JP5133896B2 - 固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜、及び膜−電極接合体 - Google Patents
固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜、及び膜−電極接合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5133896B2 JP5133896B2 JP2008542066A JP2008542066A JP5133896B2 JP 5133896 B2 JP5133896 B2 JP 5133896B2 JP 2008542066 A JP2008542066 A JP 2008542066A JP 2008542066 A JP2008542066 A JP 2008542066A JP 5133896 B2 JP5133896 B2 JP 5133896B2
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- Prior art keywords
- exchange resin
- cation exchange
- membrane
- fuel cell
- diaphragm
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description
従来、燃料電池用隔膜として使用される陽イオン交換樹脂膜としては、パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸膜が主に使用されている。この膜は、化学的安定性に優れている。しかし、物理的な強度が不十分であるため、薄膜化して電気抵抗を低減することが困難である。燃料にメタノールを用いる場合には、パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸膜が著しく膨潤して変形する。更に、メタノール燃料が酸化室側へ拡散することを十分に抑制出来ない問題点がある。また更に、パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸は高価である。
本発明者らは、触媒を担持している導電性カーボン等の導電材が、柔軟なエラストマーによりその界面において十分に包み込まれ、その結果導電材及び電極材料とエラストマーとの間で十分な接触面積が生じ、プロトン導電性が向上すると推測している。
2 燃料流通孔
3 酸化剤ガス流通孔
4 燃料室側拡散電極
5 酸化剤室側ガス拡散電極
6 固体高分子電解質膜(陽イオン交換膜)
7 燃料室
8 酸化剤室
200、300、400、500 固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜
202、502 炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜
204、206、304、404、406、504 接着層
302、402、502 炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜
408、410、508 中間層
本発明の第1の形態の固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜(以下、単に電池用隔膜と記載することがある。)の構成の一例を図2に示す。図2において、200は固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜で、炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜202の両面に接着層204、206がそれぞれ形成されている。
本発明の第2の隔膜形態の固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜の構成の一例を図4に示す。
燃料電池用隔膜を1mol/l−HCl水溶液に10時間以上浸漬した。
含水率=100×(W−D)/D[%]
白金黒電極を備えた2室セルの中央において燃料電池用隔膜を挟み込み、2室セルを中央で仕切った。隔膜の両側に3mol/L−硫酸水溶液を満たした。交流ブリッジ(周波数1000サイクル/秒)回路を用いて、25℃における両電極間の抵抗を測定した。次に、燃料電池用隔膜を取外して、上記と同様にして電極間の抵抗を測定した。隔膜を設置した場合の電極間の抵抗値と、隔膜を取外した場合の電極間抵抗値との抵抗差を算出し、これを膜抵抗とした。上記測定に使用する隔膜は、あらかじめ3mol/L−硫酸水溶液中で平衡にしておいた。
測定端子系5mmφであるマイクロメーターを用いて、燃料電池用隔膜の膜厚を測定した。一方、この燃料電池用隔膜を製造する際に、接着層を形成する前の炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂の厚みを予め測定しておいた。前記燃料電池用隔膜の膜厚から、接着層を形成する前の炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂の厚みを差し引引いた値を算出し、この値を接着層の厚みとした。尚、燃料電池用隔膜、及び接着層を形成する前の炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜の厚みは、1cm間隔で10箇所のこれらの厚みを計測し、その平均値を用いた。
接着層用軟質陽イオン交換樹脂溶液をポリテトラフルオロエチレン上にキャストした後、乾燥させて接着層用軟質陽イオン交換樹脂のキャストフィルムを作製した。該キャストフィルムを25℃、60%RHの雰囲気に24時間置いて調湿した後、同じ雰囲気下で引っ張り試験機(島津製作所社:EZテスター)を用いて、キャストフィルムの応力と歪みとの関係を示す曲線を得た。この曲線の最初の直線部の傾斜より、接着層用軟質陽イオン交換樹脂のヤング率を求めた。
0.5mol/l水酸化ナトリウム水溶液とメタノールとの等質量混合溶液40mlを用意した。この溶液に、中間層(陰イオン交換樹脂)が付着した炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜(8cm×8cm)を、室温で16時間浸漬し、陰イオン交換樹脂を溶出させた。次いで、得られた溶液を液体クロマトグラフィーで分析した。ポリ4−ビニルピリジン(重量平均分子量16万)、またはポリエチレンイミン(重量平均分子量7万)を用いて作成した検量線を用いて、溶出した陰イオン交換樹脂量を求めた。この樹脂量を、陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜の両面の面積(128cm2)で除して、陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜片面の単位面積(cm2)当たりの付着量を算出し、この値を中間層樹脂の付着総量とした。
・ATR法(付着量が0.001mg/cm2以上の場合に適用)
中間層(陰イオン交換樹脂)が付着した陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜(10mm×45mm)2枚をゲルマニウム光学結晶(20mm×50mm×3mm)の上下両面に重ねて測定用試料を調製した。25℃で50%RHの環境下で、全反射吸収スペクトル法に従って、入射角45°で、前記試料の多重反射法赤外分光スペクトルを測定した。測定に際しては、赤外分光装置(パーキンエルマー製スペクトラムワン)を用いた。
・溶媒浸漬法を応用した方法(付着量が0.001mg/cm2未満の場合に適用)
まず、上記3)で説明した溶媒浸漬法を実施して、中間層樹脂の付着総量を求めた。
作製直後の燃料電池隔膜と燃料電池用隔膜−触媒電極接合体とを用い、JISK−5400のXカットテープ法に準拠し、テープ剥離試験を行った。テープ剥離後、陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜上に残った接着層又は電極層を、目視で観測し、10点法により評価した。この結果を、作製直後の接合性とした。
燃料電池用隔膜−触媒電極接合体を、厚みが200μmであり、空孔率が80%のカーボンペーパーで挟み込み、図1に示す構造の燃料電池セルに組み込んだ。次いで、燃料電池セル温度を30℃に設定し、大気圧で加湿温度30℃の水素と空気をそれぞれ200ml/min、500ml/minの流量で燃料室と酸化剤室とにそれぞれ供給して発電試験を行なった。電流密度0A/cm2、0.2A/cm2におけるセルの端子電圧を測定した。
燃料電池用隔膜−触媒電極接合体を、厚みが200μmであり、空孔率が80%のカーボンペーパーで挟み込み、図1に示す構造の燃料電池セルに組み込んだ。次いで、燃料電池セル温度を30℃に設定し、燃料室に20質量%メタノール水溶液を1ml/minの流量で供給し、酸化剤室には大気圧の酸素を200ml/minで供給して発電試験を行った。電流密度0A/cm2、0.1A/cm2におけるセルの端子電圧を測定した。
上記の燃料電池出力電圧の測定後、水素燃料型燃料電池は25℃、0.2A/cm2で、また、直接メタノール型燃料電池は25℃、0.1A/cm2で連続発電試験を行った。250時間後の出力電圧を測定し、燃料電池用隔膜−触媒電極接合体の発電性能の耐久性を評価した。
スチレン100質量部、ジビニルベンゼン10質量部(全重合性単量体中8.0モル%)、t−ブチルパーオキシエチルヘキサノエート5質量部よりなる単量体組成物を調整した。この単量体組成物に、ポリエチレン(PE、重量平均分子量25万)製の多孔質膜(膜厚25μm、空隙率37%、平均孔径0.03μm)を大気圧下、25℃で10分浸漬し、多孔質膜に単量体組成物を含浸させた。
製造例1の単量体組成物を表1に示す組成に変えた以外は製造例1と同様に操作して、陽イオン交換樹脂膜を得た。これら陽イオン交換樹脂膜のイオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚を測定した結果を表3に示した。
製造例4の陽イオン交換樹脂膜を室温で24時間乾燥した後、表2に示す陰イオン交換基を持つ重合性単量体を含む液状の単量体組成物中に、室温で30分浸漬した。
製造例1の陽イオン交換樹脂膜(プロトン型)の両表面に、スクリーン印刷法を用いて、スルホン化‐ポリスチレン‐ポリ(エチレン‐ブチレン)‐ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体の2質量%テトラヒドロフラン/1−プロパノール溶液をコートした。次いで25℃、大気圧下で2時間乾燥して、陽イオン交換樹脂膜の両面に接着層を有する本発明の燃料電池用隔膜を得た。得られた燃料電池用隔膜のカチオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、接着層厚みを測定した。結果を表5および表6に示した。
イオン交換樹脂膜及び接着層樹脂を表5に示したものに変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして燃料電池用隔膜を得た。これらの燃料電池用隔膜のカチオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、接着層の厚みを表6に示した。
製造例1で作成した陽イオン交換膜を、ポリ−4−ビニルピリジン(重量平均分子量16万)の0.2質量%メタノール溶液に室温で15分間浸漬し、次いで、25℃、大気圧下で16時間乾燥した。さらに、40℃、減圧下で5時間乾燥した。その後、乾燥した隔膜を、室温でメタノール中に30分間浸漬した。その後、メタノールを新たなメタノールに変えて、同様に浸漬を合計2回行った。次に、隔膜を室温で5時間乾燥して、中間層を形成した燃料電池用隔膜を得た。この中間層を形成した燃料電池隔膜に、実施例1に示す方法を用いて接着層をさらに形成し、本発明の中間層を有する燃料電池用隔膜を得た。作製した燃料電池用隔膜のカチオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、逆極性重合体の付着量を表6および表7に示した。
中間層樹脂溶液濃度、中間層樹脂種、接着層厚みを表5に示す様に変更した以外は、実施例10と同様に操作して燃料電池用隔膜を得た。これらの燃料電池用隔膜のカチオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、接着層の厚みを表6および表7に示した。
ポリエチレンイミンの水溶液を用いて中間層を形成したこと、及び水を用いて隔膜を洗浄したこと以外は、実施例11と同様に操作して燃料電池用隔膜を得た。これらの燃料電池用隔膜のカチオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、接着層の厚みを、表6および表7に示した。
製造例1の陽イオン交換膜に接着層を形成せずに、そのまま燃料電池用隔膜として用いた。実施例1と同様にして燃料電池用隔膜−触媒電極接合体を作製した。接合性、水素燃料型の燃料電池の出力電圧、耐久性を評価した。結果を表6に示した。
製造例1で製造した陽イオン交換膜に、実施例11と同様に操作して中間層のみを形成して、燃料電池用隔膜を作製した。燃料電池用隔膜のカチオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、接着層の厚みを表6および表7に示した。
接着層樹脂をスルホン化‐ポリエーテルエーテルケトン若しくはパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸(市販品A)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、燃料電池用隔膜を得た。これらの燃料電池用隔膜のカチオン交換容量、含水率、膜抵抗、膜厚、接着層の厚みを表6に示した。
Claims (7)
- 陽イオン交換基が炭化水素系樹脂に共有結合している炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜と、前記炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜の少なくとも一面に形成された接着層とからなり、前記接着層は25℃、60%RHにおけるヤング率が1〜300MPaで、かつ20℃の水に対して1質量%未満の溶解性を示す炭化水素系陽イオン交換性樹脂からなる固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜。
- 接着層が、20℃のメタノールに対して1質量%未満の溶解性を示す請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜。
- 接着層が、陽イオン交換基がスチレン系エラストマーに共有結合しているスチレン系軟質陽イオン交換樹脂からなる請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜。
- スチレン系エラストマーが、ポリスチレン−ポリアルキレン-ポリスチレントリブロック共重合体である請求項3に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜。
- 請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜において、炭化水素系陽イオン交換樹脂隔膜と接着層との間に炭化水素系陰イオン交換樹脂からなる中間層を有する固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜。
- 請求項1又は5に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜の少なくとも一面に触媒電極層を形成してなる膜-電極接合体。
- 固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜の両面に触媒電極層を形成してなる請求項6に記載の膜-電極接合体。
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US8012539B2 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2011-09-06 | Kraton Polymers U.S. Llc | Method for making sulfonated block copolymers, method for making membranes from such block copolymers and membrane structures |
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- 2007-10-25 WO PCT/JP2007/070777 patent/WO2008053770A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-10-25 KR KR1020097008542A patent/KR101401810B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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WO2008053770A1 (fr) | 2008-05-08 |
KR20090078331A (ko) | 2009-07-17 |
EP2096697A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
KR101401810B1 (ko) | 2014-05-29 |
EP2096697A4 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
US8507146B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
EP2096697B1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
US20090263699A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
JPWO2008053770A1 (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
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