WO2010063683A1 - Real-time-pcr mittels gigahertz- oder terahertz-spektrometrie - Google Patents
Real-time-pcr mittels gigahertz- oder terahertz-spektrometrie Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010063683A1 WO2010063683A1 PCT/EP2009/066081 EP2009066081W WO2010063683A1 WO 2010063683 A1 WO2010063683 A1 WO 2010063683A1 EP 2009066081 W EP2009066081 W EP 2009066081W WO 2010063683 A1 WO2010063683 A1 WO 2010063683A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/6851—Quantitative amplification
Definitions
- PCR amplifications in general are widely used in the amplification and analysis of DNA or RNA sequences found in many biological systems, but can also be used in principle with artificially engineered polynucleotide sequences.
- the method described here relates to a spectroscopic real-time detection in a PCR amplification.
- This refers both to evidence during the course of all reaction steps of a PCR amplification, as well as to appropriate evidence before and after.
- substances used in preliminary steps prior to the execution of the actual PCR reaction steps for the replication of polynucleotide sequences can be examined qualitatively and quantitatively by means of spectroscopic detection.
- spectroscopic examination steps can also be carried out during the PCR amplification, and even if the PCR amplification itself has already ended.
- PCR amplifications are typically used to amplify relatively short and clearly-defined polynucleotide sequences as compared to the human genome. In contrast to living organisms, PCR amplification can only ensure the amplification of polynucleotide sequences of a few thousand base pairs per sequence. To carry out a PCR amplification, it first requires the preparation of a PCR solution which, in addition to a buffer solution as a suitable chemical environment, has a number of further starting substances necessary for the course of a PCR amplification.
- These starting substances typically include an original polynucleotide sequence to be amplified, primers to define a start and an end portion of the polynucleotide sequence to be amplified, a corresponding polymerase to replicate the portion defined by the primers, and deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which are the building blocks of the replicated polynucleotide sequence.
- a PCR solution may also contain a number of other functional components which allow, for example, to increase or optimize the progress of PCR amplification in terms of effectiveness.
- a PCR amplification consists of a repetitive sequence of PCR reaction steps, as can be carried out in laboratory thermal cyclers. Each repeat includes the three PCR reaction steps of denaturation, primer hybridization and elongation. Denaturation initially melts double-stranded polynucleotide sequences, heating the PCR solution to a temperature of about 95 ° C to dissolve the hydrogen bonds that hold the two single-stranded polynucleotide sequences together. The temperature level is maintained until it is ensured that only single-stranded polynucleotide sequences are present in the PCR solution. In the PCR reaction step of primer hybridization, the temperature is typically held for a few seconds at a level which allows specific attachment of the primer to the polynucleotide sequence.
- the designated temperature level is normally a few 0 C below the melting point of the resulting by the specific attachment primer sequences, and usually corresponds to a temperature between 55 ° C to 65 ° C.
- the annealing of the primers to the predetermined sites of the polynucleotide sequence is complete, filling in the PCR reaction step of elongation by the missing strands or building blocks on free nucleotides under the action of the polymerase.
- the primer forms the beginning of a new single strand, which is replicated piece by piece.
- the temperature to be set during this PCR reaction step will depend on the labor optimum of the polymerase used in each case, but is typically at 10 0 C to 15 ° C above the temperature level of primer hybridization.
- Real-time quantitative PCR a refinement of PCR amplification known in the art, performs PCR amplification to replicate polynucleotide sequences while providing a means of quantifying the polynucleotide sequences so obtained.
- the quantification is based on the execution of fluorescence measurements that are made during the course of the PCR amplification.
- the detected fluorescence signal increases in proportion to the amount of replicated polynucleotide sequences.
- the real-time quantitative PCR allows a quantitative evaluation of the polynucleotide sequences which are replicated in the PCR amplification still during their amplification.
- the real-time quantitative PCR requires fluorescent dyes or so-called fluorescence markers, which interact chemically or physically with the replicated polynucleotide sequences, and as a result change their own fluorescence behavior. Accordingly, the increase in the intensity of a detected fluorescence signal after the repeating PCR reaction steps correlates with a corresponding increase in replicated polynucleotide sequences. For example, detection of the course of PCR amplification via measured fluorescence signals may rely on the use of simple fluorescent dyes that bind relatively non-specifically to the polynucleotide sequence to be replicated.
- Another commonly used fluorescent dye is ethidium bromide.
- fluorescence markers such as FRET probes, Lightcycler probes, TaqMan probes, molecular beacons, Scorpion primers or Luxprimer® are also used, which indeed permit specific binding to individual sites of the polynucleotide sequence and consequently have narrowly defined fluorescence properties, but are comparatively more expensive.
- molecular beacons are relatively complex structures which additionally require optimized and therefore expensive primers for carrying out the PCR amplification. Furthermore, such complex structures make it difficult to optimize the PCR reaction conditions and thus promote a relatively inefficient amplification of the polynucleotide sequences as well as the preparation of many unwanted by-products.
- WO 03/102238 A2 proposes a method for detecting the representation of contiguous nucleic acid molecules in a PCR solution, and also an arrangement to carry out the said method.
- the method comprises the provision of PCR starting materials in a chamber, as well as performing the repetitive PCR reaction steps of denaturation, primer hybridization and elongation.
- the imaging of contiguous nucleic acid molecules is carried out by the irradiation of UV light into the PCR solution and the subsequent detection of the absorbed light intensity.
- the PCR solution is in this case taken up by a chamber adapted for carrying out a PCR amplification, into which the light energy of the UV light source is irradiated.
- WO 03/102238 A2 makes the use of fluorescent labels unnecessary, this method is very susceptible to interference with respect to individual components of the PCR solution or with respect to remaining residues from reaction steps of previous isolation reactions, eg , As phenols.
- a further disadvantage of the quantitative determination by means of UV absorption can also be seen in the fact that only single-stranded of double-stranded nucleic acid molecules can be distinguished to a limited extent, and consequently only very unspecific detection capability for polynucleotide sequences is available.
- WO 2008/109706 A1 describes the use of terahertz spectroscopy in a great variety of types. The detection of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA is also described. A real-time method for the detection of the PCR product is described in this document in any way.
- WO 2006/064192 A1 describes a band filter in the terahertz range. A method for the detection of nucleic acid molecules is not described in this document.
- US 2006/0216742 describes a method and system for detecting biomolecular binding events using gigahertz or terahertz radiation.
- WO 03/100396 A1 discloses a method for detecting the specificity of a ligand to a biological sample.
- DE 100 54 476 A1 describes a method for the detection of polynucleotide sequences, in which the refractive index or an equivalent size of the sample in contact with the test medium is determined by interaction with incident electromagnetic radiation.
- WO 2004/024949 A2 describes a method for the rapid detection of mutations and nucleotide polymorphisms using spectral data.
- terahertz radiation will detect the presence of biomolecular bonding of two molecules by emitting terahertz radiation from a source and detecting it by a detector after irradiation of a sample comprising the molecules.
- the disclosed method does not permit the quantification of employed amounts of the molecules, and thus is unsuitable for use in real-time detection in a PCR amplification.
- the object is achieved by a method for quantitative and spectroscopic real-time detection of nucleic acid molecules, in particular of polynucleotide tidsequenzen in a PCR amplification, the PCR amplification providing the necessary for the preparation of a PCR solution starting materials in a Buffer solution and the repetitive PCR reaction steps of denaturation, the primer hybridization and the elongation comprises, and wherein irradiated during defined PCR amplification at defined times from a radiation source electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime in the PCR solution to detect by means of a detector in a quantitative real-time detection at least the presence or absence of a polynucleotide sequence.
- the object is achieved by a method for quantitative and real-time spectroscopic detection of nucleic acid molecules, in particular of polynucleotide sequences, in a PCR amplification, the PCR amplification providing the necessary for the preparation of a PCR solution starting substances in a buffer solution and the repetitive PCR reaction steps of denaturation, primer hybridization and elongation, and wherein during PCR amplification at defined times from a radiation source electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime in the PCR solution is irradiated to detect by means of a detector in a real-time detection at least the presence or absence of a polynucleotide sequence, and wherein the reaction step of the denaturation is effected by Tera-Hertz radiation from the radiation source.
- a PCR arrangement for the quantitative spectroscopic real-time detection of polynucleotide sequences in a PCR amplification, wherein a substrate with a receiving area for a PCR solution consisting of the necessary starting substances and a buffer solution, temperature change means, by means of which the PCR solution can be heated to predetermined temperatures and / or cooled to the repeating PCR reaction steps of Denaturation, primer hybridization or elongation, a source of radiation to radiate electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime into the PCR solution, and a detector to quantitatively transmit radiation transmitted through the PCR solution to detect spectroscopically.
- a central idea of the present methods and the PCR arrangement according to the invention is the execution of a PCR amplification and a spectroscopic real-time detection in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- radiations are between 100 gigahertz and 20 terahertz, in particular between 300 gigahertz and 10 terahertz.
- These radiation frequencies are suitable for excitation of specific excitation states (typically vibrational vibrational modes) of single-stranded and double-stranded polynucleotide sequences. Excitation states of individual functional groups of these polynucleotide sequences are thus correlated to a predetermined frequency of the electromagnetic radiation and can be detected in absorbance measurements.
- extinction measurements generally refer to all spectroscopic detections, including quantitative ones, which relate parts of the light intensity irradiated into the PCR solution to parts of the light intensity emerging from it and detected by a detector in order to draw conclusions about substances and structures to be detected Allow PCR solution.
- excitation modes excitation frequencies
- excitation frequencies are also characteristic of the chemical bonding states of these functional groups, and may be accompanied by a change in the binding state with a change in the electromagnetic excitation frequency.
- excitation modes can be detected whose occurrence is characteristic of the presence of hydrogen bonds between the two single-stranded polynucleotide sequences in a double-stranded polynucleotide sequence. Accordingly, by means of extinction measurements in this designated frequency range, quantitative statements can be made as to whether a mixture of single-stranded or double-stranded polynucleotide sequences is present in a PCR solution.
- Electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz and Tera-Hertz regime are typically able to cause only vibratory excitations and thus hardly interfere with the chemical reaction environment in a PCR solution in practical terms.
- the radiation frequency of Giga-Hertz and Tera-Hertz radiation is suitable for detecting hybridization states of co-pendant nucleic acid molecules or polynucleotide sequences, respectively.
- detections according to the method according to the invention can detect the presence of individual hybridization states, in particular the presence of single-stranded and double-stranded polynucleotide sequences.
- This quantitative detection which is sometimes decisive for carrying out a PCR amplification, allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the progress and the quality of the reaction steps taking place in the PCR solution and thus an increase in the efficiency of the PCR amplification in general.
- the radiation source used for the spectroscopic real-time detection can also be used to bring about the reaction step of denaturation in the PCR amplification by electromagnetic radiation.
- the radiated frequency range is quite suitable for melting the hydrogen bonds between the two single strands in a double-stranded polynucleotide sequence, without having to add thermal energy directly to the entire system of the PCR solution.
- the denaturing reaction step there is no need to raise the temperature of a PCR solution to cause the melting of chemical bonds between individual strands of a polynucleotide sequence.
- the radiation source melts double-stranded polynucleotide sequences without the PCR solution itself having to undergo a strong temperature change.
- Such a method thus shortens the necessary for the repetitive PCR reaction steps heating and cooling phases of the PCR solution and allows a temporally faster representation of a desired amount of polynucleotide sequences to be amplified.
- the starting substances necessary for the preparation of a PCR solution are contained in a buffer.
- no chemical or physical detection markers, in particular no fluorescence markers are markers which are added as unnecessary starting substances for the preparation of a PCR solution described above, in order to be able to detect the preparation of polynucleotide sequences in a measuring method which is known from the prior art.
- the PCR solution provided for the method according to the invention can consequently be limited to the necessary starting substances, such as are necessary for ordinary PCR amplification without real-time detection. On the one hand, possible interferences of a chemical and physical nature in the process of PCR amplification are thus reduced, and at the same time the controllability of the reaction conditions is increased.
- the intensity of the irradiated electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime is selected such that it penetrates a predetermined layer thickness of the PCR solution.
- the layer thickness can relate either to the entire sample cross section, which is penetrated by the irradiated electromagnetic radiation, or else only to a partial region of the sample cross section.
- the layer thickness is suitable for detecting an extinction signal upon irradiation of a given radiation intensity and the presence of a number of polynucleotide sequences above a certain detection threshold.
- the extinction signal which results from attenuation of the electromagnetic radiation intensity, may result from absorption, scattering, diffraction, and reflection, for example.
- the irradiated layer thickness is constant and the irradiated electromagnetic radiation is immutable in its intensity, it is possible to deduce the amount of polynucleotide sequences shown, for example, if the extinction cross section of the polynucleotide sequences is known.
- the frequency of the irradiated electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime is between 100 GHz and 20 THz, in particular between 300 GHz and 10 THz. These frequency ranges cover the spectroscopically easily detectable excitation frequencies of most polynucleotide sequences and thus allow the excitation vibrations to be detected spectroscopically, in particular spectroscopically quantitatively.
- the buffer solution of the PCR solution with respect to a frequency of the radiated electromag- is selected in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime so that the radiation intensity after transmission of a predetermined layer thickness of the PCR solution with the detector can be detected largely unattenuated.
- the buffer solution itself is thus selected with respect to the electromagnetic radiation frequencies used so that the irradiated electromagnetic radiation of predetermined frequency ranges undergoes the greatest possible transmission.
- this is characterized in that the PCR solution is applied to a substrate, in particular in a predetermined receiving area of the substrate, which is largely transparent to the radiated electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime is.
- a receiving area may be formed by a limited volume, or merely as a surface for applying a PCR solution.
- the substrate itself may be a mineral substrate, for example glass, or else a plastic substrate. If the substrate itself is largely transparent to the incident electromagnetic radiation, it causes only a small proportion of the extinction signal detected in the spectroscopic real-time detection method.
- the substrate if it is a plastic, can be adapted by the selection of a suitable plastic to the useful frequency range of the irradiated electromagnetic radiation in order to bring about the lowest possible attenuation of the radiation intensity.
- the substrate comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation waveguide in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime.
- This waveguide can on the one hand serve as a radiation guiding means and at the same time as a substrate with a possible receiving area for the PCR solution. Accordingly, the irradiation of electromagnetic radiation into the PCR solution can be done locally in a well-controlled manner. In addition, the scattered radiation or loss radiation, as occurs in conventional collimation and focusing methods, can be reduced and the spectroscopic real-time detection can be improved. Particularly advantageously, a waveguide can be used if the predetermined receiving area for the PCR solution is located in an area which is penetrated by the evanescent radiation field of the waveguide. Detection of the polynucleotide sequences thus takes place with electromagnetic radiation which is guided on the one hand through the waveguide but on the other hand communicates with regions of the surface outside the waveguide.
- further temperature-changing means are provided, by means of which the PCR solution can be heated to predetermined temperatures and / or cooled.
- Such temperature change agents may either directly or indirectly heat or cool the PCR solution.
- a direct increase in temperature can be based, for example, on direct radiant heating or resistance heating.
- Cooling can be effected, for example, by suitably arranged Peltier elements or else by a cooling medium, for example air, which is in communication with a heat exchanger.
- the temperature change means ensure that the fastest possible and exact change of the temperatures necessary for the individual PCR reaction steps is made possible.
- the temperature-changing means heat and / or cool a heat medium which indirectly heats and / or cools the PCR solution via the substrate.
- the heat capacity of the substrate itself is low and the thermal conductivity is as large as possible.
- the heat medium can interact in a planar manner, or else penetrate it in guide means provided for this purpose, for example in channels.
- electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime from the radiation source into the PCR solution before and / or after a step of denaturation, and / or the primer hybridization and / or the elongation is radiated. Accordingly, the initial conditions and reaction successes can be checked by means of spectroscopic detection after each of the reaction steps taking place in the PCR amplification. Should it prove, for example, that the starting conditions for a subsequent PCR reaction step are unfavorable, appropriate changes in the reaction conditions, for example in the choice of temperature, can be made in order to bring about improved success.
- the electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Terahertz regime can be irradiated during the PCR amplification reaction steps of denaturation, primer hybridization or elongation, for example, to draw conclusions on the temporal binding behavior of individual molecular building blocks ,
- the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation is selected to excite defined vibratory excitation modes of single- and / or double-stranded polynucleotide sequences in order to detect these, in particular the modes characteristic of the presence of hybridization states of double-stranded polynucleotide sequences.
- the presence of certain molecular structures of the polynucleotide sequences can be detected by which the quality of the PCR amplification process can be verified and detected.
- termination of the PCR amplification can also be initiated after detection of the polynucleotide sequences.
- a conclusion on the structure of the polynucleotide sequences, in particular on their hybridization state can also be obtained by detecting the shift in the excitation frequency of defined excitation modes.
- temporally preceding proofs by means of the electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime are taken into account during the PCR amplification as a background for subsequent detection in the analysis of the evidence.
- the time-preliminary evidence may be subtracted from subsequent evidence for background subtraction, which is indispensable in absorbance measurements, either directly, averaged, or filtered. This for obtaining quantitative results
- the necessary step of the subsoil subtraction thus requires no further prior knowledge of the specific extinction behavior of the PCR arrangement, but allows a good background determination in a timely manner.
- electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime is generated from the radiation source prior to performing a PCR amplification in a solution of starting substances to be used in the PCR amplification irradiated to determine chemical or physical properties of individual starting materials, in particular their quality, specificity and their binding behavior, by means of spectroscopic evidence.
- quality or specificity and their binding behavior quality of the polynucleotide sequences, primer binding, primer specificity, amounts of amplification
- this separate verification can be dispensed with, and the physical and chemical properties of individual starting substances can be determined directly by means of a PCR arrangement according to the invention.
- the primers typically used in PCR amplifications are designed for use in ordinary PCR assemblies without spectroscopic real-time detection, and require use in a PCR array with real-time spectroscopic detection based on the use of Fluoreszenzmarken a new optimization of the reaction conditions for the primer-containing PCR solution with fluorescent markers.
- reaction vessels used in fluorescence measurements in the UV regime due to contamination, such as fingerprints, can easily give rise to erroneous measurements and this can sometimes result in incorrect absorption values.
- Electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Te Because of the longer wavelength, the ra-Hertz regime is much less sensitive to such contamination of the reaction vessels as well as the buffer solution components.
- according to the present method eliminates the use of spoiled or inaccurately prepared fluorescent dyes as a possible source of error for spectroscopic detection.
- 1 is a flowchart for illustrating the time sequence of individual
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the extinction behavior of a PCR solution in the course of a PCR amplification at radiation frequencies which coincide with excitation states of predetermined polynucleotide sequences in a PCR solution;
- FIG. 3 shows a partial view of a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the PCR arrangement according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a partial view of a third embodiment of a PCR arrangement according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a partial view of a fourth embodiment of a PCR arrangement according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a partial view of a fifth embodiment of a PCR arrangement according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment of a PCR arrangement according to the invention, which is based on the partial view of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5; 8 shows a schematic representation of the extinction behavior of a buffer solution used for producing a PCR solution and of a polynucleotide sequence in the frequency regime of the Giga-Hertz and / or Tera-Hertz regime.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of the typical sequence of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for the spectroscopic real-time detection of polynucleotide sequences 10 in a PCR amplification.
- a buffer solution 13 in which the starting substances necessary for the preparation of a PCR solution are taken up or dissolved.
- Necessary starting materials 12 are the polynucleotide sequence 10 to be replicated, suitable primers, a polymerase, and deoxynucleoside triphosphates for synthesizing polynucleotide sequences.
- the quality, specificity and the formation behavior of individual starting substances 12 can be determined in a spectroscopic real-time detection.
- Spectroscopic real-time proofs can thus be carried out during the entire sequence of the PCR amplification by means of the method according to the invention, and the time course of the polynucleotide sequences occurring in the PCR amplification can also be quantitatively characterized. Furthermore, it is of course also possible to carry out spectroscopic detection measurement after the end of the PCR amplification.
- PCR reaction step of the denaturation by irradiation of electromagnetic radiation in the Tera-Hertz regime would be a radiation of appropriate electromagnetic radiation at the time of denaturation.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the Extin mecanicsverlaufes in a PCR solution, which can be determined spectroscopically according to an embodiment of the present invention with electromagnetic radiation in the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime.
- the frequency of the irradiated electromagnetic radiation is chosen so that it coincides with the frequency of predetermined excitation states of individual polynucleotide sequences and is attenuated by appropriate irradiation in the PCR solution of these.
- the measurement points of spectroscopic real-time extinction evidence lie on an exponential curve.
- the individual proofs of the extinction of the PCR solution are illustrated by crosses.
- the time course is determined according to physical as well as chemical parameters, which can influence the efficiency or speed of the PCR amplification. From the extinction measurements, the amount of specific polynucleotide sequences can subsequently be determined by computational method.
- a detection threshold D 1 is as low as possible and below which the detection threshold D 1 is for electromagnetic radiation of other frequencies. Consequently, fewer PCR reaction steps must be performed than in conventional real-time quantitative PCR methods. Furthermore, the earliest time T 2 is as low as possible, in particular shorter than T 1 for electromagnetic radiation of the other frequencies.
- a radiation source 20 emits electromagnetic radiation in the gigahertz and / or Tera-Hertz regime in a PCR solution 11.
- the PCR solution 11 is located in the receiving region 23 of a substrate 24, which defines by its formation the layer thickness S of the PCR solution through which the electromagnetic radiation 21 passes.
- a receiving region 23 is presently formed by an at least partially limited volume, such as a container.
- the frequency of the radiation is set such that it coincides with the frequency of predetermined excitation states in the PCR solution 11 located polynucleotide sequences 10.
- optical elements typical of the optical structure, such as focusing elements, collimation elements, beam guiding elements and filters.
- the additional provision of such conventional beam conditioning optical elements will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
- the second embodiment according to FIG. 4 shows a further partial view of an embodiment of a PCR arrangement for the spectroscopic real-time detection of polynucleotide sequences in a PCR amplification.
- the second embodiment according to FIG. 4 does not provide a double-walled receiving region 23, but only a single-walled one, to which the PCR solution 11 is accommodated.
- This may be, for example, a film application of a PCR solution to the receiving region 23 of the substrate.
- the arrangement of the PCR solution 11 on the receiving region 23 of the substrate 24 in the field of gravity can be oriented so that a constant layer thickness S can be ensured during the spectroscopic real-time detection.
- the receiving region 23 of the substrate 24 may still contain constructive arrangements which increase the adhesion between the PCR solution 11 and the receiving region 23 of the substrate 24.
- Such arrangements are, for example, fine surface structures which assist in adhering the PCR solution 11 to the substrate 24.
- FIG. 5 shows a partial view of a fourth embodiment of the PCR arrangement according to the invention for the spectroscopic real-time detection of polynucleotide sequences in a PCR amplification.
- the direction of the electromagnetic radiation 21 emitted from the radiation source 20 and the direction of the radiation detected by the detector 22 are not arranged in extension to one another. Rather, the electromagnetic radiation 21 from the PCR solution 11 and / or the substrate of the Receiving area 23 deflected such that no straight line of rays takes place.
- Such a beam path is advantageous, for example, in the case of scatter measurements.
- Such a relative arrangement of radiation source 20 and detector 22 may also contribute to an improved spatial arrangement of various components, which contributes to reducing the overall size of the PCR assembly of the invention.
- the electromagnetic radiation 21 is guided in a waveguide W suitable for the frequency range of the radiation.
- the electromagnetic radiation 21 can be coupled directly to the radiation source 20 in the waveguide W or only after suitable conditioning.
- the waveguide W can be directly connected to the detector 22 or the radiation can only be conditioned for detection by means of the detector 22.
- the waveguide W is designed to emit in the receiving region 23 electromagnetic radiation 21 as an evanescent radiation field, which consequently can cause an extinction of the electromagnetic radiation 21 through the interaction with a waveguide W externally applied PCR solution.
- the embodiments of the waveguide W may comprise insulated waveguide structures, or else waveguide sections integrated into further recording devices. In a preferred embodiment, the waveguide W is integrated in a chip construction.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a PCR arrangement based on the partial view of the fourth embodiment in FIG. 5 for the spectroscopic real-time detection of polynucleotide sequences in a PCR amplification, which as a further element represents the temperature change means 25 associated with the Substrate 24 of the receiving area
- the temperature changing means 25 are adapted to the substrate
- the temperature changing means 25 can heat and / or cool an air flow which is conducted directly to the substrate 24 and, after appropriate heat conduction through the substrate 24, changes the temperature of the PCR solution 11 accordingly.
- FIG. 8 shows the extinction behavior 13 'of the buffer solution 13 necessary for producing the PCR solution 11 and the extinction behavior 10' of predetermined excitation states of the polynucleotide sequence 10 to be detected in a frequency range of the Giga-Hertz or Tera-Hertz regime. Due to its refractive behavior, the extinction of the buffer solution 13 varies detectably over a predetermined frequency range. Many standard laboratory buffer solutions 13 have such an extinction behavior. For the lowest possible possible detection of an excitation state of a polynucleotide sequence 10, it may be necessary to select a buffer solution 13 which has a minimum of its extinction behavior in the frequency range of the designated excitation state of the polynucleotide sequence 10.
- the absorbance of the electromagnetic radiation 21 irradiated into the PCR solution 11 by the buffer solution 13 is small as compared with the absorbance by the polynucleotide sequences 10 in the PCR solution 11, and the detection of the extinction of the excited state of the polynucleotide sequence 10 is performed with little interference by the Buffer solution 13.
- the buffer solution 13 By appropriate choice or adjustment of the buffer solution 13 to the polynucleotide sequence 10 to be detected and its excitation frequency, a favorable signal to noise ratio can be achieved.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2011538983A JP2012510626A (ja) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-11-30 | ギガヘルツまたはテラヘルツ分光測定を介するリアルタイムpcr |
US13/132,328 US20120100547A1 (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-11-30 | Real Time PCR Through Gigahertz or Terahertz Spectrometry |
EP09774652A EP2361316A1 (de) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-11-30 | Real-time-pcr mittels gigahertz- oder terahertz-spektrometrie |
CN200980148566.6A CN102301001B (zh) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-11-30 | 借助于千兆赫或兆兆赫频谱分析进行实时pcr |
SG2011039039A SG171450A1 (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-11-30 | Real time pcr through gigahertz or terahertz spectrometry |
CA2744894A CA2744894A1 (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-11-30 | Real-time pcr through gigahertz or terahertz spectrometry |
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DE102008059985A DE102008059985B3 (de) | 2008-12-02 | 2008-12-02 | Real-Time-PCR mittels Gigahertz- oder Terahertz-Spektrometrie |
DE102008059985.9 | 2008-12-02 |
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WO2010063683A1 true WO2010063683A1 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
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PCT/EP2009/066081 WO2010063683A1 (de) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-11-30 | Real-time-pcr mittels gigahertz- oder terahertz-spektrometrie |
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US (1) | US20120100547A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2361316A1 (de) |
JP (2) | JP2012510626A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102301001B (de) |
CA (1) | CA2744894A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008059985B3 (de) |
SG (1) | SG171450A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010063683A1 (de) |
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GB201215484D0 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2012-10-17 | Trinean | Optical characterisation of DNA and/or RNA |
CN103645167A (zh) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-19 | 苏州东胜兴业科学仪器有限公司 | 一种聚合酶链反应检测仪 |
KR101834798B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-03-09 | 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 | 테라헤르츠파를 이용한 dna 분석 방법 및 dna 분석 장치 |
WO2018148764A1 (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2018-08-16 | Essenlix Corporation | Molecular manipulation and assay with controlled temperature |
EP3631000A4 (de) * | 2017-05-23 | 2021-09-29 | Essenlix Corporation | Schnelle probentemperaturänderung zum testen |
PL3578118T3 (pl) | 2018-06-05 | 2022-11-21 | Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh | Instrument chirurgiczny |
CN118291585A (zh) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-07-05 | 北京博奥森生物技术有限公司 | 一种工业化提高微量细胞基因扩增效率的处理方法 |
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DE10054476A1 (de) * | 2000-07-10 | 2002-01-31 | Bolivar Peter Haring | Verfahren zum Nachweis von Polynucleotidsequenzen |
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AUPS205802A0 (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2002-06-06 | Bio-Molecular Holdings Pty Limited | Improved cycling device and method |
US6744024B1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-06-01 | Cem Corporation | Reaction and temperature control for high power microwave-assisted chemistry techniques |
WO2004024949A2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-25 | Hvidovre Hospital | Method of rapid detection of mutations and nucleotide polymorphisms using chemometrics |
JP2007529999A (ja) * | 2003-07-15 | 2007-11-01 | デンシャム,ダニエル,ヘンリー | ポリヌクレオチド増幅反応の測定 |
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- 2009-11-30 US US13/132,328 patent/US20120100547A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-11-30 WO PCT/EP2009/066081 patent/WO2010063683A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-11-30 CN CN200980148566.6A patent/CN102301001B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2009-11-30 JP JP2011538983A patent/JP2012510626A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SG171450A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
EP2361316A1 (de) | 2011-08-31 |
CN102301001A (zh) | 2011-12-28 |
CA2744894A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
JP2015119706A (ja) | 2015-07-02 |
JP2012510626A (ja) | 2012-05-10 |
DE102008059985B3 (de) | 2010-04-01 |
CN102301001B (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
US20120100547A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
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