Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
  • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
  • H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
  • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
  • H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
  • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
  • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
  • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
  • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
  • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• Fuel cell device as well as fuel line system with the supply arrangement
• the invention relates to a supply arrangement for coupling to a fuel cell device with a gas-to-gas humidifier, which is designed and / or arranged to moisturize with the moisture from the exhaust gases of the fuel cell device, the oxidizing agent for the fuel cell device, wherein the gas-to-gas Gas humidifier comprises an exhaust region and an oxidant region, which are separated by a separation layer, wherein the separation layer allows a transfer of moisture from the exhaust gas region to the oxidant region for humidifying the oxidizing agent.
• the invention also relates to a fuel cell system with the supply arrangement.
• the conditioning of the consumption gases, in particular of the oxidizing agent and of the fuel plays an important role in order to achieve an efficient energy yield and a long service life of the fuel
• PEM polymer electrolyte membranes
• the document US 2002/0155328 A1 relates to a method and a device for the transmission of water vapor in a cathode supply system of a fuel cell.
• the supply of the oxidizing agent is effected by a plurality of mutually parallel tubes, which are surrounded on the outside by the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell, wherein moisture is transferred from the cathode exhaust gas through the walls of the tubes to the supplied oxidizing agent.
• the ends of the tubes are embedded in synthetic resin for mechanical fixation.
• the document DE 10 2007 003 144 Al which probably forms the closest prior art, relates to a device for the treatment of reaction gases in fuel cells.
• hollow fiber membranes which consist of a temperature-resistant material.
• high-temperature resistant membranes preferably made of ceramic and, for example, zeolite, silica, alumina or temperature-stable polymer membranes. These membranes are glued into a chamber to guide and bring into contact the fresh gas with the exhaust gas via the hollow fiber membrane so that a transfer of water vapor from the exhaust gas to the fresh gas can occur through the membranes.
• the invention is based on the object
• This task is performed by a supply arrangement with the
• the invention thus relates to a supply arrangement which is suitable and / or designed for coupling to a fuel cell device.
• the coupling is detachably designed, so that the supply arrangement can be disconnected from the fuel cell device.
• a plurality of fuel cells is preferably arranged.
• the supply arrangement is preferably designed as a cathode supply and has a gas-to-gas moistening device, which allows, with moisture from exhaust gases, in particular the cathode exhaust gases, the fuel cell device an oxidizing agent, in particular supplied air for the
• the gas-to-gas humidifying device has an exhaust gas region and an oxidizing agent region which are separated from each other by a moisture-permeable separating layer which transfers moisture from the exhaust gas region into the exhaust gas
• the humidification of the oxidizing agent is used for the conditioning of the requirements of the membrane, in particular the proton-conducting membrane (PEM), of the fuel cell device.
• PEM proton-conducting membrane
• the gas-to-gas humidifying device comprises a monolithic honeycomb body for forming the exhaust gas region and the
• a monolithic body is a body which is formed in one piece.
• the one-piece mold can be produced by a primary molding, for example by extrusion, or by a removal process, eg milling, drilling, etc., from a semifinished product.
• a honeycomb body is understood to mean a body which has at least two honeycombs, namely one for the exhaust gas region and one for the oxidant region.
• the honeycomb body has a plurality of honeycombs.
• the honeycombs can be formed in any desired cross-section, that is to say for example round, circular, oval, polygonal, hexagonal, rectangular, etc.
• the monolithic honeycomb body is formed as a ceramic body.
• the advantages of the invention are that on the one hand, in comparison to the prior art, a complex pouring of individual membranes into synthetic resin is eliminated. Instead, a mechanically stable and thus insensitive, one-piece body is used. On the other hand, preferred embodiments of the monolithic honeycomb body are already used extensively in the exhaust aftertreatment of internal combustion engines and are therefore available on the market at low cost and with high quality.
• the separating layer by which the moisture is transferred from the exhaust gas region into the oxidant region or from the exhaust gas into the oxidizing agent, comprises or is formed by the base material of the monolithic honeycomb body.
• the base material is formed so porous that it has the necessary moisture transmission capabilities out of its basic properties.
• the release layer - that is, the main body of the monolithic honeycomb body - coated with a material such as zeolite, silica, temperature-stable polymers or aluminum oxide and / or treated.
• the permeability of the separation layer or the base body is formed so that oxygen is retained from the oxidizing agent and a permeability to moisture, in particular water vapor; is reached.
• the monolithic honeycomb body has a plurality of channels as honeycombs, wherein a first group of channels forms the exhaust gas region and a second group of channels forms the oxidizer region.
• the groups can each have the same number of channels, but the channels can also be unevenly distributed.
• the channels can all be realized in a similar manner; in modified embodiments, the channels may differ, in particular depending on the group.
• the channels of the first and second groups in the monolithic honeycomb body are arranged regularly, preferably in layers, alternately and / or alternately.
• a first layer are channels of the oxidizing agent
• in a second layer are channels for exhaust gases and in a third layer again channels for oxidizing agents, so that the moisture can be transmitted from the middle layer in two directions.
• the monolithic honeycomb body has on one end side one or more open coupling openings for one of the two groups.
• the coupling openings are designed so that they can be coupled to a supply line or a discharge for the exhaust gas or the oxidizing agent.
• the coupling openings of this group are arranged on both end sides of the monolithic honeycomb body.
• one or more coupling openings of the other group are closed on the same end face, for example by a distributor cap.
• a distributor cap has the advantage that first all coupling openings of the monolithic honeycomb body are opened, which are then selectively closed by the distributor cap.
• a distributor cap and other closure elements can be used to block the coupling openings of the other group.
• one or more coupling holes of one of the groups is disposed on the peripheral surface of the monolithic honeycomb body.
• the coupling openings for the group of channels which are not accessible through the front page.
• the peripheral coupling openings are preferably created by a removing process, in particular Einschiitzept.
• the monolithic honeycomb body only carries streams of the first and the second group.
• the monolithic honeycomb body is additionally dimensioned and / or designed as a charge air cooler.
• the oxidant feed is compressed, with densification end temperatures as high as 200 ° C. A temperature that is too high for the downstream fuel cell device.
• a monolithic honeycomb body is used as a gas-to-gas humidifier, which has only a low heat sensitivity, the uncooled, compressed oxidant can flow directly into the monolithic honeycomb body and be both cooled in this and absorb moisture.
• Another object of the invention relates to a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell device and a supply arrangement for supplying the fuel cell device with an oxidizing agent, wherein the supply arrangement is formed as described above.
• the fuel cell system is preferably designed as a mobile fuel cell system, in particular for supplying a motor vehicle with drive energy.
• the fuel cell device preferably has one or more fuel cell stacks with a multiplicity of fuel cells, in particular more than 100, preferably more than 150 fuel cells.
• the fuel cell system is preferably characterized in that the direct and / or significant transfer of heat and / or moisture between the oxidizing agent and the cathode exhaust gas takes place via the gas-to-gas humidification device.
• the fuel cell system has a controllable bypass line, which is guided around the gas-to-gas moistening device, by the ratio of the guided through the gas-to-gas humidifier oxidizing agent and the past it guided oxidizing agent to adjust the temperature and at the same time the moisture of the oxidizing agent.
• the gas-to-gas humidification device is fluidly connected upstream of a compressor for compressing the oxidant and / or downstream of a turbine to relax the exhaust gas.
• the compressor and the turbine are over one Gear shaft coupled together, so that the extracted during the relaxation energy from the exhaust gas can be supplied to the oxidizing agent as compression energy.
• the gas-to-gas humidifying device is preferably followed by a condensate separator for residual dehumidification.
• Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system with a
• Figure 2 shows a monolithic honeycomb body of the
• FIG. 1 shows a fuel cell system 1 in a schematic block diagram.
• the fuel cell system 1 comprises a fuel cell device 2, in which a plurality of fuel cells (not shown) are arranged, each having a PE membram (Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)).
• a supply arrangement 3 for supplying or disposing of the fuel cell device 2 with an oxidizing agent is connected to the fuel cell device 2 via connecting lines. Not shown are other utilities of the fuel cell device 2, such as the anode supply.
• the supply arrangement 3 has a supply branch 4 and a disposal branch 5 for the oxidizing agent.
• the supply branch 4 supplies the fuel cell device 2 with the oxidizing agent, the disposal branch 5 discharges the exhaust gases from the cathode region of the fuel cell device 2.
• oxidizing agent ambient air is supplied, which is first compressed in a compressor 6 and then fed to a gas-to-gas humidifier 7, which - functionally cools and humidifies the compressed oxidant.
• the compressed and humidified oxidant is then supplied to the fuel cell device 2.
• a bypass 8 is provided, which can be controlled via a valve so that a partial stream or the entire stream of the oxidant, the gas-to-gas humidifier 7 on the way to the fuel cell device 2 rotates.
• the exhaust gas flow is again supplied to the gas-to-gas humidifier 7 where it is heated and dehumidified by the waste heat of the compressed oxidant.
• any liquid water present is separated off in a condensate separator 9, and then the exhaust gas in a turbine 10 is released and discharged into the environment.
• the turbine 10 is coupled via a gear shaft with the compressor 6, so that can be driven by the turbine 10 of the compressor 6.
• the gas-to-gas humidifying device 7 thus assumes a dual function, namely on the one hand a cooling of the compressed oxidant and the second one Humidification of the oxidizing agent by the moisture of the exhaust gas stream.
• the moisture is a waste product of the electrochemical reaction between the oxidant and the fuel in the fuel cell device 2.
• FIG. 2 shows several views of a monolithic honeycomb body 11 in the form of a cuboid, which is integrated in the gas-to-gas humidifier 7.
• the monolithic honeycomb body 11 is extruded in its basic form and made, for example, from a temperature-stable ceramic material. As a result, he is able to tolerate the temperatures of up to 200 0 C of the compressed oxidant without damage.
• the monolithic honeycomb body 11 has a plurality of channels 12, which are regularly and rectified introduced into the one-piece base material.
• the channels 12 are shown herein with a square cross-section, however, other shapes are also possible.
• the monolithic honeycomb body 11 provides only a plurality of the mutually parallel channels 12 in its original form, two regions, an oxidant region 13 and an exhaust region 14 are formed in the monolithic honeycomb body 11 by the modifications explained below.
• the assignment of the areas according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is purely exemplary.
• the regions denoted by 14 to function as the oxidizing agent region and the regions denoted by 13 to function as the exhaust gas region.
• the two areas 13, 14 are separated from each other by partitions from the base material of the monolithic honeycomb body 11 and are in operation flows through the appropriate streams oxidant A and exhaust B.
• the assignment of A to the oxidizing agent and B to the exhaust gas according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is purely exemplary. So it is in principle also possible that A is assigned to the exhaust gas and B the oxidizing agent.
• a first modification is achieved by closing channel rows on the front side of the monolithic honeycomb body 11, as shown in the plan view according to A-A.
• every second row is closed by closure elements 15, wherein the
• Closure elements 15 are used on both end faces of the honeycomb body 11.
• the oxidation agent A can flow through this modification all channels 12, which show free coupling openings at the two end faces.
• the second row is blocked on both sides with closure elements 15.
• the oxidant stream A and the exhaust stream B are separated from each other only by the separating layer of the main body of the monolithic honeycomb body 11, which as a membrane so is formed that oxygen is retained, but moisture, water vapor or water is allowed to pass through.
• the release layer may be provided with a coating of zeolite, silica or polymers.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=41572577

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (9)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 2008
  • 2008-11-19 DE DE102008058072A patent/DE102008058072A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-10-29 EP EP09749006.4A patent/EP2332204B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2009-10-29 CN CN200980146166.1A patent/CN102217129B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-10-29 WO PCT/EP2009/007753 patent/WO2010057567A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-10-29 US US13/129,608 patent/US9054353B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-10-29 JP JP2011536753A patent/JP5746039B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (9)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events