WO2010073753A1 - 燃料電池用隔膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用隔膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010073753A1 WO2010073753A1 PCT/JP2009/061011 JP2009061011W WO2010073753A1 WO 2010073753 A1 WO2010073753 A1 WO 2010073753A1 JP 2009061011 W JP2009061011 W JP 2009061011W WO 2010073753 A1 WO2010073753 A1 WO 2010073753A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane, a method for producing the same, and a fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly. More specifically, the present invention relates to a membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a crosslinked anion exchange membrane, a method for producing the same, and a membrane-catalyst electrode assembly for a fuel cell.
- Ion exchange membranes are widely used as membranes for batteries such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells, redox flow cells, zinc-bromine cells, and dialysis membranes.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell uses an ion exchange membrane as an electrolyte. When a fuel and an oxidant are continuously supplied to the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, they react to generate chemical energy. A fuel cell takes out this generated chemical energy as electric power, and this fuel cell is one of clean and highly efficient power generation systems.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell generally has a polymer electrolyte membrane acting as an electrolyte inside. Diffusion electrodes carrying a catalyst are joined to both surfaces of the solid polymer diaphragm, respectively.
- the liquid fuel made of hydrogen gas or methanol or the like is in the chamber (fuel chamber) where one diffusion electrode is present, and the oxidant is in the chamber (oxidant chamber) where the other diffusion electrode is present. Oxygen-containing gases such as oxygen and air are supplied. In this state, when an external load circuit is connected to both diffusion electrodes, the fuel cell is activated.
- a direct liquid fuel type fuel cell in which a liquid fuel such as methanol is used as it is is easy to handle and inexpensive because the fuel is liquid. Therefore, the direct liquid fuel type fuel cell is expected as a power source of a relatively small output scale particularly for portable devices.
- Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- reference numerals 1a and 1b denote battery partition walls arranged to face each other.
- Reference numeral 2 denotes a groove-shaped fuel circulation hole formed on the inner surface of the partition wall 1a.
- Reference numeral 3 denotes a groove-like oxidant gas flow hole formed on the inner surface of the partition wall 1b.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 6 has a fuel chamber side diffusion electrode layer 4 formed on one surface thereof, and an oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode layer 5 formed on the other surface thereof.
- the fuel chamber 7 and the oxidant chamber 8 are electrically insulated by the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 6, but protons can pass through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 6.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 In order to solve the above problem, particularly the above problem (i), it has been studied to use an anion exchange membrane as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane instead of a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane, and several proposals have been made. (Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the proposed anion exchange membrane uses a porous film made of polyethylene or the like having excellent dimensional stability and heat resistance as a base material.
- the base material and a hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin made of polystyrene in which an anion exchange group such as a quaternary ammonium base is introduced into an aromatic ring are integrated.
- an ion exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure obtained by copolymerizing a bifunctional or higher polyfunctional crosslinkable monomer such as divinylbenzene is also disclosed.
- the ionic species moving in the anion exchange membrane are cation exchange of the fuel cell using the cation exchange membrane as a diaphragm. Different from ionic species moving through the membrane.
- liquid fuel such as hydrogen or methanol is supplied to the fuel chamber, and oxygen and water are supplied to the oxidant chamber side.
- the catalyst contained in the electrode comes into contact with the oxygen and water to generate hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ions).
- the hydroxide ions are transferred to the fuel chamber 7 through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 6 made of the anion exchange membrane, and react with the fuel at the fuel chamber side diffusion electrode 4 to generate water. Electrons generated by the reaction in the fuel chamber side diffusion electrode 4 move to the oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode 5 through an external load circuit. At this time, the energy of the reaction is used as electric energy in the external load.
- the reaction mechanism of the fuel cell using the above anion exchange membrane as a diaphragm the reaction field is not a strongly acidic atmosphere. Therefore, there is a possibility that an inexpensive metal catalyst other than the noble metal can be used.
- an inexpensive metal catalyst other than the noble metal can be used.
- the direct liquid fuel type fuel cell using an anion exchange membrane as a diaphragm not only the problem (i) but also the problems (ii) to (iii) can be greatly improved.
- the diaphragm to be used is one in which the base material and the hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin are integrated, and the hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin has a crosslinked structure. Movement of liquid fuel in the diaphragm is impeded.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using an anion exchange membrane as a polymer electrolyte membrane is useful and expected to be put to practical use.
- Each of the catalyst electrode layers is usually formed using a catalyst such as platinum, an electronic conductive material such as conductive carbon, and an anion exchange resin for imparting ionic conductivity.
- a catalyst such as platinum
- an electronic conductive material such as conductive carbon
- an anion exchange resin for imparting ionic conductivity.
- the respective materials and the dilution solvent are first kneaded to produce a paste.
- the paste is applied to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, dried, and then hot-pressed to join the catalyst electrode layer to the electrolyte membrane.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane When a non-crosslinked perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane as the cation exchange membrane is used as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is softened and melted by the hot pressing. As a result, the catalyst electrode layer is firmly fused to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. However, when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is a cross-linked anion exchange membrane, the fusion is not sufficiently performed, and the joint strength between the two is greatly reduced.
- the ion conductivity of these bonded surfaces is low.
- the internal resistance of the fuel cell increases.
- the joint portion is formed by the liquid fuel as the service period elapses. Due to swelling and the like, the bondability is further lowered. As a result, there is a problem that the catalyst electrode layer and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are separated within a relatively short period of time.
- Patent Document 4 a method for improving the bondability between a solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of a cross-linked ion exchange resin and a catalyst electrode layer.
- This method is a method in which a polymer having a charged group having a polarity opposite to the ion exchange group of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer are firmly bonded via a polymer having a charge group of opposite polarity.
- a cross-linked anion exchange membrane is used as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a polymer having a cation exchange group is used as a polymer having a reverse polarity charged group.
- Embodiments are also included. Specifically, in the description of the examples, a strongly acidic group (sulfonic acid group) having a polarity opposite to that of the anion exchange membrane is added to the cross-linked anion exchange membrane having a strong basic group (quaternary ammonium base).
- a system combining polymers having polystyrene (polystyrene sulfonic acid) is disclosed.
- a membrane-catalyst electrode assembly for a fuel cell produced by a method of attaching a polymer having a cation exchange group to the surface of the cross-linked anion exchange membrane developed by the present inventors is a solid polymer.
- the anion exchange group of the electrolyte membrane and the cation exchange group of the polymer attached to the surface form an ion pair.
- the cation exchange group of this polymer and the anion exchange resin (ion conductivity imparting agent) contained in the catalyst electrode layer form an ion pair as described above.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer are firmly joined via the polymer having a cation exchange group. Therefore, the problem of separation of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer during use of the fuel cell is greatly improved.
- the above prior art method is extremely effective as a method for improving the bondability between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer.
- a fuel cell manufactured using the above-described fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly cannot completely prevent peeling between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer when the service period is long.
- this separation is more likely to occur.
- the battery output gradually decreases with time.
- the general description of the anion exchange group possessed by the crosslinked anion exchange membrane includes not only those belonging to strong basic groups such as the quaternary ammonium base, but also primary to tertiary amino acids. Many examples of weakly basic groups such as a group, a pyridyl group, and an imidazole group are exemplified. Furthermore, as a general description of the cation exchange group possessed by the polymer attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, not only the sulfonic acid group but also other acidic groups are listed.
- the present invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of a cross-linked anion exchange resin for use in a fuel cell, which has high bondability with a catalyst electrode layer and can be used in a severe use environment at high temperatures.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell that can greatly reduce the peeling of the catalyst electrode layer even when the battery is used for a long time.
- the anion exchange group of the cross-linked anion exchange membrane used as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is a strongly basic group, and the polymer attached to the electrolyte membrane surface in combination with this strongly basic group has
- the cation exchange group is a weakly acidic group, it has been found that the bondability between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer bonded via the polymer is dramatically improved, and the present invention is completed. It came.
- a fuel cell membrane comprising:
- a porous membrane, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of a crosslinked anion exchange resin having a strongly basic anion exchange group filled in a void of the porous membrane; and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane A fuel cell membrane comprising a polymer having a weakly acidic group attached to at least one surface.
- a monomer in which a crosslinkable anion exchange resin having a strongly basic anion exchange group contains 0.5 to 40 mol% of a bifunctional or higher crosslinkable monomer in the total polymerizable monomer
- a fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly comprising:
- a polymer solution having a weakly acidic group is brought into contact with at least one surface of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane composed of a cross-linked anion exchange resin having a strongly basic anion exchange group, and then dried.
- a method for producing a membrane for a fuel cell comprising attaching a polymer having the weakly acidic group to a surface of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a method for producing a membrane for a fuel cell comprising bringing a polymer having a weakly acidic group into contact with a surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane by bringing the polymer solution having a group into contact and then drying the solution.
- a method for producing a membrane for a fuel cell, to which a polymer having the polymer adheres [15] Weakly acidic on at least one surface of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a porous membrane and a crosslinked anion exchange resin having a strongly basic anion exchange group filled in the voids of the porous membrane After contacting the polymer solution having a group, the obtained polymer electrolyte membrane having the weakly acidic group attached thereto is washed with a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer having the weakly acidic group.
- a method for producing a membrane for a fuel cell comprising a polymer having a weakly acidic group attached to the surface of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention is a membrane using a cross-linked anion exchange resin, and is excellent in dimensional stability, heat resistance, and methanol impermeability.
- the catalyst electrode layer of the fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly of the present invention is firmly joined to the membrane. Therefore, the internal resistance of the fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly is low, and when this membrane is used in a fuel cell, the output voltage of the fuel cell is high.
- a polymer having a weakly acidic group is attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the anion exchange resin that forms the solid polymer electrolyte membrane has strong anion exchange groups, so it forms ion pairs strongly and at a higher rate with the weakly acidic groups of the polymer.
- the polymer is fixed to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane with high adhesive force. This adhesive force is greater than when the ion exchange group of the polymer is a strongly acidic group and the ion exchange group of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is a strongly basic group.
- an anion exchange resin having a high degree of crosslinking is used as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and a polymer having a weak acidic group and a large molecular weight (having a weight average molecular weight of 8,000 to 1,000,000) is used as the polymer,
- the polymer hardly penetrates into the ion exchange resin. Therefore, a large amount of a polymer having a weakly acidic group on the surface of the electrolyte membrane is attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a strong fixed state in which an ion pair is formed with the strongly basic group of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. be able to.
- the membrane-catalyst electrode assembly for a fuel cell produced using the present solid polymer electrolyte membrane has extremely high bonding strength between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer.
- this fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly is incorporated into a fuel cell to generate power, the joining properties of both are greatly improved.
- the catalyst electrode layer It is difficult to peel off and the battery output is stably maintained.
- the anion exchange groups of the anion exchange resin constituting the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the weakly acidic groups of the polymer having weakly acidic groups form ion pairs at a high rate.
- the polymer having a weak acidic group is firmly fixed to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Therefore, at the time of power generation of the fuel cell incorporating the fuel cell membrane, the liquid fuel and the polymer are in contact with each other on the fuel chamber side, or the liquid fuel and the polymer crossing over on the oxidant chamber side. However, it is difficult for the polymer to dissolve and diffuse in the liquid fuel in contact.
- the polymer dissolved in the liquid fuel moves to the catalyst electrode layer, where the catalyst is poisoned and further deactivated.
- the cell can maintain a high output voltage for a long period.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention maintains the excellent characteristics of the bridge type fuel cell membrane, while reducing the internal resistance of the fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly, which is a drawback of the conventional membrane. Can be lowered. Accordingly, the fuel cell membrane of the present invention is extremely useful for the practical application of solid polymer fuel cells.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the basic structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention comprises a solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a cross-linked anion exchange resin having a strongly basic anion exchange group, and a weakly acidic membrane attached to at least one surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a polymer having a group hereinafter, this polymer is also referred to as “weakly acidic group-containing polymer”.
- the ionic bond strength between the basic group and the acidic group is higher when one of them is a strong basic group and the other is a weak acidic group than when both of them are a strong acidic group and a strong basic group. strong.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention has a structure in which the polymer having the acidic group is extremely firmly bonded to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the catalyst electrode layer is bonded to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, both are bonded extremely firmly by the action described below.
- the catalyst electrode layer contains an ion exchange resin having a basic group for the purpose of imparting ion conductivity as described above. Therefore, among the weakly acidic groups of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer adhering to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, the weakly acidic groups existing in the vicinity of the contact interface with the catalyst electrode layer have the catalyst electrode layer. Forms ionic bonds with basic groups. As a result, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer are firmly bonded to each other by ionic bonds via the weakly acidic group-containing polymer. That is, an extremely strong bonding force due to ionic bonds is generated between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer in addition to a bonding force based on a normal affinity, and both are bonded extremely firmly.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, the weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached thereto, and the ion exchange resin contained in the catalyst electrode layer are ion exchanges of both anion exchange groups and cation exchange groups.
- the polarity of these ion exchange groups refers to the polarity of the ion exchange groups that occupy the majority (50 mol% or more) of both ion exchange groups.
- a weakly acidic cation exchange group among cation exchange groups known as cation exchange groups of cation exchange resins can be used without limitation.
- weak acid means that the acid dissociation constant is small.
- the acid dissociation constant pKa of the weakly acidic cation exchange group possessed by the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is preferably 2.5 to 10, and more preferably 3 to 7.
- pKa exceeds 10
- the weakly acidic group possessed by the weakly acidic group-containing polymer include a phosphate group, a carboxyl group, and a hydroxyl group. Considering the fact that it is a weakly acidic group and pKa has proton dissociation properties in the above range, a carboxyl group is particularly preferred as the weakly acidic group possessed by the weakly acidic group-containing polymer.
- the weakly acidic group may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a weakly acidic group may be combined with a basic group.
- the weakly acidic group needs to occupy a majority (molar basis) of the ion exchange groups of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer.
- weakly acidic group-containing polymers that can be used in the present invention include polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyisobutylene maleic acid, polybutadiene maleic acid, a polymer obtained by reacting polybutadiene maleic acid and a polyvinyl compound, and These derivatives are exemplified. Polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid are particularly preferred.
- the weight average molecular weight of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is preferably 8,000 to 1,000,000.
- the weakly acidic group-containing polymer having the weight average molecular weight further strengthens the bondability between the solid electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer for the following reasons.
- the anion exchange resin used as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is a crosslinked type.
- a method of attaching the weakly acidic group-containing polymer to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane there is a method of immersing the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution.
- the weight average molecular weight of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is within the above range, the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is difficult to penetrate into the interior of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane that is crosslinked and has a dense structure.
- the weakly acidic group-containing polymer adheres to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane at a high density, and the polymer and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are between the ion exchange groups having opposite polarities. An ion pair is formed, and both are firmly bonded.
- the weight average molecular weight of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is 20,000 or more. More preferably, 30,000 or more is particularly preferable, and 100,000 or more is most preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer exceeds 1,000,000, the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is dissolved in a solvent in the step of attaching the weakly acidic group-containing polymer to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. It becomes difficult.
- the weight average molecular weight of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is preferably 300,000 or less, and more preferably 250,000 or less.
- the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer adhering to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane becomes 0.0001 to 0.5 mg / cm 2 .
- This adhesion amount is an appropriate adhesion amount because the bondability between the solid electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer becomes strong.
- the amount of adhesion can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution used in the adhesion process, the contact time, and the like.
- the adhesion amount of the weak acid group-containing polymer adhering to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is 0.001 to 0.5 mg / cm 2
- the adhesion amount of the weak acid group-containing polymer is obtained by the following method. It is done.
- a measurement sample is prepared by stacking the electrolyte membrane on which the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is adhered on the upper and lower surfaces of the germanium optical crystal.
- the incident angle that enters the electrolyte membrane through the germanium optical crystal is set to 45 °.
- the multiple reflection infrared spectrum of the sample is measured according to the total reflection absorption spectrum method. From the obtained spectrum, the characteristic absorption intensity based on the weakly acidic group of the polymer is determined.
- a calibration curve showing the relationship between the amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer and the absorption intensity of the spectrum is prepared from the obtained data.
- the adhesion amount (per unit area (cm 2 )) of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer corresponding to the measured absorption intensity of the sample is calculated (hereinafter, this measurement method is referred to as “ATR method”). ").
- a germanium optical crystal having a size of 20 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 3 mm (thickness) is usually used, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane used for measurement is an electrolyte membrane having an area of 10 mm ⁇ 45 mm.
- the characteristic absorption based on the weakly acidic group of the polymer is, for example, a characteristic around 1650 to 1760 cm ⁇ 1 based on a carbonyl group if the polymer has a carboxyl group such as polyacrylic acid. Absorption is shown.
- infrared rays used for measurement do not penetrate deeply from the vicinity of the surface layer of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane toward the inside. Therefore, the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer present near the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane can be accurately measured. That is, the substantial amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer that adheres to the electrolyte membrane surface can be determined.
- the weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane does not necessarily adhere uniformly.
- the fine variation in the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer due to the adhesion site is when the germanium optical crystal having the above-mentioned area is used and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane having the above-mentioned size is used as the measurement sample. Has little effect on the measurement results.
- the counter ion of the anion exchange membrane used as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is generally converted to a hydroxide ion in advance by an ion exchange treatment.
- the counter ion species of the anion exchange group is a hydroxide ion
- the anion exchange membrane absorbs carbon dioxide in the air.
- the hydroxide ion of the counter ion species is quickly replaced with carbonate ion, and then changed to bicarbonate ion.
- a hydroxide ion type anion exchange membrane with counter ions is left in the atmosphere, and the hydroxide ions are ion-exchanged into carbonate ions and then bicarbonate ions in a short time.
- the measurement of the amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer deposited by the ATR method may be inaccurate.
- the characteristic absorption wavelength may overlap with the absorption wavelength of the carbonate ions, and in this case, correct measurement becomes difficult.
- the anion exchange membrane when measuring the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer by the ATR method, absorption based on carbonate ions present in the anion exchange membrane is excluded. Specifically, after exchanging the counter ion of the anion exchange membrane with a hydroxide ion, the anion exchange membrane is immediately stored in a glove box or the like, and the above measurement is performed in a gas not containing carbon dioxide such as nitrogen gas. do.
- hydroxide ions are generated due to the catalytic reaction in the catalyst electrode layer. Therefore, carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions generated by absorbing carbon dioxide are replaced (ion exchange) with hydroxide ions generated by the catalytic reaction. The produced carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions are released out of the system as carbon dioxide gas. For this reason, even if part or all of the counter ion species (hydroxide ions) of the anion exchange membrane of the fuel cell membrane is replaced with carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions, the membrane can be used as a fuel cell without any problem. Can be used.
- the diaphragm for a fuel cell of the present invention is immersed in an equal mass mixed solution of 0.5 mol / l hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and methanol for a long time.
- the weakly acidic group-containing polymer that may adhere to the surface of the membrane and may have penetrated into the membrane is completely eluted into the mixed solution.
- the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer in the eluted mixed solution is quantified using liquid chromatography or the like to determine the amount of the polymer adhered (hereinafter, this measurement method is referred to as “solvent immersion”).
- solvent immersion this measurement method is referred to as “solvent immersion”.
- the amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer determined by the ATR method is the amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer obtained by the above solvent immersion method is not only the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, but also includes the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer that has entered the membrane. It is the total amount. However, it has been confirmed that the total amount of adhesion required by this method is usually about the same as the amount of adhesion required by the ATR method.
- the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer when the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is less than 0.001 mg / cm 2 , the measurement accuracy of the adhesion amount of the polymer is lowered. Accordingly, the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, below the 0.001 mg / cm 2, when the range of up to 0.0001 mg / cm 2, the solvent The adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer can be accurately determined by the following method (applied method) applying the dipping method.
- the solvent immersion method is performed on the fuel cell membrane of the present invention to determine the amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer deposited by this method.
- the weakly acidic group-containing polymer hardly penetrates into the inside of the membrane, and many of them adhere to the membrane surface. Therefore, the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer determined by the solvent immersion method is very close to the adhesion amount on the film surface, but accurately includes the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer that has entered the diaphragm.
- the following method is used to determine the substantial amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer that penetrates into the diaphragm, and the actual amount of penetration is subtracted from the amount of adhesion obtained by the immersion method. Determine the amount of adhesion to the surface of the diaphragm.
- the surface of the fuel cell membrane prepared by the same method as the membrane used in the solvent immersion method is sandblasted, and the surface layer portion having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m is scraped off.
- the said solvent immersion method is implemented about the diaphragm for fuel cells which cut off the surface layer part, and the adhesion amount of a weak acidic group containing polymer is calculated
- the depth at which infrared rays used for measurement pass through the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is generally estimated to be about 0.4 ⁇ m. Therefore, if the surface layer portion of the fuel cell membrane is cut by 1 ⁇ m, the portion of the infiltration amount measured as the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the surface can be removed by this method.
- the fuel cell diaphragm of the present invention by subtracting the amount of the polymer after scraping the surface layer portion from the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer before scraping the surface layer portion, the fuel cell diaphragm of the present invention.
- the exact amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the surface can be determined.
- a diaphragm of 8 cm ⁇ 8 cm is usually used.
- the variation hardly affects the measurement results if the diaphragm having the above-mentioned area is used.
- Adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer adhering to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is less than 0.0001 mg / cm 2 , the amount of the polymer that can participate in ionic bonding is insufficient. As a result, the bondability between the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst electrode layer is not as good as the bondability in the range of the amount of adhesion.
- Adhesion amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer is preferably 0.0005 ⁇ 0.1mg / cm 2, more preferably 0.0005 ⁇ 0.003mg / cm 2.
- the weakly acidic group-containing polymer thin film layer may be formed so as to cover the entire surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Further, a weakly acidic group-containing polymer thin film layer may be partially formed on one surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the adhesion area is preferably 1/2 or more per side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the amount of the weak acid group-containing polymer attached is defined based on the adhesion area of the weak acid group-containing polymer attached.
- the ion exchange resin in which the anion exchange group of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is a strongly basic group is a crosslinked type.
- the resulting fuel cell diaphragm has excellent physical properties such as dimensional stability, heat resistance, mechanical strength, and methanol impermeability. Further, it is possible to suppress the weak acidic group-containing polymer from entering the electrolyte membrane and reducing the amount of adhesion on the surface thereof.
- any known cross-linked ion exchange resin having a strongly basic group as an anion exchange group can be used, and there is no particular limitation.
- strongly basic means that the base dissociation constant is large, and preferably means that the base dissociation constant pKb measured at 25 ° C. is 4 or less.
- strongly basic groups include quaternary ammonium bases, quaternary pyridinium bases, and quaternary imidazolium bases.
- a strong basic group a quaternary ammonium base or a quaternary pyridinium base is particularly preferable because of the high conductivity of hydroxide ions in the anion exchange resin.
- These ion exchange groups may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Furthermore, you may combine an acidic group. In this case, the strong basic group needs to occupy the majority (molar basis) of the ion exchange groups of the ion exchange resin. In addition, if it is a slight amount that does not greatly affect the effect, a weakly basic group can be used in combination.
- the anion exchange resin constituting the solid polymer electrolyte membrane contains a combination of the above anion exchange group and a cation exchange group. What was made is preferable. By combining both ion exchange groups, crossover of liquid fuel such as methanol or water can be suppressed. In this case, an anion exchange resin in which a quaternary ammonium base and a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group are combined is particularly preferable.
- the anion exchange group and cation exchange group are preferably in a molar ratio of 1: 0.95 to 1: 0.1.
- the structure of the part other than the anion exchange group of the anion exchange resin (hereinafter also referred to as a resin skeleton part) is not particularly limited except that it has a crosslinked structure.
- a fluorine resin in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom may be used. Since many highly fluorinated fluororesins are non-crosslinked types, so-called hydrocarbon resins in which hydrogen atoms are not substituted with fluorine atoms are usually used for the resin skeleton.
- the resin skeleton examples include polystyrene, polyacrylic, polyamide, polyether, and polyethersulfone. Since these resins mainly employ a carbon-carbon bond in the main chain structure, the chemical stability of the main chain is excellent. Among these resins, those in which the resin skeleton portion is polystyrene-based are particularly preferable in that various anion exchange groups can be easily introduced and the raw materials are inexpensive.
- This diaphragm includes a case where a weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution is applied to the surface of the electrolyte membrane. Therefore, in this case, the crosslinking density of the resin skeleton portion needs to be sufficient to substantially prevent the weakly acidic group-containing polymer from entering the electrolyte membrane. By setting such a crosslinking density, when a weakly acidic group-containing polymer is applied to the surface of the electrolyte membrane, a significant amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is attached to and retained on the electrolyte membrane surface.
- An electrolyte membrane is formed by copolymerizing a polymerizable monomer having a strong basic group or a polymerizable monomer capable of introducing a strong basic group and a crosslinkable monomer having a bifunctional or higher functional group.
- the amount of the crosslinkable monomer is preferably 0.5 to 40% by mass, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass of the total polymerizable monomer.
- cross-linked anion exchange resins may be used in combination of a plurality of different basic groups, resin skeleton portions, cross-linked structures and the like. Furthermore, a crosslinked anion exchange resin having a weak basic group or a non-crosslinked anion exchange resin may be blended within a range that does not impair the various physical properties of the present invention.
- a method for forming a solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of the above-mentioned cross-linked anion exchange resin there is a method of casting a cross-linked anion exchange resin having a strongly basic anion exchange group.
- a more preferable method is a method using a base material (also referred to as a reinforcing material) described below. By using the base material, the mechanical strength and dimensional stability of the obtained solid polymer electrolyte membrane can be further improved and flexibility can be imparted.
- any known base material for the ion exchange membrane may be used.
- a porous film, non-woven paper, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, paper, inorganic film and the like can be used without limitation as a substrate.
- the material of the substrate include a thermoplastic resin composition, a thermosetting resin composition, an inorganic material, or a mixture thereof.
- these base materials those manufactured using a thermoplastic resin composition as a raw material are preferable from the viewpoint of easy production and high adhesion strength to hydrocarbon ion exchange resins.
- thermoplastic resin composition examples include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 5-methyl-1-heptene and the like.
- -Polyolefin resins such as olefin homopolymers or copolymers
- vinyl chloride resins such as polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymers, vinyl chloride-olefin copolymers
- Fluorine systems such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer Resin; Poly, such as nylon 6 and
- polyolefin resins are preferable because they are excellent in mechanical strength, chemical stability, and chemical resistance, and are particularly well-suited to hydrocarbon ion exchange resins.
- polyethylene or polypropylene resin is particularly preferable, and polyethylene resin is most preferable.
- a porous film made of polyolefin resin is preferable, and a porous film made of polyethylene resin is particularly preferable in that the surface is smooth, the adhesiveness with the catalyst electrode layer is good, and the strength is high.
- the average pore diameter of the porous film used as the base material of the ion exchange membrane is preferably 0.005 to 5.0 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.01 to 2.0 ⁇ m, most preferably 0.015 to 0.4 ⁇ m. preferable.
- the porosity (also referred to as porosity) is preferably 20 to 95%, more preferably 30 to 90%, and most preferably 30 to 65%.
- the air permeability (JIS P-8117) is preferably 1500 seconds or less, and more preferably 1000 seconds or less.
- the thickness is preferably 5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 40 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 8 to 20 ⁇ m. By using a porous film of this thickness, a thin polymer electrolyte membrane having a sufficient strength can be obtained.
- the porous film can also be obtained by the methods described in, for example, JP-A-9-216964, JP-A-9-235399, and JP-A-2002-338721.
- commercially available products for example, Asahi Kasei Chemicals “Hypore”, Ube Industries “Yupor”, Tonen Tapils “Setera”, Nitto Denko “Exepor”, etc. are also available.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane used in the present invention may contain other components such as a plasticizer and an inorganic filler as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the above-mentioned solid polymer electrolyte membrane used in the present invention may be produced by any method, but in general, it is preferably produced by the following method.
- the above-described monomer composition comprising a polymerizable monomer having a strong basic group or capable of introducing a strong basic group and a bifunctional or higher functional crosslinkable monomer is described above.
- the above-mentioned monomer composition is polymerized and then a strongly basic group is introduced as necessary.
- the monofunctional polymerizable monomer having a strong basic group or capable of introducing a strong basic group to be blended in the monomer composition include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, Monofunctional aromatic vinyl compounds such as vinyltoluene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, ⁇ -halogenated styrene, chloromethylstyrene, vinylnaphthalene, and nitrogen-containing compounds such as vinylpyridine. Can be mentioned.
- a monofunctional polymerizable group having a halogenoalkyl group such as ⁇ -halogenated styrene or chloromethylstyrene, in that it is easy to introduce a quaternary ammonium base that can be most advantageously used as the strongly basic group in the present invention.
- Monomers are preferred.
- chloromethylstyrene is most preferable in that the ion exchange group density of the obtained anion exchange membrane can be further increased.
- a bifunctional or trifunctional monomer is generally used.
- polyfunctional aromatic vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylbiphenyl, and trivinylbenzene
- polyfunctional (meth) acrylic acid such as trimethylolmethanetrimethacrylate, methylenebisacrylamide, and hexamethylenedimethacrylamide Derivatives
- other polyfunctional polymerizable monomers such as butadiene, chloroprene, and divinyl sulfone.
- polyfunctional aromatic vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylbiphenyl, and trivinylbenzene are preferable.
- the monomer composition preferably contains a polymerization initiator in order to polymerize the polymerizable monomer.
- a polymerization initiator any polymerization initiator that can polymerize the polymerizable monomer can be used without particular limitation.
- the blending amount of the polymerization initiator may be a blending amount in a known range that is usually used in the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer. Generally, the blending amount is 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total polymerizable monomer.
- This solvent may contain a solvent as necessary.
- the monomer composition has a strong basic group or a polymerizable monomer capable of introducing a strong basic group or a bifunctional or higher functional crosslinkable monomer, if necessary.
- Other monomers copolymerizable with these monomers and known additives such as plasticizers and organic or inorganic fillers may be contained.
- the other copolymerizable monomer include acrylonitrile, acrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and the like.
- the blending ratio is 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 80 parts by mass or less, more preferably 100 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer having a strong basic group or capable of introducing a strong basic group. Is preferably 30 parts by mass or less.
- plasticizers examples include dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, dibutyl adipate, triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate and the like.
- the blending ratio is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer having a strong basic group or capable of introducing a strong basic group.
- the methanol impermeability of the obtained solid polymer electrolyte membrane is improved.
- the average value of the major axis of primary particles is not less than 0.1 times the average pore diameter of the substrate and not more than 50 ⁇ m. This layered silicate is described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-377454.
- the obtained solid polymer electrolyte membrane Denseness may be reduced.
- the reason why the compactness is lowered is presumed to be that a part of the halogenoalkyl group is decomposed during the polymerization and a chlorine gas or a hydrogen chloride gas is by-produced.
- a method of incorporating a compound having an epoxy group into the polymerizable composition is employed.
- Examples of the compound having an epoxy group include epoxidized vegetable oils such as epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil, derivatives thereof, terpene oxide, styrene oxide and derivatives thereof, epoxidized ⁇ -olefin, and epoxidized polymer.
- the blending ratio is preferably 1 to 12 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer having a strong basic group or capable of introducing a strong basic group. .
- the monomer composition is brought into contact with the substrate.
- a contact method the method of apply
- the method of immersing is particularly preferable in terms of easy production.
- the immersion time varies depending on the type of the substrate and the composition of the monomer composition, it is generally from 0.1 second to several tens of minutes.
- a known polymerization method can be employed without limitation. In general, a method of heating and polymerizing a monomer composition containing a polymerization initiator composed of the peroxide is employed. This method is preferable because the operation is easy and the monomer composition can be polymerized relatively uniformly. In the polymerization, it is preferable to polymerize the monomer composition in a state where the substrate surface is covered with a film such as polyester. By covering the surface of the substrate with a film, inhibition of polymerization by oxygen can be prevented, and the surface of the obtained electrolyte membrane can be smoothed. Furthermore, by covering the substrate surface with a film, the excess monomer composition is eliminated, and a thin and uniform solid polymer electrolyte membrane is obtained.
- the polymerization temperature is not particularly limited, and known conditions may be appropriately selected. Generally, it is 50 to 150 ° C, preferably 60 to 120 ° C.
- the solvent may be removed prior to polymerization.
- a film-like material is obtained by polymerization according to the above method.
- the membrane can be used as it is as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane without further treatment. it can.
- a polymerizable monomer capable of introducing a strong basic group is used as the polymerizable monomer, a strong basic group is introduced into the film after obtaining the film.
- the method for introducing a strong basic group is not particularly limited, and a known method is appropriately employed.
- a polymerizable monomer having a halogenoalkyl group is used as the polymerizable monomer
- the halogenoalkyl group contained in the resin is derived into a quaternary ammonium group.
- the method of quaternization may follow a regular method. Specifically, a method of impregnating a film-like product obtained after polymerization with a solution containing a tertiary amine such as trimethylamine, triethylamine or dimethylaminoethanol at 5 to 50 ° C. for 10 hours or more can be mentioned.
- a method of bringing the film-like product obtained after polymerization into contact with methyl iodide or the like can be mentioned. Even when a polymerizable monomer having a strong basic group is used as the polymerizable monomer, it is further necessary if it can introduce a strong basic group after obtaining a film-like product. Depending on the case, a strongly basic group may be introduced. In this case, the density of the anion exchange group is further increased.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane obtained by the above method usually has a quaternary ammonium base having a halogeno ion as a counter ion. Since the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is used as a hydroxide ion-conducting fuel cell membrane, in order to produce a high-power fuel cell, ion exchange treatment is generally performed by using a quaternary ammonium base counter ion as a hydroxide ion. To do.
- a method for ion-exchange of a counter ion of a quaternary ammonium base to a hydroxide ion follows a conventional method.
- counter ions are exchanged by immersing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of an anion exchange membrane in an aqueous alkali hydroxide solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
- concentration of the aqueous alkali hydroxide solution is not particularly limited, but is about 0.1 to 2 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 .
- the immersion temperature is 5 to 60 ° C., and the immersion time is about 0.5 to 24 hours.
- the membrane resistance of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane obtained by the above method varies depending on the composition of the monomer used, the type of strongly basic group, the type of substrate, and the like.
- the membrane resistance is usually 0.005 to 1.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 in a 0.5 mol / L-sodium chloride aqueous solution, more preferably 0.01 to 0.8 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 , and 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 is most preferable. It is practically difficult to make the film resistance less than 0.005 ⁇ cm 2 .
- the membrane resistance exceeds 1.5 ⁇ cm 2 , the membrane resistance is too large, and when used for a fuel cell membrane, the output of the fuel cell decreases.
- the anion exchange capacity In order to adjust the range of the membrane resistance, it is preferable to adjust the anion exchange capacity to 0.2 to 5 mmol / g, preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mmol / g.
- the water content of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane composed of the anion exchange membrane is preferably 7% or more, and more preferably 10% or more so that the conductivity of hydroxide ions does not decrease due to drying. In general, the moisture content is maintained at about 7 to 90%. In order to obtain a moisture content within this range, the type of anion exchange group, the anion exchange capacity, the degree of crosslinking, and the like are appropriately adjusted.
- the thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is usually preferably from 5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably from 5 to 40 ⁇ m, and more preferably from 8 to 20 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of keeping the membrane resistance low and maintaining the mechanical strength necessary for the support membrane. Most preferred.
- the burst strength of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is preferably 0.08 to 1.0 MPa. When the burst strength is less than 0.08 MPa, the mechanical strength is inferior, so that the solid polymer electrolyte membrane may be cracked when incorporated in the fuel cell.
- Carbon paper is usually used as the gas diffusion electrode, but the end of the fiber constituting the carbon paper may protrude outward from the surface of the carbon paper. In this case, this end may pierce and make a pinhole in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the burst strength is preferably 0.1 MPa or more in order to ensure that the fuel cell is stably operated over a long period of time. In general, it can be produced up to an upper limit of burst strength of 1.0 MPa.
- the method for attaching the weakly acidic group-containing polymer to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising the anion exchange membrane is not particularly limited.
- the thin film of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is formed on the sheet surface by drying, and then the thin film formed on the sheet surface is formed.
- a weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution is brought into contact with at least one surface of the above-mentioned solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and then dried to obtain 0.0001 to 0.5 mg / 0.5 mg on the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the solvent for dissolving the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is not particularly limited.
- the solvent may be appropriately selected according to the weight average molecular weight and chemical structure of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer to be dissolved.
- examples of the solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol and 2-ethoxyethanol, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, heptane and 1-octane; fatty acids such as octanoic acid; Amines such as dimethyloctylamine; Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene and naphthalene; Ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and methyl ethyl ketone; Ethers such as dibenzyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; Methylene chloride, chloroform and ethylene bromide Halogenated hydrocarbons; aromatic acids such as dimethyl
- the concentration of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer in the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.005 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 2% by mass, and 0.05 ⁇ 1% by weight is particularly preferred.
- concentration is less than 0.005% by mass, the time required for a predetermined amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer to adhere to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane becomes long. Furthermore, the amount of adhesion tends to be insufficient. In this case, the bonding property between the diaphragm and the electrode layer of the fuel cell diaphragm-catalyst electrode assembly produced using the fuel cell diaphragm may be insufficient.
- the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution is then brought into contact with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is previously subjected to an ion exchange treatment in a hydroxide ion type.
- the method for contacting the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is not particularly limited.
- coating a weakly acidic group containing polymer solution to a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, the method of spraying, and the method of immersing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a weakly acidic group containing polymer solution are illustrated.
- a method of applying or dipping is preferred.
- the immersion time of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane varies depending on the type of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the weakly acidic group-containing polymer, the concentration of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution, and the solvent.
- the immersion time is preferably 1 minute to 24 hours.
- the ion-exchange group of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the weakly acidic group of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer form an ionic bond, and the weakly acidic group-containing polymer adheres firmly on the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. It is preferable to immerse in 5 minutes or more.
- the immersion time does not exceed 15 hours. If the immersion time exceeds 15 hours, the weakly acidic group-containing polymer may adhere to the electrolyte membrane more than necessary, and the resistance of the resulting fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly may increase. Further, the weakly acidic group-containing polymer may adhere to the electrolyte membrane more than necessary, and the amount of adhesion may be different before and after immersion in a methanol aqueous solution described later.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane immersed in the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution is taken out from the solution and, if necessary, dried to remove the solvent.
- the solvent in which the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is dissolved is a solvent having a high dielectric constant, or the solubility of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer in the solvent is high, a strong basic group and a weakly acidic group that the electrolyte membrane has There may be insufficient ion pair formation with the weakly acidic group of the containing polymer. In this case, ion pair formation can be promoted by drying the electrolyte membrane.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and may be dried at 0 to 100 ° C. for 1 minute to 5 hours depending on the concentration of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution to be used and the solvent.
- hot air may be blown on the electrolyte membrane in which the ion pair is formed, or the electrolyte membrane may be dried under reduced pressure.
- You may dry in inert atmosphere, such as argon and nitrogen.
- it is preferable to dry the electrolyte membrane while applying tension to the electrolyte membrane by fixing the electrolyte membrane in which the ion pair is formed to the frame. In the case of drying by applying this tension, the solvent is uniformly removed. As a result, the weakly acidic group-containing polymer uniformly adheres to the electrolyte membrane surface.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane obtained above is usually a hydroxide ion type or a surface of a hydrocarbon anion exchange membrane in which a part or all of the hydroxide ions is a carbonate ion or bicarbonate ion type.
- 2 is a diaphragm in which a layer made of a weakly acidic group-containing polymer is laminated. Therefore, it is preferable to make the membrane into a hydroxide ion type more completely before use in the fuel cell.
- a method of making the diaphragm into a hydroxide ion type there is a method of immersing the diaphragm in an aqueous solution such as potassium hydroxide.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention can be obtained by the method described above.
- This fuel cell membrane can be suitably used as a membrane for hydrogen fuel type fuel cells and direct liquid fuel cells.
- the concentration of the solution, etc. the polymer adheres to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane more than necessary, and the resulting membrane-catalyst electrode assembly for a fuel cell is obtained. Resistance may be high.
- a weakly acidic group-containing polymer adheres to the surface of the fuel cell membrane produced by the above method.
- a very small amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer may exist that does not form an ion pair with the strongly basic anion exchange group of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the weakly acidic group-containing polymer that does not form ion pairs dissolves in liquid fuel such as aqueous methanol solution or crossover liquid fuel during power generation of the fuel cell.
- the liquid fuel in which the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is dissolved then diffuses into the catalyst electrode layer, where the catalyst is poisoned by the weakly acidic group-containing polymer.
- the obtained fuel cell membrane is washed with a solvent to remove the weakly acidic group-containing polymer that does not form ion pairs attached to the membrane from the membrane. Is preferred.
- the solvent used for washing is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent capable of dissolving the attached weakly acidic group-containing polymer, and may be appropriately selected according to the weight average molecular weight and chemical structure of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer. Specifically, the solvent used for preparing the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution in the attaching step can be used.
- the washing method is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ease of operation, a method of washing by immersing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having a weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the organic solvent is preferred.
- the washing conditions by immersion are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to immerse a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in which a weakly acidic group-containing polymer is adhered to a solvent at 0 to 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to 10 hours.
- a solvent at 0 to 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to 10 hours.
- the total immersion time is preferably 10 minutes to 10 hours.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane to which the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is attached is taken out from the solvent used for the washing and dried to remove the solvent.
- the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not substantially remain in the obtained fuel cell diaphragm.
- drying conditions drying is performed in an air atmosphere at 0 to 100 ° C. for 1 minute to 5 hours depending on the type of the cleaning solvent.
- hot air or the like may be sprayed on the electrolyte membrane or may be dried under reduced pressure.
- the washed fuel cell membrane is preferably immersed in an alkaline aqueous solution such as potassium hydroxide, like the unwashed fuel cell membrane. This immersion further increases the ion exchange capacity of the diaphragm.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane to which the weakly acidic group-containing polymer is attached is washed by the above-described washing method, and free weakly acidic group-containing polymer that does not form ionic bonds with the electrolyte membrane.
- the coalescence is removed from the electrolyte membrane.
- Such a fuel cell membrane that does not contain a substantially free weakly acidic group-containing polymer is prevented from having an excessively high resistance when a fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly is produced. Further, when this fuel cell membrane is incorporated in a fuel cell, the catalyst contained in the catalyst electrode layer is hardly deactivated even if the fuel cell is generated for a long period of time.
- the state where there is substantially no difference in the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached before and after the immersion is It includes a state where there is no change in the amount of adhesion before and after, a state where it changes within a measurement error range, and a state where it decreases within a slight range which hardly affects the bonding property.
- the amount of adhesion after immersion is only about 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less with respect to the amount of adhesion before immersion.
- the mass loss that occurs after washing is caused by weakly acidic group-containing polymers that do not form ion pairs among weakly acidic group-containing polymers that adhere to the surface of the solid electrolyte membrane. Due to being removed.
- the upper limit of the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane was subjected to washing is 0.005mg / cm 2, 0.0025mg / cm 2 is preferred.
- the fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly of the present invention can be obtained by joining a catalyst electrode layer to one or both surfaces of the fuel cell membrane.
- a catalyst electrode layer known ones used for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells can be used without particular limitation.
- the catalyst electrode layer includes metal particles that act as a catalyst and a binder resin that binds these metal particles.
- a method of joining the catalyst electrode layer to the fuel cell membrane there is a method of joining an electrode made of a porous material on which the catalyst electrode layer is supported to the fuel cell membrane of the present invention. Further, there is a method in which only the catalyst electrode layer is bonded to the fuel cell membrane, and an electrode made of a porous material is bonded thereon.
- the binder resin that is a constituent component of the catalyst electrode layer a resin having no ionic group such as polytetrafluoroethylene can be used.
- the binder resin contains a hydroxide ion conductive substance in order to increase the conductivity of hydroxide ions in the catalyst electrode layer to reduce the internal resistance of the fuel cell and improve the utilization rate of the catalyst. It is preferable.
- the hydroxide ion conductive substance any substance having an anion exchangeable functional group having a hydroxide ion as a counter ion can be used without particular limitation.
- a conventionally known anion exchange resin or a polymer into which an anion exchange group is introduced by a known formulation such as alkylation or amination is preferably used.
- amino groups such as poly (4-vinylpyridine), poly (2-vinylpyridine), polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, polyaniline, polydiethylaminoethylstyrene, polyvinylimidazole, polybenzimidazole, and polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
- Alkylated products of these polymers, as well as their derivatives, polymers with alkyl halides such as chloromethylated polystyrene, bromomethylated polystyrene, chlorobutylated polystyrene, etc.
- alkyl halides such as chloromethylated polystyrene, bromomethylated polystyrene, chlorobutylated polystyrene, etc.
- anion exchange resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ion exchange group of the anion exchange resin used for the catalyst electrode layer is preferably a strongly basic group, and more preferably a quaternary ammonium base.
- the reason is that the strongly basic group forms a strong ionic bond with the weakly acidic group of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer, as in the case of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the catalyst in the catalyst electrode layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal that promotes an oxidation reaction of a fuel such as hydrogen or methanol and a reduction reaction of oxygen.
- the catalyst include platinum, gold, silver, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, tin, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, or alloys thereof.
- platinum, ruthenium, or an alloy of platinum and ruthenium having excellent catalytic activity is preferable.
- the reaction catalyst particles are supported on a support made of carbon black such as furnace black or acetylene black, or conductive carbon such as activated carbon or graphite.
- a support made of carbon black such as furnace black or acetylene black
- conductive carbon such as activated carbon or graphite.
- electroconductive carbon which carries the said catalyst.
- Examples of conductive carbon carrying a catalyst used for fuel cell electrodes include those described in JP-A-2002-329500, JP-A 2002-1000037, JP-A-7-246336, and the like. There is. Further, various catalysts and supported catalysts are commercially available, and can be used as they are or after necessary treatment.
- the particle diameter of the catalyst particles is usually 0.1 to 100 nm, preferably 0.5 to 10 nm. The smaller the particle size, the higher the catalyst performance, but it is difficult to produce catalyst particles of less than 0.5 nm.
- Content of the catalyst of the electrode catalyst layer based on the sheet state of the electrode catalyst layer, usually, 0.01 ⁇ 10mg / cm 2, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ 5.0mg / cm 2.
- content of the catalyst is less than 0.01 mg / cm 2 , the catalyst performance is not sufficiently exhibited, and when the content exceeds 10 mg / cm 2 , the catalyst performance is saturated.
- a fuel cell membrane / catalyst electrode assembly can be obtained by forming the catalyst electrode layer composed of the above components on the surface of the fuel cell membrane of the present invention.
- the catalyst electrode layer is formed on the surface of the fuel cell membrane covering the thin film layer of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the thickness of the catalyst electrode layer is preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- a catalyst electrode paste in which the above-mentioned components and an organic solvent are mixed is applied to the surface of the fuel cell diaphragm using a screen printing method or a spray method and then dried. is there.
- An organic solvent is appropriately added to the catalyst electrode paste to adjust the viscosity of the paste. The adjustment of the viscosity is important for adjusting the amount of supported catalyst and the thickness of the catalyst electrode layer.
- the following method is also a preferable method.
- a catalyst electrode layer is first formed on a polytetrafluoroethylene or polyester film.
- the catalyst electrode layer is transferred to the surface of the fuel cell membrane.
- the catalyst electrode layer is transferred to the fuel cell membrane by thermocompression bonding of the catalyst electrode layer and the fuel cell membrane using an apparatus equipped with pressurizing and heating means such as a hot press machine or a roll press machine.
- the pressing temperature is generally 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., and the pressing pressure is usually 0.5 to 20 MPa, although it depends on the thickness and hardness of the catalyst electrode layer to be used.
- the fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly of the present invention is produced by forming a catalyst electrode layer supported by a porous electrode substrate, and then joining the catalyst electrode layer and the fuel cell membrane of the present invention. You may do it.
- the porous electrode substrate include carbon fiber woven fabric and carbon paper.
- the thickness of the electrode substrate is preferably 50 to 300 ⁇ m, and the porosity is preferably 50 to 90%.
- the catalyst electrode layer supported by the porous electrode substrate is formed by applying the catalyst electrode paste to the porous electrode substrate and then drying the paste. Next, the catalyst electrode layer is thermocompression bonded to the fuel cell membrane, whereby the fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly of the present invention is produced.
- the conditions for thermocompression bonding are the same as described above.
- Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of a solid electrolyte fuel cell incorporating the membrane-catalyst electrode assembly for the fuel cell.
- the membrane-catalyst electrode assembly for a fuel cell can be incorporated into an anion exchange type solid electrolyte fuel cell having another known structure.
- the fuel liquid of the fuel cell As the fuel liquid of the fuel cell, methanol, ethanol, and aqueous solutions thereof are the most common, and the effects of the present invention are most prominent.
- Other fuel liquids include ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether, ammonia, hydrazine, and the like, and aqueous solutions thereof. Even in the case of these fuels, the present diaphragm-catalyst electrode assembly exhibits the same excellent effect.
- basic compounds When using these liquid fuels, basic compounds may be added to the liquid fuel.
- the basic compound include potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate and the like.
- the fuel is not limited to liquid, and gaseous hydrogen gas or the like can be used.
- Ion exchange capacity A membrane for a fuel cell was immersed in a 0.5 mol / L-NaCl aqueous solution for 10 hours or more to obtain a chloride ion type.
- This chloride ion type diaphragm was immersed in a 0.2 mol / L-NaNO 3 aqueous solution to form a nitrate ion type, and the released chloride ions were titrated with a silver nitrate aqueous solution (Amol).
- a potentiometric titrator (COMMITE-900, manufactured by Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the ion exchange membrane was taken out and sufficiently washed with ion exchange water. After removing the ion exchange water on the surface of the diaphragm, the wet weight (Wg) was measured. Then, it dried under reduced pressure at 60 degreeC for 5 hours, and measured the weight (Dg) at the time of drying.
- the ion exchange capacity and water content of the fuel cell membrane were determined by the following equations.
- Membrane resistance A fuel cell diaphragm was sandwiched between the two chambers each having a platinum black electrode, and the two chambers were partitioned by a diaphragm. Each of the two chambers was filled with a 0.5 mol / L-NaCl aqueous solution. The resistance between the electrodes at 25 ° C. was measured using an AC bridge (frequency 1000 cycles / second) circuit. Similarly, the resistance between the electrodes was measured without installing a fuel cell membrane.
- the membrane resistance was calculated from the difference in resistance between the electrodes when the diaphragm was not installed and when the diaphragm was installed.
- the diaphragm used for the above measurement was previously immersed in a 0.5 mol / L-NaCl aqueous solution and equilibrated.
- Adhesion amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane / ATR method (applied when the adhesion amount is 0.001 mg / cm 2 or more)
- Two fuel cell membranes (10 mm x 45 mm) with a weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of an anion exchange membrane are stacked on both sides of a germanium optical crystal (20 mm x 50 mm x 3 mm).
- a sample for measurement was prepared. In an environment of 50% RH at 25 ° C., a multiple reflection infrared spectrum of the sample was measured at an incident angle of 45 ° according to the total reflection absorption spectrum method. The measurement was performed using an infrared spectrometer (Spectra One manufactured by PerkinElmer).
- a predetermined amount of polystyrene sulfonic acid (weight average molecular weight 75,000), polyacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight 250,000), or polymethacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight 0.950,000) is applied onto a polyethylene terephthalate film.
- a standard sample was prepared. Perform similar measurements using the prepared standard sample, the absorbance was measured intensity brute based on the characteristic absorption of the sulfonic acid groups (1177cm -1) or a carbonyl group (1760 cm -1). A calibration curve was created using these data. Using this calibration curve, the adhesion amount per unit plane area (cm 2 ) of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer on the surface of the fuel cell membrane was determined.
- ⁇ Method using solvent immersion method (applied when the adhesion amount is less than 0.001 mg / cm 2 ) First, the solvent immersion method described in the above (3) was carried out to determine the total amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer in this state.
- a diaphragm for a fuel cell separately prepared from the same sample was prepared.
- the surface layer part of the diaphragm for fuel cells was scraped off by spraying alumina oxide powder on both surfaces of the diaphragm on which the weakly acidic group-containing polymer was adhered.
- the scraped thickness was 1 ⁇ m each (including the layer to which the weakly acidic group-containing polymer adhered).
- the solvent immersion method was performed again, and the amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer deposited was determined to enter the fuel cell membrane from which the surface layer portion was shaved. A substantial amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer was determined.
- the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer on the surface of the diaphragm was calculated by subtracting the adhesion amount after scraping the surface layer part from the adhesion amount before scraping the surface layer part.
- Example 6 the adhesion amount on the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane obtained by a method applying this solvent immersion method and the ATR method were used. The same amount of adhesion was compared. Deposition amount obtained by the method of the former, Example 6 is 0.0013 mg / cm 2, Example 8 was 0.0015 mg / cm 2. On the other hand, the adhesion amounts of these examples obtained by the ATR method were exactly the same as the above values as shown in Table 4 described later. From these results, it was confirmed that both methods gave substantially the same measurement results in the measurement of the adhesion amount of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer on the electrolyte membrane surface.
- Amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer adhering to the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane after immersion in a 50% by mass aqueous methanol solution A fuel cell membrane (8 cm ⁇ 8 cm) having a weakly acidic group-containing polymer adhering to the surface was immersed in 50 ml of a 50 mass% methanol aqueous solution at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes at room temperature. The diaphragm was taken out from the aqueous methanol solution, and the same immersion operation was repeated twice using a new aqueous methanol solution, and then the diaphragm was dried at room temperature for 5 hours.
- the amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached was measured by the method applying the ATR method or solvent immersion method described in (4), and the weakly acidic group-containing polymer was attached to the electrolyte membrane surface after immersion in methanol aqueous solution. The amount was determined.
- Production Example 1 As shown in Table 1, 100 parts by mass of chloromethylstyrene, 3 parts by mass of divinylbenzene (3.5 mol% in the total polymerizable monomer), 5 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol diepoxide (molecular weight 400), t-butyl par A monomer composition consisting of 5 parts by mass of oxyethyl hexanoate was prepared. A porous film made of polyethylene (PE, weight average molecular weight 250,000) (film thickness 25 ⁇ m, porosity 37%, average pore diameter 0.03 ⁇ m) was immersed in this monomer composition at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes under atmospheric pressure. The monomer composition was impregnated.
- PE weight average molecular weight 250,000
- the porous membrane was taken out from the monomer composition, and both sides of the porous membrane were coated using a 100 ⁇ m polyester film as a release material, and then heated and polymerized at 80 ° C. for 5 hours under a nitrogen pressure of 0.3 MPa.
- the obtained film-like product was immersed in an amination bath composed of 10 parts by mass of 30% by mass of trimethylamine, 5 parts by mass of water, and 5 parts by mass of acetone at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a chloride ion type quaternary ammonium type anion.
- An exchange membrane was obtained.
- the counter ion was ion-exchanged from a chloride ion to a hydroxide ion by immersing in a large excess of 0.5 mol / L-NaOH aqueous solution. Thereafter, it was washed with ion exchange water to obtain a hydroxide ion type anion exchange membrane.
- Production Examples 2-3 An anion exchange membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the monomer composition and the porous membrane in Production Example 1 were changed to those shown in Table 1. The results of measuring the ion exchange capacity, water content, membrane resistance, and film thickness of these anion exchange membranes are shown in Table 2.
- a monomer composition was prepared by mixing 100 parts by mass of 4-vinylpyridine, 5 parts by mass of divinylbenzene (3.9 mol% in the total polymerizable monomer) and 5 parts by mass of t-butylperoxyethylhexanoate. It was adjusted.
- a porous film made of polyethylene (PE, weight average molecular weight 250,000) (film thickness 25 ⁇ m, porosity 37%, average pore diameter 0.03 ⁇ m) was immersed in this monomer composition at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes under atmospheric pressure. The monomer composition was impregnated.
- PE weight average molecular weight 250,000
- the porous membrane was taken out from the monomer composition, and both sides of the porous membrane were coated using a 100 ⁇ m polyester film as a release material. Then, it heat-polymerized at 80 degreeC under 0.3 MPa nitrogen pressurization for 5 hours. The obtained film-like material was immersed in a 1: 4 mixture of methyl iodide and methanol at 30 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain an iodide ion type quaternary pyridinium type anion exchange membrane. This ion exchange membrane was immersed in a large excess of 0.5 mol / L-NaOH aqueous solution to exchange ion from iodide ion to hydroxide ion. Thereafter, it was washed with ion exchange water to obtain a hydroxide ion type anion exchange membrane.
- Example 1 The anion exchange membrane of Production Example 1 was immersed in a 0.1% by mass methanol solution of polyacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight 250,000) at room temperature for 15 minutes. The anion exchange membrane was taken out from the polyacrylic acid methanol solution and dried at 25 ° C. under atmospheric pressure for 16 hours and further under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a membrane for fuel cells of the present invention.
- Table 4 shows the anion exchange capacity, water content, membrane resistance, film thickness, and amount of polyacrylic acid (weakly acidic group-containing polymer) of the obtained fuel cell membrane.
- the quaternary ammonium type-chloromethylated- ⁇ polystyrene-poly (ethylene-propylene) -polystyrene ⁇ triblock copolymer is obtained by converting the ⁇ polystyrene-poly (ethylene-propylene) -polystyrene ⁇ triblock copolymer to chloro
- the counter ion of the anion exchange resin methylated and further derived into a quaternary ammonium type is exchanged with a hydroxide ion and left in the atmosphere.
- a fuel chamber side catalyst electrode layer having a catalyst of 3 mg / cm 2 was prepared in the same manner except that carbon black supported by 50% by mass of platinum and a ruthenium alloy catalyst (ruthenium 50 mol%) was used.
- both the above catalyst electrode layers are set on both sides of the above fuel cell diaphragm, and hot pressed for 100 seconds under a pressure of 100 ° C. and a pressure of 5 MPa, thereby directly separating the fuel cell diaphragm for the methanol fuel type.
- -A catalyst electrode assembly was obtained.
- the joining property of the obtained fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was evaluated.
- a direct methanol fuel type fuel cell was prepared, and its fuel cell output voltage, durability, and bondability after the durability test were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- a hydrogen fuel type fuel cell membrane is prepared by using the catalyst electrode layer similarly prepared so that the platinum catalyst is 0.5 mg / cm 2 as the oxidant chamber side catalyst electrode layer and the fuel chamber side catalyst electrode layer.
- -A catalyst electrode assembly was prepared.
- the joining property of the obtained fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was evaluated. Using this membrane-catalyst electrode assembly for a fuel cell, a hydrogen fuel type fuel cell was prepared, and its fuel cell output voltage, durability, and bondability after the durability test were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 2 A diaphragm for a fuel cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyacrylic acid solution concentration was changed to that shown in Table 3.
- Table 4 shows the anion exchange capacity, water content, membrane resistance, film thickness, and amount of polyacrylic acid (weakly acidic group-containing polymer) of this fuel cell membrane.
- a direct methanol fuel type fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The bondability of this fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was evaluated. Using this fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly, a direct methanol fuel type fuel cell was prepared, and its fuel cell output voltage, durability, and bondability after the durability test were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 3 The fuel cell membrane produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was further immersed in methanol at room temperature for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the new methanol was immersed twice in total, and then dried at room temperature for 5 hours to obtain a fuel cell membrane of the present invention.
- Table 4 shows the anion exchange capacity, water content, membrane resistance, film thickness, and amount of polyacrylic acid (weakly acidic group-containing polymer) of this fuel cell membrane.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a direct methanol fuel type fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was obtained. The fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was evaluated for its bondability, direct fuel cell fuel cell output voltage, durability, and bondability after the durability test. The results are shown in Table 4. Further, a hydrogen fuel type fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the joining property, the fuel cell output voltage in the hydrogen fuel type, durability, and the joining after the durability test. Sex was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Examples 4 to 10 The same as Example 3 except that the anion exchange membrane, the type of weakly acidic group-containing polymer, the weight average molecular weight of the weakly acidic group-containing polymer, and the weakly acidic group-containing polymer solution concentration were changed to those shown in Table 3. Thus, a diaphragm for a fuel cell was obtained.
- Table 4 shows the anion exchange capacity, water content, membrane resistance, film thickness, and amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to the obtained fuel cell membrane.
- Example 5 a direct methanol fuel type fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was evaluated for its bondability, direct methanol fuel type fuel cell output voltage, durability, and bondability after the durability test. The results are shown in Table 4.
- a hydrogen fuel type fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and its connectivity, hydrogen fuel type fuel cell output voltage, durability, The bondability after the durability test was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Comparative Examples 3-4 A membrane for a fuel cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that polystyrenesulfonic acid was used in place of the weakly acidic polymer and the solution concentration was changed to that shown in Table 3.
- Table 4 shows the anion exchange capacity, water content, membrane resistance, film thickness, and amount of weakly acidic group-containing polymer attached to this fuel cell membrane.
- a direct methanol fuel type membrane-catalyst electrode assembly for a fuel cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The joining property of the obtained fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly, direct methanol fuel type fuel cell output voltage, durability, and joining property after the durability test were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- a hydrogen fuel type fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was also produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and its joining property, hydrogen fuel type fuel cell output voltage, durability, and joining property after the durability test. Evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 3 except that a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid solution (commercial product A) was added to 1-propanol and adjusted to a predetermined concentration in place of the weakly acidic polymer, and was washed with methanol. Thus, a diaphragm for a fuel cell was obtained.
- Table 4 shows the anion exchange capacity, water content, membrane resistance, film thickness, and amount of reverse polarity polymer attached to the obtained fuel cell membrane.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a direct methanol fuel type fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was obtained. The fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was evaluated for its bondability, direct methanol fuel type fuel cell output voltage, durability, and bondability after the durability test. The results are shown in Table 4. Further, a hydrogen fuel type fuel cell membrane-catalyst electrode assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the joining property, the fuel cell output voltage in the hydrogen fuel type, durability, and the joining after the durability test. Sex was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
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Abstract
Description
(i)反応場が強酸性のため、拡散電極層の触媒として貴金属触媒しか使用できない。更に、パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸樹脂膜も高価である。従って、燃料電池のコストダウンには限界がある。
(ii)パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸樹脂膜の保水力が充分でないため、該樹脂膜に水を補給する必要がある。
(iii)パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸樹脂膜は物理的な強度が低い。従って、更に薄膜化することにより、該樹脂膜の電気抵抗を低減させることは困難である。
(iv)メタノール等の液体燃料を用いる燃料電池の場合、パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸樹脂膜に対する該液体燃料の透過性が高い。従って、酸化剤室側ガス拡散電極層に到達した液体燃料が、電極層で酸素または空気と反応して過電圧を増加させる。その結果、燃料電池の出力電圧が低下する。
〔15〕 多孔質膜と、前記多孔質膜の空隙に充填してなる強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂とからなる固体高分子電解質膜の少なくとも一面に、弱酸性基を有する重合体溶液を接触させた後、得られる該弱酸性基を有する重合体が表面に付着する固体高分子電解質膜を、該弱酸性基を有する重合体を溶解可能な溶媒で洗浄することを特徴とする固体高分子電解質膜の表面に弱酸性基を有する重合体が付着してなる燃料電池用隔膜の製造方法。
2;燃料流通孔
3;酸化剤ガス流通孔
4;燃料室側拡散電極層
5;酸化剤室側ガス拡散電極層
6;固体高分子電解質膜
7;燃料室
8;酸化剤室
固体高分子電解質膜が有する陰イオン交換基が強塩基性基であるイオン交換樹脂は、架橋型のものである。隔膜として架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂を採用することにより、得られる燃料電池用隔膜の寸法安定性、耐熱性、機械的強度及びメタノール非透過性等の物性が優れたものになる。さらに、弱酸性基含有重合体が電解質膜内部に浸入して、その表面における付着量が減少することが抑制される。
尚、上記洗浄を施した燃料電池用隔膜は、前述の未洗浄の燃料電池用隔膜と同様に、水酸化カリウムなどのアルカリ水溶液に浸漬することが好ましい。この浸漬により、隔膜のイオン交換能は更に十分なものなる。
燃料電池用隔膜を0.5mol/L-NaCl水溶液に10時間以上浸漬し、塩化物イオン型とした。この塩化物イオン型の隔膜を、0.2mol/L-NaNO3水溶液に浸漬し、硝酸イオン型にし、この際遊離した塩化物イオンを、硝酸銀水溶液を用いて滴定した(Amol)。定量には、電位差滴定装置(COMTITE-900、平沼産業株式会社製)を用いた。
含水率=100×(W-D)/D[%]
(2)膜抵抗
白金黒電極をそれぞれ備えた2室からなるセルの中央に燃料電池用隔膜を挟み、2室を隔膜で仕切った。2室のそれぞれに、0.5mol/L-NaCl水溶液を満たした。交流ブリッジ(周波数1000サイクル/秒)回路を用いて25℃における電極間の抵抗を測定した。同様にして燃料電池用隔膜を設置せずに電極間の抵抗を測定した。隔膜を設置しない場合と、隔膜を設置した場合との電極間の抵抗の差から膜抵抗を算出した。上記測定に使用する隔膜は、あらかじめ0.5mol/L-NaCl水溶液中に浸漬して平衡になったものを用いた。
0.5mol/L-塩酸水溶液とメタノールの等質量混合溶液40mlを用意した。この溶液に、陰イオン交換膜からなる固体高分子電解質膜の両面に弱酸性基含有重合体が付着した燃料電池用隔膜(8cm×8cm)を、室温で16時間浸漬し、弱酸性基含有重合体を溶出させた。次いで、得られた溶液を液体クロマトグラフィーで分析した。ポリスチレンスルホン酸(重量平均分子量7.5万)、またはポリアクリル酸(重量平均分子量25万)、またはポリメタクリル酸(重量平均分子量0.95万)を用いて作成した検量線を用いて、溶出した弱酸性基含有重合体量を求めた。この測定結果を陰イオン交換樹脂膜の両面の面積(128cm2)で除して、燃料電池用隔膜片面の単位面積(cm2)当たりの付着量を算出した。この値を弱酸性基含有重合体の付着総量とした。
・ATR法(付着量が0.001mg/cm2以上の場合に適用)
陰イオン交換膜からなる固体高分子電解質膜の両面に弱酸性基含有重合体が付着した燃料電池用隔膜(10mm×45mm)2枚をゲルマニウム光学結晶(20mm×50mm×3mm)の両面に重ねて測定用試料を調製した。25℃で50%RHの環境下で、全反射吸収スペクトル法に従って、入射角45°で、前記試料の多重反射法赤外分光スペクトルを測定した。測定は、赤外分光装置(パーキンエルマー製スペクトラムワン)を用いた。
・溶媒浸漬法を応用した方法(付着量が0.001mg/cm2未満の場合に適用)
まず、上記(3)で説明した溶媒浸漬法を実施して、この状態での弱酸性基含有重合体の付着総量を求めた。
弱酸性基含有重合体が表面に付着している燃料電池用隔膜(8cm×8cm)を、30℃の50質量%メタノール水溶液50mlに室温で30分間浸漬した。隔膜をメタノール水溶液から取り出し、新たなメタノール水溶液を用いて、同じ浸漬操作を2回繰り返した後、隔膜を室温で5時間乾燥した。その後、(4)で説明したATR法または溶媒浸漬法を応用した方法により弱酸性基含有重合体の付着量を測定し、メタノール水溶液浸漬後の電解質膜表面への弱酸性基含有重合体の付着量を求めた。
作成直後の燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体を用い、JIS K-5400のXカットテープ法に準拠し、テープ剥離試験を行った。テープ剥離後、イオン交換膜上に残った電極層の状態を目視で10点法により評価し、作成直後の接合性とした。
燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体を、厚みが200μm、空孔率が80%のカーボンペーパーで挟み、図1に示す構造の燃料電池セルを作製した。次いで、燃料電池セル温度を50℃に設定し、燃料極側に10質量%メタノール水溶液を1ml/minの流量で供給し、酸化剤極側には大気圧の空気を200ml/minで供給して発電試験を行なった。この状態で、電流密度0A/cm2、0.1A/cm2におけるセルの端子電圧を測定した。
燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体を、厚みが200μm、空孔率が80%のカーボンペーパーで挟み、図1に示す構造の燃料電池セルを作製した。次いで、燃料電池セル温度を50℃に設定し、大気圧で加湿温度50℃(実質的に100%RH)の水素と空気をそれぞれ200ml/min、500ml/minの流量で供給して発電試験を行なった。この状態で、電流密度0A/cm2、0.2A/cm2におけるセルの端子電圧を測定した。
上記の燃料電池出力電圧の測定後、水素燃料型では50℃、0.2A/cm2で、また、直接メタノール型では50℃、0.1A/cm2で連続発電試験を行った。350時間後の出力電圧を測定し、燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体の耐久性を評価した。
表1に示すように、クロロメチルスチレン100質量部、ジビニルベンゼン3質量部(全重合性単量体中3.5モル%)、ポリエチレングリコールジエポキシド(分子量400)5質量部、t-ブチルパーオキシエチルヘキサノエート5質量部よりなる単量体組成物を調整した。この単量体組成物にポリエチレン(PE、重量平均分子量25万)製の多孔質膜(膜厚25μm、空隙率37%、平均孔径0.03μm)を大気圧下、25℃で10分浸漬し、単量体組成物を含浸させた。
製造例1の単量体組成物と多孔質膜を表1に示すものに変えた以外は製造例1と同様にして陰イオン交換膜を得た。これら陰イオン交換膜のイオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚を測定した結果を表2に示した。
4-ビニルピリジン100質量部、ジビニルベンゼン5質量部(全重合性単量体中3.9モル%)、t-ブチルパーオキシエチルヘキサノエート5質量部を混合して単量体組成物を調整した。この単量体組成物にポリエチレン(PE、重量平均分子量25万)製の多孔質膜(膜厚25μm、空隙率37%、平均孔径0.03μm)を大気圧下、25℃で10分浸漬し、単量体組成物を含浸させた。
製造例1の陰イオン交換膜を、ポリアクリル酸(重量平均分子量25万)の0.1質量%メタノール溶液に室温で15分間浸漬した。陰イオン交換膜をポリアクリル酸のメタノール溶液から取出し、25℃、大気圧下で16時間、さらに40℃の減圧下で5時間乾燥して、本発明の燃料電池用隔膜を得た。得られた燃料電池用隔膜のアニオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、ポリアクリル酸(弱酸性基含有重合体)の付着量を表4に示した。
ポリアクリル酸の溶液濃度を表3に示すものに変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして燃料電池用隔膜を得た。この燃料電池用隔膜のアニオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、ポリアクリル酸(弱酸性基含有重合体)の付着量を表4に示した。
実施例1と同様にして製造した燃料電池用隔膜を、さらにメタノールに室温で30分間浸漬した。その後、新たなメタノール用いて、同様に浸漬を合計2回行った後、室温で5時間乾燥して、本発明の燃料電池用隔膜を得た。この燃料電池用隔膜のアニオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、ポリアクリル酸(弱酸性基含有重合体)の付着量を表4に示した。
陰イオン交換膜、弱酸性基含有重合体の種類、弱酸性基含有重合体の重量平均分子量、弱酸性基含有重合体溶液濃度を表3に示したものに変えた以外は実施例3と同様にして燃料電池用隔膜を得た。得られた燃料電池用隔膜のアニオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、弱酸性基含有重合体の付着量を表4に示した。
製造例1および製造例4の陰イオン交換膜をそのまま燃料電池用隔膜として用いて、実施例1と同様にして直接メタノール燃料型の燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体を得た。この燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体の接合性、直接メタノール燃料型の燃料電池出力電圧、耐久性、該耐久性試験後の接合性を評価した。結果を表4に示した。また、実施例1と同様にして水素燃料型の燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体を作製し、その接合性、水素燃料型での燃料電池出力電圧、耐久性、該耐久性試験後の接合性を評価した。結果を表5に示した。
弱酸性含有重合体の代わりにポリスチレンスルホン酸を用い、溶液濃度を表3に示したものに変えた以外は実施例3と同様にして燃料電池用隔膜を得た。この燃料電池用隔膜のアニオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、弱酸性基含有重合体の付着量を表4に示した。さらに、実施例1と同様にして直接メタノール燃料型の燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体を得た。得られた燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体の接合性、直接メタノール燃料型の燃料電池出力電圧、耐久性、該耐久性試験後の接合性を評価した。結果を表4に示した。また、実施例1と同様にして水素燃料型の燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体も作製し、その接合性、水素燃料型の燃料電池出力電圧、耐久性、該耐久性試験後の接合性を評価した。結果を表5に示した。
弱酸性含有重合体の代わりにパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸溶液(市販品A)を1-プロパノールを加え所定濃度に調整した溶液を用いたこと、及びメタノールを用いて洗浄したこと以外は実施例3と同様にして燃料電池用隔膜を得た。得られた燃料電池用隔膜のアニオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、逆極性重合体の付着量を表4に示した。
Claims (15)
- 強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂からなる固体高分子電解質膜と、前記固体高分子電解質膜の少なくとも一面に付着されてなる弱酸性基を有する重合体とからなる燃料電池用隔膜。
- 多孔質膜と、前記多孔質膜の空隙に充填してなる強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂からなる固体高分子電解質膜と;前記固体高分子電解質膜の少なくとも一面に付着されてなる弱酸性基を有する重合体とからなる燃料電池用隔膜。
- 弱酸性基を有する重合体の重量平均分子量が8000~100万である請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜。
- 弱酸性基を有する重合体の付着量が、0.0001~0.5mg/cm2である請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜。
- 弱酸性基を有する重合体の弱酸性基がカルボキシル基である請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜。
- 弱酸性基を有する重合体がポリアクリル酸である請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜。
- 強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂の有する強塩基性基が4級アンモニウム塩基またはピリジニウム塩基である請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜。
- 30℃の50質量%メタノール水溶液に燃料電池用隔膜を浸漬する場合、浸漬の前後で固体高分子電解質膜の少なくとも一面に付着されている弱酸性基を有する重合体の付着量に実質的に差がない状態で弱酸性基を有する重合体が付着されてなる請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜。
- 強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂が、二官能以上の架橋性単量体を全重合性単量体中に0.5~40モル%含む単量体組成物を重合させなる請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜。
- 直接液体燃料型燃料電池に使用される請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用隔膜と;前記隔膜の少なくとも一面に接合された、強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する陰イオン交換樹脂及び触媒物質を含む触媒電極層とからなる燃料電池用隔膜-触媒電極接合体。
- 強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂からなる固体高分子電解質膜の少なくとも一面に、弱酸性基を有する重合体溶液を接触させた後乾燥させることにより、該固体高分子電解質膜の表面に該弱酸性基を有する重合体を付着させることを特徴とする燃料電池用隔膜の製造方法。
- 多孔質膜と、前記多孔質膜の空隙に充填してなる強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂とからなる固体高分子電解質膜の少なくとも一面に、弱酸性基を有する重合体溶液を接触させた後乾燥させることにより、該固体高分子電解質膜の表面に該弱酸性基を有する重合体を付着させることを特徴とする燃料電池用隔膜の製造方法。
- 強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂からなる固体高分子電解質膜の少なくとも一面に、弱酸性基を有する重合体溶液を接触させた後、得られる該弱酸性基を有する重合体が表面に付着する固体高分子電解質膜を、該弱酸性基を有する重合体を溶解可能な溶媒で洗浄することを特徴とする固体高分子電解質膜の表面に弱酸性基を有する重合体が付着してなる燃料電池用隔膜の製造方法。
- 多孔質膜と、前記多孔質膜の空隙に充填してなる強塩基性陰イオン交換基を有する架橋型の陰イオン交換樹脂とからなる固体高分子電解質膜の少なくとも一面に、弱酸性基を有する重合体溶液を接触させた後、得られる該弱酸性基を有する重合体が表面に付着する固体高分子電解質膜を、該弱酸性基を有する重合体を溶解可能な溶媒で洗浄することを特徴とする固体高分子電解質膜の表面に弱酸性基を有する重合体が付着してなる燃料電池用隔膜の製造方法。
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KR20110106301A (ko) | 2011-09-28 |
US20110244367A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
KR101440672B1 (ko) | 2014-09-19 |
JP2010165459A (ja) | 2010-07-29 |
TWI484692B (zh) | 2015-05-11 |
EP2362471A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
TW201025713A (en) | 2010-07-01 |
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