WO2010081418A1 - 碳酸氢镁或/和碳酸氢钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的应用 - Google Patents

碳酸氢镁或/和碳酸氢钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2010081418A1
WO2010081418A1 PCT/CN2010/070182 CN2010070182W WO2010081418A1 WO 2010081418 A1 WO2010081418 A1 WO 2010081418A1 CN 2010070182 W CN2010070182 W CN 2010070182W WO 2010081418 A1 WO2010081418 A1 WO 2010081418A1
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magnesium
calcium
metal
hydrogencarbonate
aqueous solution
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PCT/CN2010/070182
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French (fr)
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WO2010081418A8 (zh
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黄小卫
龙志奇
彭新林
李红卫
杨桂林
崔大立
王春梅
赵娜
王良士
于瀛
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北京有色金属研究总院
有研稀土新材料股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN200910118985A external-priority patent/CN101781706A/zh
Application filed by 北京有色金属研究总院, 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 filed Critical 北京有色金属研究总院
Priority to US13/143,772 priority Critical patent/US8721998B2/en
Priority to AU2010205981A priority patent/AU2010205981B2/en
Priority to CN2010800005518A priority patent/CN101970700B/zh
Publication of WO2010081418A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010081418A1/zh
Publication of WO2010081418A8 publication Critical patent/WO2010081418A8/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B59/00Obtaining rare earth metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/38Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/38Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C22B3/384Pentavalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof
    • C22B3/3844Phosphonic acid, e.g. H2P(O)(OH)2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/38Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C22B3/384Pentavalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof
    • C22B3/3846Phosphoric acid, e.g. (O)P(OH)3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/40Mixtures
    • C22B3/408Mixtures using a mixture of phosphorus-based acid derivatives of different types
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of aqueous magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and an aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate in the process of metal extraction separation and purification.
  • the acidic organic extractant is pre-extracted by mixing with a magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and an aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate and a metal solution, and the metal ions are extracted into the organic phase to obtain a supported organic phase containing a metal ion for the metal solution. Extractive separation and purification, belonging to the field of solvent extraction separation and purification.
  • Acidic organic extractant is the most widely used extractant in the industry. Rare earth, nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, chromium, vanadium and other metals can be extracted and purified by acidic solvent extraction. The most common process There are: saponified P507 (2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester), P204 (di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid), C272 (bis(4-trimethylpentyl)phosphonic acid), P229 (bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphonic acid), C301 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid), C302 (bis(2,4,4-tri) Extraction and separation of rare earth elements in hydrochloric acid system by extraction agents such as methylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid, cyclodecanoic acid or isomeric acid ([1] Rare Earth Chemistry, Changch
  • the extracting agent used in the above extraction and purification is an acidic organic extracting agent, and the extraction ability (distribution ratio) of the metal is inversely proportional to the equilibrium acidity of the aqueous phase.
  • the metal ions are exchanged with the hydrogen ions in the acidic organic extractant to convert hydrogen.
  • HA represents an organic extractant and M 3+ represents a trivalent metal ion.
  • Chinese invention patent application 200710163930.9 discloses a pretreatment method of an organic extractant and an application technique thereof, which is obtained by slurrying rare earth carbonate or using an alkaline earth metal mineral containing calcium and magnesium, and pretreating a slurry with a rare earth solution to obtain a pretreatment slurry.
  • the organic extractant is pretreated at a temperature, and the rare earth ions in the slurry are extracted into the organic phase to obtain a rare earth ion-loaded organic extractant for non-saponification extraction and separation of the rare earth.
  • Chinese invention patent application 200710187954.8 discloses a pretreatment method, product and application technique of organic extractant.
  • the organic extractant is directly premixed by mixing rare earth solution and alkaline earth metal compound powder or water slurry containing magnesium and/or calcium.
  • the rare earth metal ions in the aqueous phase are extracted into the organic phase, and the exchanged new ecological hydrogen ions dissolve the alkaline earth metal compound to obtain a rare earth metal ion-loaded organic extractant for non-saponification extraction and separation of rare earth elements.
  • the above two invention patent applications use an alkaline earth metal mineral containing calcium or magnesium, or an alkaline earth metal compound powder or water slurry containing magnesium and/or calcium, that is, containing magnesium and/or calcium oxide, hydroxide, carbon.
  • Pretreatment or pre-extraction of the organic phase by acid powder or water slurry Pretreatment or pre-extraction of the organic phase by acid powder or water slurry. Since the alkaline earth metal minerals containing calcium and magnesium, their oxides and hydroxide products contain more impurities such as silicon, iron and aluminum, the Si content is generally It is 2 to 4%, the Fe content is 0.5 to 1%, and the A1 content is 0.3 to 0.5%. impurities such as iron and aluminum are easily extracted into the organic phase, thereby affecting product quality, and silicon exists in the form of oxide or silicate. It is relatively stable, does not participate in the reaction, still exists as a solid substance, partially precipitates to the bottom of the extraction tank, and is partially mixed in the organic phase to form a three-phase substance.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium in the extraction and separation of metal from an acidic organic extractant; the second objective is to provide an acidic organic compound which does not produce ammonia nitrogen wastewater and has low production cost.
  • the invention studies the application of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium in the process of metal extraction separation and purification.
  • the acidic organic extractant, magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and an aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate and a metal solution are added to the extraction tank for pre-extraction stepwise or simultaneously, and the metal ions are extracted into the organic phase, and clarified to obtain a load containing the extractable metal ions.
  • the organic phase is used for extracting and separating and purifying metal elements, and is exchanged with the easily extractable metal ions, and is separated and purified by multi-stage extraction, and the difficult-extracted metal ions and the easily extractable metal ions are separated and purified.
  • the basic reaction formula is as follows
  • M a represents a difficult metal ion
  • M b represents an easily extractable metal ion
  • Magnesium or / and calcium ions enter the aqueous phase during the pre-extraction process, and basically do not enter the extraction separation and purification process with the organic phase, and maintain the equilibrium acidity of the aqueous phase in the extraction process, and the alkaline earth metal content in the metal product is low.
  • the invention uses magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and an aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate as an acid balance agent, adjusts the equilibrium pH value in the process of extracting and separating and purifying the metal by the acidic organic extractant, improves the extraction ability of the organic relative metal, and makes the concentration of the metal ion in the supported organic phase. improve.
  • An acidic organic extractant such as P507, P204, P229, C272, C301, C302, a fatty acid, a cyclic citric acid or an isomeric acid is pre-extracted by mixing or simultaneously mixing with a magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and an aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate and a metal solution.
  • Metal ions are quantitatively extracted into the organic phase, and after clarification, the supported organic phase containing metal ions is used for extraction separation and purification of various metal solutions, and is purified by multi-stage extraction to obtain a single metal compound or a rich metal. Collecting things.
  • the invention calcinates minerals such as low-cost magnesite, limestone, calcite, dolomite, etc., and then digests and pulverizes magnesium oxide or/and calcium oxide, or directly converts magnesium hydroxide or/and calcium hydroxide.
  • the slurry is mixed with water (the Si content of the raw material is 2 to 4%, the Fe content is 0.5 to 1%, and the A1 content is 0.3 to 0.5%), and then carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the slurry to carbonize to obtain magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and hydrogencarbonate.
  • Calcium aqueous solution or magnesium hydroxide as raw material to prepare magnesium hydroxide, add water to adjust the slurry and carbonize to obtain magnesium hydrogencarbonate solution, and then filter, remove impurities such as silicon, iron, aluminum, etc. to obtain pure magnesium hydrogencarbonate or / and hydrogen carbonate
  • the invention has the following advantages: (1) pre-extraction and extraction separation and purification processes do not produce three-phase substances, do not introduce impurities such as iron, aluminum, silicon, etc., do not affect product quality, (2) use magnesium bicarbonate or / and calcium bicarbonate precisely control the equilibrium pH of the metal extraction process, high recovery of rare earth, and liquid-to-liquid reaction ratio The liquid-solid reaction rate is fast, the metal extraction is more complete, and the liquid is easier to control than the solid slurry flow rate; (3) directly using the calcium or magnesium ore or the lower specification oxides and hydroxides as raw materials, in the carbonization process Magnesium or calcium becomes liquid, and impurities such as silicon, iron and aluminum remain in the slag and are removed by filtration.
  • the magnesium ion-containing raffinate aqueous phase is subjected to alkali conversion to prepare magnesium hydroxide, and is returned to carbonation to prepare magnesium hydrogencarbonate.
  • magnesium carbonate or/and calcium and hydrogen ions are reacted to produce CO 2 and metal carbonate,
  • the oxalate roasting and the CO 2 produced by the boiler can be collected and reused for carbonization to prepare magnesium bicarbonate or/and calcium.
  • the resources are effectively recycled, avoiding environmental pollution caused by CO 2 gas and wastewater, and Reduce metal production costs.
  • the invention proposes the application of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or / and aqueous calcium hydrogencarbonate solution in the process of metal extraction separation and purification.
  • magnesium bicarbonate or / and calcium bicarbonate aqueous solution in the process of metal extraction separation and purification is an acid balance agent in the process of extracting and separating and purifying metal by using magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium aqueous solution as an acidic organic extractant.
  • the extraction separation and purification process comprises the following steps: (1) using an acidic organic extractant, an aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and an aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate, and a metal solution containing the metal ion to be separated and purified, stepwise or simultaneously added to the extraction tank. Pre-extraction in a multi-stage or multi-stage cocurrent or/and countercurrent manner, the aqueous phase is equilibrated at a pH of 1 to 6, and metal ions are extracted into the organic phase to obtain a supported organic phase containing metal ions and containing magnesium or/and calcium ions.
  • the obtained metal ion-loaded organic phase is used for extraction separation and purification of a metal solution containing two or more metal ions, including metal ions contained in the supported organic phase, and is subjected to multiple stages. Extraction, washing and stripping, extracting metal ions into the raffinate, extracting metal ions into the stripping solution, obtaining raffinates, washings and stripping products containing different metal ions; or loading organic ions containing metals
  • the phase is directly stripped with an acid or alkali solution to obtain a purified metal solution or slurry, and the solution is subjected to concentrated crystallization or precipitation to produce gold. Is a compound product, or is further extracted and separated to produce a single metal compound product, and the slurry is filtered to obtain a compound product.
  • the acidic organic extractant is added to the extraction tank simultaneously with the aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium hydrogencarbonate for single-stage or multi-stage co-current or/and countercurrent extraction, magnesium or/and calcium ions and hydrogen ions in the organic phase.
  • the water phase balance pH value is 3 ⁇ 5
  • clarify the phase separation the obtained organic phase containing magnesium or/and calcium ions and the organic phase containing magnesium or/and calcium ions in the wastewater solution and the metal ion to be separated and purified
  • the metal solution is pre-extracted by single-stage or multi-stage cocurrent or/and countercurrent extraction, metal ions are extracted into the organic phase, and the phase separation is carried out to obtain a metal ion-loaded organic phase and magnesium or/and calcium.
  • the raffinate aqueous phase of the ion balances the pH value from 2.5 to 4.5; (2) The obtained organic phase containing the metal ion is used for extraction and purification of the metal solution containing two or more metal ions, including loading organic The metal ions contained in the phase; after multi-stage extraction, washing and stripping, the difficult-to-extract metal ions enter the raffinate, and the easily extractable metal ions enter the stripping solution to obtain a raffinate containing different metal ions and a washing liquid.
  • the stripping product; or the metal ion-loaded organic phase is directly stripped with an acid or alkali solution to obtain a purified metal solution or slurry, and the solution is subjected to concentrated crystallization or precipitation to produce a metal compound product, or further extracted and purified.
  • the metal ions in the technical solution are ruthenium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, aluminum, vanadium, At least one metal ion of copper and zinc.
  • Commonly used metal elements are at least one metal ion of ruthenium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium, osmium and iridium.
  • the acidic extractant in the technical solution is one or several mixed extracting agents of the acidic phosphorus extracting agent and the carboxylic acid extracting agent, and is diluted with an organic solvent, and the concentration of the extracting agent is 0.5-2.0 mol/L.
  • Acidic extraction The extracting agent is one or several mixed extracting agents containing P507, P204, P229, C272, C301, C302, a fatty acid, a cyclic citric acid and an isomeric acid.
  • the content of magnesium oxide or/and calcium oxide in the aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium hydrogencarbonate is 5-100 g/L, and the optimum condition is 5-30 g/L.
  • the Fe content is less than 5 ppm and the A1 content is less than 5 ppm.
  • the optimization results in an Fe content of less than 2 ppm and an A1 content of less than 2 ppm.
  • step (1) single-stage or 2-20-stage co-current or/and counter-current extraction is used for the extraction, and the volume flow of the organic phase and the aqueous phase (including metal solution, aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/or aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate)
  • the total content of metal ions is 0.05 ⁇ 0.3 mol/L, and the equilibrium aqueous phase, that is, the pH of the raffinate aqueous phase containing magnesium or/and calcium ions is 2.5 ⁇ 4.5.
  • the organic phase is mixed with magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium, and then the metal ion solution is added and mixed; 2.
  • the organic phase, magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and Calcium, metal solutions are mixed.
  • the acidic extractant of l ⁇ 1.5mol/L and the aqueous solution of magnesium carbonate or/and calcium hydrogencarbonate of saturated carbon dioxide are extracted by single-stage or 2 ⁇ 10-stage cocurrent or/and countercurrent extraction.
  • the organic phase with calcium ions and the pH value of 2.5 ⁇ 4.5 wastewater solution are returned to the carbonization process.
  • the organic phase containing magnesium or/and calcium ions is further extracted with 0.1 ⁇ 2.0mol/L metal solution by single-stage or 2 ⁇ 10-stage cocurrent and/or countercurrent extraction.
  • the volume flow ratio or organic phase is compared:
  • the water phase is 0.2 ⁇ 10:1, the single stage is 3 ⁇ 30 minutes, the clarification time is 5 ⁇ 30 minutes, the metal ions are extracted into the organic phase, and after clarification, the supported organic phase containing metal ions and magnesium or/and calcium are obtained.
  • the ionized aqueous phase of the ion, the metal ion content in the supported organic phase is 0.1 ⁇ 0.2 mol/L, and the equilibrium aqueous phase, that is, the pH of the raffinate aqueous phase is 2.5 ⁇ 4.5; the 0.1 ⁇ 2.0mol/L metal solution used is the step (2)
  • the raffinate obtained by the separation and purification is extracted and separated, and the temperature in the extraction tank is controlled at 20 to 50 °C.
  • the metal solution is a chloride solution, a nitrate solution, a sulfate solution or a mixed solution thereof, and the metal concentration is 0.1 ⁇ 2.0 mol/L;
  • Step (1) The carbon dioxide gas produced by the reaction of the acidic organic extractant with magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and an aqueous calcium solution is collected and returned for the preparation of an aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium hydrogencarbonate.
  • One of the preparation methods of the magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium aqueous solution described in the technical solution prepared by calcination, digestion and carbonization of magnesium or/and calcium minerals, wherein the calcium magnesium ore is magnesite and white cloud in the technical solution. At least one mineral of a mineral such as stone or magnesium carbonate.
  • the above calcination process containing magnesium or/and calcium minerals is carried out by calcining the mineral at 700 to 1000 ° C for 1 to 5 hours, and the digestion process is to add magnesium oxide and/or calcium to water at 50 to 95 ° after calcination. C is digested for 0.5 ⁇ 5 hours. Calculate the liquid-solid ratio of 1 ⁇ 5:1 according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide or/and calcium. Add water to adjust the slurry. Calculate the liquid-solid ratio according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide or/and calcium.
  • the carbonization process is carbonization by introducing carbon dioxide gas after the digestion process, the reaction temperature is controlled at 0-50 ° C, the reaction time is 0.1-5 hours, and filtered to obtain pure magnesium hydrogencarbonate or / and an aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the second method for preparing the aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate in the technical solution digesting magnesium oxide with water at 50 to 95 ° C for 0.5 to 5 hours, and calculating the liquid to solid ratio of 1 to 5 according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide: 1, add water to adjust the slurry, or adjust the magnesium hydroxide with water, calculate the liquid-solid ratio of 10 ⁇ 200:1 according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide, then carbon dioxide gas for carbonization, the reaction temperature is controlled at 0 ⁇ 50 °C , the reaction time is 0.1 ⁇ 5 hours, Filtration gave a pure aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the magnesium hydrogen carbonate solution is prepared by using magnesium salt as a raw material, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • magnesium hydroxide The magnesium salt solution or the solid magnesium salt is dissolved in water to prepare a solution, and a liquid or solid basic compound stronger than magnesium hydroxide is added to obtain a magnesium hydroxide slurry or filtered to obtain a hydroxide. Magnesium filter cake.
  • Step 1) The obtained magnesium hydroxide slurry or filter cake is pulverized with water and carbonized by carbon dioxide to obtain a magnesium hydrogencarbonate solution.
  • the magnesium salt of the step 1) is at least one of magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate, and the concentration thereof is 10 to 300 g/L in terms of magnesium oxide.
  • the magnesium salt solution is at least one of a raffinate aqueous phase containing magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate obtained by extraction and purification, a brine and seawater, and the concentration thereof is 10 to 200 g/L in terms of magnesium oxide.
  • the basic compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide obtained by digesting calcium oxide, and a mixture of calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide obtained by digesting light burnt dolomite.
  • Step 1) The basic compound is a mixture of calcium hydroxide obtained by calcium oxide digestion or calcium hydroxide obtained by digesting light burnt dolomite with magnesium hydroxide.
  • Step 1) The amount of the basic compound added is 1 to 1.5 times the theoretical stoichiometry, the reaction temperature is 15 to 95 ° C, and the reaction time is 10 to 180 minutes.
  • step 2) during the slurry adjustment process of magnesium hydroxide slurry or filter cake, the liquid-solid ratio is 10 ⁇ 200:1 according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide.
  • the reaction temperature is controlled. 0 ⁇ 35 ° C, filtered to obtain a pure aqueous solution of magnesium bicarbonate.
  • Preparation method of aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate in technical solution from calcium carbonate, limestone, marble At least one of the dolomite is directly sprayed with water and carbon dioxide is introduced for carbonization to obtain a pure aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the invention uses an aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium hydrogencarbonate as an acid balance agent, adjusts the equilibrium pH value in the process of extracting and separating and purifying metal by the acidic organic extractant, improves the extraction ability of the organic relative metal, and makes the metal ion in the organic phase supported.
  • the concentration is increased, that is, the acidic organic extractant such as P507, P204, P229, C272, C301, C302, cyclodecanoic acid or isomeric acid is mixed with magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution and metal solution for pre-extraction.
  • Metal ions are quantitatively extracted into the organic phase, and after clarification, the supported organic phase containing metal ions is used for extraction separation and purification of various metal solutions, and is purified by multi-stage extraction to obtain a single metal compound or several metals. Enrichment.
  • the aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium hydrogencarbonate used is prepared by calcination, digestion and carbonization of calcium and magnesium minerals such as magnesite, limestone, calcite and dolomite, or magnesium hydroxide is used as raw material to prepare magnesium hydroxide.
  • the main advantages of the invention are as follows: (1) Preparation of high-purity magnesium hydrogencarbonate or/and calcium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution for pre-extraction, pre-extraction and extraction separation and purification of common magnesium or/and calcium solid compounds. The process does not produce three-phase materials, does not produce ammonia nitrogen wastewater and high salinity wastewater; (2) uses magnesium bicarbonate or / and calcium bicarbonate to precisely control the metal extraction process to balance the pH value, metal extraction is more complete, rare earth recovery is high, flow is easy Precise control; (3) Magnesium-containing raffinate aqueous phase and CO 2 and metal carbonate produced by organic phase pre-extraction Salt, oxalate roasting, CO 2 produced by boilers can be collected for the preparation of magnesium bicarbonate or / and calcium bicarbonate, resources can be effectively recycled, avoiding ammonia nitrogen, high salinity wastewater and CO 2 gas to the environment (3) Save a lot of chemical material costs and wastewater treatment costs, and metal production costs are greatly reduced.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the extraction process of Example 1.
  • Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the extraction process of the comparative example
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the extraction process of Example 5
  • the supported organic phase has a rare earth content (based on REO, the same below) of 0.165 mol/L, and a magnesium chloride raffinate aqueous phase having a pH of 3.5 and a REO content of less than 0.001 mol/L.
  • the magnesium chloride raffinate aqueous phase is subjected to alkali conversion to prepare magnesium hydroxide, and then carbonized to prepare magnesium bicarbonate for returning to the pre-extraction process, and the carbon dioxide released during the pre-extraction process is also returned for carbonization to prepare an aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the supported organic phase containing ruthenium 0.165 mol/L was directly used for the separation of the mixed rare earth chloride solution containing La, Ce and Pr (REO: 1.48 mol/L, wherein the Pr content was 7.2%).
  • aqueous phase (volume ratio) 2.2:1
  • single-stage mixing time was 4 minutes
  • clarification was 15 minutes
  • the temperature in the extraction tank was 30 °C.
  • 7 stages of 5 mol/L hydrochloric acid countercurrent and aqueous phase reflux stripping a cerium chloride stripping solution and a cerium chloride retort are obtained.
  • the ruthenium chloride solution has a Pr 6 Ofact/REO of 99.9%, Fe 4.8ppm, A1 3.7ppm, Mg 2.6ppm ; ruthenium chloride raffinate concentration (REO) is 1.33 mol/L, Fe 2.5ppm, Al 2.3 Ppm, part of which is used for organic phase pre-extraction, part as product or as The raw materials of pure bismuth and pure bismuth are separated.
  • the iron content in the organic phase is less than 0.001 mol/L.
  • the above magnesium oxide slurry was added at a flow rate of 1 L / min, a ruthenium chloride raffinate (1.32 mol/L) at a flow rate of 0.5 L/min and a flow rate of 1.3 mol/L P507 organic phase at a flow rate of 4 L/min.
  • Cocurrent extraction was carried out in a 5-stage pre-extraction tank at a flow ratio of 4:3.2, an internal temperature of 45 ° C in the extraction tank, a mixing time of 40 minutes, and clarification for 15 minutes to obtain a supported organic phase containing a rare earth ion cerium.
  • the rare earth content REO is 0.163 mol/L, and the magnesium chloride raffinate aqueous phase is obtained.
  • the pH value is 2.5 and the REO content is less than 0.006 mol/L.
  • the supported organic phase containing ruthenium (REO is 0.163 mol/L) is used for the separation and separation of mixed rare earth chloride solution (REO: 1.48 mol/L, wherein the content of Pr is 7.2%) containing La, Ce and Pr.
  • Pr 6 Oproject/REO is 99.9% Fe 5.3 ppm, Al 52ppm, Mg 2.8ppm ;
  • ruthenium chloride raffinate concentration is 1.32 mol/L, Fe 3.8ppm, Al 2.7ppm, part of which is used Pre-extracted in the organic phase, partly as a product or as a raw material for the separation of pure bismuth and pure hydrazine.
  • the mixture of magnesia and calcium oxide obtained by calcining dolomite at 950-1000 ° C for 1 hour is digested with water at 50 ° C for 5 hours, and the liquid-solid ratio is 5:1 according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide or/and calcium.
  • Add water to adjust the slurry calculate the liquid-solid ratio of 190:1 according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, then pass carbon dioxide gas (30vt%), react at 25 ° C for 2 hours, and clarify and filter to obtain pure carbonic acid.
  • An aqueous solution of magnesium hydride and calcium hydrogencarbonate (MgO + CaO: 5.0 g/L, Fe: 1.2 ppm, Al: 0.6 ppm).
  • the supported organic phase was directly used for the separation and purification of cerium nitrate with a metal ion concentration of 1.0 mol/L.
  • the flow ratio is 0.37:1
  • the temperature in the extraction tank was 25 ° C
  • the single-stage mixing time was 9 minutes
  • clarification was carried out for 20 minutes to obtain a supported organic phase containing 0.198 mol/L of cobalt ion
  • a magnesium sulfate raffinate aqueous phase having a pH of 3.8 was obtained.
  • the supported organic phase containing cobalt ions was washed in a countercurrent manner with a 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 5 stages, and then counter-extracted with 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid for 4 stages, and the single-stage mixing time was 4 minutes, and clarified for 13 minutes to obtain cobalt chloride.
  • the solution was added to a theoretical amount of 1.25 times of oxalic acid to precipitate cobalt to obtain cobalt oxalate, which was then calcined at 850-90 CTC for 2 hours to obtain a cobalt oxide product.
  • Dolomite, marble and calcium carbonate are carbonized at a temperature of 25 ° C while passing carbon dioxide (99 vt%), and clarified and filtered to obtain a pure aqueous solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate (CaO: llg/L, Fe: 0.5 ppm). , Al: 0.6 ppm).
  • the aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate was added to the pre-extraction tank at a flow rate of 16.2 L / min, 0.7 mol/L of the citric acid organic phase at a flow rate of 10 L/min, and a 1.35 mol/L lanthanum chloride solution at a flow rate of 1.5 L/min.
  • the supported organic phase was directly used for extraction separation and purification of lanthanum and cerium chloride rare earth solution with a concentration of 1.45 mol/L.
  • the phase ratio of the organic phase/refined rare earth phase was 1:1, after 70 steps. Tiller extraction, the temperature in the tank is 40 ° C, the single-stage mixing time is 5 minutes, clarification for 20 minutes, and then through the 20-stage 5mol/L hydrochloric acid countercurrent and aqueous phase reflux stripping to obtain 99.99% lanthanum chloride raffinate and The stripping solution of cerium chloride, the extract is purified by further extraction and separation to obtain a single rare earth.
  • the ruthenium-loaded organic phase was back-extracted with 5.5 mol/L nitric acid through 8 stages of countercurrent and aqueous phase reflux to obtain a cerium mixed rare earth nitrate solution, which was concentrated and crystallized to obtain 46% by weight of cerium nitrate. ⁇ product.
  • Aqueous magnesium hydrogen carbonate solution (MgO: 12g/L) was added to the first-stage co-current extraction tank at a rate of 15.8 L/min and 0.98 mol/L cyclodecanoic acid at a rate of 10 L/min to mix 0.21 mol/L of mixed sulfuric acid rare earth.
  • the solution (including hydrazine, etc.) was added to the 10th stage countercurrent extraction tank at a rate of 14.4 L/min.
  • the flow ratio (organic phase: aqueous phase) 0.33:1, co-current extraction single-stage mixing time 10 minutes, counter-current extraction single-stage mixing time 3 minutes, clarification 15 minutes, extraction tank temperature 50 ° C, to obtain rare earth-loaded organic phase, its rare earth content REO is 0.30 mol /L, at the same time, a magnesium sulfate raffinate aqueous phase having a pH of 5.5 was obtained.
  • the supported organic phase was subjected to 3-stage countercurrent washing with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and then back-extracted with 5.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid through a 5-stage countercurrent and aqueous phase reflux to obtain a 1.65 mol/L mixed rare earth chloride solution, which was concentrated and crystallized.
  • Aqueous calcium bicarbonate solution (CaO: 100g / L, Fe: 2.5ppm, Al: 1.6ppm) 176 L, 0.8 mol / L fatty acid 1000 L, 1.6 mol / L cesium chloride solution 126 L was added to the extraction tank for single stage Extraction, compared with 3.3:1, mixing time 30 minutes, 25 ° C in the tank, clarification for 60 minutes to obtain a rare earth-loaded organic phase, the rare earth content REO is 0.20 mol / L, and at the same time obtain a balanced pH of 5.2 chlorination Calcium extracts the aqueous phase.
  • the supported organic phase was directly subjected to countercurrent extraction and stripping with 4.5 mol/L nitric acid to obtain a 1.36 mol/L lanthanum nitrate solution, which was concentrated and crystallized to obtain a cerium nitrate product having a REO of 45%.
  • Aqueous magnesium hydrogencarbonate solution (MgO: 15.6 g/L, Fe: 1.5 ppm, Al: 0.6 ppm), 1.3 mol/L mixed organic phase of P507 and C272 (P507 accounted for 70 vt%), and cerium chloride solution (1.26 mol) /L) was added to the 4-stage pre-extraction tank at a flow rate of 3.4 L/min, 5.6 L/min and 0.68 L/min for co-current extraction, flow ratio 1.44:1, single-stage mixing for 4 minutes, extraction tank temperature At 30 ° C, clarification for 15 minutes gave a supported organic phase containing ruthenium (REO 0.152 mol / L), while obtaining a raffinate aqueous phase magnesium chloride (MgO: 12.8 g / L), the equilibrium pH value of 2.
  • MgO ruthenium
  • the organic phase containing ruthenium (REO is 0.152 mol/L) was directly used for the extraction and purification of lanthanum chloride solution (1.35 mol/L).
  • the extraction was carried out with 56-stage tillering, and the flow ratio was 10:1.
  • the obtained 10 M 3 magnesium chloride solution (MgO: 12.8 g / L) was added to 286 kg of calcium hydroxide (CaO 75%), and the reaction was stirred at 25 ° C for 120 minutes to obtain a magnesium hydroxide slurry, which was then stirred.
  • Pre-entry The carbon dioxide released during the extraction process is carbonized, and the reaction is filtered for 2 hours to obtain a pure aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate for returning for pre-extraction.
  • Aqueous calcium bicarbonate solution (CaO: 25.5 g/L, Fe: 1.5 ppm, Al: 0.8 ppm) and 1.5 mol/L P507 organic phase were added to the organic phase at a flow rate of 7.5 L/min and lOL/min, respectively.
  • the pre-extraction was carried out in a co-current extraction tank at a flow ratio of 1.33:1 to obtain a supported organic phase containing 0.33 mol/L calcium ion and a wastewater solution having a balanced pH of 5; and then adding 1.86 mol/ at a flow rate of 10 L/min.
  • the L barium chloride solution and the calcium-containing supported organic phase were subjected to a 4-stage countercurrent extraction at a flow ratio of 10:1, a single-stage mixing time of 4 minutes, and a clarification time of 15 minutes to obtain a cerium-containing ion (REO of 0.185 mol/L).
  • the organic phase and the calcium chloride-containing raffinate phase were equilibrated to a pH of 4.
  • the organic phase containing ruthenium (REO is 0.185 mol/L) was directly used for the extraction separation and purification of lanthanum chloride solution (2.0 mol/L, bismuth content 20%).
  • the extraction flow ratio of 150 grades was 9:L.
  • Aqueous magnesium bicarbonate solution (MgO: 20.5 g/L, Fe: 1.2 ppm, Al: 0.8 ppm) and 1.5 mol/L P204 organic phase were added to the 2-stage co-current extraction at a flow rate of 6.2 L/min and 10 L/min, respectively.
  • the extraction was carried out in a tank at a flow ratio of 1.6:1 to obtain a supported organic phase containing 0.3 mol/L of magnesium ions and a wastewater solution having a pH of 4.5 and then added to a 1.56 mol/L lanthanum chloride solution at a flow rate of 1.16 L/min.
  • the supported organic phase containing magnesium ions was subjected to a 4-stage countercurrent pre-extraction at a flow ratio of 8.6:1, a single-stage mixing time of 4 minutes, and a clarification time of 15 minutes to obtain a supported organic phase containing cerium ions (REO of 0.18 mol/L); Obtaining raffinate aqueous phase magnesium chloride (MgO: 103 g/L, 2.58 mol/L), and the equilibrium pH was 2.5.
  • the organic phase containing ruthenium (REO 0.18 mol/L) was directly used for extraction and purification of ruthenium chloride solution (1.67 mol/L, Pr 6 Ontended 26%), and extracted by 60-stage splitting (extraction level 32) , Washing grade 28), flow ratio 8:1; using 10-stage 5.5mol/L hydrochloric acid countercurrent and aqueous phase reflux stripping, mixing ratio 4:1; single stage mixing time 5 minutes, clarification time 15 minutes, extraction tank At a temperature of 35 ° C, a 99.5% raffinate of ruthenium chloride and a 99.95% ruthenium chloride counter-extraction product were obtained.
  • the obtained 2.5 M 3 magnesium chloride solution (MgO: 103 g/L, 2.58 mol/L) was added to a mixture of calcium hydroxide (67%) and magnesium hydroxide (33%) obtained by digesting 750 kg of light burned dolomite, at 55 The reaction was stirred at ° C for 60 minutes, and the magnesium hydroxide filter cake was filtered to obtain a liquid-solid ratio of 45:1 according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide. Carbonation was carried out by adding carbon dioxide (90 vt%) while stirring, and the reaction temperature was 20 °C, the reaction time was 1 hour, and filtered to obtain a pure aqueous solution of magnesium hydrogencarbonate having a magnesium oxide content of 20.5 g/L, which was used for pre-extraction.
  • Magnesium hydroxide was added to the wastewater solution of pH 5 produced in Example 9, and the liquid-solid ratio was calculated to be 60:1 by weight of water and magnesium oxide, and then carbon dioxide gas (90 vt%) was introduced and reacted at 0 °C. After 5 hours, it was subjected to clarification filtration to obtain a purified aqueous magnesium hydrogencarbonate solution (MgO: 15.2 g/L, Fe: 0.8 ppm, Al: 0.7 ppm).
  • the supported organic phase containing aluminum ions is directly used for the dissolution of iron-containing aluminum sulfate with a metal ion concentration of 0.3 mol/L.
  • the liquid (the molar ratio of Fe is 3.5%) is extracted and purified, the ratio of organic phase to water phase is 1:3, the mixing time of single stage is 5 minutes, the clarification is 12 minutes, the temperature in the tank is 80 ⁇ , after 6 steps of extraction, After washing with 4 grades of 0.5 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, an aluminum sulfate raffinate product was obtained, wherein Fe ⁇ 20 ppm.
  • the magnesium chloride is formulated into a 5.0 mol/L solution (magnesium oxide content 200 g/L), and a 30% sodium hydroxide solution is added, wherein the sodium/magnesium molar ratio is 1, and the reaction is carried out at 20 ° C for 25 minutes to obtain a magnesium hydroxide slurry.
  • the filter cake is filtered to obtain a magnesium hydroxide filter cake, and the filter cake is slurried with water.
  • the liquid-solid ratio is calculated according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide: 30: 1, carbon dioxide gas is continuously carbonized, the reaction temperature is 25 ° C, and filtered.
  • Magnesium hydrogencarbonate solution (MgO: 30 g/L, Fe: 0.3 ppm, Al: 0.4 ppm).
  • the supported organic phase containing aluminum ions was directly used for extraction separation and purification of an aluminum-containing vanadium sulfate solution (A1: 10.5%) with a metal ion concentration of 0.2 mol/L.
  • the ratio of organic phase to water phase flow was 1:1, single-stage mixing.
  • the time is 5 minutes, the clarification is 15 minutes, the temperature in the extraction tank is 40 °C, and after 6-stage extraction, 6-stage 0.5 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid washing, and 10 grade 2 mol/L NaOH stripping, the sodium metavanadate product is obtained.
  • the calcium oxide powder was digested with water at 80 ° C for 60 minutes, and the liquid-solid ratio was 2.5:1 based on the weight of water and calcium oxide.
  • a calcium hydroxide slurry was obtained, and then brine was added, wherein the calcium/magnesium molar ratio was 1.2: 1, the reaction at 25 ° C for 60 minutes, to obtain a magnesium hydroxide slurry, filtered to obtain a magnesium hydroxide filter cake, the filter cake is water-based, according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide liquid to solid ratio of 50: 1, and through Carbon dioxide for continuous carbonization, reaction temperature
  • a magnesium hydrogencarbonate solution (MgO: 18.6 g/L, Fe: 1.7 ppm, Al: 0.3 ppm) was obtained by filtration.
  • the supported organic phase containing copper ions is directly used for extraction separation and purification of a copper-zinc sulfate solution with a metal ion concentration of 0.3 mol/L (a molar ratio of Zn is 26.5%).
  • the ratio of organic phase to water phase flow is 2:1, single
  • the mixing time is 5 minutes and the blunt clarification is 15 minutes.
  • the temperature in the blunt extraction tank is 30 °C.
  • 7 grades of 0.3 mol/L diluted sulfuric acid, 6 grades of 4 mol/L hydrochloric acid are stripped to obtain 99.9% of sulfuric acid. Copper raffinate and 99.5% zinc chloride stripping solution.
  • the calcium oxide powder was digested with water at 80 ° C for 60 minutes, and the liquid-solid ratio was 2.5:1 based on the weight of water and calcium oxide.
  • a calcium hydroxide slurry was obtained, and seawater was added thereto, wherein the calcium/magnesium molar ratio was 1.2: 1, the reaction at 25 ° C for 60 minutes, to obtain a magnesium hydroxide slurry, filtered to obtain a magnesium hydroxide filter cake, the filter cake is watered with water, the liquid-solid ratio is 60:1 according to the weight of water and magnesium oxide, and Carbon dioxide was continuously carbonized at a reaction temperature of 20 ° C, and filtered to obtain a magnesium hydrogencarbonate solution (MgO: 18.6 g/L, Fe: 1.7 ppm, Al: 0.3 ppm).
  • the supported organic phase containing copper ions is directly used for extraction separation and purification of a copper-zinc sulfate solution with a metal ion concentration of 0.3 mol/L (a molar ratio of Zn is 26.5%).
  • the ratio of organic phase to water phase flow is 2:1, single Level mixing
  • the time is 5 minutes and the blunt clarification is 15 minutes.
  • the temperature in the blunt extraction tank is 30 °C.
  • 7 grades of 0.3 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, 6 grades of 4 mol/L hydrochloric acid are stripped, and 99.9% of copper sulfate extract is obtained. Residual liquid and 99.5% zinc chloride stripping solution.
  • a saturated aqueous solution of carbon dioxide in magnesium bicarbonate (MgO: 20.5 g/L, Fe: 1.2 ppm, Al: 0.8 ppm) and a 1.5 mol/L P204 organic phase were added to the second stage at a flow rate of 6.2 L/min and 10 L/min, respectively.
  • the extraction was carried out in a co-current extraction tank at a flow ratio of 1.6:1 to obtain a supported organic phase containing 0.3 mol/L of magnesium ions and a wastewater solution having a balanced pH of 4.5; and then adding 0.31 mol/L of sulfuric acid at a flow rate of 6 L/min.
  • the ruthenium solution was subjected to a 4-stage countercurrent pre-extraction with a supported organic phase containing magnesium ions at a flow ratio of 0.82:1, a single-stage mixing time of 4 minutes, and a clarification time of 15 minutes to obtain a cerium-containing ion (REO of 0.185 mol/L).
  • the organic phase was supported; at the same time, the raffinate aqueous phase of magnesium sulfate was obtained, and the equilibrium pH was 2.0.
  • the supported organic phase was directly subjected to countercurrent extraction and stripping with 4.5 mol/L of nitric acid to obtain a 1.36 mol/L lanthanum nitrate solution, which was concentrated and crystallized to obtain a cerium nitrate product having a REO of 45 wt%.

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Description

碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的应 用。具体地说是将酸性有机萃取剂与碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液以及金属溶液 混合进行预萃取, 金属离子被萃入有机相中, 得到含金属离子的负载有机相用于 金属溶液的萃取分离提纯, 属于溶剂萃取分离提纯领域。
背景技术
酸性有机萃取剂是目前工业上最广泛应用的萃取剂, 稀土、 镍、 钴、 铁、 铝、 铜、 锌、 铬、 钒等金属均可以用酸性溶剂萃取法进行萃取分离提纯, 最常用的工 艺有: 皂化 P507 ( 2-乙基己基膦酸单 2-乙基己基酯)、 P204 (二 (2-乙基己基)磷酸)、 C272 (二 ( 4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)、 P229 (二 -(2-乙基已基)膦酸)、 C301(二 (2,4,4- 三甲基戊基)双硫代膦酸)、 C302(二 (2,4,4-三甲基戊基)单硫代膦酸)、 环垸酸或异 构酸等萃取剂在盐酸体系中萃取分离稀土元素([1]稀土化学论文集长春应化所, 1982年, 科学出版社; [2]徐光宪主编, 稀土, 第 2版(上册), 冶金工业出版社, 2002, P542-547 ); 中钇富铕离子型稀土矿稀土全分离工艺 (CN87101822); 氨化 P507溶剂萃取分离混合稀土工艺 (CN85102210); 有机相连续皂化技术
(CN95117989.6); 皂化环垸酸盐酸体系分离提纯氧化钇 (徐光宪主编, 稀土, 第 2 版 (上册), 冶金工业出版社, 2002, P582, 590)。 上述萃取分离提纯所用萃取 剂都属酸性有机萃取剂, 对金属的萃取能力 (分配比)与水相平衡酸度成反比, 一 般萃取金属离子与酸性有机萃取剂中的氢离子进行交换反应, 将氢离子置换到水 相, 水相酸度升高, 金属的萃取能力 (分配比)降低, 因此必须采用氨水或氢氧化 钠对萃取剂先进行皂化, 将有机相中的氢离子置换去除 (见反应式 1), 然后与金 属离子进行交换萃取分离提纯 (见反应式 2), 由此可见, 在萃取分离过程中不仅 由于消耗大量的氨, 造成成本增加, 而且要产生大量的氨氮废水, 对水资源造成 严重的污染, 分离提纯 1吨稀土氧化物要消耗 0.6〜1.0吨液氨, 由于产生的氨氮 废水浓度较低, 回收难度大, 而且回收成本很高, 企业难以接受。 如何消除氨氮 废水对环境的污染, 是目前稀土分离提纯工业上急需解决的一大难题。
HA + NH4 + == NH4A + H+ 反应式 1
3NH4A + M3+== MA3 + 3NH4 + 反应式 2
HA代表有机萃取剂, M3+代表三价金属离子。
近年来, 部分企业为了避免氨氮废水的污染, 采用氢氧化钠代替液氨皂化有 机相, 虽然不产生氨氮废水, 但又带来大量的氯化钠高盐度废水, 而且皂化成本 增加 1倍。
中国发明专利申请 200710163930.9 公开了一种有机萃取剂的预处理方法及 其应用技术, 将碳酸稀土用水调浆或将含钙、 镁的碱土金属矿物、 用稀土溶液调 浆获得预处理浆液, 在一定温度下对有机萃取剂进行预处理, 浆液中的稀土离子 被萃入有机相中, 得到含稀土离子的负载有机萃取剂用于稀土的非皂化萃取分 离。
中国发明专利申请 200710187954.8公开了一种有机萃取剂的预处理方法、产 品及其应用技术 将有机萃取剂直接与稀土溶液和含镁和 /或钙的碱土金属化合物 粉体或水浆混合进行预萃取, 水相中的稀土金属离子被萃入有机相, 交换下来的 新生态氢离子将碱土金属化合物溶解, 得到含稀土金属离子的负载有机萃取剂用 于稀土元素的非皂化萃取分离。 上述两个发明专利申请采用的是含钙、镁的碱土金属矿物, 或含镁和 /或钙的 碱土金属化合物粉体或水浆, 即含镁和 /或钙氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐粉体或水 浆对有机相进行预处理或预萃取, 由于含钙、 镁的碱土金属矿物及其氧化物、 氢 氧化物产品含较多的硅、 铁、 铝等杂质, 一般 Si含量为 2〜4%、 Fe含量为 0.5〜 1 %、 A1含量为 0.3〜0.5%, 铁、 铝等杂质易萃入有机相中, 从而影响产品质量, 硅以氧化物或硅酸盐形态存在, 比较稳定, 不参加反应, 仍以固体物存在, 部分 沉淀到萃取槽底部、 部分夹混在有机相中形成三相物, 另外, 固液反应速度慢且 不完全, 也会剩余少量固体物, 造成预处理或萃取过程中产生三相物, 影响萃取 过程顺利进行, 如采用杂质较少的高品位碱土金属矿则生产成本大幅度增加, 企 业无法运行。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在酸性有机萃取剂萃 取分离提纯金属过程中的应用; 目的之二是提供一种不产生氨氮废水、 生产成本 低的酸性有机萃取剂直接萃取分离提纯金属的新工艺; 目的之三是提供一种制备 碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液的方法。
本发明根据 P507、 P204、 C272、 P229、 C301、 C302、 环垸酸或异构酸等酸 性有机萃取剂的特性, 研究了碳酸氢镁或 /和钙在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的应 用。将酸性有机萃取剂、碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液以及金属溶液分步或同时 加入萃取槽进行预萃取, 金属离子被萃入有机相中, 经过澄清, 得到含难萃金属 离子的负载有机相, 用于萃取分离提纯金属元素时与易萃金属离子交换, 经过多 级萃取分离提纯, 难萃金属离子与易萃金属离子得到分离提纯。 基本反应式如下
Mg(HCO3)2+ 2 HA == MgA2+ 2CO2 + 2H2O 反应式 3 3MgA2 + 2Ma 3+ == 2MaA3 + 3 Mg2+ 反应式 4
MaA3 + Mb 3+ == Mb A3 + Ma 3+ 反应式 5
Ma代表难萃金属离子, Mb代表易萃金属离子。
镁或 /和钙离子在预萃取过程中进入水相,基本上不随有机相进入萃取分离提 纯过程, 并保持萃取过程水相平衡酸度稳定, 金属产品中碱土金属含量低。
本发明使用碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液作为酸平衡剂,调节酸性有机萃取 剂萃取分离提纯金属过程中的平衡 pH值, 提高有机相对金属的萃取能力, 使负 载有机相中金属离子浓度提高。 即将 P507、 P204、 P229、 C272、 C301、 C302、 脂肪酸、环垸酸或异构酸等酸性有机萃取剂与碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液以及 金属溶液分步或同时混合进行预萃取,金属离子被定量萃入有机相中,经过澄清, 得到含金属离子的负载有机相用于多种金属溶液的萃取分离提纯, 并经过多级萃 取分离提纯, 得到单一金属化合物或几种金属的富集物。
本发明将低成本的菱镁矿、 石灰石、 方解石、 白云石等矿物进行煅烧后消化 调浆, 或将氧化镁或 /和氧化钙消化调浆, 或直接将氢氧化镁或 /和氢氧化钙用水 调浆(上述原料中 Si含量 2〜4%、 Fe含量 0.5〜1 %、 A1含量 0.3〜0.5%), 然后 向浆料中通入二氧化碳气体进行碳化,得到碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液; 或者 以镁盐为原料制备氢氧化镁后加水调浆后碳化得到碳酸氢镁溶液, 再经过滤, 将 硅、 铁、 铝等杂质去除, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液, 其中 Fe含 量小于 5ppm, A1含量小于 5ppm, 将其与酸性有机萃取剂、 金属溶液混合进行预 萃取。 该发明与上述专利相比具有以下优点 :(1)预萃取及萃取分离提纯过程不产 生三相物, 不引入铁、 铝、 硅等杂质, 不影响产品质量, (2) 使用碳酸氢镁或 / 和碳酸氢钙精确控制金属萃取过程平衡 pH值, 稀土回收高, 而且液一液反应比 液固反应速度快, 金属萃取更完全, 而且液体比固体浆液流量易精确控制; (3 ) 直接采用含钙、 镁原矿或规格较低的氧化物、 氢氧化物为原料, 在碳化过程中使 镁或钙变成液体, 而硅、 铁、 铝等杂质留在渣中, 经过滤去除, 因此, 对钙或镁 原料的质量要求不高, 原料成本大幅度降低; 另外, 有机相预萃取生成的含镁离 子萃余水相经过碱转化制备氢氧化镁, 返回用于碳化制备碳酸氢镁, 预萃取过程 中碳酸氢镁或 /和钙与氢离子反应产生的 CO2以及金属碳酸盐、 草酸盐焙烧、 锅 炉产生的 CO2均可捕收又回用于碳化制备碳酸氢镁或 /和钙, 资源得到有效循环 利用, 避免了 CO2气体及废水对环境的污染, 而且还大幅度降低金属生产成本。
本发明具体技术方案如下:
本发明提出了碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的 应用。
1、 碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的应用是将碳 酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液作为酸性有机萃取剂萃取分离提纯金属过程中的酸平衡剂。
2、 萃取分离提纯过程包括下述步骤: (1 ) 将酸性有机萃取剂、 碳酸氢镁或 / 和碳酸氢钙水溶液以及含有待分离提纯金属离子的金属溶液分步或同时加入萃 取槽中采用单级或者多级共流或 /和逆流方式进行预萃取,水相平衡 pH值为 1~6, 金属离子被萃取到有机相中,得到含金属离子的负载有机相和含镁或 /和钙离子的 萃余水相; (2)将得到的含金属离子负载有机相用于含 2种或 2种以上金属离子 的金属溶液的萃取分离提纯, 包括负载有机相中所含金属离子, 经过多级萃取、 洗涤和反萃, 难萃金属离子进入萃余液, 易萃金属离子进入反萃液, 得到含不同 金属离子的萃余液、 洗液和反萃液产品; 或将含金属离子负载有机相直接用酸或 碱溶液反萃, 得到提纯后的金属溶液或浆液, 其溶液经过浓缩结晶或沉淀生产金 属化合物产品, 或进一步萃取分离生产单一金属化合物产品, 其浆液经过滤得到 化合物产品。
该萃取分离提纯过程步骤优化如下:
( 1 ) 将酸性有机萃取剂与碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液同时加入萃取槽中 进行单级或者多级共流或 /和逆流萃取, 镁或 /和钙离子与有机相中氢离子进行交 换, 水相平衡 pH值为 3~5, 澄清分相, 得到的含镁或 /和钙离子的有机相和废水 溶液 含镁或 /和钙离子的有机相再与含有待分离提纯金属离子的金属溶液通过单 级或者多级共流或 /和逆流萃取方式进行预萃取, 金属离子被萃入有机相中, 经过 澄清分相, 得到含金属离子的负载有机相和含镁或 /和钙离子的萃余水相, 平衡 pH值为 2.5~4.5; (2) 将得到的含金属离子的负载有机相用于含 2种或 2种以上 金属离子的金属溶液进行萃取分离提纯, 包括负载有机相中所含金属离子; 经过 多级萃取、 洗涤和反萃, 难萃金属离子进入萃余液, 易萃金属离子进入反萃液, 得到含不同金属离子的萃余液、 洗液和反萃液产品; 或将含金属离子负载有机相 直接用酸或碱溶液反萃, 得到提纯后的金属溶液或浆液, 其溶液经过浓缩结晶或 沉淀生产金属化合物产品, 或进一步萃取分离提纯生产单一金属化合物产品, 其 浆液经过滤得到化合物产品。
技术方案中金属离子为镧、 铈、 镨、 钕、 钐、 铕、 钆、 铽、 镝、 钬、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钇、 镍、 钴、 铁、 锰、 铬、 铝、 钒、 铜和锌和中的至少一种金属离子。 常用的金属元素为镧、 铈、 镨、 钕、 钐、 铕、 钆、 铽、 镝、 钬、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥 和钇中的至少一种金属离子。
技术方案中酸性萃取剂为酸性磷类萃取剂和羧酸类萃取剂中的一种或几种 混合萃取剂, 并用有机溶剂稀释, 萃取剂浓度为 0.5~2.0 mol/L。 所述酸性萃 取剂为含 P507、 P204、 P229、 C272、 C301、 C302、 脂肪酸、 环垸酸和异构酸中 的一种或几种混合萃取剂。
技术方案中碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液中氧化镁或 /和氧化钙含量为 5-100 g/L, 优化条件为 5~30 g/L。 Fe含量小于 5ppm, A1含量小于 5ppm。 优化 结果为 Fe含量小于 2ppm, A1含量小于 2ppm。
步骤(1 ) 中采用单级或者 2-20级共流或 /和逆流萃取方式进行萃取, 有机相 和水相(包括金属溶液、 碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液等水溶液) 的体积流比或 相比为有机相:水相 =0.2~10:1, 单级两相混合时间为 3~30分钟, 澄清时间 5~60 分钟, 萃取槽内温度为 20~50°C, 负载有机相中金属离子总含量为 0.05~0.3 mol/L, 平衡水相即含镁或 /和钙离子的萃余水相 pH值为 2.5~4.5。 有机相与水相 混合方式有两种: 一、 先将有机相与碳酸氢镁或 /和钙进行混合充分后加入金属离 子溶液再进行混合; 二、 直接将有机相、 碳酸氢镁或 /和钙、 金属溶液进行混合。
优化过程的步骤 (1 ) 中 l~1.5mol/L的酸性萃取剂与饱和二氧化碳的碳酸氢 镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液采用单级或者 2~10级共流或 /和逆流萃取方式进行萃取, 体积流比或相比为有机相:水相 =0.2~10:1, 单级两相混合反应 3~30分钟, 澄清时 间 5~30分钟, 得到的含 0.15~0.3mol/L镁或 /和钙离子的负载有机相和 pH值为 2.5~4.5废水溶液, 该水溶液返回用于碳化工序。 含镁或 /和钙离子的有机相再与 0.1~2.0mol/L金属溶液采用单级或者 2~10级共流和 /或逆流萃取方式进行萃取反 应, 体积流比或相比为有机相:水相 =0.2~10: 1, 单级 3~30分钟, 澄清时间 5~30 分钟, 金属离子被萃入有机相中, 经过澄清, 得到含金属离子的负载有机相和含 镁或 /和钙离子的萃余水相, 负载有机相中金属离子含量为 0.1~0.2 mol/L, 平衡 水相即萃余水相 pH值为 2.5~4.5; 所使用的 0.1~2.0mol/L的金属溶液是步骤(2) 萃取分离提纯得到的萃余液, 萃取槽内温度控制在 20~50°C。
步骤 (2) 中的负载有机相用于含 2种或 2种以上金属离子的金属溶液进行 萃取分离提纯中, 采用 10~150级分熘萃取方式进行, 反萃采用 3~20级逆流或 / 和回流方式进行, 有机相和水相的体积流量比为有机相:水相 =0.1~10:1, 单级两 相混合时间为 3~20分钟, 澄清时间 5~30分钟, 萃取槽内温度为 20~80°C
所述金属溶液为氯化物溶液、 硝酸盐溶液、 硫酸盐溶液或其混合溶液, 其金 属浓度为 0.1~2.0 mol/L;
步骤 (1 ) 酸性有机萃取剂与碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液反应产生的二氧化碳气 体经过捕收, 返回用于碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液的制备。
2、 技术方案中所述碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液的制备方法之一: 由含镁或 /和钙 矿物经过焙烧、 消化和碳化过程制备, 技术方案中钙镁矿为菱镁矿、 白云石或碳 酸镁等矿物的至少一种矿物。
上述含镁或 /和钙矿物的焙烧过程是将矿物在 700~1000°C焙烧 1~5小时, 所 述的消化过程是在焙烧后将得到的氧化镁或 /和钙加水在 50~95°C进行消化 0.5~5 小时, 按水和氧化镁或 /和钙重量计算液固比为 1~5:1, 再加水调浆, 按水和氧化 镁或 /和钙重量计算液固比为 10~200:1,所述的碳化过程是在消化过程之后通入二 氧化碳气体进行碳化, 反应温度控制在 0~50°C, 反应时间为 0.1~5小时, 经过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液。
3、 技术方案中的所述碳酸氢镁水溶液的制备方法之二: 将氧化镁加水在 50~95°C进行消化 0.5~5小时, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 1~5:1, 再加水调 浆, 或将氢氧化镁用水调浆, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 10~200:1, 然后通 入二氧化碳气体进行碳化, 反应温度控制在 0~50°C, 反应时间为 0.1~5小时, 经 过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液。
4、 技术方案中的碳酸氢镁水溶液的制备方法之三: 以镁盐为原料制备碳酸 氢镁溶液, 其具体步骤为:
1 ) 氢氧化镁的制备: 将镁盐溶液或者固体镁盐用水溶解配制成溶液, 加入 比氢氧化镁碱性强的液态或固态碱性化合物, 反应得到氢氧化镁浆料或过滤得到 氢氧化镁滤饼。
2)碳酸氢镁溶液制备: 步骤 1 )得到的氢氧化镁浆料或滤饼用水调浆并通入 二氧化碳进行碳化, 得到碳酸氢镁溶液。
步骤 1)的镁盐为氯化镁或硝酸镁中的至少一种, 其浓度以氧化镁计为 10~300g/L。
步骤 1)中镁盐溶液为萃取分离提纯过程得到的含氯化镁或硝酸镁的萃余水 相、 卤水和海水中的至少一种, 其浓度以氧化镁计为 10~200g/L。
步骤 1)碱性化合物为氢氧化钙、 氢氧化钠、 氢氧化钾、 氧化钙消化得到的氢 氧化钙和轻烧白云石消化得到的氢氧化钙与氢氧化镁的混合物中的至少一种。
步骤 1)中碱性化合物为氧化钙消化得到的氢氧化钙或轻烧白云石消化得到 的氢氧化钙与氢氧化镁的混合物。
步骤 1)中碱性化合物加入量为理论化学计量的 1~1.5倍, 反应温度为 15~95°C, 反应时间为 10~180min。
步骤 2)中氢氧化镁浆料或滤饼用水调浆过程中, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固 比为 10~200:1, 在通入二氧化碳气体进行连续碳化过程中, 反应温度控制在 0~35°C, 经过滤得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液。
5、 技术方案中的碳酸氢钙水溶液的制备方法: 由碳酸钙、 石灰石、 大理石 和白云石中至少一种直接喷水并通入二氧化碳进行碳化, 得到纯净的碳酸氢钙水 溶液。
本发明的优点是:
本发明是使用碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液作为酸平衡剂, 调节酸性有机萃 取剂萃取分离提纯金属过程中的平衡 pH值, 提高有机相对金属的萃取能力, 使 负载有机相中金属离子浓度提高, 即将 P507、 P204、 P229、 C272、 C301、 C302、 环垸酸或异构酸等酸性有机萃取剂与碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液以及金属溶 液分步或同时混合进行预萃取, 金属离子被定量萃入有机相中, 经过澄清, 得到 含金属离子的负载有机相用于多种金属溶液的萃取分离提纯, 并经过多级萃取分 离提纯, 得到单一金属化合物或几种金属的富集物。 所用碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙 水溶液由菱镁矿、 石灰石、 方解石、 白云石等钙、 镁矿物经过焙烧、 消化和碳化 过程制备, 或以镁盐为原料制备氢氧化镁后再经过加水调浆、 碳化得到碳酸氢镁 溶液, 或由碳酸钙、 石灰石、 大理石和白云石中至少一种直接喷水和二氧化碳进 行碳化, 得到纯净的碳酸氢钙水溶液, 硅、 铁、 铝等杂质含量低, 所用的钙 /镁原 料纯度要求不高, 材料成本低, 预萃取及萃取分离提纯过程不产生三相物, 不影 响产品纯度, 而且有机相不用氨皂化, 不产生氨氮废水, 从源头消除氨氮废水对 环境的污染, 并大幅度降低金属产品生产成本, 节省大量三废处理费用。
该发明主要优点如下: (1) 以普通的镁或 /和钙固体化合物为原料制备出高纯 度的碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液用于有机相的预萃取,预萃取及萃取分离提纯 过程不产生三相物, 不产生氨氮废水和高盐度废水; (2)使用碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸 氢钙精确控制金属萃取过程平衡 pH值, 金属萃取更完全, 稀土回收高, 流量易 精确控制; (3 )有机相预萃取过程产生的含镁离子萃余水相和 CO2以及金属碳酸 盐、 草酸盐焙烧、 锅炉产生的 CO2均可捕收用于碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙的制备, 资源得到有效循环利用,避免了氨氮、高盐度废水及 CO2气体对环境的污染; (3 ) 节省了大量化工材料成本和废水处理成本, 金属生产成本大幅度降低。
附图说明
图 1 : 实施例 1的萃取流程示意图
S1 : 循环有机相 P507
S2: 负载有机相
F: LaCePr氯化稀土料液 (金属溶液)
D: 碳酸氢镁水溶液
E: 预萃取萃余水相 MgC 溶液
A: 萃余液 (LaCe) (¾溶液
B: 反萃液 Pr Cl3溶液
W: 反洗酸 HCr溶液
S : 搅拌
图 2: 对比实施例的萃取流程示意图
S1 : 循环有机相 P507
S2: 负载有机相
F: LaCePr氯化稀土料液 (金属溶液)
D: 氧化镁浆料
E: 预萃取萃余水相 MgCl2溶液
A: 萃余液 (LaCe) (¾溶液
B: 反萃液 Pr Cl3溶液 W: 反洗酸 HCr溶液
图 3 : 实施例 5的萃取流程示意图
Yi: 循环有机相 1.5M P204
Y2: 负载有机相
D: 碳酸氢镁水溶液
F: LaCePrNd混合硫酸稀土料液
W: 反萃酸
B: 反萃液
E: 萃余水相
图 4: 实施例 10的萃取流程示意图
Y1 : 循环有机相
Υ2: 负载有机相
Υ3: 负载有机相
Α: 萃余液
Β: 反萃液
D: 碳酸氢镁水溶液
Ει : 废水溶液
E2: 萃余水相
F: LaCePrNd混合硫酸稀土料液
W: 反萃酸
具体实施方式
以下用实施例对本发明的方法及其应用作进一步说明。 本发明保护范围不受 这些实施例的限制, 本发明保护范围由权利要求书决定。
实施例 1
将菱镁矿在 900— 950°C焙烧 2小时得到的轻烧氧化镁(Si含量 3.2%、 Fe含 量 0.8%、 A1含量 0.4%), 加水在 80°C下消化 1小时, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液 固比为 2:1, 再加水调浆, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 60:1, 通入二氧化碳 气体 (70vt%), 在 15°C下反应 2小时, 过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液
(MgO:15.1g/L, Fe: 1.8ppm, Al:1.6ppm)。
将上述碳酸氢镁水溶液以 2.7 L /min的流 氯化镧铈萃余液 (1.33 mol/L) 以 0.5 L/min的流速, 1.3 mol/L P507有机相以 4 L/min的流速加入 3级预萃取槽中 进行共流萃取, 流比有机相: 水相为 4:3.2, 混合时间共 30分钟, 预萃取槽内温 度为 45°C, 澄清 15分钟, 得到含难萃稀土离子镧铈的负载有机相, 其稀土含量 (以 REO计, 下同)为 0.165 mol/L, 同时得到氯化镁萃余水相, 其 pH值为 3.5, REO含量小于 0.001 mol/L。 氯化镁萃余水相经过碱转化制备氢氧化镁, 然后经 过碳化制备碳酸氢镁返回预萃取过程, 预萃取过程中释放的二氧化碳收集后也返 回用于碳化制备碳酸氢镁水溶液。
将含镧铈 0.165 mol/L的负载有机相直接用于含 La、 Ce、 Pr的混合氯化稀土 溶液(REO: 1.48 mol/L, 其中 Pr含量 7.2% ) 的分熘萃取分离, 萃取流比为有机 相:水相 (体积比) =2.2:1, 单级混合时间为 4分钟, 澄清 15分钟, 萃取槽内温度为 30°C。 经过 25级萃取, 28级洗涤, 7级 5 mol/L盐酸逆流和水相回流反萃, 得到 氯化镨反萃液和氯化镧铈的萃余液。 氯化镨溶液中 Pr6O„/REO为 99.9%, Fe 4.8ppm, A1 3.7ppm, Mg 2.6ppm; 氯化镧铈萃余液浓度 (REO) 为 1.33 mol/L, Fe 2.5ppm, Al 2.3ppm, 其中一部分用于有机相预萃取, 一部分作为产品或作为 分离纯镧和纯铈的原料。
经过 10天运行, 预萃取、 分熘萃取过程均无三相物或沉淀物产生, 反萃后 有机相中铁含量小于 0.001 mol/L.
对比实施例(采用氧化镁浆料)
将菱镁矿在 900— 950°C焙烧 2小时得到的轻烧氧化镁 (Si含量 3.2%、 Fe含 量 0.8% A1含量 0.4%)加水调浆浆料中氧化镁含量为 4.5 wt%其中 Si 0.143¾ Fe 0.036%, Al 0.018%。
将上述氧化镁浆料以 l L /min的流速, 氯化镧铈萃余液 (1.32 mol/L) 以 0.5 L/min的流速以及 1.3 mol/L P507有机相以 4 L/min的流速加入 5级预萃取槽中 进行共流萃取, 流比 4:3.2, 萃取槽内温度为 45°C, 混合时间共 40分钟, 澄清 15 分钟, 得到含难萃稀土离子镧铈的负载有机相, 其稀土含量 REO为 0.163 mol/L, 同时得到氯化镁萃余水相, 其 pH值为 2.5, REO含量小于 0.006 mol/L。
将含镧铈的负载有机相 (REO为 0.163 mol/L) 用于含 La、 Ce、 Pr的混合氯 化稀土溶液(REO: 1.48 mol/L, 其中 Pr含量 7.2%) 的分熘萃取分离, 萃取流比 为有机相:水相 (体积比) =2.2:1, 混合时间为 4分钟, 澄清 15分钟, 槽内温度为 30°C。 经过 25级萃取, 28级洗涤, 7级 5 mol/L盐酸逆流和水相回流反萃, 得 到氯化镨反萃液和氯化镧铈的萃余液。氯化镨溶液中 Pr6O„/REO为 99.9% Fe 5.3 ppm, Al 52ppm, Mg 2.8ppm; 氯化镧铈萃余液浓度为 1.32 mol/L, Fe 3.8ppm, Al 2.7ppm, 其中一部分用于有机相预萃取, 一部分作为产品或作为分离纯镧和 纯铈的原料。
经过 10天运行, 预萃取段产生三相物 7.6kg, 产生沉淀物 20.5kg, 反萃后有 机相中铁含量达到 0.02 mol/L. 实施例 2
将白云石在 950— 1000°C焙烧 1小时得到的氧化镁和氧化钙混合物, 加水在 50°C下消化 5小时, 按水和氧化镁或 /和钙重量计算液固比为 5:1, 再加水调浆, 按照水和氧化镁和氧化钙重量计算液固比为 190:1, 然后通入二氧化碳气体 (30vt%), 在 25°C下反应 2小时, 经过澄清过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁和碳酸氢 钙水溶液 (MgO+CaO:5.0 g/L, Fe:1.2 ppm, Al:0.6 ppm)。
将 165 LJmin 的碳酸氢镁和碳酸氢钙水溶液、 60L/min的 1.5 mol/L P204和 P507混合有机相 (P204占 40%) 以及 15L/min的硝酸镧溶液 (0.72mol/L)加入 4 级预萃取槽进行共流预萃取, 流比为有机相:水相 =0.39:1, 萃取槽内 20°C, 单级 混合 3分钟, 澄清 13分钟, 得到含 0.178 mol/L镧离子的负载有机相, 同时得到 平衡 pH值为 4.5的萃余水相。
将负载有机相直接用于金属离子浓度为 l.Omol/L的硝酸镧铈的分熘萃取分 离提纯, 流比为有机相:水相 =4:1, 单级混合时间为 5分钟, 澄清 20分钟, 萃取 槽内温度为 30°C, 经过 48级分熘萃取, 再经过 10级 5mol/L硝酸逆流和水相回 流反萃, 得到 99.95%硝酸铈反萃液和 99.9%的硝酸镧萃余液产品。
实施例 3
将氧化镁加水在 95°C下消化 0.5小时, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 2:1, 再加水调浆, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 50:1, 再通入二氧化碳气体 (90vt%), 在 15°C下反应 3小时, 经过澄清过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液 (MgO:18.2 g/L, Fe:4.5 ppm, Al:3.2 ppm)。
将 34 L/min碳酸氢镁水溶液, 50L/min 1.0 mol/L P204有机相, 100 L/min含 镍硫酸钴溶液 (0.1 mol/L 含镍 1%)加入预萃取槽进行 4级共流萃取 流比 0.37:1, 萃取槽内温度 25°C, 单级混合时间 9分钟, 澄清 20分钟, 得到含 0.198 mol/L钴 离子的负载有机相, 同时得到 pH值为 3.8的硫酸镁萃余水相。
将含钴离子的负载有机相用 0.1 mol/L的盐酸溶液逆流洗涤 5级, 然后用 2 mol/L的盐酸逆流反萃 4级, 单级混合时间 4分钟, 澄清 13分钟, 得到氯化钴溶 液, 加入理论量的 1.25倍的草酸沉淀钴, 得到草酸钴, 再在 850-90CTC焙烧 2小 时, 得到氧化钴产品。
实施例 4
将白云石、 大理石及碳酸钙, 在 25°C温度下边喷水边通入二氧化碳(99vt%) 进行碳化, 经过澄清过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢钙水溶液(CaO:llg/L, Fe:0.5ppm, Al:0.6ppm)。
将碳酸氢钙水溶液以 16.2 L /min的流速 0.7 mol/L环垸酸有机相以 10 L/min 的流速, 1.35 mol/L氯化钇溶液以 1.5 L/min的流速加入预萃取槽中进行 10级共 流萃取, 流比 0.69: 1, 每级混合时间 10分钟, 萃取槽内温度 25°C, 澄清 20分 钟后得到含钇的负载有机相, 其稀土含量 REO 为 0.20mol/L, 同时得到平衡 pH 值为 5.8的氯化钙萃余水相。
将负载有机相直接用于 REO浓度为 1.45mol/L的钇和钬铒铥镱镥氯化稀土溶 液的萃取分离提纯, 按负载有机相 /含稀土水相流比为 1:1, 经过 70级分熘萃取, 槽内温度为 40°C, 单级混合时间为 5分钟, 澄清 20分钟, 再经过 20级 5mol/L 盐酸逆流和水相回流反萃得到 99.99%氯化钇的萃余液和氯化钬铒铥镱镥的反萃 液, 该富集物经过进一步的萃取分离提纯得到单一稀土。
实施例 5
将碳酸镁在 750— 850°C焙烧 5小时得到的轻烧氧化 ¾ 加水在 80°C下消化 2 小时, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 1: 1, 再用水调浆, 按水和氧化镁重量计 算液固比为 40: 1, 然后通入二氧化碳气体 (90vt%), 在 20°C下反应 30分钟, 经 过澄清过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液(MgO: 24g/L, Fe:2.1ppm, Al:1.2ppm)。 将 1.5 mol/L P204有机相以 10 L/min的流速加入第 1级混合澄清萃取槽中、碳酸 氢镁水溶液以 5 L /min流速加入第 3级混合澄清萃取槽中、 含 0.30 mol/L镧铈镨 钕的混合硫酸稀土溶液以 6.5 L/min的流速加入第 5级混合澄清萃取槽中, 经过 5 级逆流预萃取, 单级混合时间 4分钟、 澄清时间 15分钟, 萃取槽内温度 35°C, 再经过 1级澄清, 得到含镧铈镨钕的负载有机相, 其稀土含量 REO 为 0.193 mol/L, 含硫酸镁的平衡水相 pH值为 1。
将含镧铈镨钕的负载有机相用 5.5mol/L硝酸经过 8级逆流和水相回流反萃, 得到镧铈镨钕混合硝酸稀土溶液, 经过浓缩结晶得到 REO为 46wt%的硝酸镧铈 镨钕产品。
实施例 6
将碳酸氢镁水溶液 (MgO: 12g/L) 以 15.8 L/min速度和 0.98 mol/L环垸酸以 10 L/min速度加入第 1级共流萃取槽中, 将 0.21 mol/L混合硫酸稀土溶液 (包括 镧铈镨钕钐铕钆铽镝等) 以 14.4 L/min速度加入第 10级逆流萃取槽中, 经过 5 级共流和 10级逆流预萃取, 流比 (有机相: 水相) 为 0.33:1, 共流萃取单级混合 时间 10分钟, 逆流萃取单级混合时间 3分钟, 澄清 15分钟, 萃取槽内温度 50°C, 得到含稀土负载有机相, 其稀土含量 REO 为 0.30 mol/L, 同时得到平衡 pH值为 5.5的硫酸镁萃余水相。
将负载有机相用 0.1mol/L盐酸进行 3级逆流洗涤, 然后用 5.5 mol/L盐酸经 过 5级逆流和水相回流反萃, 得到 1.65 mol/L混合氯化稀土溶液, 经过浓缩结晶 得到 REO为
Figure imgf000020_0001
实施例 7
将碳酸氢钙水溶液 (CaO:100g/L, Fe:2.5ppm, Al:1.6ppm) 176 L, 0.8 mol/L 脂肪酸 1000 L, 1.6 mol/L氯化钐溶液 126 L加入萃取槽中进行单级萃取, 相比 3.3:1, 混合时间 30分钟, 槽内 25°C, 澄清 60分钟后得到含稀土负载有机相, 其 稀土含量 REO 为 0.20 mol/L, 同时得到平衡 pH值为 5.2的氯化钙萃余水相。
将负载有机相直接用 4.5 mol/L硝酸进行 6级逆流反萃, 得到 1.36mol/L硝 酸钐溶液, 经过浓缩结晶得到 REO为 45^%的硝酸钐产品。
实施例 8
将碳酸氢镁水溶液(MgO:15.6 g/L, Fe:1.5ppm, Al:0.6ppm)、 1.3 mol/L P507 和 C272的混合有机相(P507占 70vt%)以及氯化铥镱溶液 (1.26 mol/L)分别以 3.4 L/min, 5.6L/min和 0.68 L/min的流速加入到 4级预萃取槽中进行共流萃取, 流比 1.44:1, 单级混合 4分钟, 萃取槽内温度 30°C, 澄清 15分钟得到含铥镱(REO 为 0.152 mol/L) 的负载有机相, 同时得到萃余水相氯化镁 (MgO:12.8g/L), 平衡 pH 值为 2。
将含铥镱 (REO 为 0.152 mol/L) 负载有机相直接用于氯化铥镱镥溶液 (1.35 mol/L)的萃取分离提纯, 采用 56级分熘萃取, 流比 10:1 ; 采用 15级盐酸逆流和 水相回流反萃, 混合相比 (有机相: 水相) 2:1, 单级混合时间 5分钟, 澄清时 间 15分钟, 萃取槽内温度 45°C, 得到氯化铥镱萃余液和 99.99%的氯化镥反萃液 产品。
将得到的 10 M3 氯化镁溶液 (MgO:12.8g/L)加入 286公斤氢氧化钙 (CaO 75%), 在 25°C下搅拌反应 120分钟, 得到氢氧化镁浆料, 然后边搅拌边通入预 萃取过程释放的二氧化碳进行碳化, 反应 2小时过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶 液返回用于预萃取。
实施例 9
将饱和二氧化碳的碳酸氢钙水溶液 (CaO:25.5 g/L, Fe:1.5ppm, Al:0.8ppm) 禾卩 1.5 mol/L P507有机相分别以 7.5 L/min、 lOL/min的流速加入到 3级共流萃取 槽中进行预萃取, 流比 1.33:1, 得到含 0.33 mol/L钙离子的负载有机相和平衡 pH 值为 5的废水溶液; 再以 l.O L/min的流速加入 1.86mol/L氯化镨溶液与含钙离 子的负载有机相进行 4级逆流萃取, 流比 10:1, 单级混合时间 4分钟, 澄清时间 15分钟, 得到含镨离子 (REO 为 0.185 mol/L) 的负载有机相和含氯化钙的萃余 水相, 平衡 pH值为 4。
将含镨(REO 为 0.185 mol/L)负载有机相直接用于氯化镨钕溶液 (2.0 mol/L, 镨含量 20%)的萃取分离提纯采用 150级分熘萃取流比 9:L采用 12级 5.5mol/L 盐酸逆流和水相回流反萃, 混合相比 3:1, 单级混合时间 5分钟, 澄清时间 15 分钟, 萃取槽内温度 35°C, 得到氯化镨 99.9%萃余液和 99.95%的氯化钕反萃液 产品。
实施例 10
将碳酸氢镁水溶液(MgO:20.5 g/L, Fe:1.2ppm, Al:0.8ppm)和 1.5 mol/L P204 有机相分别以 6.2 L/min, 10L/min的流速加入到 2级共流萃取槽中进行萃取, 流 比 1.6:1,得到含 0.3 mol/L镁离子的负载有机相和平衡 pH值为 4.5的废水溶液 再以 1.16 L/min的流速加入 1.56 mol/L氯化铈溶液与含镁离子的负载有机相进行 4级逆流预萃取, 流比 8.6:1, 单级混合时间 4分钟, 澄清时间 15分钟, 得到含 铈离子 (REO 为 0.18 mol/L) 的负载有机相; 同时得到萃余水相氯化镁 (MgO:103g/L, 2.58mol/L), 平衡 pH值为 2.5。
将含铈(REO 为 0.18 mol/L)负载有机相直接用于氯化铈镨溶液 (1.67 mol/L, Pr6O„ 26%)的萃取分离提纯, 采用 60级分熘萃取 (萃取 32级, 洗涤 28级), 流 比 8:1; 采用 10级 5.5mol/L盐酸逆流和水相回流反萃, 混合相比 4:1; 单级混合 时间 5分钟, 澄清时间 15分钟, 萃取槽内温度 35°C, 得到氯化铈 99.5%萃余液 和 99.95%的氯化镨反萃液产品。
将得到的 2.5 M3 氯化镁溶液 (MgO:103g/L, 2.58mol/L)加入 750公斤轻烧白 云石消化得到的氢氧化钙 (67%) 与氢氧化镁 (33%) 的混合物, 在 55°C下搅拌 反应 60分钟, 过滤得到氢氧化镁滤饼用水调浆, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比 为 45:1, 边搅拌边通入二氧化碳 (90vt%) 进行碳化, 反应温度 20°C, 反应时间 为 1小时, 经过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液, 溶液中氧化镁含量为 20.5 g/L, 返回用于预萃取。
实施例 11
将氢氧化镁加入实施例 9中产生的 pH为 5的废水溶液稀释, 按水和氧化镁 重量计算液固比为 60:1, 然后通入二氧化碳气体 (90vt%), 在 0°C下反应 5小时, 经过澄清过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液 (MgO:15.2g/L, Fe :0.8ppm, Al :0.7ppm)。
将 0.5 mol/L P204萃取剂、 碳酸氢镁溶液(MgO:15.2g/L) 以及 0.25 mol/L硫 酸铝溶液加入预萃取槽中进行 3级共流萃取 混合时间共 30分钟,澄清 20分钟, 萃取槽内温度 45°C, 得到含铝离子的负载有机相, 其浓度为 0.06mol/L, 同时得 到萃余水相硫酸镁。
含铝离子的负载有机相直接用于金属离子浓度为 0.3 mol/L的含铁硫酸铝溶 液(Fe的摩尔比为 3.5% ) 的萃取分离提纯, 有机相与水相流比为 1 :3, 单级混合 时间为 5分钟, 澄清 12分钟, 槽内温度为 80Ό, 经过 6级萃取、 4级 0.5 mol/L 稀硫酸洗涤, 得到硫酸铝萃余液产品, 其中 Fe<20ppm。
实施例 12
将氯化镁配制成 5.0 mol/L溶液(氧化镁含量 200g/L), 加入 30%的氢氧化钠 溶液, 其中钠 /镁摩尔比为 1, 在 20°C下反应 25分钟, 得到氢氧化镁浆料, 过滤 得到氢氧化镁滤饼, 将滤饼用水调浆, 按照水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 30: 1, 通入二氧化碳气体进行连续碳化, 反应温度为 25°C, 经过滤得到碳酸氢镁溶液 ( MgO:30g/L, Fe:0.3ppm, Al:0.4ppm)。
将 1.0 mol/L P204萃取剂、 碳酸氢镁溶液 (MgO:30g/L) 以及 0.18 mol/L硫 酸铝溶液加入预萃取槽中进行 3级共流萃取 混合时间共 30分钟,澄清 20分钟, 萃取槽内 45°C, 得到含铝离子的负载有机相, 其浓度为 0.12mol/L, 同时得到萃 余水相硫酸镁。
含铝离子的负载有机相直接用于金属离子浓度为 0.2 mol/L的含铝硫酸钒溶 液 (A1: 10.5% ) 的萃取分离提纯, 有机相与水相流比为 1 : 1, 单级混合时间为 5 分钟, 澄清 15分钟, 萃取槽内温度为 40°C, 经过 6级萃取、 6级 0.5 mol/L稀硫 酸洗涤, 10级 2 mol/L NaOH反萃, 得到偏钒酸钠产品, 其中 Al<10ppm。
实施例 13
将氧化钙粉末加水在 80°C条件下消化 60分钟, 按水和氧化钙重量计算液固 比为 2.5: 1, 得到氢氧化钙浆料, 再加入卤水, 其中钙 /镁摩尔比为 1.2: 1, 在 25°C 下反应 60分钟, 得到氢氧化镁浆料, 过滤得到氢氧化镁滤饼, 将滤饼用水调浆, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 50: 1, 并通入二氧化碳进行连续碳化, 反应温度 为 20°C, 过滤得到碳酸氢镁溶液 (MgO:18.6g/L, Fe:1.7ppm, Al:0.3ppm)。
将 1.0 mol/L P204萃取剂、 碳酸氢镁溶液(MgO:18.6g/L) 以及 0.22 mol/L硫 酸铜溶液加入预萃取槽中进行 4级共流萃取 混合时间共 30分钟,澄清 30分钟, 萃取槽内 35°C, 得到含铜离子的负载有机相, 其浓度为 0.11mol/L, 同时得到萃 余水相硫酸镁。
含铜离子的负载有机相直接用于金属离子浓度为 0.3 mol/L的硫酸铜锌溶液 (Zn的摩尔比为 26.5%) 的萃取分离提纯, 有机相与水相流比为 2:1, 单级混合 时间为 5分钝澄清 15分钝萃取槽内温度为 30°C,经过 8级萃取、 7级 0.3 mol/L 稀硫酸洗涤, 6级 4 mol/L盐酸反萃, 得到 99.9%的硫酸铜萃余液和 99.5%的氯化 锌反萃液产品。
实施例 14
将氧化钙粉末加水在 80°C条件下消化 60分钟, 按水和氧化钙重量计算液固 比为 2.5: 1, 得到氢氧化钙浆料, 再加入海水, 其中钙 /镁摩尔比为 1.2:1, 在 25°C 下反应 60分钟, 得到氢氧化镁浆料, 过滤得到氢氧化镁滤饼, 将滤饼用水调浆, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 60:1, 并通入二氧化碳进行连续碳化, 反应温度 为 20°C, 过滤得到碳酸氢镁溶液 (MgO:18.6g/L, Fe:1.7ppm, Al:0.3ppm)。
将 1.0 mol/L P204萃取剂、 碳酸氢镁溶液(MgO:18.6g/L) 以及 0.25 mol/L硫 酸铜溶液加入预萃取槽中进行 4级共流萃取 混合时间共 30分钟,澄清 30分钟, 萃取槽内 35°C, 得到含铜离子的负载有机相, 其浓度为 0.11mol/L, 同时得到萃 余水相硫酸镁。
含铜离子的负载有机相直接用于金属离子浓度为 0.3 mol/L的硫酸铜锌溶液 (Zn的摩尔比为 26.5%) 的萃取分离提纯, 有机相与水相流比为 2:1, 单级混合 时间为 5分钝澄清 15分钝萃取槽内温度为 30°C,经过 8级萃取、 7级 0.3 mol/L 稀硫酸洗涤, 6级 4 mol/L盐酸反萃, 得到 99.9%的硫酸铜萃余液和 99.5%的氯化 锌反萃液产品。
实施例 15
将饱和二氧化碳的碳酸氢镁水溶液 (MgO:20.5 g/L, Fe:1.2ppm, Al:0.8ppm) 和 1.5 mol/L P204有机相分别以 6.2 L/min和 10L/min的流速加入到 2级共流萃取 槽中进行萃取, 流比 1.6:1, 得到含 0.3 mol/L镁离子的负载有机相和平衡 pH值 为 4.5的废水溶液; 再以 6 L/min的流速加入 0.31 mol/L硫酸镧铈溶液与含镁离 子的负载有机相进行 4级逆流预萃取, 流比 0.82:1, 单级混合时间 4分钟, 澄清 时间 15分钟, 得到含镧铈离子(REO 为 0.185 mol/L) 的负载有机相; 同时得到 萃余水相硫酸镁, 平衡 pH值为 2.0。
将负载有机相直接用 4.5 mol/L硝酸进行 6级逆流反萃, 得到 1.36mol/L硝 酸镧铈溶液, 经过浓缩结晶得到 REO为 45wt%的硝酸镧铈产品。

Claims

权利要求
1、碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 该碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液作为酸性有机萃取剂萃取分离提纯金属过程中的酸平 衡剂。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 其特征在于: 该萃取分离提纯过程至少包括下述步骤:
( 1 ) 将酸性有机萃取剂、 碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液以及含有待分离提 纯金属离子的金属溶液分步或同时加入萃取槽中采用单级或者多级共流或 /和逆 流方式进行预萃取, 水相平衡 pH值为 1~6, 金属离子被萃取到有机相中, 得到 含金属离子的负载有机相和含镁或 /和钙离子的萃余水相;
(2) 将步骤 (1 ) 得到的含金属离子的负载有机相用于含 2种或 2种以上金 属离子的金属溶液的萃取分离提纯, 包括负载有机相中所含金属离子, 经过多级 萃取、 洗涤和反萃, 难萃金属离子进入萃余液, 易萃金属离子进入反萃液, 得到 含不同金属离子的萃余液和反萃液产品; 或将含金属离子的负载有机相直接用酸 或碱溶液反萃, 得到提纯后的金属溶液或浆液, 该溶液经过浓缩结晶或沉淀生产 金属化合物产品, 或进一步萃取分离提纯生产单一金属化合物产品, 浆液经过滤 得到化合物产品。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 其特征在于:该萃取分离提纯过程至少包括下述步骤:
( 1 ) 将酸性有机萃取剂与碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液同时加入萃取槽中 进行单级或者多级共流或 /和逆流萃取, 镁或 /和钙离子与有机相中氢离子进行交 换, 水相平衡 pH值为 3~5, 澄清分相, 得到含镁或 /和钙离子的有机相和废水溶 液 含镁或 /和钙离子的有机相再与含有待分离提纯金属离子的金属溶液通过单级 或者多级共流或 /和逆流萃取方式进行预萃取, 金属离子被萃入有机相中, 经过澄 清分相, 得到含金属离子的负载有机相和含镁或 /和钙离子的萃余水相, 平衡 pH 值为 2.5~4.5;
(2) 将步骤 (1 ) 得到的含金属离子的负载有机相用于含 2种或 2种以上金 属离子的金属溶液进行萃取分离提纯, 包括负载有机相中所含金属离子, 经过多 级萃取、 洗涤和反萃, 难萃金属离子进入萃余液, 易萃金属离子进入反萃液, 得 到含不同金属离子的萃余液、 洗液和反萃液产品; 或将含金属离子负载有机相直 接用酸或碱溶液反萃, 得到提纯后的金属溶液或浆液, 其溶液经过浓缩结晶或沉 淀生产金属化合物产品, 或进一步萃取分离提纯生产单一金属化合物产品, 其浆 液经过滤得到化合物产品。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯 过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述金属离子为镧、 铈、 镨、 钕、 钐、 铕、 钆、 铽、 镝、 钬、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钇、 镍、 钴、 铁、 锰、 铬、 钒、 铝、 铜和锌中的至少 一种金属离子。
5、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯 过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述金属离子为镧、 铈、 镨、 钕、 钐、 铕、 钆、 铽、 镝、 钬、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥和钇中的至少一种金属离子。
6、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯 过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述酸性有机萃取剂为酸性磷类萃取剂和羧酸类萃 取剂中的一种或几种,并用有机溶剂稀释, 萃取剂浓度为 0.5~2.0 mol/L。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述酸性有机萃取剂为含 P507、 P204、 P229、 C272、 C301、 C302、 脂肪酸、 环垸酸和异构酸中的一种或几种。
8、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提 纯过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液中氧化镁或 / 和氧化钙含量为 5~100 g/L, Fe含量小于 5ppm, A1含量小于 5ppm。
9、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提 纯过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液中氧化镁或 / 和氧化钙含量为 5~30 g/L, Fe含量小于 2ppm, A1含量小于 2ppm。
ια根据权利要求 2所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 其步骤(1 )特征在于: 采用单级或者 2~20级共流和 /或逆流萃取方式 进行萃取, 有机相和水相的体积流比或相比为有机相:水相 =0.2~10:1, 单级两相 混合时间为 3~30分钟, 澄清时间 5~60分钟, 萃取槽内温度控制在 15~50°C, 负 载有机相中金属离子总含量为 0.05~0.3 mol/L, 平衡水相即含镁或 /和钙离子的萃 余水相 pH值为 2.5~4.5。
11、根据权利要求 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 步骤 (1 ) 特征在于: 将 l~1.5mol/L的酸性萃取剂与饱和二氧化碳的 碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液采用单级或者 2~10级共流和 /或逆流萃取方式进行 萃取反应, 体积流比或相比为有机相:水相 =0.2~10: 1, 单级两相混合时间 3~30 分钟, 澄清时间 5~30分钟, 得到含 0.15~0.35mol/L镁或 /和钙离子的有机相和 pH 值为 2.5~4.5废水溶液; 含镁或 /和钙离子的有机相再与 0.1~2.0mol/L金属溶液采 用单级或者 2~10级共流和 /或逆流萃取方式进行萃取反应, 体积流比或相比为有 机相:水相 =0.2~10: 1, 单级混合 3~30分钟, 澄清时间 5~30分钟, 得到含金属离 子的负载有机相和含镁或 /和钙离子的萃余水相, 负载有机相中金属离子含量为 0.1-0.2 mol/L, 平衡水相即萃余水相 pH值为 2.5~4.5; 所使用的 0.1~2.0mol/L的 金属溶液是步骤 (2) 萃取分离提纯得到的萃余液, 萃取槽内温度为 20~50°C。
12,根据权利要求 2或 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯 过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 步骤 (2) 中的负载有机相用于含 2种或 2种以上 金属离子的金属溶液进行萃取分离提纯中, 采用 10~150级分熘萃取方式进行, 反萃采用 3~20级逆流或 /和回流方式进行, 有机萃取剂和水相的体积流比为有机 相:水相 =0.1~10:1,单级两相混合时间为 3~20分钟, 澄清时间 5~30分钟, 萃取槽 内温度为 20~80°C。
13,根据权利要求 2或 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯 过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述金属溶液为氯化物溶液、 硝酸盐溶液、 硫酸盐 溶液、 或其混合溶液, 其金属浓度为 0.1~2.0 mol/L。
14, 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离 提纯过程中的应用, 其特征在于: 酸性有机萃取剂与碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液反应 产生的二氧化碳气体经过捕收, 返回用于碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液的制备。
15,根据权利要求 1所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液由含镁或 /和钙矿物经过焙 烧、 消化和碳化过程制备。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述碳酸氢镁水溶液由菱镁矿、 白云石或碳酸镁至少 一种矿物经过焙烧、 消化和碳化过程制备。
17、 根据权利要求 15所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述的焙烧过程是将矿物在 700~1000°C焙烧 1~5小 时, 所述的消化过程是在焙烧后将得到的氧化镁或 /和钙加水在 50~95°C进行消化 0.5~5小时, 按水和氧化镁或 /和钙重量计算液固比为 1~5:1, 再加水调浆, 按水 和氧化镁或 /和钙重量计算液固比为 10~200:1,所述的碳化过程是在消化过程之后 通入二氧化碳气体进行碳化, 反应温度控制在 0~50°C, 反应时间为 0.1~5小时, 经过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁或 /和碳酸氢钙水溶液。
18,根据权利要求 1所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述碳酸氢镁水溶液的制备方法为将氧化镁加水在 50~95°C进行消化 0.5~5小时, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 1~5: 1再加水调 浆, 或将氢氧化镁用水调浆, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 10~200: 1, 然后 通入二氧化碳气体进行碳化, 反应温度控制在 0~50°C, 反应时间为 0.1~5小时, 经过滤, 得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液。
19,根据权利要求 1所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 其特征在于: 所述碳酸氢镁水溶液的制备方法为: 以镁盐为原料制备 碳酸氢镁溶液, 其具体步骤为:
1 ) 氢氧化镁的制备: 将镁盐溶液或者固体镁盐用水溶解配制成溶液, 加入 比氢氧化镁碱性强的液态或固态碱性化合物, 反应得到氢氧化镁浆料或过滤得到 氢氧化镁滤饼;
2)碳酸氢镁溶液制备: 步骤 1 )得到的氢氧化镁浆料或滤饼用水调浆并通入 二氧化碳进行碳化, 得到碳酸氢镁溶液。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用, 其特征在于, 步骤 1)的镁盐为氯化镁或硝酸镁中的至少一种。
21、 根据权利要求 19所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用, 其特征在于, 所述镁盐溶液为含氯化镁或硝酸镁的水溶液、 卤水和 海水中的至少一种, 所述镁盐溶液浓度以氧化镁计为 10~300g/L。
22、 根据权利要求 19所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用, 其特征在于, 所述镁盐溶液浓度以氧化镁计为 10~200g/L。
23、 根据权利要求 19所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用, 其特征在于, 步骤 1 ) 所述碱性化合物为氢氧化钙、 氢氧化钠、 氢 氧化钾、 氧化钙消化得到的氢氧化钙和轻烧白云石消化得到的氢氧化钙与氢氧化 镁的混合物中的至少一种。
24、 根据权利要求 19所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用, 其特征在于, 步骤 1 ) 所述碱性化合物为氧化钙消化得到的氢氧化 钙或轻烧白云石消化得到的氢氧化钙与氢氧化镁的混合物。
25、 根据权利要求 19所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用,其特征在于,步骤 1 )所述碱性化合物加入量为理论化学计量的 1~1.5 倍, 反应温度为 15~95°C, 反应时间 10~180min。
26、 根据权利要求 19所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过 程中的应用, 其特征在于, 步骤 2)中所述的氢氧化镁浆料或滤饼用水调浆过程 中, 按水和氧化镁重量计算液固比为 10~200: 1, 在通入二氧化碳进行连续碳化 过程中, 反应温度控制在 0~35°C, 经过滤得到纯净的碳酸氢镁水溶液, 溶液中氧 化镁含量为 5~30g/L。
27、根据权利要求 1所述的碳酸氢镁或 /和钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程 中的应用, 其特征在于: 碳酸氢钙水溶液的制备方法为由碳酸钙、 石灰石、 大理 石和白云石中至少一种直接喷水并通入二氧化碳进行碳化, 得到纯净的碳酸氢钙 水溶液。
PCT/CN2010/070182 2009-01-15 2010-01-14 碳酸氢镁或/和碳酸氢钙水溶液在金属萃取分离提纯过程中的应用 WO2010081418A1 (zh)

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