is treated as an example of a triblock copolymer.
- the molecular weight of the polymer block (A) and the polymer block (B) is not particularly limited, but the mechanical properties and molding processability of the tube obtained from the prepared resin composition
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer block (A) is preferably 1,500 to 100,000
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer block (B) is preferably 2,500 to 400,000.
- the total weight average molecular weight of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) is preferably 4,000 to 500,000 from the viewpoints of mechanical properties, moldability and the like of the tube obtained from the prepared resin composition.
- the weight average molecular weight as used in this specification is the value calculated
- the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) includes a polymer block (A1) and a polymer block (A2) made of an aromatic vinyl compound, and a polymer block (B) made of isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene. And a block copolymer having the [A1-B-A2] type structure.
- the ratio [Mw ( A1) / Mw (A2)] is preferably 0.10 to 1.00, from the viewpoint of the fluidity of the prepared resin composition and the transparency and flexibility of the obtained tube, and preferably 0.20 to 1 0.00 is more preferable, 0.25 to 1.00 is more preferable, 0.25 to 0.60 is more preferable, and 0.25 to 0.50 is still more preferable. .
- the production method of the block copolymer is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a known method.
- it may be produced by any of ionic polymerization methods such as anionic polymerization and cationic polymerization, a single site polymerization method, and a radical polymerization method.
- anionic polymerization method for example, the following methods (i) to (iii) are exemplified.
- alkyl lithium compound examples include methyl lithium, ethyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, pentyl lithium and the like
- the coupling agent examples include dichloromethane, dibromomethane, dichloroethane, dibromoethane.
- examples of the dilithium compound include naphthalene dilithium and dilithiohexylbenzene.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator and the coupling agent such as the alkyl lithium compound and the dilithium compound are appropriately determined depending on the desired weight average molecular weight of the target styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (a).
- initiators such as alkyllithium compounds and dilithium compounds are used in an amount of 0.01 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of polymerizable monomers such as aromatic vinyl compounds, 1,3-butadiene and isoprene used for polymerization. It is used in the ratio.
- a coupling agent it is used at a ratio of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass in total of the polymerizable monomers.
- the anionic polymerization is preferably performed in the presence of a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the polymerization initiator and does not adversely affect the polymerization reaction. Examples thereof include saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, decane, toluene, benzene, and xylene.
- the polymerization reaction is usually performed at a temperature of 0 to 80 ° C., preferably 10 to 70 ° C., for 0.5 to 50 hours, preferably 1 to Can be performed for 30 hours.
- the 1,2-bond and 3,4-bond content (degree of vinylization) of the polymer block (B) of the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) is controlled to 30 to 85 mol%,
- a method of adding a Lewis base as a cocatalyst during the polymerization can be used.
- Lewis bases that can be used include ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylamine, N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylenediamine, N— And amines such as methylmorpholine. These Lewis bases can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The addition amount of the Lewis base is determined by how much the amount of bonds with the isoprene unit and / or 1,3-butadiene unit constituting the polymer block (B) is controlled.
- the amount of Lewis base added usually 0.1 to 1,000 mol per gram atom of lithium contained in the alkyllithium compound or dilithium compound used as the polymerization initiator, Preferably it is used within the range of 1 to 100 mol.
- the block copolymer contained in the polymerization reaction solution is poured into a poor solvent (such as methanol) of the block copolymer to be solidified, or the polymerization reaction solution is mixed with steam in hot water. The solvent is removed by azeotropic distillation (steam stripping) and then dried to obtain a block copolymer that is not hydrogenated.
- a poor solvent such as methanol
- a hydrogenated hydrogenated block copolymer that is, a styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a)
- a hydrogenation reaction Raney nickel; a heterogeneous catalyst in which a metal such as Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ni is supported on a carrier such as carbon, alumina, diatomaceous earth; a transition metal compound, an alkylaluminum compound, an alkyllithium compound, etc.
- the Ziegler catalyst comprising a combination of the above; in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst such as a metallocene catalyst, the block copolymer obtained above is dissolved in an inert solvent in the reaction system and reacted with hydrogen Can do.
- the hydrogen pressure is usually 0.1 to 20 MPa, preferably 0.5 to 15 MPa
- the reaction temperature is usually 20 to 250 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the reaction time is usually 0.1 to 100 hours, Preferably, it can be performed in the range of 1 to 50 hours.
- the polymerization reaction liquid can be subjected to a hydrogenation reaction as it is.
- the hydrogenation reaction liquid is poured into a poor solvent such as methanol to solidify, or the hydrogenation reaction liquid is poured into hot water together with steam and the solvent is removed azeotropically (steam stripping).
- steam stripping By drying, a hydrogenated styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) can be obtained.
- the granular and powdery styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) thus obtained can be used as it is, or, if necessary, by pelletizing using a conventionally known method, It is also possible to produce pellets of the plastic elastomer (a).
- pelletizing method for example, a method of extruding a styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (a) in a strand form from a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, and cutting in water with a rotary blade installed on the front surface of the die part;
- the polypropylene resin (b) used in the present invention is any one of homopolypropylene, random polypropylene copolymerized with ethylene and ⁇ -olefin, and block polypropylene copolymerized with ethylene and ⁇ -olefin in a block manner. Also good.
- the ⁇ -olefin in the copolymer includes 1-butene, 1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-heptene.
- ⁇ -olefins having 20 or less carbon atoms such as 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicocene and the like. These ⁇ -olefins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the copolymerization ratio of ethylene in the copolymer is usually 1 to 30% by mass, preferably 5 to 28% by mass in the copolymer, and the copolymerization ratio of ⁇ -olefin is in the copolymer, Usually, it is 30 mass% or less, preferably 20 mass% or less.
- polypropylene resins (b) propylene homopolymer, propylene-ethylene random copolymer, propylene-1-butene random copolymer, propylene-ethylene-1-butene random copolymer, propylene-1- A hexene random copolymer is preferably used.
- These polypropylene resins (b) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the melt flow rate of the polypropylene resin (b) promotes the crystallization of the polypropylene resin (b) to increase the crystallinity, and from the viewpoint of forming a tube having excellent forceps resistance, anti-sticking property, and kink resistance. It is preferable to determine. From this viewpoint, the melt flow rate (MFR) at a temperature of 230 ° C. and a load of 21.2 N is preferably 10 to 50 g / 10 minutes, more preferably 15 to 50 g / 10 minutes, and still more preferably 20 to 50 g / 10 minutes. is there.
- Such a highly fluid polypropylene-based resin has not been conventionally used in combination with a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer for reasons such as difficulty in molding. Since the polypropylene resin (b) having an MFR in the above range increases the difference in melt viscosity with the styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a), the compatibility between the two is moderately reduced and phase separation is promoted. It is considered that fine crystallization of the resin (b) is promoted. As a result, the ratio of fine crystals generated in the tube increases, the diffraction peak intensity ratio [I (14) / I (15)] increases, and excellent forceps resistance, anti-sticking properties and kink resistance are achieved.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) can be determined according to JIS K7210.
- MFR melt flow rate
- additives such as a nucleating agent and a lubricant can be added, and the copolymerization component and copolymerization amount of the polypropylene resin (b) can be changed.
- the resin composition used in the present invention does not contain a softening agent.
- a softening agent for example, paraffinic process oil, naphthenic process oil, liquid paraffin, low molecular weight ethylene and the like are known, and may be used for imparting flexibility and kink resistance.
- the surface of the tube obtained from the prepared resin composition exhibits high adhesiveness, so that the forceps resistance decreases.
- the tubes are stuck at the time of sterilization or storage, which makes it difficult to handle. Further, serious problems such as elution of the softening agent from the tube surface into the content liquid passing through the tube and injection into the blood may occur.
- the blending ratio of the styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) and the polypropylene resin (b) is such that the styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) is the component (a) and the polypropylene resin (b).
- the mass ratio of component (a) to component (b) [(a) / (b)] is 90/10 to 40/60, and 80/20 to 45/55. It is preferable that the ratio is 70/30 to 50/50.
- the proportion of the styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) in the resin composition exceeds 90% by mass or the proportion of the polypropylene resin (b) is less than 10% by mass, fine crystals are formed in the tube of the present invention. It becomes difficult to produce
- the proportion of the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (a) in the resin composition is less than 40% by mass or the proportion of the polypropylene-based resin (b) exceeds 60% by mass, the crystallinity of the resin composition Is too high, the flexibility of the tube obtained from the resin composition is significantly lowered, and kink resistance may be lowered.
- the resin composition used in the present invention can contain other polymers as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- Other polymers include polyisoprene, polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-isoprene rubber, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, Metal ion-crosslinked resin (ionomer) of ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, styrene resin such as polystyrene, AS resin, ABS resin, polyphenylene ether resin, polyamide resin such as nylon 6 and nylon 66, polyethylene terephthalate Polyester resins such as polybutylene terephthalate, polyurethane resins, acetal resins such as polyoxymethylene homopolymers and polyoxymethylene copolymers, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate
- the blending amount is preferably 100 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the resin composition from the viewpoint of kink resistance and anti-sticking property of the tube made of the obtained resin composition, and 60 masses. Part or less is more preferable.
- the resin composition used in the present invention further comprises a polymer block (C) mainly composed of an aromatic vinyl compound and a polymer block (D) mainly composed of isoprene and / or 1,3-butadiene.
- the hydrogenated block copolymer by which the block copolymer made was hydrogenated can be contained.
- the glass transition temperature of the polymer block (D) of the copolymer to be added is preferably ⁇ 45 ° C. or higher. A glass transition temperature of less than ⁇ 45 ° C. is not preferable because the transparency and flexibility of the tube obtained from the prepared resin composition are not sufficient.
- a tackifier resin, an inorganic filler, and a lubricant can also be added to the resin composition used in the present invention within a range not impairing the object of the present invention.
- tackifying resins include rosin resins, terpene phenol resins, terpene resins, aromatic hydrocarbon modified terpene resins, aliphatic petroleum resins, alicyclic petroleum resins, aromatic petroleum resins, coumarone / indene resins, phenols. Resin, xylene resin and the like.
- the blending amount is preferably 50 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the resin composition from the viewpoint of kink resistance and anti-sticking property of the tube made of the obtained resin composition, and 30 parts by mass.
- Inorganic fillers include talc, clay, mica, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, titanium oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the resin composition used in the present invention preferably does not contain an inorganic filler from the viewpoint of transparency. However, when an inorganic filler is added from the viewpoint of improving desired performance, the amount of the resin composition is obtained.
- Lubricants include fatty acids such as stearic acid, stearic acid amides, oleic acid amides, erucic acid amides, behenic acid amides, fatty acid amides such as ethylene bis stearic acid amide, stearic acid monoglycerides, fatty acid esters such as butyl stearate, calcium stearate And metal soaps such as calcium oleate.
- the blending amount is 0.01 to 1 mass per 100 parts by mass of the resin composition from the viewpoint of transparency, kink resistance, forceps resistance, and anti-sticking property of the tube made of the resin composition. Is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 parts by mass, and more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.2 parts by mass.
- the resin composition used in the present invention may contain other additives such as a processing heat stabilizer, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a coloring agent within the range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
- a processing heat stabilizer such as phosphorus processing heat stabilizers, lactone processing heat stabilizers, hydroxyl processing heat stabilizers, and the like.
- a lactone-based processing heat stabilizer is preferable, and the content thereof is preferably 3 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the resin composition from the viewpoint of transparency of a tube made of the obtained resin composition. Less than the mass part is more preferable.
- the resin composition used in the present invention comprises a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (a), a polypropylene-based resin (b), and other components added as necessary.
- the obtained resin composition is preferably pelletized so as to be easily formed into a tube.
- the melting temperature at the time of kneading can be appropriately set, but is usually 150 to 300 ° C., preferably 160 to 250 ° C.
- the tube of the present invention can be obtained by molding a resin composition containing a styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a) and a polypropylene resin (b) into a desired shape.
- the diffraction peak intensity [I] of the scattering angle (2 ⁇ ) of 14 ° with respect to the diffraction peak intensity [I (15)] of the scattering angle (2 ⁇ ) of 15 °. (14)] [I (14) / I (15)] is required to be 1.4 or more, preferably 1.5 or more, and more preferably 1.7 or more.
- the diffraction peak intensity ratio When the diffraction peak intensity ratio is less than 1.4, the forceps resistance and anti-sticking properties are lowered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the diffraction peak intensity ratio exceeds 4, the flexibility and transparency may decrease and the kink resistance may decrease, which is not preferable.
- the wide-angle X-ray diffraction profile of the tube can be obtained by vertically cutting the tube and making X-rays incident on a strip-shaped sheet.
- the scattering angle (2 ⁇ ) is mainly 14.0 °, 16.8 °, 18.5 °, 21.0 °, and 21.
- a relatively strong and sharp diffraction peak at 8 ° is detected. This is a diffraction peak derived from the ⁇ -type crystal of polypropylene, and is attributed to diffraction by the (110), (040), (130), (111), (13-1) + (041) planes, respectively. .
- the diffraction peak intensity ratio corresponds to the ratio of the polypropylene resin (b) crystals to the entire tube.
- a high correlation was observed between the crystallinity calculated based on the curve fitting method and the above-described diffraction peak intensity ratio.
- the curve fitting method may cause a deviation in numerical values depending on the analysis method, the present invention was evaluated with a diffraction peak intensity ratio having high reproducibility.
- the tube of the present invention has excellent forceps resistance, anti-sticking property and kink resistance is not clear, but an appropriate phase between the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (a) and the polypropylene-based resin (b). This is considered to be due to the fact that the amount of fine crystals generated in the entire tube is increased while forming crystals of polypropylene resin that is soluble and extremely fine and has no anisotropy at an appropriate crystallization rate.
- the hydrogenation rate of the polymer block (B) of the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (a) is 70% or more. Therefore, the content of 1,2-bonds and 3,4-bonds must be 30 to 85 mol%. In addition, it is necessary to produce polypropylene resin crystals in the tube so that the X-ray diffraction intensity ratio [I (14) / I (15)] of the tube is 1.4 or more.
- the tube made of the resin composition preferably has a crystallization temperature measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) under a cooling rate of 10 ° C./min of 95 ° C. or higher, and is 97 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is more preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- the crystallization temperature observed at the time of cooling corresponds to the crystallization speed of the polypropylene-based resin, and the crystallization temperature is higher as the crystallization temperature is higher, and is adjusted to a range in which crystallization does not become too fast.
- This tube has excellent forceps resistance, anti-sticking properties and kink resistance.
- the method for producing the tube of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the resin composition obtained as described above is put into an extruder and melted, molded into a tube through a die, water-cooled or air-cooled to obtain a tube.
- the extruder used a single-screw or multi-screw extruder can be used.
- it can also shape
- the cross-sectional shape of the tube of the present invention obtained by such a method is not particularly limited, but usually a circular shape, an elliptical shape or the like is preferable.
- the size of the tube is not particularly limited.
- the outer diameter of the tube is preferably 1 to 50 mm, more preferably 2 to 30 mm, still more preferably 3 to 20 mm, and the thickness of the tube is preferably 0.3 to 30 mm, more preferably 0.4 to 20 mm, still more preferably 0.5 to 10 mm.
- the cooling rate during tube forming can be adjusted as appropriate. .
- the tube of the present invention can be made into a multilayer tube by laminating other polymers by a multilayer extrusion method within a range not impairing the object of the present invention.
- Polymers to be laminated include olefin polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene / propylene copolymer rubber (EPM), ethylene / propylene / nonconjugated diene copolymer rubber (EPDM); polyester elastomer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, etc.
- Polyester polymers such as polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6, polyamide 6,10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 6,12 and other polyamide resins; acrylic resins such as polymethyl acrylate and polymethyl methacrylate; Polyoxymethylene resins such as polyoxymethylene homopolymers and polyoxymethylene copolymers; styrene homopolymers, styrene / styrene resins, acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene resins, etc.
- Polycarbonate resin Polystyrene resin; Styrene elastomer such as styrene / butadiene copolymer rubber and styrene / isoprene copolymer rubber and hydrogenated product or modified product thereof; Natural rubber; Synthetic isoprene rubber, liquid polyisoprene rubber and hydrogen thereof Additives or Modifieds; Chloroprene rubber; Acrylic rubber; Butyl rubber; Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber; Epichlorohydrin rubber; Silicone rubber; Fluoro rubber; Chlorosulfonated polyethylene; Urethane rubber; Polyurethane elastomer; Polyamide elastomer; Examples thereof include soft vinyl chloride resin.
- the multilayer structure may be a part of the tube, may be intermittently multilayered, or may be a multilayered structure made of different materials depending on the part.
- a braided reinforcing yarn or a spiral reinforcing body can be wound to form a pressure tube (hose).
- Braided reinforcing yarn is provided inside or between layers in the thickness direction, and vinylon, polyamide, polyester, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, metal wire, etc. can be used, and spiral reinforcement is provided on the outer periphery, such as metal, plastic, etc. Can be used.
- the medical device of the present invention is characterized by using the tube of the present invention.
- medical devices include catheters used for infusion, blood transfusion, peritoneal dialysis, catheter therapy, etc. (in-body catheters and balloon catheters), infusion bag tubes, blood bag tubes, artificial blood vessels, blood circuits, syringes, Examples include medical devices such as hemodialyzers, blood component separators, and artificial lungs.
- these medical devices do not need to be formed from the resin composition at all, and it is sufficient that at least a portion that comes into contact with a body fluid is formed from the resin composition.
- the portion that comes into contact with the liquid is formed with the resin composition, and the portion that does not come into contact with the liquid is formed with other resins used for medical purposes such as soft vinyl chloride and polyurethane. May be.
- the sample was placed so that the length direction of the tube was perpendicular to the rotation plane of the goniometer, and the sample surface was inclined by 11 ° with respect to the incident X-ray.
- a tube voltage of 45 kV and 110 mA was set, and a collimator having a diameter of 0.5 mm was used.
- the detector was installed at a scattering angle (2 ⁇ ) of 22 ° and a camera length of 15.0 cm. Each sample was subjected to an integrated measurement for 300 seconds to obtain a scattered image.
- the crystallinity of the polypropylene resin based on the whole tube was calculated for the X-ray diffraction curve of the tube from which the baseline was subtracted by the following curve fitting methods (i) to (iii).
- crystal peaks As crystal peaks, symmetrical peaks are set at positions where the scattering angle (2 ⁇ ) is 14 °, 16.5 °, 18.5 °, and 21 °, and the height, shape constant, and half width are set. Fitting only the crystal peak using as a variable parameter.
- the obtained polymerization reaction liquid was poured into 80 L of methanol, and the precipitated solid was separated by filtration and dried at 50 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain a polystyrene-containing 1,2-bond and 3,4-bond of 65 mol%.
- a poly (isoprene / butadiene) -polystyrene triblock copolymer was obtained.
- 10 kg of the obtained polystyrene-poly (isoprene / butadiene) -polystyrene triblock copolymer was dissolved in 200 L of cyclohexane, and palladium carbon (palladium supported amount: 5 mass%) was added to the copolymer as a hydrogenation catalyst.
- Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomer (a-4) Styrene except that 0.13 L of sec-butyllithium as an initiator and 0.2 L of tetrahydrofuran as a Lewis base were charged and polymerized by sequentially adding 1.60 L of styrene, 16.0 L of isoprene and 1.60 L of styrene as the monomers to be polymerized. Polymerization reaction and hydrogenation reaction are performed in the same manner as the thermoplastic elastomer a-1, and polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene triblock copolymer having a 1,2-bond and 3,4-bond content of 75 mol% is used.
- Production Example 6 [Production of hydrogenated block copolymer] In addition to 0.18 L of sec-butyllithium as an initiator, 2.20 L of styrene as a monomer to be polymerized, a mixed solution of 6.6 L of isoprene and 7.5 L of 1,3-butadiene, and 2.20 L of styrene were sequentially added and polymerized.
- B-4 Random polypropylene “J226E” manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.
- Softener Paraffin-based process oil “Diana Process Oil PW-90” (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., kinematic viscosity (40 ° C.) 95.54 mm 2 / s) ⁇ Lubricant: erucic acid amide "Fatty Acid Amide E” (Kao Corporation)
- the obtained pellets were molded using a single screw extruder equipped with a tube die, under molding conditions A (extrusion temperature 185 ° C., take-off speed 10 m / min), molding conditions B (extrusion temperature 175 ° C., take-up speed 10 m / min), or After molding under molding conditions C (extrusion temperature 175 ° C., take-off speed 20 m / min), the tube was cooled with water in a cooling bath to obtain a tube having an outer diameter of 4.0 mm, an inner diameter of 3.0 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.5 mm.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the results of evaluating the crystallinity, crystallization temperature, transparency, flexibility, kink resistance, forceps resistance, adhesiveness, and solvent adhesion of the obtained tubes.
- Table 3 shows the results of evaluating the transparency, flexibility, kink resistance, forceps resistance, anti-sticking property, and solvent adhesion of the tube extruded under the molding condition C.
- FIG. 1 shows wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of the tubes obtained in Examples 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8, Comparative Examples 1, 2, 9, and 10, and Reference Example 1.
- the tube made of the resin composition obtained in Examples 1 to 9 is excellent in all of transparency, flexibility, kink resistance, forceps resistance, anti-sticking property and solvent adhesion. .
- the tube made of the resin composition obtained in Examples 7 to 9 using a styrene thermoplastic elastomer (a-2, a-3) having a styrene content of 10% by mass or less has particularly excellent kink resistance. I understand.
- the tubes made of the resin compositions obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 6 have a diffraction peak intensity ratio [I (14) / I (15)] of less than 1.4. It turns out that it is inferior to forceps resistance and anti-sticking property.
- the tube made of the resin composition obtained in Comparative Example 7 is inferior in kink resistance. Moreover, it is inferior also in transparency, a softness
- the tube made of the resin composition obtained in Comparative Examples 9 and 10 contains paraffinic oil as a softening agent, the tube surface has high stickiness and the forceps resistance is extremely inferior.
- the tube made of the resin composition obtained in Reference Example 1 is excellent in kink resistance, forceps resistance, and anti-sticking property, but slightly inferior in transparency and flexibility.
- molded the resin composition obtained in Example 10 and 11 on the molding conditions C is excellent in transparency, a softness
- Reference Example 2 is compared with Examples 1 and 3 in Table 1
- Reference Example 3 is compared with Example 5
- Comparative Example 11 is compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 3
- Comparative Example 12 is compared with Comparative Example 2, respectively. It can be seen that the kink resistance is significantly reduced.
- the tube of the present invention has good transparency, flexibility and solvent adhesion, and has excellent forceps resistance, anti-sticking property and kink resistance. For this reason, the tube of this invention can be used conveniently for the medical device used in the case of transfusion, blood transfusion, peritoneal dialysis, catheter treatment, etc.
- food transport tubes used for food and beverage production beverage transport in vending machines, home appliance component tubes used for home appliance water supply, drainage, etc., car wash, etc. It can also be widely used in fields that require excellent flexibility and transparency, such as industrial tubes used in the process.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、出願人は、上記問題を回避するため、柔軟性を有し、医療用に適した樹脂組成物として、ポリプロピレン系樹脂に、芳香族ビニル化合物からなる重合体ブロックと共役ジエン系重合体ブロックを有するブロック共重合体の水素添加物エラストマーを配合した樹脂組成物(特許文献1参照)を提案した。
この熱可塑性エラストマーから作られたチューブは、透明性、柔軟性を有するが、耐キンク性や耐鉗子性、膠着防止性に改善すべき点があった。
また、チューブとして要求される複数の特性を兼ね備えるため、表面と内部の樹脂組成が異なる多層チューブ(特許文献5及び6参照)が知られている。
更に、(a)ビニル芳香族化合物からなる重合体ブロックと共役ジエンからなる重合体ブロックを水素添加してなる水添ブロック共重合体、(b)オレフィン系共重合体、及び(c)炭化水素系ゴム用軟化剤が配合された樹脂組成物から構成される医療用チューブ(特許文献7参照)が知られている。
特許文献4の組成物では膠着防止性は改善されるものの、耐キンク性が十分でなく、透明性も不十分であった。特許文献5及び6の多層チューブは共押出法によって成形されるため、製造工程が複雑であり、製造コストも高くなり、しかも各層の厚みを均一に制御することも容易ではない。また、多層チューブとすることで耐鉗子性、膠着防止性を改良した場合、チューブの表面層と接続部材との溶剤接着性が低下し、十分な接着強度が得られないという問題が発生することがあった。
かかる事情から、特に医療用途においては、優れた耐鉗子性、膠着防止性と耐キンク性を兼ね備えたチューブが要望されていた。
なお、本明細書において、「耐キンク性」とは、チューブを輪状や円弧状に曲げた際に生ずる挫屈等の異常変形に耐える性質をいい、「耐鉗子性」とは、医療用鉗子で挟みつけた場合にチューブの内面同士が膠着せず鉗子を外すとすぐに復元するという性質をいい、「溶剤接着性」とは、コネクター類と溶剤で接続した際に十分な接着強度が得られる性質をいう。
(1)スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)及びポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)を含み、軟化剤を含まない樹脂組成物を成形してなるチューブであって、
スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)が、芳香族ビニル化合物からなる重合体ブロック(A)とイソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエンからなる重合体ブロック(B)とから少なくとも構成されるブロック共重合体が、水素添加された水添ブロック共重合体であって、
重合体ブロック(A)の含有量が、水素添加前におけるスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の総量に対して5~40質量%、重合体ブロック(B)の水素添加率が70%以上であり、かつ重合体ブロック(B)の1,2-結合と3,4-結合の含有量が30~85モル%であり、
ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)に対するスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の質量比〔(a)/(b)〕が90/10~40/60であり、
広角X線回折における、散乱角(2θ)15°の回折ピーク強度〔I(15)〕に対する、散乱角(2θ)14°の回折ピーク強度〔I(14)〕の比〔I(14)/I(15)〕が1.4以上であるチューブ。
(2)前記(1)のチューブを用いてなる医療用具。
<スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)>
スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)は、芳香族ビニル化合物からなる重合体ブロック(A)とイソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエンからなる重合体ブロック(B)とから少なくとも構成されるブロック共重合体が、水素添加された水添ブロック共重合体であって、重合体ブロック(A)の含有量が、水素添加前におけるスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の総量に対して5~40質量%、重合体ブロック(B)の水素添加率が70%以上であり、かつ重合体ブロック(B)の1,2-結合と3,4-結合の含有量が30~85モル%であることを特徴とする。
耐鉗子性、膠着防止性、耐キンク性を兼ね備えるチューブとなる樹脂組成物を得るためには、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の構造を上記のように制御することが重要である。以下、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)を構成する重合体ブロック(A)、重合体ブロック(B)、及びスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の具体例等について説明する。
スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の重合体ブロック(A)は、芳香族ビニル化合物に由来する構造単位から主として構成されている。ここで、「主として」とは、重合体ブロック(A)の質量に基づいて、芳香族ビニル化合物単位が、好ましくは80質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、更に好ましくは100質量%であることを意味する。
該重合体ブロック(A)を構成する芳香族ビニル化合物としては、例えば、スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、β-メチルスチレン、o-メチルスチレン、m-メチルスチレン、p-メチルスチレン、4-プロピルスチレン、4-シクロヘキシルスチレン、4-ドデシルスチレン、2-エチル-4-ベンジルスチレン、4-(フェニルブチル)スチレン、t-ブチルスチレン、2,4,6-トリメチルスチレン、モノフルオロスチレン、ジフルオロスチレン、モノクロロスチレン、ジクロロスチレン、メトキシスチレン、1-ビニルナフタレン、2-ビニルナフタレン、ビニルアントラセン、インデン、アセトナフチレン等が挙げられる。
該重合体ブロック(A)は、前記した芳香族ビニル化合物の1種に由来する構造単位のみを含んでいてもよいし、2種以上に由来する構造単位を含んでいてもよい。その中でも、重合体ブロック(A)は、スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、p-メチルスチレンに由来する構造単位から主としてなっていることが好ましく、スチレンに由来する構造単位から主としてなっていることがより好ましい。
他の共重合性単量体としては、例えば、1-ブテン、ペンテン、ヘキセン、1,3-ブタジエン、イソプレン、2,3-ジメチル-1,3-ブタジエン、1,3-ペンタジエン、1,3-ヘキサジエン、メチルビニルエーテル等のイオン重合の可能な単量体等が挙げられる。
スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の重合体ブロック(B)は、イソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエンに由来する構造単位から主として構成されている。ここで、「主として」とは、重合体ブロック(B)の質量に基づいて、イソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエン単位が、好ましくは80質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、更に好ましくは100質量%であることを意味する。
該重合体ブロック(B)が、1,3-ブタジエン単位とイソプレン単位との混合単位から主として構成されている場合には、1,3-ブタジエン単位とイソプレン単位の混合割合は、特に制限されない。また、1,3-ブタジエンとイソプレンの重合形態は特に制限されず、ランダム共重合体、テーパー共重合体、ブロック共重合体、一部ブロック状の共重合体、又はそれらの2種以上の組み合わせからなることができる。
他の共重合性単量体としては、スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、β-メチルスチレン、o-メチルスチレン、m-メチルスチレン、p-メチルスチレン、4-プロピルスチレン、4-シクロヘキシルスチレン、4-ドデシルスチレン、2-エチル-4-ベンジルスチレン、4-(フェニルブチル)スチレン、t-ブチルスチレン、2,4,6-トリメチルスチレン、モノフルオロスチレン、ジフルオロスチレン、モノクロロスチレン、ジクロロスチレン、メトキシスチレン、1-ビニルナフタレン、2-ビニルナフタレン、ビニルアントラセン、インデン、アセトナフチレン等の芳香族ビニル化合物や、1-ブテン、ペンテン、ヘキセン、2,3-ジメチル-1,3-ブタジエン、1,3-ペンタジエン、1,3-ヘキサジエン、メチルビニルエーテル等のイオン重合可能な単量体等が挙げられる。
なお、水素添加率は、水素添加反応前後のブロック共重合体のヨウ素価を測定することにより算出される。
このうち、重合体ブロック(B)の1,2-結合及び3,4-結合の含有量(ビニル化度)は、重合体ブロック(B)のイソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエンに由来する構造単位に基づいて、30~85モル%の範囲であり、好ましくは45~80モル%の範囲、より好ましくは55~70モル%の範囲である。重合体ブロック(B)の1,2-結合及び3,4-結合の含有量が30モル%未満だと、調製した樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの透明性が低下する場合があり、一方85モル%を越えると、調製した樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの柔軟性が低下する場合があるため好ましくない。
該重合体ブロック(B)のガラス転移温度は、好ましくは-50~30℃であり、より好ましくは-50~10℃、より好ましくは-45~10℃、更に好ましくは-40~0℃である。重合体ブロック(B)のガラス転移温度が-50℃未満だと、調製した樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの透明性が低下する場合があり、30℃を超えると、調製した樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの柔軟性が低下する場合があるため好ましくない。
なお、ガラス転移温度は、示差走査型熱量計にて昇温速度10℃/分で測定したガラス転移温度を意味する。
重合体ブロック(A)の含有量は、水素添加前におけるスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の総量に対して5~40質量%であり、好ましくは5~30質量%、より好ましくは5~20質量%、更に好ましくは5~10質量%である。重合体ブロック(A)の含有量が5質量%未満だと、調製した樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの力学的強度が低下する場合があり、一方40質量%を超えると、調製した樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの透明性が低下する傾向にある。
耐キンク性にはチューブの押出方向(MD)とそれに垂直な円周方向(TD)の異方性が影響し、それぞれの弾性率(M)の比〔M(MD)/M(TD)〕が小さいほど耐キンク性に優れたチューブとなる。本発明において重合体ブロック(A)の含有量を10質量%以下とすると、得られたチューブの〔M(MD)/M(TD)〕は小さくなり、耐キンク性の良いチューブが得られる。
また、生産性を高めるためにチューブ成形の速度を高めると成形時にかかるせん断力が強くなり、チューブの異方性が高くなる。そのため、得られるチューブの〔M(MD)/M(TD)〕が大きくなり、結果として耐キンク性は低下する傾向にある。しかし、重合体ブロック(A)の含有量が10質量%以下であるスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)を用いると、成形速度に関わらず得られたチューブの〔M(MD)/M(TD)〕は小さくなり、優れた耐キンク性を示す。
スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の具体例としては、芳香族ビニル化合物からなる重合体ブロックをAで表し、イソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエンからなる重合体ブロックをBで表したときに、〔A-B〕で表されるジブロック共重合体、〔A-B-A〕又は〔B-A-B〕で表されるトリブロック共重合体、〔A-B-A-B〕又は〔B-A-B-A〕で表されるテトラブロック共重合体、又はAとBとが5個以上直鎖状に結合しているポリブロック共重合体、(A-B)nX型共重合体(Xはカップリング残基を表し、nは3以上の整数を表す)、及びそれらの混合物等が挙げられる。これらの中では、調製した樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの特性、取り扱い性の観点から、〔A-B-A〕で表されるトリブロック共重合体が好ましい。
ここで、本明細書においては、同種の重合体ブロックが2価のカップリング剤等を介して直線状に結合している場合、結合している重合体ブロック全体は一つの重合体ブロックとして取り扱われる。これに従い、上記例示も含め、本来厳密には〔A-X-A〕と表記されるべき重合体ブロックは、特に単独の重合体ブロックAと区別する必要がある場合を除き、全体としてAと表示される。本明細書においては、カップリング剤残基を含むこの種の重合体ブロックを上記のように取り扱うので、例えば、カップリング剤残基を含み、厳密には〔A-B-X-B-A〕と表記されるべきブロック共重合体は、〔A-B-A〕と表記され、トリブロック共重合体の一例として取り扱われる。
また、前記スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の全体の重量平均分子量は、調製した樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの力学特性、成形加工性等の観点から、好ましくは4,000~500,000、より好ましくは30,000~300,000、更に好ましくは50,000~250,000である。
なお、本明細書でいう重量平均分子量は、水素添加後のスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーについて、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)法により、標準ポリスチレン検量線から求めた値である。
前記ブロック共重合体の製造法は特に制限されず、公知の方法で製造することができる。例えば、アニオン重合やカチオン重合等のイオン重合法、シングルサイト重合法、ラジカル重合法等のいずれで製造してもよい。アニオン重合法による場合は、例えば、下記(i)~(iii)の方法等が挙げられる。
(i)アルキルリチウム化合物を重合開始剤として芳香族ビニル化合物、イソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエン、芳香族ビニル化合物を逐次重合させる方法。
(ii)アルキルリチウム化合物を重合開始剤として芳香族ビニル化合物、イソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエンを逐次重合させ、次いでカップリング剤を加えてカップリングする方法。
(iii)ジリチウム化合物を重合開始剤としてイソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエン、次いで芳香族ビニル化合物を逐次重合させる方法。
上記のアルキルリチウム化合物、ジリチウム化合物等の重合開始剤及びカップリング剤の使用量は、目的とするスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の所望とする重量平均分子量により適宜決定される。通常は、アルキルリチウム化合物、ジリチウム化合物等の開始剤は、重合に用いる芳香族ビニル化合物、1,3-ブタジエン、イソプレン等の重合性単量体の合計100質量部あたり0.01~2質量部の割合で用いられる。カップリング剤を使用する場合は、前記重合性単量体の合計100質量部あたり0.001~10質量部の割合で用いられる。
上記のアニオン重合は、溶媒の存在下で行なうのが好ましい。溶媒としては、重合開始剤に対して不活性で、重合反応に悪影響を及ぼさないものであれば特に制限はない。例えばヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、デカン、トルエン、ベンゼン、キシレン等の飽和脂肪族炭化水素又は芳香族炭化水素が挙げられる。
また、重合反応は、上記した(i)~(iii)のいずれの方法による場合も、通常0~80℃、好ましくは10~70℃の温度で、0.5~50時間、好ましくは1~30時間行なうことができる。
用いることのできるルイス塩基としては、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル類、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等のグリコールエーテル類、トリエチルアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチレンジアミン、N-メチルモルホリン等のアミン類等が挙げられる。これらのルイス塩基は、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
ルイス塩基の添加量は、重合体ブロック(B)を構成するイソプレン単位及び/又は1,3-ブタジエン単位との結合量をどの程度に制御するかにより決定される。そのため、ルイス塩基の添加量に厳密な意味での制限はないが、重合開始剤として用いられるアルキルリチウム化合物又はジリチウム化合物に含有されるリチウム1グラム原子あたり、通常0.1~1,000モル、好ましくは1~100モルの範囲内で用いる。
上記方法により重合を行なった後、重合反応液に含まれるブロック共重合体を、該ブロック共重合体の貧溶媒(メタノール等)に注いで凝固させるか、又は重合反応液をスチームと共に熱水中に注いで溶媒を共沸によって除去(スチームストリッピング)した後、乾燥させることにより、水素添加されていないブロック共重合体を得ることができる。
続いて、上記で得られたブロック共重合体を水素添加反応に付すことによって、水素添加された水添ブロック共重合体、すなわちスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)を製造することができる。
水素添加反応は、ラネーニッケル;Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Ni等の金属をカーボン、アルミナ、珪藻土等の担体に担持させた不均一系触媒;遷移金属化合物とアルキルアルミニウム化合物、アルキルリチウム化合物等との組み合わせからなるチーグラー系触媒;メタロセン系触媒等の水素添加用触媒の存在下、上記で得られたブロック共重合体を反応系において不活性な溶媒に溶解させ、水素と反応させることにより行なうことができる。
水素添加反応は、水素圧力を通常0.1~20MPa、好ましくは0.5~15MPa、反応温度を通常20~250℃、好ましくは50~150℃、反応時間を通常0.1~100時間、好ましくは1~50時間の範囲で行なうことができる。
なお、上記で得られたブロック共重合体を含む重合反応液からブロック共重合体を単離せず、該重合反応液をそのまま水素添加反応に付すこともできる。この方法による場合、水素添加反応液をメタノール等の貧溶媒に注いで凝固させるか、又は水素添加反応液をスチームと共に熱水中に注いで溶媒を共沸によって除去(スチームストリッピング)した後、乾燥することにより、水素添加されたスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)を得ることができる。
ペレット化の方法としては、例えば、一軸又は二軸押出機からスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)をストランド状に押出して、ダイ部前面に設置された回転刃により、水中で切断する方法;一軸又は二軸押出機からスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)をストランド状に押出して、水冷又は空冷した後、ストランドカッターにより切断する方法等が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられるポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)は、ホモポリプロピレン、エチレンやα-オレフィンが共重合されたランダムポリプロピレン、エチレンやα-オレフィンがブロック的に共重合されたブロックポリプロピレン等のいずれであってもよい。
該共重合体におけるα-オレフィンとしては、1-ブテン、1-ペンテン、3-メチル-1-ブテン、1-ヘキセン、3-メチル-1-ペンテン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン、1-ヘプテン、1-オクテン、1-ノネン、1-デセン、1-ドデセン、1-テトラデセン、1-ヘキサデセン、1-オクタデセン、1-エイコセン等の炭素数20以下のα-オレフィン等が挙げられる。これらのα-オレフィンは、単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記共重合体におけるエチレンの共重合割合は、該共重合体中、通常1~30質量%、好ましくは5~28質量%であり、α-オレフィンの共重合割合は、該共重合体中、通常30質量%以下、好ましくは20質量%以下である。
上記ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の中では、プロピレン単独重合体、プロピレン-エチレンランダム共重合体、プロピレン-1-ブテンランダム共重合体、プロピレン-エチレン-1-ブテンランダム共重合体、プロピレン-1-ヘキセンランダム共重合体が好ましく用いられる。これらのポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)は、単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記範囲のMFRを有するポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)は、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)との溶融粘度差が大きくなると、両者の相溶性が適度に低下し、相分離が促進されるため、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の微細な結晶化が促進されると考えられる。その結果、チューブ内で生成する微細な結晶の割合が高くなり、回折ピーク強度比〔I(14)/I(15)〕が大きくなり、優れた耐鉗子性、膠着防止性と耐キンク性を兼ね備えるチューブとなると考えられる。
なお、メルトフローレート(MFR)は、JIS K7210に準拠して求めることができる。
また、本発明に用いられる樹脂組成物においては、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の結晶化度が高いものほど、また結晶化温度が高いものほど、すなわち結晶化度速度が速いものほど、本発明のチューブ内で生成する微細な結晶の割合が高いチューブが得られる。得られるチューブの結晶度を適宜制御するために、核剤、滑剤等の添加剤を添加したり、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の共重合成分や共重合量を変えることができる。
本発明で用いられる樹脂組成物中、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)及びポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の配合割合は、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)を成分(a)、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)を成分(b)と表したとき、(b)成分に対する(a)成分の質量比〔(a)/(b)〕が90/10~40/60であり、80/20~45/55であることが好ましく、70/30~50/50であることがより好ましい。
樹脂組成物中のスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の割合が90質量%を越えると、又はポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の割合が10質量%未満だと、本発明のチューブ内で微細な結晶が生成しにくくなり、該樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの耐鉗子性、膠着防止性が不十分となる場合がある。一方、樹脂組成物中のスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の割合が40質量%未満だと、又はポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の割合が60質量%を越えると、該樹脂組成物の結晶化度が高くなり過ぎ、該樹脂組成物から得られるチューブの柔軟性が著しく低下し、耐キンク性が低下する場合があるため好ましくない。
上記他のポリマーを添加する場合の配合量は、得られる樹脂組成物からなるチューブの耐キンク性、膠着防止性の観点から、上記樹脂組成物100質量部あたり100質量部以下が好ましく、60質量部以下がより好ましい。
粘着付与樹脂としては、ロジン系樹脂、テルペンフェノール樹脂、テルペン樹脂、芳香族炭化水素変性テルペン樹脂、脂肪族系石油樹脂、脂環式系石油樹脂、芳香族系石油樹脂、クマロン・インデン樹脂、フェノール系樹脂、キシレン樹脂等が挙げられる。
粘着付与樹脂を添加する場合の配合量は、得られる樹脂組成物からなるチューブの耐キンク性、膠着防止性の観点から、上記樹脂組成物100質量部あたり50質量部以下が好ましく、30質量部以下がより好ましい。
無機フィラーとしては、タルク、クレー、マイカ、ケイ酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウム、シリカ、アルミナ、酸化チタン、酸化鉄、酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウム等が挙げられる。本発明に用いる樹脂組成物は、透明性の観点から無機フィラーを含まないのが好ましいが、所望の性能を向上させる観点から無機フィラーを添加する場合には、その配合量は、得られる樹脂組成物からなるチューブの透明性の観点から、上記樹脂組成物100質量部あたり、3質量部以下が好ましく、2質量部以下がより好ましい。
滑剤としては、ステアリン酸等の脂肪酸、ステアリン酸アミド、オレイン酸アミド、エルカ酸アミド、ベヘニン酸アミド、エチレンビスステアリン酸アミド等の脂肪酸アミド、ステアリン酸モノグリセリド、ステアリン酸ブチル等の脂肪酸エステル、ステアリン酸カルシウム、オレイン酸カルシウム等の金属せっけん等が挙げられる。滑剤を添加する場合の配合量は得られる樹脂組成物からなるチューブの透明性、耐キンク性、耐鉗子性、膠着防止性の観点から、上記樹脂組成物100質量部あたり0.01~1質量部の範囲であることが好ましく、0.05~0.5質量部の範囲であることがより好ましく、0.05~0.2質量部の範囲であることが更に好ましい。
得られた樹脂組成物は、チューブに成形し易くするために、ペレット化するのが好ましい。混練時の溶融温度は、適宜設定することができるが、通常150~300℃であり、好ましくは160~250℃である。
本発明のチューブは、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)及びポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)を含む樹脂組成物を所望の形状に成形することにより得ることができる。この場合、得られたチューブの側面方向からの広角X線回折における、散乱角(2θ)15°の回折ピーク強度〔I(15)〕に対する、散乱角(2θ)14°の回折ピーク強度〔I(14)〕の比〔I(14)/I(15)〕が1.4以上であることが必要であり、好ましくは1.5以上、より好ましくは1.7以上である。上記回折ピーク強度比が1.4未満になると、耐鉗子性・膠着防止性が低下するため好ましくない。一方、回折ピーク強度比が4を越えると柔軟性、透明性が低下、耐キンク性が低下する場合があるため好ましくない。
従って、上記回折ピーク強度比は、チューブ全体に対するポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の結晶の割合に対応する。実際に、カーブフィッティング法に基づいて算出された結晶度と、上記回折ピーク強度比には、高い相関が認められた。しかし、カーブフィッティング法は、解析方法により、数値にずれが生じる可能性があるため、本発明においては再現性の高い回折ピーク強度比で評価した。
スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)とポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)との適切な相溶性を得るためには、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の重合体ブロック(B)の水素添加率を70%以上にし、1,2-結合と3,4-結合の含有量を30~85モル%にすることが必要である。その上で、チューブのX線回折強度比〔I(14)/I(15)〕が1.4以上になるように、チューブ内でポリプロピレン系樹脂の結晶を生成することが必要である。
上記樹脂組成物からなるチューブは、示差走査型熱量計(DSC)による、冷却速度10℃/分の条件下で測定される結晶化温度が、95℃以上であることが好ましく、97℃以上であることがより好ましく、100℃以上であることが更に好ましい。DSC測定において、冷却時に観測される結晶化温度は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂の結晶化速度に対応し、結晶化温度が高いほど結晶化が速く、結晶化が速くなり過ぎない範囲に調整することにより、優れた耐鉗子性、膠着防止性と耐キンク性を兼ね備えるチューブとなる。
本発明のチューブの製造方法は特に制限されない。例えば、上記のようにして得られた樹脂組成物を押出機に投入して溶融し、ダイを通して管状に成形、水冷又は空冷してチューブとする方法がある。用いる押出機は単軸又は多軸の押出機を使用することができる。また、樹脂組成物製造時の押出機から直接チューブとして成形することもできる。
かかる方法により得られる本発明のチューブの断面形状は、特に制限されないが、通常、円形、楕円形等が好ましい。チューブの大きさは特に制限されない。例えば、チューブの外径は、好ましくは1~50mm、より好ましくは2~30mm、更に好ましくは3~20mmであり、チューブの厚みは、好ましくは0.3~30mm、より好ましくは0.4~20mm、更により好ましくは0.5~10mmである。
また、チューブ成形の際の冷却速度を遅くすると、結晶度の高いチューブが得られるので、得られるチューブの結晶度を適宜制御するために、チューブ成形の際の冷却速度を適宜調整することができる。
積層するポリマーとしては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、エチレン・プロピレン共重合ゴム(EPM)、エチレン・プロピレン・非共役ジエン共重合ゴム(EPDM)等のオレフィン系重合体;ポリエステルエラストマー、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル系重合体;ポリアミド6、ポリアミド6・6、ポリアミド6・10、ポリアミド11、ポリアミド12、ポリアミド6・12等のポリアミド系樹脂;ポリアクリル酸メチルやポリメタクリル酸メチル等のアクリル系樹脂;ポリオキシメチレンホモポリマー、ポリオキシメチレンコポリマー等のポリオキシメチレン系樹脂;スチレン単独重合体、アクリロニトリル・スチレン樹脂、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン樹脂等のスチレン系樹脂;ポリカーボネート樹脂;スチレン・ブタジエン共重合体ゴム、スチレン・イソプレン共重合体ゴム等のスチレン系エラストマー及びその水素添加物又はその変性物;天然ゴム;合成イソプレンゴム、液状ポリイソプレンゴム及びその水素添加物又は変性物;クロロプレンゴム;アクリルゴム;ブチルゴム;アクリロニトリル・ブタジエンゴム;エピクロロヒドリンゴム;シリコーンゴム;フッ素ゴム;クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン;ウレタンゴム;ポリウレタン系エラストマー;ポリアミド系エラストマー;ポリエステル系エラストマー;軟質塩化ビニル樹脂等が挙げられる。
本発明においては、更に、肉厚の増加を抑えて柔軟性を維持した上で耐圧性等を向上するために、編組補強糸や螺旋補強体を巻き付けて耐圧チューブ(ホース)とすることができる。編組補強糸は、厚み方向での内部又は層間に設けられ、ビニロン、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、アラミド繊維、炭素繊維、金属ワイヤー等を用いることができ、螺旋補強体は外周に設けられ、金属、プラスチック等を用いることができる。
本発明の医療用具は、本発明のチューブを用いてなることを特徴とする。
医療用具としては、輸液、輸血、腹膜透析、カテーテル治療等の際に用いられるカテーテル(体内留置型カテーテルやバルーンカテーテル等)、輸液バッグ用チューブ、血液バッグ用チューブ、人工血管、血液回路、シリンジ、血液透析器、血液成分分離器、人工肺等、の医療用具が挙げられる。
なお、これらの医療用具は、すべての部分が前記樹脂組成物から形成されている必要はなく、少なくとも体液と接触する部分が前記樹脂組成物から形成されていればよい。例えば、上記のカテ一テルや血液バッグ等では、液と接触する部分を前記樹脂組成物で形成し、液と接触しない部分を軟質塩化ビニル、ポリウレタン等の医療用に用いられる他の樹脂で形成されていてもよい。
スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーを重クロロホルム溶媒に溶解し、日本電子社製「Lambda-500」を用いて、50℃で、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定した。得られたスペクトルから、スチレン含有量、1,2-結合及び3,4-結合量を算出した。
(2)水素添加率
水素添加反応前後のスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーのヨウ素価を測定し、その比よりスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーの水素添加率を算出した。
(3)ガラス転移温度
セイコー電子工業社製、示差走査型熱量計「DSC200」を用い、10℃/分の昇温速度にて、測定曲線の変曲点の温度を読みとり、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーのガラス転移温度とした。
(4)結晶化温度
セイコー電子工業社製示差走査型熱量計「DSC200」を用い、室温から10℃/分の速度にて180℃まで昇温、200℃にて10分間保持した後、10℃/分の速度にて室温まで降温したときに測定される発熱ピークトップの温度を読みとることで、ポリプロピレン系樹脂及びチューブの結晶化温度とした。
(5)メルトフローレート(MFR)
JIS K7210に準拠して、温度230℃、荷重21.2Nの条件下でMFRを測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたチューブ(外径4.0mm、内径3.0mm、肉厚0.5mm)を縦に切り開き、短冊状にしたシート(厚さ0.5mm)を測定試料とした。得られた試料を用い、ブルカー・エイエックスエス社製「D8 DISCOVER with GADDS」(X線源:CuKα線 λ=0.15418nm、検出機:HISTER 2次元PSPC)を使用して、X線回折像を測定した。試料はゴニオメータの回転面に対してチューブの長さ方向が垂直になり、入射X線に対して、試料面が11°傾くように設置した。入射X線には、管電圧45kV、110mAを設定し、直径0.5mmのコリメータを用いた。検出器は、散乱角(2θ)22°、カメラ長15.0cmの位置に設置した。それぞれの試料について300秒の積算測定を行い、散乱像を得た。
得られた散乱像から、ブルカー・エイエックスエス社製「Bruker Analytical X-ray Systems GADDS for WNT 4.1.23」ソフトウエアを使用し、2θ範囲5~40°、χ範囲-150°~-30°、0.01°刻み、強度規格化法として「5-Bin normarilized」を用いて、散乱角2θに対するX線回折強度曲線を導出した。回折強度曲線における、2θ=5°の回折強度〔I’(5)〕と2θ=30°の回折強度〔I’(30)〕を結ぶ直線をベースラインとし、ベースラインからの2θ=14°にある回折ピークトップ(ポリプロピレン樹脂のα結晶の(110)面による回折)の強度をI(14)、ベースラインからの2θ=15°の回折強度をI(15)とし、その比I(14)/I(15)を算出した。併せて、前記ベースラインを差し引いたチューブのX線回折曲線について、下記(i)~(iii)のカーブフィッティング法により、チューブ全体に基づくポリプロピレン樹脂の結晶度を算出した。
(i)非晶ピークとして、2θ=17.5°を中心に対称なピークを設定、2θ=17.5°の高さを実測カーブに併せて決め、形定数(ガウシアン型/ローレンツ型)、半価幅、非対称度を可変パラメータとしてフィッティングする。
(ii)次に結晶ピークとして、散乱角(2θ)が14°、16.5°、18.5°、21°の位置に、左右対称なピークを設定、高さ、形定数、半価幅を可変パラメータとして結晶ピークのみをフィッティングする。
(iii)得られた非晶ピークの面積(Aa)と結晶ピークの面積(Ac)から、結晶度=Ac/(Aa+Ac)を算出。
実施例及び比較例で得られたチューブ(外径4.0mm、内径3.0mm、肉厚0.5mm)の5本を1列に並べ、ASTM D-1003に準拠して、ヘイズメーター(株式会社村上色彩技術研究所製「HR-100」)を用いて、側面より光を入射することで、チューブの透過度(%)を測定した。
(8)チューブの柔軟性
実施例及び比較例で得られたチューブ(外径4.0mm、内径3.0mm、肉厚0.5mm)を用い、引張試験機(インストロン社製「5566」)を用い、引張速度5mm/分で引っ張る際のヤング率を測定し、柔軟性の指標とした。
実施例及び比較例で得られた全長20cmのチューブ(外径4.0mm、内径3.0mm、肉厚0.5mm)を用いて、25℃で円形に変形させたときの、キンク直前の最小曲げの円周長さ(mm)を測定して、耐キンク性の指標とした。耐キンク性の値は、キンク直前の円周長さ(mm)を直径に換算している。
(10)耐鉗子性
実施例及び比較例で得られた全長200mmのチューブ(外径4.0mm、内径3.0mm、肉厚0.5mm)の内部を生理食塩水で満たし垂直に立て、下端から10mmのところを医療用チューブ鉗子で生理食塩水が漏れないように22時間閉止後、鉗子を外し、チューブ内の生理食塩水の全量がチューブの底部から流出し終えるまでの時間(秒)を測定し、チューブの耐鉗子性の指標とした。
(11)膠着防止性
実施例及び比較例で得られた全長20cmのチューブ(外径4.0mm、内径3.0mm、肉厚0.5mm)を2本重ねてテープで止め、100℃の熱風乾燥機に入れ、30分後に取り出して室温にて放冷した後、チューブ同士の膠着性を調べた。
膠着が全くない場合を○、僅かでもある場合を×とした。
(12)溶剤接着性
実施例及び比較例で得られた全長70mmのチューブ(外径4.0mm、内径3.0mm、肉厚0.5mm)の片端をシクロヘキサンに10mm程度浸し、このチューブ片端の内側にポリプロピレン製のコネクターの筒状部位(直径4.0mm)を5mmはめ込み接着した後、24時間後のチューブとコネクターを、300mm/minで引き剥がす際の引張り強度を測定し、溶剤接着性の指標とした。
窒素置換し、乾燥させた耐圧容器に、溶媒としてシクロヘキサン80L、開始剤としてsec-ブチルリチウム0.12L、ルイス塩基としてテトラヒドロフラン0.3Lを仕込み、50℃に昇温した後、スチレン0.39Lを加えて3時間重合させ、引き続いてイソプレン6.8L及び1,3-ブタジエン7.5Lの混合液を加えて4時間重合を行い、更にスチレン1.18Lを加えて3時間重合を行った。得られた重合反応液をメタノール80L中に注ぎ、析出した固体を濾別して50℃で20時間乾燥することにより、1,2-結合及び3,4-結合の含有量が65モル%のポリスチレン-ポリ(イソプレン/ブタジエン)-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体を得た。
続いて、得られたポリスチレン-ポリ(イソプレン/ブタジエン)-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体10kgをシクロヘキサン200Lに溶解し、水素添加触媒としてパラジウムカーボン(パラジウム担持量:5質量%)を該共重合体に対して5質量%添加し、水素圧力2MPa、150℃の条件で10時間反応を行った。放冷、放圧後、濾過によりパラジウムカーボンを除去し、濾液を濃縮し、更に真空乾燥することにより、ポリスチレン-ポリ(イソプレン/ブタジエン)-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体の水素添加物を得た。
得られた重合体の〔Mw(A1)/Mw(A2)〕は0.30、ガラス転移温度は-30℃、スチレン含有量は12質量%、水素添加率は85%、重量平均分子量は130,000であった。
開始剤としてsec-ブチルリチウム0.07L、ルイス塩基としてテトラヒドロフラン0.3Lを仕込み、重合させるモノマーとしてスチレン0.39L、イソプレン6.8L及び1,3-ブタジエン7.5Lの混合液、スチレン0.39Lを逐次添加して重合させた以外はスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーa-1と同様の方法で重合反応及び水添反応を行い、1,2-結合及び3,4-結合の含有量が65モル%のポリスチレン-ポリ(イソプレン/ブタジエン)-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体の水素添加物10kgを得た。
得られた重合体の〔Mw(A1)/Mw(A2)〕は1.00、ガラス転移温度は-30℃、スチレン含有量は7質量%、水素添加率は90%、重量平均分子量は210,000であった。
開始剤としてsec-ブチルリチウム0.09L、ルイス塩基としてテトラヒドロフラン0.3Lを仕込み、重合させるモノマーとしてスチレン0.44L、イソプレン6.7L及び1,3-ブタジエン7.4Lの混合液、スチレン0.44Lを逐次添加して重合させた以外はスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーa-1と同様の方法で重合反応及び水添反応を行い、1,2-結合及び3,4-結合の含有量が65モル%のポリスチレン-ポリ(イソプレン/ブタジエン)-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体の水素添加物10kgを得た。
得られた重合体の〔Mw(A1)/Mw(A2)〕は1.00、ガラス転移温度は-32℃、スチレン含有量は8質量%、水素添加率は88%、重量平均分子量は160,000であった。
開始剤としてsec-ブチルリチウム0.13L、ルイス塩基としてテトラヒドロフラン0.2Lを仕込み、重合させるモノマーとしてスチレン1.60L、イソプレン16.0L、スチレン1.60Lを逐次添加して重合させた以外はスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーa-1と同様の方法で重合反応及び水添反応を行い、1,2-結合及び3,4-結合の含有量が75モル%のポリスチレン-ポリイソプレン-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体の水素添加物13kgを得た。
得られた重合体の〔Mw(A1)/Mw(A2)〕は1.00、ガラス転移温度は-15℃、スチレン含有量は20質量%、水素添加率は84%、重量平均分子量は120,000であった。
開始剤としてsec-ブチルリチウム0.18L、ルイス塩基としてN,N,N’,N’-テトラメチレンジアミン0.10Lを仕込み、重合させるモノマーとしてスチレン0.90L、1,3-ブタジエン16.6L、スチレン0.90Lを逐次添加して重合させた以外はスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーa-1と同様の方法で重合反応及び水添反応を行い、1,2-結合の含有量が77モル%のポリスチレン-ポリブタジエン-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体の水素添加物11kgを得た。
得られた重合体の〔Mw(A1)/Mw(A2)〕は1.00、ガラス転移温度は-45℃、スチレン含有量は13質量%、水素添加率は99%、重量平均分子量は190,000であった。
開始剤としてsec-ブチルリチウム0.18L、重合させるモノマーとしてスチレン2.20L、イソプレン6.6L及び1,3-ブタジエン7.5Lの混合液、スチレン2.20Lを逐次添加して重合させた以外はスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a-1)と同様の方法で重合反応及び水添反応を行い、1,2-結合及び3,4-結合の含有量が5モル%のポリスチレン-ポリ(イソプレン/ブタジエン)-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体の水素添加物13kgを得た。
得られた重合体の〔Mw(A1)/Mw(A2)〕は1.00、ガラス転移温度は-55℃、スチレン含有量は30質量%、水素添加率は98%、重量平均分子量は100,000であった。
・b-1:ライオンデルバゼルインダストリー社製、ランダムポリプロピレン「PURELL RP373R」(MFR=25.0g/10分(230℃、21.2N))
・b-2:ライオンデルバゼルインダストリー社製、ランダムポリプロピレン「PURELL RP378T」(MFR=48.0g/10分(230℃、21.2N))
・b-3:株式会社プライムポリマー製、ランダムポリプロピレン「F327」(MFR=7g/10分(230℃、21.2N)、融点145℃)
・b-4:株式会社プライムポリマー製、ランダムポリプロピレン「J226E」(MFR=30g/10分(230℃、21.2N)、融点150℃)
・b-5:ザ・ポリオレフィン・カンパニー社製、ランダムポリプロピレン「COSMPLENE S331」(MFR=3g/10分(230℃、21.2N)、融点150℃)
・軟化剤:パラフィン系プロセスオイル「ダイアナプロセスオイルPW-90」(出光興産株式会社製、動粘度(40℃)95.54mm2/s)
・滑剤:エルカ酸アミド「脂肪酸アマイドE」(花王株式会社製)
上記で得られたスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a-1、a-2、a-3、a-4、a-5)、水添ブロック共重合体、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b-1、b-2、b-3、b-4、b-5)、軟化剤、及び滑剤を表1,2に示した配合割合で、2軸押出機を用いて230℃で溶融混練して、樹脂組成物よりなるペレットを得た。得られたペレットを、チューブダイを取り付けた単軸押出機で、成形条件A(押出温度 185℃、引き取り速度 10m/分)、成形条件B(押出温度 175℃、引き取り速度 10m/分)、又は成形条件C(押出温度175℃、引き取り速度20m/分)で成形した後、冷却槽にて水冷して、外径4.0mm、内径3.0mm、肉厚0.5mmのチューブを得た。
得られたチューブの結晶度、結晶化温度、透明性、柔軟性、耐キンク性、耐鉗子性、膠着性、溶剤接着性を評価した結果を表1、2に示す。また、成形条件Cにて押出したチューブの透明性、柔軟性、耐キンク性、耐鉗子性、膠着防止性、溶剤接着性を評価した結果を表3に示す。図1に、実施例1、2、4、7及び8、比較例1、2、9及び10、並びに参考例1で得られたチューブの広角X線回折図を示す。
スチレン含有量が10質量%以下のスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a-2、a-3)を用いた実施例7~9で得られた樹脂組成物よりなるチューブは、特に耐キンク性に優れることが分かる。
これに対して、表2から、比較例1~6で得られた樹脂組成物よりなるチューブは、回折ピーク強度比〔I(14)/I(15)〕が1.4未満であるため、耐鉗子性、膠着防止性に劣ることが分かる。
比較例7で得られた樹脂組成物よりなるチューブは、耐キンク性に劣ることが分かる。また、透明性、柔軟性、溶剤接着性にも劣る。
また、比較例8で得られた樹脂組成物よりなるチューブは、チューブを円形にするまでに潰れてしまい、耐キンク性を測定することができなかった。また、鉗子で挟むとチューブが変形したままになったり、一部に破れなどが生じ、耐鉗子性を測定することができなかった。このことから比較例8で得られたチューブは耐キンク性、耐鉗子性ともに劣り、また透明性も著しく劣っていることが分かる。
比較例9,10で得られた樹脂組成物からなるチューブは、軟化剤としてパラフィン系オイルを含んでいるため、チューブ表面の膠着性が高く、また耐鉗子性も著しく劣る。
参考例1で得られた樹脂組成物からなるチューブは、耐キンク性、耐鉗子性、膠着防止性に優れるが、透明性、柔軟性がわずかに劣る。
これに対して、参考例2を表1の実施例1,3と、参考例3を実施例5と、比較例11を比較例1,3と、比較例12を比較例2とそれぞれ比較すると、耐キンク性が著しく低下していることが分かる。
Claims (5)
- スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)及びポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)を含み、かつ軟化剤を含まない樹脂組成物を成形してなるチューブであって、
スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)が、芳香族ビニル化合物からなる重合体ブロック(A)とイソプレン及び/又は1,3-ブタジエンからなる重合体ブロック(B)とから少なくとも構成されるブロック共重合体が、水素添加された水添ブロック共重合体であって、
重合体ブロック(A)の含有量が、水素添加前におけるスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の総量に対して5~40質量%、重合体ブロック(B)の水素添加率が70%以上であり、かつ重合体ブロック(B)の1,2-結合と3,4-結合の含有量が30~85モル%であり、
ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)に対するスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の質量比〔(a)/(b)〕が90/10~40/60であり、
広角X線回折における、散乱角(2θ)15°の回折ピーク強度〔I(15)〕に対する、散乱角(2θ)14°の回折ピーク強度〔I(14)〕の比〔I(14)/I(15)〕が1.4以上であるチューブ。 - ポリプロピレン系樹脂(b)の温度230℃、荷重21.2Nにおけるメルトフローレートが10~50g/10分である請求項1に記載のチューブ。
- 重合体ブロック(A)の含有量が、水素添加前におけるスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー(a)の総量に対して5~10質量%である請求項1又は2に記載のチューブ。
- 示差走査型熱量計による、冷却速度10℃/分における結晶化温度が95℃以上である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のチューブ。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のチューブを用いてなる医療用具。
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JP2011503824A JP5507540B2 (ja) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-09 | チューブ及びそれを用いた医療用具 |
US13/255,174 US8592018B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-09 | Tube and medical device using same |
KR1020117020903A KR101668134B1 (ko) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-09 | 튜브 및 그것을 사용한 의료 용구 |
ES10750821T ES2498829T5 (es) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-09 | Tubo y dispositivo médico que usa el mismo |
EP10750821.0A EP2407512B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-09 | Tube and medical device using same |
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WO2020095713A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-14 | デンカ株式会社 | 人工血管 |
JPWO2020095713A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-10-07 | デンカ株式会社 | 人工血管 |
JP7366055B2 (ja) | 2018-11-08 | 2023-10-20 | デンカ株式会社 | 人工血管 |
US11965096B2 (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2024-04-23 | Denka Company Limited | Resin composition and biological model using same |
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CN102348756B (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
ES2498829T5 (es) | 2020-08-12 |
US8592018B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
EP2407512A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
US20110319837A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
JPWO2010104068A1 (ja) | 2012-09-13 |
EP2407512B1 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
ES2498829T3 (es) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2407512A4 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
CN102348756A (zh) | 2012-02-08 |
JP5507540B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
KR20110137303A (ko) | 2011-12-22 |
EP2407512B2 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
KR101668134B1 (ko) | 2016-10-20 |
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