WO2010064441A1 - NSAIDs誘発性消化管粘膜障害軽減剤及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
NSAIDs誘発性消化管粘膜障害軽減剤及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010064441A1 WO2010064441A1 PCT/JP2009/006603 JP2009006603W WO2010064441A1 WO 2010064441 A1 WO2010064441 A1 WO 2010064441A1 JP 2009006603 W JP2009006603 W JP 2009006603W WO 2010064441 A1 WO2010064441 A1 WO 2010064441A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7016—Disaccharides, e.g. lactose, lactulose
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/196—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino group being directly attached to a ring, e.g. anthranilic acid, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, chlorambucil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/5415—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. phenothiazine, chlorpromazine, piroxicam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/612—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid
- A61K31/616—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid by carboxylic acids, e.g. acetylsalicylic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- C07H3/04—Disaccharides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent that suppresses gastrointestinal mucosal damage.
- NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- analgesics antipyretics
- anti-inflammatory drugs anti-inflammatory drugs
- NSAIDs have a problem of causing gastric mucosal damage, although they have a favorable effect.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-343886 discloses that gastric mucosal damage caused by ibuprofen classified as NSAIDs is reduced by adding sugar (Patent Document 1). However, mixing and blending ibuprofen and sugar in a dry state is not sufficient to suppress gastric mucosal damage.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-139165 discloses that gastric mucosal damage is reduced by combining NSAIDs such as loxoprofen and sugar (Patent Document 2). However, the effect of inhibiting gastric mucosal damage by mixing and blending NSAIDs and sugar in a dry state is not sufficient. JP 2005-343886 A JP 2005-139165 A
- An object of the present invention is to provide an NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent that reduces gastrointestinal mucosal damage caused by NSAIDs.
- the present invention is based on the discovery of an intermolecular compound of NSAIDs, which are novel substances, and disaccharides. And as demonstrated by the Examples, this intermolecular compound, which is a novel substance, can remarkably enhance the NSAIDs gastrointestinal mucosal disorder reducing action.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a drug, comprising the production process of this intermolecular compound.
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to a NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent that reduces the gastrointestinal mucosal damage induced by NSAIDs while exhibiting the anti-inflammatory action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- the agent of the present invention is produced, for example, by a production method including a mixing step for preparing a mixed solution in which disaccharides and NSAIDs are dissolved, and a drying step for drying the mixed solution. As shown in Examples to be described later, by producing in such a process, the NSAIDs digestive tract mucosal damage reducing action by disaccharides can be remarkably enhanced.
- An example of an NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent is an NSAIDs-induced gastric mucosal disorder reducing agent.
- the agent of the present invention produced by such a production method has an interaction between molecules.
- the agent of the present invention (co-dissolved dry product) effectively reduces gastrointestinal mucosal damage caused by NSAIDs more than a mixture of disaccharides and NSAIDs (powder mixture). That is, the agent of the present invention produced by the above production method has an intermolecular interaction (forms an intermolecular bond) between the disaccharide and the NSAIDs, whereby the disaccharide prevents gastrointestinal mucosal damage of NSADIs. It can be effectively reduced.
- the NSAIDs of the present invention are preferably acidic NSAIDs.
- NSAIDs are aspirin, sodium salicylate, salicylamide, sazapyrine, diflunisal, ethenamide, aspirin aluminum, 5-aminosalicylic acid, indomethacin, etodolac, diclofenac sodium, sulindac, ampenac sodium, progouritacin maleate, acemetacin, nabumetone, Mofezolac, ibuprofen, naproxen, loxoprofen, flurbiprofen, flurbiprofen axetyl, oxaprozin, thiaprofenic acid, pranoprofen, aluminoprofen, zaltoprofen, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, aluminum flufenamic acid, ketophenylbutazone, Clophezone, Bucolome
- NSAIDs contain any one or 2 or more of aspirin, indomethacin, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, piroxicam, loxoprofen, or mefenamic acid.
- one or more of trehalose, maltose, lactose and sucrose is used as the disaccharide.
- Trehalose is preferred as the disaccharide.
- the agent for reducing NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder is: It is a tablet, granule, or capsule.
- the disaccharide and NSAIDs once co-dissolved are dried to form a tablet, granule, or capsule, whereby the disaccharide and the NSAIDs are preferably bound by intermolecular interaction. Therefore, by using such a dosage form, it is possible to obtain an excellent NSAIDs gastrointestinal mucosal disorder reducing effect.
- the NSAIDs are indomethacin, and the disaccharide is trehalose.
- the intermolecular compound has the peak of the first peak and the second peak of the DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measured at 80 to 95 ° C. and 260 to 270 ° C., respectively. It is preferable that it exists.
- the NSAIDs are ibuprofen and the disaccharide is trehalose.
- the intermolecular compound has a peak of the third peak and the fourth peak of the DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measured at 175 to 190 ° C. and 130 to 145 ° C., respectively. It is preferable that it exists.
- the NSAIDs are aspirin and the disaccharide is trehalose.
- the intermolecular compound has the peak of the first peak and the second peak of the DSC curve obtained by measurement by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 110 to 120 ° C. and 135 to 145 ° C., respectively. It is preferable that it exists.
- the NSAIDs are diclofenac sodium and the disaccharide is trehalose.
- the intermolecular compound has the peak of the first peak and the second peak of the DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measured at 90 to 100 ° C. and 130 to 145 ° C., respectively. It is preferable that it exists.
- the NSAIDs are mefenamic acid and the disaccharide is trehalose.
- the intermolecular compound has the peak of the first peak and the second peak of the DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measured at 225 to 235 ° C. and 90 to 110 ° C., respectively. Exists. Further, the absolute values (DSC measurement values) of the vertices of the first peak and the second peak are peaks existing at 90 to 110 ° C. and 225 to 235 ° C. of the DSC curve of the mefenamic acid obtained by measurement by DSC. It is preferable that it is larger than the absolute value of the vertex.
- the NSAIDs are piroxicam and the disaccharide is trehalose.
- the intermolecular compound has the peaks of the first peak and the second peak of the DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 90 to 105 ° C and 195 to 205 ° C. To do. Furthermore, the absolute value of the peak of the first peak and the peak of the second peak is larger than the absolute value of the peak peak existing at 90 to 105 ° C. and 195 to 205 ° C. of the DSC curve of piroxicam obtained by DSC measurement. It is preferable that it is small.
- a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention is to reduce NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage, which reduces the gastrointestinal mucosal damage induced by the NSAIDs while exerting the anti-inflammatory action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an agent.
- the production method of the present invention includes a mixing step for producing a mixed solution in which a disaccharide and the NSAIDs are dissolved, and a drying step for drying the mixed solution. As shown in the examples described later, by producing in such a process, it is possible to produce an agent capable of dramatically enhancing the NSAIDs gastrointestinal mucosal disorder reducing action by disaccharides.
- the NSAIDs of the present invention are preferably acidic NSAIDs.
- NSAIDs are: aspirin, sodium salicylate, salicylamide, sazapyrine, diflunisal, ethenamide, aspirin aluminum, 5-aminosalicylic acid, indomethacin, etodolac, diclofenac sodium, sulindac, ampenac sodium, progouritacin maleate, acemetacin, nabumetone, mofezolac, Ibuprofen, naproxen, loxoprofen, flurbiprofen, flurbiprofen axetil, oxaprozin, thiaprofenic acid, pranoprofen, aluminoprofen, zaltoprofen, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, aluminum flufenamic acid, ketophenylbutazone, clofesone, Bucolome,
- the NSAIDs preferably contain any one or more of aspirin, indomethacin, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, piroxicam, loxoprofen, or mefenamic acid.
- an agent for reducing NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage that can reduce gastrointestinal mucosal damage caused by NSAIDs without impairing the effects of NSAIDs.
- FIG. 1 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the ulcer index (mm 2 ) when each test substance is administered.
- FIG. 2 is a graph instead of a drawing showing rat ulcer index (mm 2 ) at the time of administration of indomethacin alone, indomethacin / trehalose mixed, or indomethacin / trehalose freeze-dried.
- FIG. 3 is a graph instead of a drawing showing rat ulcer index (mm 2 ) at the time of administration of aspirin alone, aspirin / trehalose mixed, or aspirin / trehalose freeze-dried.
- FIG. 1 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the ulcer index (mm 2 ) when each test substance is administered.
- FIG. 2 is a graph instead of a drawing showing rat ulcer index (mm 2 ) at the time of administration of indomethacin alone, indomethacin / trehalose mixed, or indomethacin / trehalose
- FIG. 4 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the rat ulcer index (mm 2 ) upon administration of diclofenac alone, diclofenac / trehalose mixed, or diclofenac / trehalose freeze-dried.
- FIG. 5 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the gastric mucosal disorder action effect in a freeze-dried state and a mixed state.
- FIG. 5A is a graph replaced with a drawing showing cell viability.
- FIG. 5B is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the cell mortality rate.
- FIG. 6 is a graph replaced with a drawing showing DSC results of trehalose alone, indomethacin alone, indomethacin / trehalose mixed, or indomethacin / trehalose lyophilized.
- FIG. 7 is a graph instead of a drawing showing DSC results of trehalose alone, ibuprofen alone, ibuprofen / trehalose mixed, or ibuprofen / trehalose freeze-dried.
- FIG. 8 is a graph instead of a drawing showing DSC results of trehalose alone, aspirin alone, aspirin / trehalose mixed, or aspirin / trehalose lyophilized.
- FIG. 7 is a graph instead of a drawing showing DSC results of trehalose alone, ibuprofen alone, ibuprofen / trehalose mixed, or ibuprofen / trehalose freeze-dried.
- FIG. 8
- FIG. 9 is a graph instead of a drawing showing DSC results of trehalose alone, diclofenac alone, diclofenac / trehalose mixed, or diclofenac / trehalose freeze-dried.
- FIG. 10 is a graph instead of a drawing showing DSC results of trehalose alone, piroxicam alone, piroxicam / trehalose mixed, or piroxicam / trehalose lyophilized.
- FIG. 11 is a graph instead of a drawing showing DSC results of trehalose alone, mefenamic acid alone, mefenamic acid / trehalose mixed, or mefenamic acid / trehalose freeze-dried.
- FIG. 10 is a graph instead of a drawing showing DSC results of trehalose alone, piroxicam alone, piroxicam / trehalose mixed, or piroxicam / trehalose freeze-dried.
- FIG. 11 is a graph instead of
- FIG. 12 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the results of measuring the ulcer area when maltose, sucrose, and lactose were each lyophilized with aspirin to form an intermolecular compound.
- FIG. 13 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the results of measuring the ulcer area when maltose and lactose were freeze-dried with diclofenac to form an intermolecular compound.
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to a NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent containing disaccharides and NSAIDs.
- the agent of the present invention is produced by, for example, a production method including a mixing step for producing a mixed solution in which disaccharides and NSAIDs are co-dissolved and a drying step for drying the mixed solution.
- NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agents are drugs that can reduce gastrointestinal mucosal disorders induced by NSAIDs while exerting the anti-inflammatory action of NSAIDs.
- the agent of the present invention preferably has an intermolecular interaction between disaccharides and NSAIDs.
- the agent of the present invention preferably contains an effective amount of a disaccharide to reduce gastrointestinal mucosal damage of NSAIDs. That is, disaccharides that form an intermolecular interaction with NSAIDs are active ingredients for reducing NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage.
- NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorders include gastric mucosal pathological changes (eg, sputum, ulcer, edema, etc.) induced by NSAIDs, as well as the duodenum, which is the proximal part of the stomach. And disorders of the small and large intestines. That is, in this specification, the digestive tract includes the stomach, duodenum, small intestine and large intestine. NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal perforation of the small intestine.
- the NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent of the present invention is also effective for reducing gastrointestinal perforation of the small intestine caused by NSAIDs.
- the present invention can be best used for gastric mucosal disorders. That is, the most effective use mode of the NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury reducing agent of the present invention is an NSAIDs-induced gastric mucosal injury reducing agent.
- disaccharides examples include maltose, sucrose, cellobiose, lactose, and trehalose.
- maltose, sucrose, lactose, and trehalose are preferable, and trehalose is particularly preferable.
- Trehalose is a disaccharide in which two molecules of D-glucose are bound.
- the preparation method, purity, and properties are not limited as long as one or more of these isomers are contained in an effective amount as a whole. , Commercially available products can be used as appropriate
- NSAIDs non-stereoidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- the agent of the present invention both acidic NSAIDs and basic NSAIDs can be used.
- the NSAIDs of the present invention are preferably acidic NSAIDs.
- the NSAIDs of the present invention are more preferably carboxylic acid type.
- the agent of the present invention may contain one or more NSAIDs. When two or more types of NSAIDs are included, two or more types of the same classification (for example, salicylic acid type NSAIDs) may be included, or two types of other classifications (for example, salicylic acid type NSAIDs and arylacetic acid type NSAIDs) may be included. The above may be included.
- Such NSAIDs may be produced by a known method, or commercially available products may be used as appropriate.
- NSAIDs can be classified as salicylic acid, arylacetic acid, propionic acid, fenamic acid, enolic acid, and basic NSAIDs.
- salicylic acid-based NSAIDs are aspirin, sodium salicylate, salicylamide, sazapyrine, diflunisal, etenzamide, aspirin aluminum, and 5-aminosalicylic acid.
- arylacetic acid-based NSAIDs examples include indomethacin, etodolac, diclofenac sodium, sulindac, ampenac sodium, progouritacin maleate, acemetacin, nabumetone, and mofezolac.
- propionic acid-based NSAIDs examples include ibuprofen, naproxen, loxoprofen, flurbiprofen, flurbiprofen axetyl, oxaprozin, thiaprofenic acid, pranoprofen, aluminoprofen, and zaltoprofen.
- fenamic acid-based NSAIDs examples include mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, and aluminum flufenamic acid.
- Examples of enolic acid-based NSAIDs are pyrazolone-based, pyrimidine-based, and oxicam-based NSAIDs.
- Examples of pyrazolone-based NSAIDs are ketophenylbutazone and clofaezone.
- An example of pyrimidine-based NSAIDs is bucolome.
- Examples of oxicam-based NSAIDs are piroxicam, lornoxicam, tenoxicam, meloxicam, and ampiroxicam.
- Examples of basic NSAIDs are epilysole, thiaramide, and elmofazone.
- the agent of the present invention is considered to cause intermolecular bonds due to intermolecular interactions.
- An intermolecular bond means that two or more molecules are bonded to each other. Examples of such intermolecular bonds include ionic bonds, complex bonds, hydrophobic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals bonds.
- the agent of the present invention having such characteristics can be produced by the method described later. It can be examined using a known method that the NSAIDs and disaccharides contained in the produced agent have an intermolecular interaction.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- FTIR Fastier transform infrared spectroscopy
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- the agent of the present invention may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or medium.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle include pharmaceutically acceptable substances such as stabilizers, antioxidants, and preservatives.
- a polymer material such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or a conjugated compound such as cyclodextrin can be used.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- Stabilizers include albumin, gelatin, sorbitol, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose and the like.
- Antioxidants include sodium sulfite, ascorbic acid, tocophenol, cysteine hydrochloride, thioglycolic acid, catechol and the like.
- Preservatives include phenol, thimerosal, benzalkonium chloride and the like.
- the agent of the present invention can be produced by using a production method including a mixing step for producing a mixed solution in which disaccharides and NSAIDs are co-dissolved and a drying step for drying the mixed solution.
- a drying step for drying the mixed solution examples include a freeze drying process, a fluidized bed granulation drying process, a spray drying process, and a dry pulverization granulation process.
- powder NSAIDs and powder disaccharides are mixed to produce a powder agent.
- the NSAIDs solution and the disaccharide solution are mixed, or the NSAIDs powder and the disaccharide powder, respectively, or the powder mixture containing the NSAIDs powder and the disaccharide powder are stirred and dissolved in the solution.
- the mixed solution immediately after the NSAIDs solution and the disaccharide solution are mixed instantaneously does not sufficiently exhibit the NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder inhibiting action by the disaccharide. This is thought to be because disaccharides and NSAIDs do not form sufficient intermolecular bonds.
- NSAIDs and disaccharides are dared to be mixed once to generate an interaction, and then the mixed solution is dried to obtain an NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury reducing action by disaccharides.
- the agent manufactured with such a manufacturing method has an intermolecular interaction so that it may mention later. That is, the agent manufactured by such a manufacturing method has an intermolecular interaction between disaccharides and NSAIDs.
- the agent of the present invention is dispersed in the disaccharide in a state having an intermolecular interaction contained in the molecules of NSAIDs, so that NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage can be preferably reduced. it can.
- the mixing step is a step of preparing a mixed solution in which disaccharides and NSAIDs are co-dissolved.
- a solution for co-dissolving disaccharides and NSAIDs known solutions used for preparations such as water, distilled water, ion-exchanged water, MilliQ water, and physiological saline can be used.
- the mixed solution may be prepared by mixing a disaccharide solution and NSAIDs solution separately dissolved in advance; or mixing and dissolving the powdered other in a solution in which one of disaccharides or NSAIDs is dissolved; Powdered disaccharides and NSAIDs may be added to the solution and mixed and dissolved.
- NSAIDs which are difficult to dissolve after dissolving once with ethanol or the like, it may be mixed with a solution to be co-dissolved.
- the weight ratio of NSAIDs to disaccharides in the mixed solution is 1 ⁇ 10 2 : 1 to 1: 1 ⁇ 10 2 , preferably 1 ⁇ 10: 1 to 1: 5 ⁇ 10, more preferably 1: 1: 1 to 1: 1 ⁇ 30.
- the concentration of the disaccharide in the mixed solution when producing the agent of the present invention is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 5 ⁇ 10 wt%, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 0 to 4.5 ⁇ 10 wt%. More preferably, it is 1 ⁇ 10 to 4 ⁇ 10 wt%.
- the freeze-drying step is a step of sublimating water from a frozen sample under reduced pressure.
- a freeze-drying process is performed in the following processes. (1) Place the sample (mixed solution) at room temperature of 4 ° C. and normal pressure for 2 to 3 hours and cool (cooling step). (2) Place at room temperature-50 ° C. under normal pressure for 12-15 hours and freeze (freezing step). (3) Crystallize at room temperature-20 ° C under normal pressure for 4-6 hours. (Crystallization step). (4) Place at room temperature-50 ° C. under normal pressure for 14-16 hours and refreeze (refreezing step). (5) Place at room temperature-13 ° C. and pressure 10-20 kPa (high vacuum) for 24-26 hours (first drying step).
- the freeze-drying method involves freezing at low temperature and sublimating moisture (ice) under high vacuum.
- the freeze-dried product of the present invention can be produced by the above method.
- the present invention is not limited to the above steps, and those skilled in the art can appropriately change parameters such as temperature, pressure, and time of each step.
- the fluidized bed granulation drying method is a method of granulating and drying while flowing a sample containing moisture by applying warm air. You may manufacture a fluidized-bed granulation dried material using a well-known fluidized-bed granulation dryer.
- the agent of the present invention can be produced by the following steps. (1) While stirring the sample (mixed solution), warm air at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C. and a wind speed of 1 to 2 m / s is applied for 10 to 30 minutes (substantially drying step). (2) The sample is heated at a temperature of 20 to 50 ° C. and a wind speed of 2 to 3 m / s for 30 minutes to 1 hour (granulation step).
- Examples of the dosage form for producing the agent of the present invention using a fluidized granulation drying process include tablets, granules, troches, and capsules. Tablets, granules, or lozenges can be produced by compression-molding an agent granulated by a wet granulation method using a known compression method. Capsules can be manufactured by filling tablets or granules.
- the size of each dosage form is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted by those skilled in the art depending on the content of disaccharides and NSAIDs.
- the agent of the present invention can effectively reduce NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage by binding between NSAIDs and disaccharides by intermolecular bonds. Therefore, the agent of the present invention is preferably the above-mentioned dosage form in which NSAIDs and disaccharide are bound.
- the spray drying (spray drying) process is a method in which a sample solution is sprayed with hot air from a nozzle having a small hole diameter to form fine droplets in a chamber and dried in a short time.
- the spray-dried product may be manufactured using a known spray dryer (spray dryer).
- the agent of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following steps. (1) A sample (mixed solution) is fed into a chamber with hot air at 100 to 300 ° C. from a nozzle with a hole diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm at an air pressure of 0.5 to 2.5 kg / m 2 and a flow rate of 25 to 50 L / min. Spray (spraying process).
- the sprayed sample is dried with hot air at a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C. and a speed of 0.5 to 1 m / s for 30 seconds to 5 minutes (drying process).
- the spray drying method is a method in which dry granulation is performed by applying hot air to minute droplets formed by spraying a sample into a high temperature chamber.
- the agent of this invention can be manufactured by the said method.
- the present invention is not limited to the above steps, and those skilled in the art can appropriately change parameters such as temperature and time of each step.
- the dry pulverization granulation method is a method for obtaining a granulated product by drying a sample containing moisture and then pulverizing it.
- the agent of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following steps. (1) The sample (mixed solution) is stirred for 1 to 5 hours at a stirring speed of 10 to 100 / min while applying hot air of 50 to 80 ° C. (drying step). (2) Apply a cold air of 5 to 15 ° C. to the dried sample to cool it (cooling process). (3) The cooled sample is pulverized with a pulverizer (pulverization step). (4) The crushed sample is sieved with a sieve of a predetermined size (sieving step).
- the dry pulverization granulation method is a method for producing particles of a desired size by pulverizing a sample once produced as a large lump.
- the agent of this invention can be manufactured by the said method.
- the present invention is not limited to the above steps, and those skilled in the art can appropriately change parameters such as temperature and time of each step.
- the intermolecular compound of disaccharide and NSAIDs can be produced by melt-mixing at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of disaccharide and NSAIDs under anaerobic conditions.
- the effect of reducing gastrointestinal mucosal damage by NSAIDs was most excellent with the intermolecular compounds obtained by the above-mentioned production method.
- melt mixing may be appropriately performed using a known apparatus.
- An example of an apparatus for performing melt mixing is a stirring apparatus. That is, an intermolecular compound crystal can be obtained by stirring the mixed solution at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting points of saccharides and NSAIDs, and stopping the stirring after a predetermined time and performing stationary crystallization. A highly purified intermolecular compound can be obtained by dissolving the obtained crystal, stirring, and repeating stationary crystallization.
- melt mixing is performed under anaerobic conditions. Specifically, melt mixing is performed in the presence of nitrogen or an inert gas.
- inert gases are noble gases, and examples of noble gases are helium, neon, argon, and krypton. When using a rare gas, it is preferable to use argon.
- the melt mixing may be performed under atmospheric pressure, under reduced pressure, or under high pressure.
- a known catalyst may be used for the melt mixing.
- the intermolecular compound of disaccharide and NSAIDs can be produced not only by the above production method but also by a method of melting the disaccharide and NSAIDs by contact.
- the intermolecular compound obtained by the production method explained first was the most excellent in reducing the gastrointestinal mucosal damage caused by NSAIDs.
- the crystals of disaccharides and NSAIDs can be melted by contact.
- the twin crystal furnace two different seed crystals and the contact part of the crystal as a raw material are locally melted, the seed crystal is grown by moving the template, and the boundary (grain boundary) where the seed crystals contact each other is arbitrarily set.
- the contact melting method is a method in which the disaccharide and NSAIDs crystals are pulverized for a long time, the contact portions of the crystals are locally dissolved, and an intermolecular compound of the disaccharides and NSAIDs is grown. .
- the agent containing the disaccharide of the present invention and NSAIDs produced as described above has anti-inflammatory action, analgesic action, antipyretic action, etc. possessed by NSAIDs.
- the agent containing the disaccharide and NSAIDs of the present invention reduces gastrointestinal mucosal damage caused by NSAIDs. It can be suitably used as a preventive method. That is, the present invention also provides a therapeutic method or a preventive method of administering an NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent containing a disaccharide having an intermolecular interaction and NSAIDs to a subject.
- the preferable example of the NSAIDs induction gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviation agent containing NSAIDs which have intermolecular interaction and disaccharide is obtained by the freeze-drying process or the wet granulation process as demonstrated previously.
- NSAIDs generally have irritation such as sourness and bitterness, and have an unpleasant taste when taken (orally administered).
- a disaccharide that is a sweetener and NSAIDs have an intermolecular interaction. Therefore, the irritation of NSAIDs is alleviated by the disaccharide. Thereby, the taste of tablets containing NSAIDs, particularly granules, can be remarkably improved. Therefore, it becomes easy to take tablets containing NSAIDs, particularly granules.
- the disaccharide has an antioxidant action, the chemical stability of NSAIDs can be enhanced.
- the agent produced by the above production method is mainly used for oral administration.
- the agent of the present invention can also be used for parenteral administration.
- the agent of the present invention may be taken with a pharmaceutically acceptable solution such as water.
- parenteral administration include injection administration.
- the agent of the present invention may be dissolved in a predetermined pharmaceutically acceptable solution so as to obtain a desired concentration.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable solution may be a known solution that can be used as an injection solution. Examples of the injection solution include water for injection, physiological saline, and glucose solution.
- the dose varies depending on the subject, age, and symptoms.
- the daily dose is 10 mg to 1000 mg per individual as an active ingredient of NSAIDs, preferably 100 mg to 500 mg.
- the agent of the present invention is preferably administered by dividing the daily dose into 2 to 5 times. By administering multiple doses, rapid fluctuations in blood drug concentration can be avoided, reducing side effects and reducing the burden on patients.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the use of NSAIDs and disaccharides in order to produce an NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent. That is, the present invention also provides the use of NSAIDs and disaccharides for producing an NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent. The present invention also provides the use of NSAIDs having an intermolecular bond and disaccharides for producing an NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviating agent. And the preferable example of NSAIDs and disaccharides which have an intermolecular bond is what was obtained by freeze-drying or wet granulation method as demonstrated previously. And in use of this NSAIDs, you may use NSAIDs shown previously suitably combining 1 type (s) or 2 or more types.
- NSAIDs As test substances NSAIDs, aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium were used. Aspirin, indomethacin, and ibuprofen were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, and diclofenac sodium was purchased from Cayman. Trehalose was manufactured by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratory, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC • Na) was manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku.
- CMC • Na carboxymethylcellulose sodium
- Trehalose Lyophilized Product
- Trehalose was adjusted to a 30% (w / v) solution with purified water (MilliQ grade (milliQ water)).
- Various NSAIDs are dissolved in appropriate amounts with ethyl alcohol (99.5%), mixed with a trehalose solution at a desired ratio, and sufficiently stirred, and then a freeze dryer (Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd., EYELA freeze dryer, It was dried for 48 hours or more using FDU-1100).
- Trehalose was dissolved in milliQ water to prepare a 30 w / v% trehalose solution.
- An appropriate amount of milliQ water was added so that the final ethyl alcohol concentration was 10% or less (preferably 5% or less).
- a freeze dryer (Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd., EYELA freeze dryer, FDU-1100) was applied and dried for 48 hours or more.
- Each test substance was prepared by suspending or dissolving in a 0.5% CMC / Na solution on the test day.
- the administration volume was 9 mL / kg body weight orally, and the same amount of 0.5% CMC / Na solution was administered to the control group.
- test substance was orally administered on the day of fasting from 11:00 on the day before the test, and 5 hours later, it was lethal with carbon dioxide gas and the stomach was removed.
- the duodenum was ligated, 6 mL of neutral formalin was injected from the esophagus, and fixed in a neutral formalin solution for 30 minutes.
- the stomach was cut along the large vagina, washed lightly with physiological saline, and observed for the presence of bleeding spots under a stereomicroscope.
- the ulcer index the area of bleeding spots was measured in units of 0.5 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm, and the total of each animal was determined. Based on the ulcer index in each test substance alone administration group and the ulcer index in the trehalose combination group, the ulcer inhibition rate was calculated from the following equation.
- Test results Table 1 and FIG. 1 show the results of the ulcer suppression rate of the obtained trehalose combined army.
- FIG. 1 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the ulcer index (mm 2 ) when each test substance is administered alone or when various NSAIDs freeze-dried with trehalose are administered.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 1 shows the administered test substance.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 1 represents the ulcer area.
- indomethacin alone (30 mg / kg) showed an ulcer of 4.83 ⁇ 0.90 (average value of 10 cases ⁇ standard error) mm 2
- indomethacin and trehalose indomethacin 30 mg / kg, trehalose 800 mg / kg
- the ulcer area was 2.98 ⁇ 0.54 (average value of 10 cases ⁇ standard error) mm 2
- the ulcer suppression rate was It was 38.8%.
- Trehalose was prepared as a 30% (w / v) solution with purified water (MilliQ grade (milliQ water)).
- Various NSAIDs are dissolved in appropriate amounts in ethyl alcohol (99.5%), mixed with a trehalose solution at a desired ratio, and after sufficient stirring, a freeze dryer (Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd., EYELA freeze dryer, FDU) -1100) for 48 hours or more.
- the administered drug solution was prepared on the day of the study.
- NSAIDs single administration group, weighed NSAIDs were suspended or dissolved in a 0.5% CMC / Na solution, and in the mixed administration group of NSAIDs and trehalose solution, a suspension containing only NSAIDs and a solution containing only trehalose were dissolved. They were individually adjusted and mixed in equal amounts immediately before administration.
- the lyophilized product of trehalose and NSAIDs was mixed in advance at a predetermined ratio and lyophilized, and a fixed amount was weighed, and a 0.5% CMC / Na solution was added to prepare a drug solution.
- the amount of the administered drug solution was 8 mL per 1 kg rat.
- Animals Wistar male rats (Japan SLC), 8 weeks old, were purchased and placed in 2 to 3 rat breeding gauges at a temperature of 20 to 26 ° C and humidity of 30 to 70%, feed (CE-2 for breeding mice and rats) and water Breeding was done by freely ingesting tap water through a filter. After 7 days of pre-breeding, 5-10 animals per group were used in the experiment. Fasting was performed 24 hours before the test, and water was further stopped 1 hour before the test.
- test substance was orally administered to an animal fasted from 11:00 on the day before the test, and 5 hours later, it was lethal with carbon dioxide gas and the stomach was removed.
- the duodenum was ligated, 6 mL of neutral formalin was injected from the esophagus, and fixed in a neutral formalin solution for 30 minutes.
- the stomach was cut along the large fistula, washed gently with physiological saline, and then observed for bleeding spots under a stereomicroscope.
- the ulcer index As the ulcer index, the area of bleeding spots was measured in units of 0.5 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm, and the total of each animal was determined. Based on the ulcer index in each test substance alone administration group and the ulcer index in the trehalose combination group, the ulcer inhibition rate was calculated from the following equation.
- Test results Table 2 shows the rat ulcer index when administered with indomethacin alone or in combination with trehalose (mixed or lyophilized).
- Table 3 shows the rat ulcer area when administered with aspirin alone or with trehalose (mixed or lyophilized).
- Table 4 shows the rat ulcer area at the time of administration of diclofenac alone or in combination with trehalose (mixed or lyophilized).
- ulcer index mm 2
- indomethacin, aspirin, or diclofenac is administered are shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a graph instead of a drawing showing rat ulcer index (mm 2 ) at the time of administration of indomethacin alone, indomethacin / trehalose mixed, or indomethacin / trehalose freeze-dried.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 2 shows the administered test substance.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 2 represents the ulcer area.
- indomethacin alone (30 mg / kg)
- ulcers of 4.83 ⁇ 0.90 (average value ⁇ standard error of 10 cases) mm 2
- indomethacin / trehalose mixture indomethacin 30 mg / kg
- trehalose 800 mg / kg administration group had an ulcer area of 4.15 ⁇ 0.86 (average value of 5 cases ⁇ standard error) mm 2 and an ulcer suppression rate of 14.0%.
- FIG. 3 is a graph instead of a drawing showing rat ulcer index (mm 2 ) at the time of administration of aspirin alone, aspirin / trehalose mixed, or aspirin / trehalose freeze-dried.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 3 shows the administered test substance.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 3 represents the ulcer area.
- * indicates that there is a significant difference.
- FIG. 4 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the rat ulcer index (mm) when administered with diclofenac alone, mixed with diclofenac / trehalose, or lyophilized with diclofenac / trehalose.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 4 shows the administered test substance.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 4 represents the ulcer area.
- P of FIG. 4 shows a rejection rate.
- diclofenac When diclofenac was administered alone (40 mg / kg), an ulcer of 4.30 ⁇ 0.71 (average value of 10 patients ⁇ standard error) mm 2 was observed, whereas diclofenac / trehalose mixed (diclofenac 40 mg / kg) (kg, trehalose 800 mg / kg) administration group had an ulcer area of 4.20 ⁇ 1.11 (average value of 5 cases ⁇ standard error) mm 2 and an ulcer suppression rate of 2.3%.
- FIG. 5 is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the gastric mucosal disorder action effect in a freeze-dried state and a mixed state.
- FIG. 5A is a graph replaced with a drawing showing cell viability. The vertical axis of FIG. 5A indicates the cell survival rate (%), and the higher the value, the more cells are alive.
- FIG. 5B is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the cell mortality rate. The vertical axis of FIG. 5B indicates the cell death rate (%), and the higher the value, the more cells are dead. Thus, the higher the cell survival rate and the lower the cell mortality rate, the more diclofenac-induced cytotoxicity is suppressed.
- FIGS. 6 shows indomethacin
- FIG. 7 shows ibuprofen
- FIG. 8 shows aspirin
- FIG. 9 shows diclofenac
- FIG. 10 shows piroxicam
- FIG. 11 shows the DSC results of mefenamic acid.
- “mixed” indicates the DSC measurement result of the mixture of trehalose and NSAIDs.
- “freeze-dried” indicates DSC measurement results of freeze-dried products of trehalose and NSAIDs.
- the vertical axis indicates the heat flow per unit mole (W / mol) for trehalose alone or NSAIDs alone, and mixing or lyophilization indicates the heat flow per unit mole of trehalose amount (W / mol).
- the horizontal axis indicates the temperature (degrees Celsius).
- the peak obtained by mixing NSAIDs and trehalose is close to the peak obtained by adding the peaks of NSAIDs alone and trehalose alone.
- the 120 ° C. peak derived from trehalose disappeared or shifted to a lower or higher temperature than 120 ° C. This indicates that there is an interaction between NSAIDs and trehalose.
- the mixture of indomethacin and trehalose has a first peak at 98 to 102 ° C., a second peak at 190 to 210 ° C., and a third peak at 115 to 125 ° C. It became clear to do.
- the first peak refers to the highest peak in the DSC curve (a peak with a large absolute value of the DSC measurement value).
- the result of this mixture almost coincides with the peak of the DSC curve of trehalose alone.
- the lyophilized product of indomethacin and trehalose has a first peak at 80 to 95 ° C and a second peak at 260 to 270 ° C.
- the mixture of ibuprofen and trehalose has a first peak at 98-102 ° C., a second peak at 70-80 ° C., a third peak at 190-210 ° C., and 115-125 ° C. It was revealed that there was a fourth peak.
- the results of this mixture are in close agreement with the DSC curve peaks of trehalose alone and ibuprofen alone.
- the lyophilized product of indomethacin and trehalose has a first peak at 98-102 ° C, a second peak at 70-80 ° C, a third peak at 175-190 ° C, and a fourth peak at 130-145 ° C.
- the mixture of mefenamic acid and trehalose has a first peak at 98 to 102 ° C., a second peak at 225 to 235 ° C., and a third peak at 190 to 210 ° C. It became clear. In contrast, it was revealed that the lyophilized product of mefenamic acid and trehalose had a first peak at 225 to 235 ° C. and a second peak at 90 to 110 ° C.
- the absolute value of the peak of the first peak and the second peak of the lyophilizate (the absolute value of the DSC measurement value) is the peak peak of 225 to 235 ° C. and 90 to 110 ° C. in the DSC curve of mefenamic acid alone.
- the mixture of piroxicam and trehalose has a first peak at 98 to 102 ° C., a second peak at 225 to 235 ° C., and a third peak at 190 to 210 ° C. Became clear.
- the lyophilized product of piroxicam and trehalose was found to have a first peak at 90 to 105 ° C and a second peak at 195 to 205 ° C.
- the absolute value of the peak of the 1st peak of a freeze-dried material and a 2nd peak is larger than the absolute value of the peak peak of 90-105 degreeC and 195-205 degreeC in the DSC curve of piroxicam alone.
- the DSC results differ between the mixture and the lyophilized product, and the DSC results of piroxicam alone and the lyophilized product also differ.
- the DSC results of piroxicam alone and the lyophilized product also differ.
- the peak obtained by mixing NSAIDs and trehalose is close to the peak obtained by adding the peaks of NSAIDs alone and trehalose alone.
- the 120 ° C. peak derived from trehalose disappeared or shifted to a lower or higher temperature than 120 ° C. This indicates that there is an interaction between NSAIDs and trehalose.
- the agent containing trehalose and NSAIDs of the present invention has an intermolecular interaction (intermolecular bond) between trehalose and NSAIDs, thereby preventing gastrointestinal mucosal damage such as gastric mucosal damage that can be induced by NSAIDs. Can be reduced. Therefore, it was shown that the agent of the present invention has an action for reducing NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage.
- the ulcer area was measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that trehalose was replaced with maltose, sucrose, and lactose.
- maltose, sucrose, and lactose were lyophilized with aspirin to form intermolecular compounds.
- the results of measuring the ulcer area are shown in FIG. Comparing FIG. 3 and FIG. 12, it was found that aspirin can significantly suppress ulcers by forming an intermolecular compound with maltose, sucrose, or lactose.
- the ulcer area was measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that trehalose was replaced with maltose and lactose. Maltose and lactose were lyophilized with diclofenac to form intermolecular compounds. The results of measuring the ulcer area are shown in FIG. Comparing FIG. 4 with FIG. 13, it was found that diclofenac can significantly suppress ulcers by forming an intermolecular compound with maltose or lactose.
- the present invention can be used in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Abstract
Description
錠剤,顆粒剤,又はカプセル剤である。一度共溶解した二糖類とNSAIDsを乾燥し,錠剤,顆粒剤,又はカプセル剤とすることで,二糖類とNSAIDsが好適に分子間相互作用によって結合される。よって,このような剤形とすることで,優れたNSAIDs消化管粘膜障害軽減作用効果を得ることができる。
混合工程は,二糖類及びNSAIDsを共溶解した混合溶液をつくる工程である。二糖類及びNSAIDsを共溶解させる溶液としては,水,蒸留水,イオン交換水,MiliQ水,生理食塩水など製剤に用いられる公知の溶液を用いることができる。混合溶液は,あらかじめ別々に溶解させた二糖類溶液とNSAIDs溶液を混合してもよいし;二糖類又はNSAIDsの一方を溶解させた溶液に,粉末状の他方を混合・溶解させてもよく;溶液に粉末状の二糖類及びNSAIDsを加え混合・溶解させてもよい。また,溶けにくいNSAIDsを溶解させるために,エタノールなどで一度溶解した後,共溶解させる溶液に混合させてもよい。混合液におけるNSAIDsと二糖類の重量比は,1×102:1~1:1×102があげられ,好ましくは1×10:1~1:5×10であり,より好ましくは1:1~1:1×30である。本発明の剤を製造するときの混合溶液中の二糖類濃度は,1×10-2~5×10重量%があげられ,好ましくは,1×100~4.5×10重量%であり,より好ましくは,1×10~4×10重量%である。
凍結乾燥工程とは,減圧下で凍結状態の試料から水を昇華させる工程である。凍結乾燥工程は,以下の工程で行われる。(1)試料(混合溶液)を室温4℃,常圧下に2~3時間置き,冷却する(冷却工程)。(2)室温-50℃,常圧下に12~15時間置き,凍結させる(凍結工程)。(3)室温-20℃,常圧下に4~6時間置き結晶化させる。(結晶化工程)。(4)室温-50℃,常圧下に14~16時間置き,再凍結させる(再凍結工程)。(5)室温-13℃,圧力10~20kPa下(高真空下)に24~26時間置く(第1乾燥工程)。(6)室温24℃,圧力10~20kPa下(高真空下)に10~121時間置く(第2乾燥工程)。(7)室温24℃,常圧下に置く。このように凍結乾燥法では,低温で凍結させ,高真空下で水分(氷)を昇華させて除いていく。本発明の凍結乾燥物は,上記の方法で製造できる。しかし,上記工程に限定されるものではなく,当業者であれば,適宜各工程の温度,圧力,時間などのパラメータに変更を加えることができる。
流動層造粒乾燥法とは,水分を含む試料に温風を当てて流動させながら,造粒乾燥する方法である。流動層造粒乾燥物は,公知の流動層造粒乾燥機を用いて製造してもよい。本発明の剤は,以下の工程で製造することができる。(1)試料(混合溶液)を撹拌しながら,温度50~100℃,風速1~2m/sの温風を10~30分あてる(略乾燥工程)。(2)試料に温度20~50℃,風速2~3m/sの温風30分~1時間あてる(造粒工程)。(3)試料に温度50~100℃,風速1~2m/sの温風を30分~2時間あてる(乾燥工程)。(4)試料に温度5~20℃,風速1~2m/sの冷風を10~60分あてる(冷却工程)。このように流動造粒乾燥法では,試料に温風をあて,試料を空中で流動させながら,乾燥させることで造粒していく。本発明の剤は,上記方法で製造することができる。しかし,上記工程に限定されるものではなく,当業者であれば,試料の水分量などに応じて,適宜各工程の温度,風速等のパラメータを変更することができる。
スプレードライ(噴霧乾燥)工程とは,試料溶液を熱風とともに細い孔径のノズルから噴霧し,チャンバー内で微小な液滴とし,短時間で乾燥させる方法である。スプレードライ物は,公知のスプレードライヤー(噴霧乾燥機)を用いて製造してもよい。本発明の剤は,例えば以下の工程で製造することができる。(1)試料(混合溶液)を孔径0.5~1mmのノズルから,100~300℃の熱風とともに,チャンバー内に,空気圧0.5~2.5kg/m2,流量25~50L/minで噴霧する(噴霧工程)。(2)噴霧した試料に温度150~300℃,速度0.5~1m/sの熱風をあて,30秒~5分乾燥させる(乾燥工程)。このようにスプレードライ法では,試料を高温チャンバー内にスプレーしてできた微小な液滴に熱風をあてて乾燥造粒させる方法である。本発明の剤は,上記方法で製造することができる。しかし,上記工程に限定されるものではなく,当業者であれば,適宜各工程の温度,時間等のパラメータを変更することができる。
乾燥粉砕造粒法とは,水分を含む試料を乾燥させた後,粉砕することで造粒物をえる方法である。本発明の剤は,例えば以下の工程で製造することができる。(1)試料(混合溶液)に50~80℃の温風をあてながら,撹拌速度10~100/minで1~5時間撹拌する(乾燥工程)。(2)乾燥した試料に5~15℃の冷風をあて,冷却させる(冷却工程)。(3)冷却させた試料を粉砕機で粉砕する(粉砕工程)。(4)粉砕した試料を所定サイズのふるい機でふるいにかける(ふるい工程)。このように乾燥粉砕造粒法は,一度大きな塊として製造した試料を粉砕することで所望サイズの粒を製造する方法である。本発明の剤は,上記方法で製造することができる。しかし,上記工程に限定されるものではなく,当業者であれば,適宜各工程の温度,時間等のパラメータを変更することができる。
1.被験物質
NSAIDsとして,アスピリン,インドメタシン,イブプロフェン,ジクロフェナクナトリウムを使用した。アスピリン,インドメタシン,イブプロフェンは和光純薬工業,ジクロフェナクナトリウムはCaymanから購入した。トレハロースは林原生物化学研究所製,カルボキシメチルセルロース・ナトリウム(CMC・Na)は第一工業製薬製のものを使用した。
トレハロースは精製水(ミリQグレード(milliQ水))にて30%(w/v)溶液を調整した。各種NSAIDsは,エチルアルコール(99.5%)にて適量を溶解し,トレハロース溶液と望ましい比率にて混合し,十分に撹拌した後,凍結乾燥機(東京理化器機株式会社,EYELA 凍結乾燥機,FDU-1100)を用いて48時間以上乾燥させた。
(1)トレハロースをmilliQ水に溶解し,30w/v%トレハロース溶液を作製した。
(2)1.0gNSAIDsを2.0mLエチルアルコールに溶解した。
(3)必要量のトレハロース溶液を各NSAIDs溶解エチルアルコール溶液に添加した。インドメタシン及びイブプロフェンは,この段階で必要量のトレハロース溶液を全量加えると沈殿する。そのため,沈殿するかしないかの量のトレハロース溶液を添加したのち,10~20分程度撹拌した。
(4)最終エチルアルコール濃度が10%以下(できれば5%以下)になるように,milliQ水を適量加えた。アスピリン及びジクロフェナクナトリウムは,沈殿がほぼ見られないので,この段階で10~20分程度撹拌した。
(5)凍結乾燥機(東京理化器機株式会社,EYELA 凍結乾燥機,FDU-1100)にかけ,48時間以上乾燥させた。
Wistar雄性ラット(日本SLC)8週齢を購入した。ラットは,温度20~26℃,湿度30~70%のラット飼育ゲージに2~3匹入れ,(マウス・ラット飼育用CE-2)及び水フィルターを通した水道水を自由に摂取させて飼育した。7日間の予備飼育後,1群5~10匹を実験に用いた。試験前24時間は絶食とし,さらに試験1時間前は絶水とした。
試験前日11時より絶食した当日に被験物質を経口投与して5時間後,二酸化炭素ガスにより致死せしめ胃を摘出した。十二指腸を結札し,食道部から中性ホルマリン6mLを注入し,中性ホルマリン液中で30分間固定した。胃を大弯沿いに切り開き,生理食塩水で軽く洗浄後,実体顕微鏡下で出血斑の有無を観察した。
潰瘍指数として,出血斑の面積を0.5mm×0.5mm単位で測定して,各動物の合計を求めた。各被験物質単独投与群の潰瘍指数と,トレハロース併用群における潰瘍指数を基に,潰瘍抑制率を次式より求めた。
1.被験物質
NSAIDsとして,インドメタシン,アスピリン,及びジクロフェナクナトリウムを使用した。インドメタシンは和光純薬工業,ジクロフェナクナトリウムはCaymanから購入した。トレハロースは林原生物化学研究所,カルボキシメチルセルロース・ナトリウム(CMC・Na)は第一工業製薬製のものを使用した。
トレハロースは,精製水(ミリQグレード(milliQ水))にて30%(w/v)溶液を調整した。各種NSAIDsはエチルアルコール(99.5%)にて適量を溶解し,トレハロース溶液と望ましい比率にて混合し,十分に撹拌した後,凍結乾燥器(東京理化器機株式会社,EYELA 凍結乾燥機,FDU-1100)を用いて48時間以上乾燥させた。
投与薬液は,試験当日に調製した。NSAIDs単独投与群は,秤量したNSAIDsを0.5%CMC・Na溶液に懸濁もしくは溶解し,NSAIDsとトレハロース溶液の混合投与群は,NSAIDsのみの懸濁液と,トレハロースのみを溶解した溶液を個別に調整し,投与直前に等量混合して用いた。トレハロースとNSAIDsの凍結乾燥品は,あらかじめ所定の比率で混合,凍結乾燥したものを一定量秤量し,0.5%CMC・Na溶液を加えて投与薬液を調整した。いずれの投与群においても投与薬液量は,ラット1kgあたり8mLとした。
Wistar雄性ラット(日本SLC)8週齢を購入し,温度20~26℃,湿度30~70%のラット飼育ゲージに2~3匹入れ,飼料(マウス・ラット飼育用CE-2)および水フィルターを通した水道水を自由に摂取させて飼育した。7日間の予備飼育後,1群5~10匹を実験に用いた。試験前24時間は絶食とし,さらに試験1時間前は絶水とした。
試験前日11時より絶食した動物に被験物質を経口投与して5時間後,二酸化炭素ガスにより致死せしめ胃を摘出した。十二指腸を結札し,食道部から中性ホルマリン6mLを注入し,中性ホルマリン液中で30分間固定した。胃を大弯沿いに切り開き,生理食塩液で軽く洗浄後,実体顕微鏡下で出血斑の有無を観察した。
NSAIDs(ジクロフェナク)とトレハロースの分子間相互作用による胃粘膜障害抑制を検討するために,細胞生存率と細胞致死率を測定した。粉体のジクロフェナク単独(図5中「Dic」と表記),又はジクロフェナク-トレハロース凍結乾燥品(重量比 ジクロフェナク:トレハロース=1:20)(図5中「Lyo」と表記)を,ジクロフェナクの最終濃度が2mMとなるようにDMEM培地(Sigma社製)に添加し完全に溶解させた。その後,口腔上皮細胞Ca9-22細胞に加えた。また,1mMジクロフェナクを含む培地又は1mMジクロフェナク5%トレハロースを含む培地(ジクロジェナク溶液,トレハロース溶液を個別に添加し調整した培地(図5中「Mix」と表記)を先ほどと異なるCa9-22細胞に加えた。各細胞を16時間培養し,LIVE/DEAD Assay(Molecular Probes社製)によって,細胞生存率及び細胞致死率を測定した。また,コントロールとして通常の培地で培養した細胞に関しても解析を行った。なお,例数(N)は,4~6で行った。その結果を図5にしめした。
NSAIDs(インドメタシン,イブプロフェン,アスピリン,ジクロフェナク,ピロキシカム,及びメフェナム酸)とトレハロースの分子間結合を検討するために示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)を用いて測定を行った。それぞれ,トレハロース単独,NSAIDs単独,トレハロースとNSAIDsの混合物,トレハロースとNSAIDsとの凍結乾燥物を用いてDSC用いて測定を行った。トレハロースとNSAIDsの重量比は下記表5に示した。
Claims (16)
- 二糖類と非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAIDs)との分子間化合物を有効成分として含む,NSAIDsの抗炎症作用を発揮しつつ,前記NSAIDsにより誘発される消化管粘膜障害を軽減する,NSAIDs誘発性消化管粘膜障害軽減剤。
- 前記NSAIDsは,
酸性NSAIDsである,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記NSAIDsは,
アスピリン,サリチル酸ナトリウム,サリチルアミド,サザピリン,ジフルニサル,エテンザミド,アスピリンアルミニウム,5-アミノサリチル酸,インドメタシン,エトドラク,ジクロフェナクナトリウム,スリンダク,アンフェナクナトリウム,マレイン酸プログルメタシン,アセメタシン,ナブメトン,モフェゾラク,イブプロフェン,ナプロキセン,ロキソプロフェン,フルルビプロフェン,フルルビプロフェンアキセチル,オキサプロジン,チアプロフェン酸,プラノプロフェン,アルミノプロフェン,ザルトプロフェン,メフェナム酸,トルフェナム酸,フルフェナム酸アルミニウム,ケトフェニルブタゾン,クロフェゾン,ブコローム,ピロキシカム,ロルノキシカム,テノキシカム,メロキシカム,アンピロキシカム,エピリゾール,チアラミド,及びエルモファゾンからなる群から選ばれる1又は2種以上である,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記二糖類は,トレハロース,マルトース,ラクトース及びスクロースのいずれか1種以上である,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記NSAIDs誘発性消化管粘膜障害軽減剤は,
錠剤,顆粒剤,又はカプセル剤のいずれかである,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記NSAIDsは,インドメタシンであり,
前記二糖類は,トレハロースであり,
前記分子間化合物は,
示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)による測定で得られたDSC曲線の第1のピークと第2のピークの頂点が,それぞれ80~95℃と260~270℃に存在する,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記NSAIDsは,イブプロフェンであり,
前記二糖類は,トレハロースであり,
前記分子間化合物は,
示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)による測定で得られたDSC曲線の第3のピークと第4のピークの頂点が,それぞれ175~190℃と130~145℃に存在する,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記NSAIDsは,アスピリンであり,
前記二糖類は,トレハロースであり,
前記分子間化合物は,
示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)による測定で得られたDSC曲線の第1のピークと第2のピークの頂点が,それぞれ110~120℃と135~145℃に存在する,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記NSAIDsは,ジクロフェナクナトリウムであり,
前記二糖類は,トレハロースであり,
前記分子間化合物は,
示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)による測定で得られたDSC曲線の第1のピークと第2のピークの頂点が,それぞれ90~100℃と130~145℃に存在する,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記NSAIDsは,メフェナム酸であり,
前記二糖類は,トレハロースであり,
前記分子間化合物は,
示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)による測定で得られたDSC曲線の第1のピークと第2のピークの頂点が,それぞれ225~235℃と90~110℃に存在し,
前記第1のピーク及び第2のピークの頂点の絶対値は,
DSCによる測定で得られた前記メフェナム酸のDSC曲線の90~110℃及び225~235℃に存在するピークの頂点の絶対値よりも大きい,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 前記NSAIDsは,ピロキシカムであり,
前記二糖類は,トレハロースであり,
前記分子間化合物は,
示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)による測定で得られたDSC曲線の第1のピークと第2のピークの頂点が,90~105℃と195~205℃に存在し,
前記第1のピーク及び第2のピークの頂点の絶対値は,
DSCによる測定で得られた前記ピロキシカムのDSC曲線の90~105℃及び195~205℃に存在するピークの頂点の絶対値よりも小さい,
請求項1に記載の剤。 - 請求項1に記載の剤であって,
NSAIDs誘発性胃粘膜障害軽減剤として用いられる剤。 - 非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAIDs)の抗炎症作用を発揮しつつ,前記NSAIDsにより誘発される消化管粘膜障害を軽減する,NSAIDs誘発性消化管粘膜障害軽減剤の製造方法であって,
二糖類及び前記NSAIDsを溶解した混合溶液をつくる混合工程と,
前記混合溶液を乾燥させる乾燥工程と,
を含む,NSAIDs誘発性消化管粘膜障害軽減剤の製造方法。 - 前記NSAIDsは,
酸性NSAIDsである,
請求項13に記載の製造方法。 - 前記NSAIDsは,
アスピリン,サリチル酸ナトリウム,サリチルアミド,サザピリン,ジフルニサル,エテンザミド,アスピリンアルミニウム,5-アミノサリチル酸,インドメタシン,エトドラク,ジクロフェナクナトリウム,スリンダク,アンフェナクナトリウム,マレイン酸プログルメタシン,アセメタシン,ナブメトン,モフェゾラク,イブプロフェン,ナプロキセン,ロキソプロフェン,フルルビプロフェン,フルルビプロフェンアキセチル,オキサプロジン,チアプロフェン酸,プラノプロフェン,アルミノプロフェン,ザルトプロフェン,メフェナム酸,トルフェナム酸,フルフェナム酸アルミニウム,ケトフェニルブタゾン,クロフェゾン,ブコローム,ピロキシカム,ロルノキシカム,テノキシカム,メロキシカム,アンピロキシカム,エピリゾール,チアラミド,及びエルモファゾンからなる群から選ばれる1又は2種以上である,
請求項13に記載の製造方法。 - 前記二糖類は,トレハロース,マルトース,ラクトース及びスクロースのいずれか1種以上である,
請求項13に記載の製造方法。
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US13/132,613 US20110301116A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2009-12-03 | Nsaids-induced gastrointestinal mucosal disorder alleviator and manufacturing method thereof |
EP09830211.0A EP2374478B1 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2009-12-03 | Nsaid-disaccharide inclusion complexes for alleviating damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa |
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