WO2010050107A1 - 太陽光集光用ヘリオスタットの制御方法及びその装置 - Google Patents
太陽光集光用ヘリオスタットの制御方法及びその装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010050107A1 WO2010050107A1 PCT/JP2009/004238 JP2009004238W WO2010050107A1 WO 2010050107 A1 WO2010050107 A1 WO 2010050107A1 JP 2009004238 W JP2009004238 W JP 2009004238W WO 2010050107 A1 WO2010050107 A1 WO 2010050107A1
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- heliostat
- reflecting mirrors
- focal point
- sunlight
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/183—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy, or solar concentrators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/063—Tower concentrators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
- F24S30/452—Vertical primary axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
- F24S30/455—Horizontal primary axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
- G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0076—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector
- G02B19/008—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector adapted to collect light from a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/1822—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors comprising means for aligning the optical axis
- G02B7/1827—Motorised alignment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/13—Transmissions
- F24S2030/131—Transmissions in the form of articulated bars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/13—Transmissions
- F24S2030/136—Transmissions for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/17—Spherical joints
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar condensing heliostat control method and apparatus for tracking the sun and condensing reflected light at an arbitrary point (focal point).
- the heliostat that condenses sunlight is composed of a plurality of reflecting mirrors (facets), and is configured to reflect and condense sunlight to a heat receiving part or the like and generate electricity with the heat. Or it is comprised as a center reflector type solar thermal power generation plant which re-reflects the reflected light reflected by the facet with a large reflector (center reflector) and collects it on the heat receiving part.
- a center reflector type solar thermal power generation plant which re-reflects the reflected light reflected by the facet with a large reflector (center reflector) and collects it on the heat receiving part.
- an invention has been proposed in which the heliostat is configured to track the movement of sunlight (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- FIG. 14 shows a side view of an example of a heliostat used for solar thermal power generation
- the conventional heliostat 5 has a plurality of facets 20, and the facets 20 are installed on a mount 47.
- a plurality of (three in FIG. 14) are installed on the turning mechanism 45.
- the installed facets 20 have bases connected by a link mechanism 46, and the link mechanism 46 allows the conventional heliostat 5 to operate as an undulation 44, and the swing mechanism 45 to perform a swing 43 operation.
- the conventional heliostat 5 tracks the sun, and is configured to reflect and condense sunlight to an arbitrary place (for example, a heat receiving part or a reflecting mirror in solar thermal power generation).
- FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view showing the state of the facet 20 mounted on the conventional heliostat 5.
- a plurality of facets 20 are installed in a fixed number (14 in FIG. 15) in combination. Yes.
- the facet 20 described here has a side of about 450 mm.
- the heliostat described in Patent Document 1 is configured to track sunlight by rotating on the X axis and the Y axis, as shown in FIG. 3 of Patent Document 1, and the X axis of the heliostat. Since the facets move around the intersection of the Y axis and the Y axis, the phenomenon that the focus position formed by the reflected light of each facet shifts (coma aberration) occurs, and the light collection efficiency decreases.
- the conventional heliostat 5 shown in FIG. 14 is also the same, and since the turning 43 is performed with the center of the turning mechanism 45 as a base point, the focal length of the facet 20 at a position away from the center is shifted. is doing.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram in which a plurality of (three in FIG. 8) facets 20 are installed on the heliostat 5, and shows how the heliostat operates with the undulation turning center O as a base point.
- the angle of the facet 20 is adjusted in advance so that the sunlight S irradiated from the sun 40 is reflected and the reflected light R forms a focal point F at, for example, a heat receiving part or a reflecting mirror.
- FIG. 9 shows the state when the sun 40 moves.
- the angle of the sunlight S irradiating the facet 20 changes as the sun 40 moves, and the helio The stat 5 performs turning and undulation operations.
- the left facet 20 shown in FIG. 9 moves upward by the facet movement distance d, and similarly to the right This facet 20 also moves by the facet movement distance d downward in the figure. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the reflected light R does not form a focal point at a place where it should become the focal point F such as the heat receiving portion, and the reflected light R is diffused by the moving distance e from the focal point. This phenomenon is called coma, and even when the heliostat 5 is installed so that the reflected light R intersects at the focal point F, the reflected light R does not intersect at the focal point F due to the turning and undulation operations. It is.
- the light collection efficiency is reduced, and particularly in solar thermal power plants using the heliostats on the scale of hundreds or thousands, the reduction in light collection efficiency reduces the power generation efficiency of the plant. I have the problem of drastically reducing it.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the object thereof is to realize a high concentration ratio of sunlight without causing a shift in the sunlight collection point (focal point), and to turn by a turning mechanism. It is providing the control method and apparatus of the sunlight condensing heliostat which implement
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency solar power plant by reducing the cost of installation work by adopting an equipment configuration that facilitates installation and facet adjustment work when installed in a solar power plant. .
- a heliostat control method includes a solar concentrating heliostat having a plurality of reflecting mirrors, tracking a moving sun, reflecting sunlight, and determining in advance.
- each of the plurality of facets is controlled to have a center when the facets are undulated and swiveled (tilted). That is, as shown in FIG. 10, each facet 20 is configured to have a center of undulation and rotation, thereby preventing the occurrence of coma aberration for the control method in which the facet moving distance d is zero. Can do.
- control is performed so that the position of the focal point formed by reflected light is kept constant with respect to the movement of the sun (light source), but the principle is the same as the control for moving the focal point. belongs to.
- the reflecting mirrors are operated in conjunction with each other while maintaining the center coordinates of the reflecting mirrors.
- This configuration makes it possible to suppress even the coma aberration that occurs at the end of the facet, since the center of the facet is the center of undulation and rotation (tilting).
- the facet is assumed to be 450 mm to 1000 mm square.
- the center of facet undulation is the corner of the facet, the distance from the center of undulation to the other corner is increased. The moving distance d is generated.
- this control method uses the center of the facet as the undulating turning center, the movement distance d of the facet is made as close to zero as possible, so that the occurrence of coma aberration can be suppressed to an extremely small range.
- the above-described heliostat control method is characterized in that a focal point formed by a plurality of the reflecting mirrors can move on a celestial sphere having an arbitrary radius without generating coma.
- the direction of a plurality of the reflecting mirrors is controlled in conjunction with two different link mechanisms.
- facet posture control is simplified because the facet control performed to guide the reflected light in an arbitrary direction is performed simultaneously on a plurality of facets using at least two different vector directions. It can be realized easily and reliably with a simple mechanism.
- a heliostat for achieving the above object is a solar light collecting heliostat configured so that a plurality of reflecting mirrors have a focal point, and the plurality of reflecting mirrors are respectively arranged via respective tilting mechanisms.
- the two tilt mechanisms are connected by two different directions of the first axis link (X-axis link) and the second axis link (Y-axis link), and the plurality of tilt mechanisms are linked by the link. And changing the direction.
- the first axis link (X axis link) and the second axis link (Y axis link) are rod-like links, and are provided in directions perpendicular to each other, and each is a driving device.
- the focal positions of the plurality of reflecting mirrors can be moved through the respective links and tilting mechanisms by controlling the driving device.
- a plurality of tilt mechanisms are connected by links orthogonal to the first axis link (X axis link) and the second axis link (Y axis link), so the relationship between the operation amount of the driving device and the moving distance of the focal point. Can be easily calculated, and facet control itself can be easily performed. Furthermore, by using a bar-shaped link, it becomes possible to secure a wide range of facet movement, especially in large-scale solar power plants, because it is possible to track the movement of the sun over a wide range, improving the power generation efficiency be able to.
- a solar thermal power plant for achieving the above object is characterized in that a plurality of the above-described heliostats are arranged, and solar power is generated by concentrating sunlight on a heat receiving part using molten salt as a heat medium. To do.
- the area efficiency of the installation of the heliostat in the solar thermal power plant can be improved, and the reflected light can be concentrated on the heat receiving portion or the reflecting mirror, so that a solar thermal power plant with extremely high power generation efficiency is provided. Can do. Further, since the tilting of the plurality of facets is performed by the biaxial link mechanism, the equipment can be easily transported and installed to the site where the solar thermal power plant is installed, so that the installation cost of the power plant can be reduced. .
- control method and apparatus for a heliostat of the present invention it is possible to realize a high concentration rate of sunlight without causing a deviation in the sunlight collection point (focal point) and to prevent the turning by the turning mechanism. It is possible to provide a solar condensing heliostat control method and apparatus that achieve high area arrangement efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a state in operation of the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a side view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the relationship between sunlight and reflected light in a conventional heliostat.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing generation of coma aberration in a conventional heliostat.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the relationship between sunlight and reflected light in the heliostat of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the movement locus of the focal point in the heliostat of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a solar thermal power plant using the heliostat of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a solar thermal power plant using a conventional heliostat.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing a conventional heliostat.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view showing a facet installed on a conventional heliostat.
- FIG. 1 shows a partially enlarged view of a heliostat 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a heliostat 1A composed of nine facets 20.
- Each facet 20 is fixed to a tilting mechanism 10A by facet bolts 19, and the tilting mechanism 10A is installed on a gantry 16A.
- the tilting mechanism 16A is connected in the X-axis direction by the X-axis link 11A via the X-axis arm portion 13, and in the Y-axis direction, the Y-axis link 12A is connected via the universal joint 15 and the cylinder mechanism 14A. And are configured to move in conjunction with each other.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which a plurality of facets 20 are combined to form a heliostat 1A.
- nine facets 20 are connected by links in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively.
- An X-axis drive device 17 and a Y-axis drive device 18 are connected to the end of the link, respectively.
- the link mechanism is moved, and the inclination of the facet 20 is controlled by two axes.
- the facet 20 is adjusted to have a focal point at an arbitrary point in advance.
- the link mechanism By moving all the facets 20 from the state by the link mechanism at the same time, only the position of the focal point is obtained while the reflected light remains focused. Can move. Thereby, for example, in a solar thermal power generation plant, even if the sun moves, the reflected light always has a focal point on the heat receiving portion or the reflecting mirror, so that no coma occurs or the power generation efficiency is extremely low with minimum coma. It becomes possible to provide a high plant. Further, by configuring the link mechanism as shown in FIG. 2, the movable region of the facet 20 can be increased, and it is possible to widen the range in which the sun can be tracked in the solar thermal power plant, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. Can do.
- the facet 20 can be tilted to nearly 90 degrees in all directions.
- a giant solar thermal power plant with a size of several hundred meters square or more, it is necessary to tilt the facet 20 greatly, and if the movable area of the facet 20 becomes large, the position where the heat receiving portion or the reflecting mirror is installed is lowered. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the construction cost of the solar thermal power plant.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic front view of a heliostat 1B according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view.
- the heliostat 1B is configured such that a facet 20 having a tilting mechanism 10B on the lower side rotates in the left-right direction shown in FIG. 3 about the Y-axis link 12B.
- the plurality of tilting mechanisms 10B are connected by an X-axis link 11B that is a link mechanism, and are configured to connect a plurality of facets 20 in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) in FIG. . Further, the undulation in the Y-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows an outline of a heliostat 3A according to the third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 shows a state when tracking sunlight.
- the heliostat 3A includes a plurality of facets 20 each having a columnar support member 36 below, and the plurality of facets 20 are arranged so as to have a focal point.
- the support member 36 is an extendable cylinder mechanism 34.
- the neck portion constituted by a spherical joint is rotatably supported by an intermediate fixing plate 32 via a rotation mechanism 31.
- the neck rotation mechanism 31 can be realized by a joint with two degrees of freedom other than the spherical joint.
- the upper surface of the support member 36 is connected to the facet 20 via an attachment angle adjusting mechanism 30.
- the attachment angle of the facet 20 is adjusted by the attachment angle adjustment mechanism 30.
- the lower portion of the support member 36 is connected by a link mechanism 35, and the link mechanism 35 moves on a plane, so that the inclination of the plurality of facets 20 can be adjusted in conjunction with each other.
- the link mechanism 35 moves on a so-called XY-axis plane on the plane, the support member 36 and the link mechanism 35 are connected using a joint that can operate with two axes of XY, but preferably a spherical joint is used. To do. As shown in FIG.
- the link mechanism 35 moves on the upper surface of the bottom plate 33, so that the facet 20 can change the mirror surface direction as apparent from the direction of the normal line n of the facet.
- the movement of the link mechanism 35 is realized by extending the cylinder mechanism 34.
- the heliostat 3 ⁇ / b> A has the above-described configuration, and an overview is that a heliostat having two layers of a bottom plate 33 and an intermediate fixing plate 32 and a support member 36 extending below the facet 20 are forested. It has become.
- the facet 20 is projected from the intermediate fixing plate 32 as if it were the head.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a heliostat 3B according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which uses a support member 36 that does not expand and contract instead of the extendable cylinder mechanism of the third embodiment.
- a support member 36 that does not expand and contract instead of the extendable cylinder mechanism of the third embodiment.
- the structure without the cylinder mechanism 34 can simplify the structure of the heliostat 3B. For example, when a solar thermal power plant is constructed on a desert, it is possible to reduce the risk of failure due to sand or heat.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the state of sunlight S and reflected light R in heliostats 1A and 1B to which the control method and apparatus of the present invention are applied. Since the undulation turning center O of the facet 20 is located in each facet 20, even when the facet 20 moves following the sun 40, the shift of the reflected light R at the focus F as shown in FIG. The travel distance e) from is not generated. In particular, in a solar thermal power generation plant, the distance of the facet 20 from the focal point may be several hundred meters to several thousand meters depending on the scale of the plant.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows the movement locus of the focal point F in a state where no coma aberration occurs.
- the focal point F moves on the celestial sphere 41 with a constant focal length. This shows that the coma aberration is zero.
- the reflected light R is always focused on the heat receiving portion or the reflecting mirror (center reflector), that is, the focus F is in a fixed state, and the sun as a light source is tracked. become. Since this is similarly affected by the coma aberration, the present invention is used to collect the reflected light R at a certain position without the influence of the coma aberration with respect to the movement of the sun. . That is, it is possible to provide a heliostat control method and apparatus that achieves a high concentration rate of sunlight.
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a solar thermal power plant 6 in which a conventional heliostat 5 is installed.
- the conventional heliostat 5 is turned by a turning mechanism 45, so that the heliostat turning range 42 shown in FIG. 13 needs to be installed so as not to overlap.
- the heliostats 1A and 1B of the present invention do not have a conventional turning mechanism, as shown in FIG. Realizes area placement efficiency. That is, it is possible to greatly increase the number of heliostats that can be installed on the heat receiving unit or the center reflector installed at the focal point F, and it is possible to realize a significant improvement in power generation efficiency in the solar thermal power plant 2. became.
- the present invention realizes a high concentration ratio of sunlight that does not cause a deviation in the sunlight collection point (focal point F), and realizes a high area arrangement efficiency by adopting a configuration in which the turning by the turning mechanism is not performed. It is possible to provide a light condensing heliostat control method and apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
図2は複数のファセット20を組み合わせて、ヘリオスタット1Aとする場合の1例を示しており、ここでは9つのファセット20を、X軸方向及びY軸方向にそれぞれリンクにより連結しており、そのリンクの端部にはX軸駆動装置17及びY軸駆動装置18をそれぞれ連結している。
この駆動装置17、18を作動させることで、リンク機構を動かし、ファセット20の傾きを2軸で制御するよう構成している。ファセット20は予め、任意の点に焦点を持つように調整されており、その状態から全てのファセット20を同時にリンク機構により動かすことで、反射光は焦点を結んだまま、その焦点の位置のみを動かすことができる。これにより、例えば、太陽熱発電プラントにおいて、太陽が動いても、常に反射光は受熱部又は反射鏡等に焦点を持つため、コマ収差が発生せず、又は最小のコマ収差で、発電効率の極めて高いプラントを提供することが可能となる。
また、リンク機構を図2のように構成することにより、ファセット20の可動領域が大きく取れ、太陽熱発電プラントにおいて、太陽を追尾可能とする範囲を広くすることが可能となり、発電効率を向上することができる。さらに傾動機構10Aの形状を変更することで、ファセット20を全方向に90度近くまで傾動可能な構成とすることが可能となる。特に数百メートル四方以上の大きさとなる巨大太陽熱発電プラントでは、ファセット20を大きく傾ける必要があり、また、ファセット20の可動領域が大きくなれば、受熱部又は反射鏡等を設置する位置を低くすることが可能となるため、太陽熱発電プラントの建造費のコストダウンを実現することも可能である。
また、図3のX軸方向に垂直なY軸方向(図3の紙面に対する奥手前方向又は図4の左右方向)の起伏は、図4に示す様に、Y軸リンク12Bに複数のファセット20からそれぞれ連結したリンクにより実現することができる。
この実施例によりリンク機構をコンパクトに形成することができるため、ヘリオスタット1B自体の構造を小さくすることが可能であり、これに伴いヘリオスタット1Bの製造及び運搬コストを削減することができる。
前記支持部材36の上部は取付角度調整機構30を介してファセット20が接続されており、複数のファセット20の反射光が任意の距離で焦点を持つように、ヘリオスタットを設置する際に、前記取付角度調整機構30によりファセット20の取付角度が調整される。前記支持部材36の下部はリンク機構35により連結されており、前記リンク機構35が平面上を移動することで、複数のファセット20の傾きを連動させて調整することを可能としている。また、前記リンク機構35は平面上の所謂XY軸平面を移動するため、前記支持部材36とリンク機構35の連結はXYの2軸で動作可能な接手を使用するが、望ましくは球面接手を使用する。
図6に示すように、リンク機構35が底板33の上面を移動することで、ファセット20は、ファセットの法線nの方向を見ても明らかなように、鏡面方向を変えることができる。このリンク機構35の移動は、シリンダ機構34が伸びることで実現されている。また、太陽熱発電プラント等で実施する場合には、ファセット20が太陽を追尾する際に、前記リンク機構35を制御することで、常に受熱部又は反射鏡等の焦点に太陽光を集光することを可能としている。前記ヘリオスタット3Aは上記の構成となっており、概観は底板33と中間固定板32の2層を有したヘリオスタットに、ファセット20の下方に支持部材36が伸びたものが、林立したようになっている。そして、中間固定板32からは、頭部であるかのようなファセット20が突出している状態である。
シリンダ機構34を使用しない構成により、ヘリオスタット3Bの構造を単純化することができ、例えば太陽熱発電プラントが砂漠上に建設されている場合、砂や熱による故障等のリスクを低減することが可能であり、前記ヘリオスタット3Bを数百、数千台使用する太陽熱発電プラントではメンテナンスの必要性が低いヘリオスタットであることが、極めて重要となる。即ち、メンテナンスの必要量に応じて、発電コストが大きく影響されるため、この実施例により発電コストを低下することができる。
図10は本発明の制御方法及びその装置を適応したヘリオスタット1A、1Bにおける太陽光Sと反射光Rの様子を示した概略図である。ファセット20の起伏旋回中心Oが、それぞれのファセット20にあるため、太陽40を追尾してファセット20が移動した場合であっても、図9に示すような焦点Fにおける反射光Rのずれ(焦点からの移動距離e)は発生しない。特に太陽熱発電プラントでは、プラントの規模により、焦点からファセット20の距離が数百メートルから数千メートルまで離れる場合があり、この時は、ファセットの移動距離dが僅かなものであったとしても、焦点からの移動距離eは巨大なものとなるため、コマ収差の発生しない(e≒0)となる本発明のヘリオスタット制御方法及びその装置により、高効率の太陽熱発電プラントを提供することが可能となった。
図11はコマ収差の発生しない状態における、焦点Fの移動軌跡を模式的に示したものである。ファセット20の傾動により焦点Fの位置を移動させた場合、前記焦点Fは焦点距離を一定とした天球41上を移動することになる。これが、コマ収差がゼロの状態を示したものである。
ただし、太陽熱発電プラントにおいては、反射光Rは受熱部又は反射鏡(センターリフレクター)等に常に集光するよう構成し、つまり焦点Fは固定された状態であり、光源である太陽を追尾することになる。これも、コマ収差の影響を同様に受けるため、本発明を利用することで、太陽の移動に対して、コマ収差の影響がなく一定の位置に反射光Rを集光することを可能としている。即ち、太陽光の高集光率を実現したヘリオスタット制御方法及びその装置の提供が可能となる。
図13は従来型ヘリオスタット5を設置した太陽熱発電プラント6の概略図を示している。従来型ヘリオスタット5は図14に示す様に、旋回機構45により旋回するため、図13に示すヘリオスタット旋回範囲42が重ならないように設置する必要があった。
これに対して、本発明のヘリオスタット1A、1Bは従来のような旋回機構を具備しないため、図12に示す様に、隣接するヘリオスタットの間隔を詰めて配置することが可能であり、高面積配置効率を実現している。即ち、焦点Fに設置した受熱部又はセンターリフレクターに対して設置可能なヘリオスタットの数を大幅に増加させることが可能となり、太陽熱発電プラント2における発電効率の大幅な向上を実現することが可能となった。
2 太陽熱発電プラント
3A、3B XY駆動式ヘリオスタット
10 傾動機構
11 X軸リンク
12 Y軸リンク
13 X軸腕部
14 シリンダ機構
15 ユニバーサルジョイント
16 架台
17 X軸駆動装置
18 Y軸駆動装置
19 ファセットボルト
20 ファセット(反射鏡)
Claims (7)
- 複数の反射鏡を有した太陽光集光用ヘリオスタットに、移動する太陽を追尾させ、太陽光を反射させ、予め定めた焦点に集光させる制御方法であって、
前記複数の反射鏡を予め定めた距離に焦点を持つように調整する工程と、それぞれが連動して傾動するように構成した前記複数の反射鏡で太陽を追尾し、かつ前記反射鏡の反射光が任意の点で焦点を持つように制御する工程からなり、それぞれの前記反射鏡の予め定めた点の座標を固定した状態を維持しながら、それぞれの反射鏡を連動して動作させることを特徴とするヘリオスタット制御方法。 - それぞれの前記反射鏡の中心の座標を固定した状態を維持しながら、それぞれの反射鏡を連動して動作させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のヘリオスタットの制御方法。
- 複数の前記反射鏡により形成される焦点が、任意の半径を有した天球面上にコマ収差を抑制するように移動することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のヘリオスタット制御方法。
- 複数の前記反射鏡の方向を、異なる2つのリンク機構で連動させて制御することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1つに記載のヘリオスタット制御方法。
- 複数の反射鏡が焦点を有するように配列して構成した太陽光集光用ヘリオスタットにおいて、複数の反射鏡を、それぞれの傾動機構を介してそれぞれの架台に設置し、複数の前記傾動機構を2つの異なる方向の第1軸リンク及び第2軸リンクで連結し、前記リンクにより前記複数の傾動機構が連動して向きを変えることを特徴とするヘリオスタット。
- 前記第1軸リンク及び第2軸リンクが、棒状のリンクであり、互いに直角に交わる方向に設けられており、かつそれぞれが駆動装置に連結されており、前記駆動装置を制御することで、それぞれのリンク及び傾動機構を介して前記複数の反射鏡の焦点位置を移動可能に構成したことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のヘリオスタット。
- 請求項5又は6に記載のヘリオスタットを複数基配置し、溶融塩を熱媒とする受熱部に太陽光を集光することで、太陽熱発電を行なうことを特徴とする太陽熱発電プラント。
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- 2009-08-28 WO PCT/JP2009/004238 patent/WO2010050107A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-08-28 CN CN2009801423759A patent/CN102197267B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (9)
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WO2012042888A1 (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | Cross linear type solar heat collecting apparatus |
JP2013539000A (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2013-10-17 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | クロスライン型太陽熱集光装置 |
CN102830715A (zh) * | 2012-08-17 | 2012-12-19 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | 一种光斑实时可调的定日镜及其调节方法 |
JP5342053B1 (ja) * | 2012-10-02 | 2013-11-13 | 信博 松本 | 凹面鏡と凸レンズとによる太陽光集熱装置 |
WO2014054816A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-02 | 2014-04-10 | Matsumoto Nobuhiro | 凹面鏡と凸レンズとによる太陽光集熱装置。 |
WO2014061281A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-04-24 | 株式会社SolarFlame | 太陽熱集熱装置および太陽熱集熱方法 |
JP2014081182A (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-08 | Solarflame Corp | 太陽熱集熱装置 |
US10006666B2 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2018-06-26 | Solarflame Corporation | Solar heat collecting apparatus and solar heat collecting method |
CN103713649A (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-09 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种反射式多平面镜太阳能聚光跟踪控制系统及控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2387710B1 (es) | 2013-05-27 |
ES2387710A1 (es) | 2012-09-28 |
JP2010101594A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
AU2009309208B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
AU2009309208A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
JP4473332B2 (ja) | 2010-06-02 |
CN102197267B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
US20110146663A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
CN102197267A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
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