WO2010041764A1 - 化成処理性に優れた部材の加工方法 - Google Patents
化成処理性に優れた部材の加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010041764A1 WO2010041764A1 PCT/JP2009/067822 JP2009067822W WO2010041764A1 WO 2010041764 A1 WO2010041764 A1 WO 2010041764A1 JP 2009067822 W JP2009067822 W JP 2009067822W WO 2010041764 A1 WO2010041764 A1 WO 2010041764A1
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- chemical conversion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for processing a high-strength steel for auto body structure for an automobile body structure, particularly processing a high-Si containing high-strength steel material containing 0.7% Si by mass%. It is related with the improvement method of the chemical conversion treatment property of the member formed.
- the car body structural material is made of high-strength steel to reduce weight by gauge down (thickness reduction), and a closed cross section structure such as a steel tube. It is also being studied to increase the rigidity of members.
- Such high-strength steel materials are generally designed on the basis of containing approximately 0.7% by mass or more of Si in order to have both high strength and high workability.
- Si inevitably involves a problem that the chemical conversion processability is remarkably lowered.
- the surface layer of the steel material has many expressions such as Si-based oxides (in addition to Si-based oxides, Si-containing oxides, Si oxides, Si-based oxides, etc. Means the same oxide, hereinafter referred to as an oxide mainly composed of Si unless otherwise specified).
- This oxide mainly composed of Si is converted into an iron-zinc phosphate crystal (Zn 2 Fe (PO 4 ) 2 .4H 2 O) (iron-zinc) based on the anode-cathode reaction during the chemical conversion treatment. Inhibits the formation of phosphate crystals. For this reason, dense and fine iron zinc phosphate crystals are not formed on the surface of the steel material.
- the hot rolled steel sheet is pickled so that it is mainly made of Si to some extent.
- the oxide has been removed.
- cold-rolled steel sheets are subjected to annealing processes such as continuous annealing and batch annealing after cold rolling, even if the dew point in the furnace is very low, Inevitably, the oxide mainly composed of Si is concentrated again on the surface of the plate. For this reason, even in cold-rolled steel sheets, chemical conversion properties often decrease.
- the furnace environment may fluctuate slowly, and furthermore, due to variations in the components in the steel, variations in manufacturing conditions, etc., the oxide mainly composed of Si depends on the position of the steel sheet.
- the formation often varies.
- the formation of oxides mainly composed of Si may have complex effects due to variations in the composition of steel and manufacturing conditions, and it is difficult to control the chemical conversion processability by managing these influential factors. It's real.
- the surface of the manufactured steel material is ground by a mechanical process, or the surface is melted by a chemical process such as pickling, thereby performing a chemical reaction. It has been carried out to remove the oxides mainly composed of Si that hinder the above.
- annealing is performed in an atmosphere in which the oxygen partial pressure (oxygen partial pressure) is controlled within a specific range, and then cooling is performed to rapidly cool the specific temperature range, and then the surface is further ground and pickled.
- the manufacturing method of the high Si content high tension steel plate excellent in the phosphate coating processability (phosphate coating treatability) which removes an oxide film (oxide film) is described.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a cold-rolled steel sheet having a Si content / Mn content of 0.4 or more is softened and annealed in an atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 20 to 0 ° C. to obtain a Si-based oxide (Si group oxide). ) Of the surface coverage (fraction of surface coverage) is 20% or less, and the diameter of the Si-based oxide is 5 ⁇ m or less in terms of the equivalent circle diameter. After that, after water quenching and tempering, hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid) or sulfuric acid ( A method for producing a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in chemical conversion treatment, which is pickled soaked in (sulfuric acid) is described.
- hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid
- sulfuric acid A method for producing a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in chemical conversion treatment, which is pickled soaked in (sulfuric acid) is described.
- Patent Document 12 discloses that a steel sheet having a composition containing Si: 0.5% by mass or less, Mn: 1.5% by mass or less, and P: 0.05% by mass or less is subjected to hot-rolled plate pickling, and an outer surface layer. And after the inner surface layer is removed, the steel sheet is cold-rolled at a cold reduction ratio of 10 to 60%, and both ends in the width direction of the cold-rolled steel strip are electro-welded (ERW (electrical resistance welding). ) And a method for producing a high-strength ERW steel pipe excellent in chemical conversion processability to be a welded steel tube.
- grinding and pickling itself requires a lot of man-hours, and it is difficult to completely remove the oxide mainly composed of Si. Glass is insoluble in common acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Since pickling cannot selectively remove only the oxide mainly composed of Si, it is necessary to dissolve a large amount of the underlying steel sheet in order to remove the oxide mainly composed of Si.
- Patent Document 2 a steel material is first mixed with sulfuric acid (sulfuric acid) and hydrofluoric acid (hydrofluoric acid) having a specific range of sulfate ion concentration and hydrogen fluoride concentration.
- sulfuric acid sulfuric acid
- hydrofluoric acid hydrofluoric acid
- a method for treating the surface of a steel material in which the chloride ion concentration is immersed in hydrochloric acid having a specific range after immersion in acid) is described. If pickling using a fluorinated acid type agent, it is possible to completely remove oxides mainly composed of Si, but since the fluoric acid type drug is used, the degree of danger increases somewhat. There are problems such as.
- Patent Documents 4 to 8 a Si—Mn composite oxide, which is easily dissolved in an acid, is avoided by avoiding formation of an oxide mainly composed of hardly soluble Si. A technique for improving the chemical conversion processability by forming is described.
- the Si / Mn content is adjusted to 0.4 or less in terms of Si / Mn ratio, and a fine Mn—Si composite oxide having (Mn—Si) of 0.5 mass% or more is formed on the surface layer (depth). 10 ⁇ m or more in a 2 ⁇ m long 10 ⁇ m region), and the ratio of the oxide mainly composed of Si to the surface length of the steel sheet is 10% or less, which is excellent in coating adhesion.
- a composite steel sheet is described.
- the Si / Mn content is adjusted to 0.4 or less in terms of the Si / Mn ratio, and the fine Mn—Si composite oxide having Mn / Si of 0.5 or more is 10/100 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- Patent Document 6 the content of Si and Mn is adjusted to 0.4 or less in the Si / Mn ratio, and 10 fine Mn-Si composite oxides having a composite structure and Mn / Si of 0.5 or more are disclosed. / 100 ⁇ m 2 or more, the surface coverage of the oxide mainly composed of Si is 10% or less, the tensile strength is 390 MPa or more, and the strength-elongation balance is excellent. Is a high strength cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the average distance between the starting points on the steel plate surface of the Si and / or Mn-containing oxide derived from the surface in the depth direction from the surface in the form of network-like or hair root-like is 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the high-strength steel plate excellent in coating-film adhesiveness whose total length of the said oxide is 10 micrometers / (depth 12 x width 20 micrometers) or less is described.
- Patent Document 8 the Si / Mn content is adjusted to 0.4 or less in the Si / Mn ratio, the composite structure of Si—Mn oxide is provided, and a fine Si—Mn oxide is formed on the surface.
- a high-strength steel sheet excellent in coating film adhesion in which 10/100 ⁇ m 2 or more exists and the surface coverage of an oxide mainly composed of Si is 10% or less is described.
- Si-Mn composite oxides like oxides mainly composed of Si, have an adverse effect on chemical conversion properties, but are described in Patent Documents 4 to 8 because Si-Mn composite oxides are easily soluble in acids. In this technology, it is intended to remove the Si—Mn composite oxide by “in-line pickling”, which is often installed in a production line for cold-rolled steel sheets.
- in-line pickling since the Mn content is determined depending on the Si content, there is a problem that the degree of freedom in the design of steel components is limited, and the chemical conversion processability There is also a problem that the improvement effect is often limited.
- Patent Document 9 discloses that a zinc phosphate chemical conversion treatment solution (zinc phosphate chemical conversion liquids) to which silica sand is added is sprayed onto the surface to clean the surface, and then the zinc phosphate chemical conversion treatment solution is further added.
- a method for forming a conversion coating on the surface by spraying is described. It is thought that the mechanism (chemical) that improves the chemical conversion processability when shot blasting is performed before chemical conversion treatment is because the surface is mechanically activated by shot blasting (mechanical). (Refer nonpatent literature 1). However, if the shot-blasted surface is left in the air or annealed, the surface's mechanochemical activity is attenuated and the desired chemical conversion treatment cannot be improved.
- Patent Document 10 contains Si in a composition containing 0.5 to 2.5 mass%, contains C and Ti so as to satisfy a specific relationship, and has an average grain diameter of 3.0 ⁇ m.
- a high-tensile hot-rolled steel sheet having a surface roughness (surface roughness) adjusted to an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 1.5 ⁇ m or less and excellent in chemical conversion property and corrosion resistance is described.
- the chemical conversion treatment property is remarkably improved by reducing the crystal grain size and smoothing the surface.
- Non-Patent Document 2 shows that even if the surface roughness of the steel sheet is changed within the range of 0.5 to 1.7 ⁇ m for Ra, 110 to 250 for PPI, and 1 to 8 ⁇ m for Wz, it affects the chemical conversion processability. It is described that there is almost no.
- Patent Document 11 includes C: 0.01 mass% or less, N: 0.01 mass% or less, and after annealing a steel sheet containing Ti, the rolling reduction of temper rolling is 0.8%.
- a method for producing a cold-rolled steel sheet is described in which the temper rolling of 5% or less is performed to effectively improve the phosphate processability without impairing the press formability of the steel sheet.
- the rolling reduction of temper rolling is 2.7% or more, the chemical conversion treatment property is saturated.
- JP 2003-226920 A JP 2004-256896 A JP 2004-323969 A JP-A-2005-248281 JP 2005-281787 A JP 2005-290440 A JP 2006-144106 A JP 2005-187863 A Japanese Patent Publication No.46-6327 JP 2002-226944 A JP 62-116723 A JP 2004-292926 A
- the present invention has been made in view of the current state of the prior art as described above, and is made of a high-strength steel material that is not good in chemical conversion treatment, and a high-strength member having excellent chemical conversion treatment. It aims at providing the processing method of.
- the present invention contains Si in excess of 0.7% by mass, and a particularly high concentration of oxide mainly composed of Si, such as hot-rolled sheets and cold-rolled annealed sheets, is concentrated in the surface layer. It aims at the improvement of the chemical conversion processability of the high strength member using the high Si content high strength steel material.
- Steel materials include steel plates (steel strips), steel pipes, steel bars, and the like.
- the concentration of oxide mainly composed of Si here means concentration of oxide mainly composed of Si, concentration of oxide containing Si and other elements, and composite oxide including these, eutectic oxidation. Concentration of substances such as eutectic oxide and peritectic oxide is included.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research on various factors affecting the chemical conversion processability of a high Si content high strength steel material. As a result, they came up with the idea of utilizing processing strain imparted to the surface when processing steel materials. And, when processing the steel material into a member, by adjusting the processing conditions so that the processing strain (surface strain) applied to the surface becomes a predetermined value or more, using a high-strength steel material containing a large amount of Si The knowledge that the chemical conversion property of the manufactured member improves notably was acquired. And it discovered that the improvement of chemical conversion property could be well explained by adopting the sum of absolute values of surface strains in a predetermined direction added in each step during processing as the processing strain to be added.
- the present inventors have performed a process in which the sum of absolute values of surface strains in a predetermined direction added in each process during processing is 5% or more in nominal strain, so that Si exceeding over 0.7%. Further, it has been found that the chemical conversion treatment property is remarkably improved even in a member using a steel material that contains an oxide mainly containing Si and concentrated in the surface layer at a high concentration.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) By mass%, C: 0.05% or more, Si: more than 0.7%, Mn: 0.8% or more, preferably Al: 0.1% or less, N: 0.010% One or more selected from Ti: 0.03% or less, Nb: 0.1% or less, V: 0.1% or less, and / or Cr: 1 % Or less, Mo: 1% or less, Ni: 1% or less, Cu: 1% or less, B: 0.01% or less, and / or Ca: 0.1 % Or less, REM: One or two selected from 0.05% or less, and when processing a high-strength steel material having a composition composed of the remaining Fe and unavoidable impurities to form a member, The sum of the absolute values of the surface strain in a predetermined direction added in each step of the processing is the nominal strain. Method of processing chemical conversion excellent in member, characterized adjusted to be 5% or more.
- the composition contains, by mass%, C: 0.05% or more, Si: 1% or more, Mn: 1.5% or more, preferably Further, Al: 0.1% or less, N: 0.010% or less, or Ti: 0.03% or less, Nb: 0.1% or less, V: 0.1% or less 1 or 2 or more and / or Cr: 1% or less, Mo: 1% or less, Ni: 1% or less, Cu: 1% or less, B: 0.01% or less A composition comprising at least one species or two and / or one or two selected from Ca: 0.1% or less and REM: 0.05% or less, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities
- a method for processing a member characterized in that:
- the sum of absolute values of surface strains in a predetermined direction added in each step of the processing is 7% or more in nominal strain.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a scribed circle 6. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the processing method of the processing pattern a typically. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates typically the processing method of the processing pattern b. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates typically the shape of the member processed by the process pattern c1. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates typically the shape of the member processed by the process pattern c2. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates typically the SDT test method which evaluates the corrosion resistance of the coating film after coating. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of manufacturing equipment suitable for manufacture of this invention welded steel pipe.
- a high Si content high strength steel material containing Si exceeding 0.7% by mass is used as a raw material, and the raw material is processed to obtain a high strength member.
- the “high strength” steel material refers to a steel material having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more.
- Steel materials include steel plates (steel strips), steel pipes, steel bars and the like.
- C 0.05% or more
- C is an element that increases the strength of steel, and in order to ensure a high strength of tensile strength: 590 MPa or more, it is necessary to contain 0.05% or more. For this reason, C was limited to 0.05% or more.
- the content exceeds 1.0%, the ductility decreases. In applications where weldability is required, the content is preferably 0.5% or less. If the content exceeds 0.5%, the soundness and toughness of the welded portion deteriorate. For this reason, Preferably it is 0.5% or less, More preferably, it is 0.3% or less.
- the influence which it has on the chemical conversion property of C is very small.
- Si More than 0.7% Si contributes to the stabilization of ferrite and increases the strength of steel through improvement of solid-solution hardening and quenching hardenability, and further improves workability. It is an element that also has the effect of improving the.
- Si When a large amount of Si is contained, generally, the elongation value becomes high and the workability is improved, but the chemical conversion property is remarkably lowered.
- Si In the case where Si is 0.7% or less, the chemical conversion treatment performance is lowered at a level that does not cause a problem within an allowable range. Therefore, in the present invention, it is conventionally said that the chemical conversion treatment performance is significantly reduced.
- the lower limit of Si was defined as exceeding 0.7%. In addition, Preferably it is 1% or more.
- the chemical conversion processability is conventionally lowered significantly. Even if it contains Si, it can be set as the member which has the outstanding chemical conversion property.
- the upper limit of Si content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2.5% or less from the viewpoint of making the material.
- the adverse effect on the chemical conversion treatment of Si is due to the surface enrichment of the oxide mainly composed of Si, not the surface enrichment of Si alone.
- the surface concentration of the oxide mainly composed of Si can occur during hot rolling, but in this case, it can be removed to some extent by the subsequent pickling treatment. Further, even during annealing, the surface is concentrated again in the annealing furnace. It is difficult to control the degree of concentration of the oxide mainly composed of Si during the production of the steel sheet. Mn: 0.8% or more
- Mn like C
- Mn is an element that increases the strength of steel through solid solution strengthening and further improvement of hardenability.
- Mn is 0.8% or more in the present invention. It is necessary to contain.
- Mn has the effect
- Mn in order to ensure tensile strength: 780 MPa or more, it is preferable to contain 1.5% or more.
- an excessive content exceeding 5% significantly reduces the ductility. For this reason, it is preferable to limit Mn to 5% or less.
- the composition further contains Al: 0.1% or less and N: 0.010% or less.
- Al: 0.1% or less Al is an element that acts as a deoxidizer and has an action of fixing N as AlN and preventing the adverse effects of N. Such an effect becomes remarkable when the content is 0.01% or more.
- the content exceeding 0.1% increases the amount of Al-based inclusions and lowers the cleanliness of the steel. For this reason, Al was limited to 0.1% or less. More preferably, it is 0.06% or less.
- N 0.010% or less
- N is an element that dissolves and increases the strength of the steel, but if contained in a large amount, ductility decreases. For this reason, it is preferable to limit N to 0.010% or less. In addition, Preferably it is 0.0050% or less.
- Ti 0.03% or less
- Nb 0.1% or less
- V 0.1% or less
- / or Cr 1% or less
- Mo 1% or less
- Ni 1% or less
- Cu 1% or less
- B 0.01% or less
- / or Ca 0. 1% or less
- REM One or two selected from 0.05% or less can be selected and contained as necessary.
- Ti, Nb, and V are all carbonitrides. Is an element that contributes to prevention of coarsening of crystal grains and further to an increase in strength due to precipitation strengthening, and it can be selected as necessary and can contain one or more kinds. Such an effect is recognized with each content of Ti: 0.01% or more, Nb: 0.005% or more, and V: 0.01% or more. On the other hand, when the content exceeds Ti: 0.03%, Nb: 0.1%, and V: 0.1%, the ductility is remarkably lowered.
- Ti 0.03% or less
- Nb 0.1% or less
- V 0.1% or less. More preferably, Ti is 0.025% or less, Nb is 0.05% or less, and V is 0.05% or less, respectively.
- Cr 1% or less, Mo: 1% or less, Ni: 1% or less, Cu: 1% or less, B: 0.01% or less selected from Cr, Mo, Ni, Cu , B is an element that contributes to increasing the strength of the steel through solid solution strengthening or hardenability improvement, and can be selected as necessary and contain one or more. Such an effect is recognized when Cr: 0.03% or more, Mo: 0.02% or more, Ni: 0.03% or more, Cu: 0.02% or more, B: 0.001% or more. . Cu also contributes to the improvement of corrosion resistance and delayed fracture resistance.
- Ca 0.1% or less
- REM one or two selected from 0.05% or less
- Ca and REM are elements that control the form of inclusions and contribute to the improvement of ductility. It can be selected as necessary and can contain one or two kinds. Such an effect becomes remarkable when the content is Ca: 0.002% or more and REM: 0.02% or more. However, when the content exceeds Ca: 0.1% and REM: 0.05%, the amount of inclusion is It becomes excessive and, on the contrary, reduces ductility. For this reason, when it contains, it is preferable to limit to Ca: 0.1% or less and REM: 0.05% or less. More preferably, Ca is 0.01% or less and REM is 0.01% or less, respectively.
- the balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- P: 0.02% or less and S: 0.005% or less are acceptable.
- P: 0.02% and S: 0.005% are acceptable.
- P: 0.02% and S: 0.005% are acceptable.
- P: 0.02% and S: 0.005% are acceptable.
- P: 0.02% and S: 0.005% are acceptable.
- the fall of toughness and weldability will become remarkable.
- the structure of the steel material having the above composition used as a material in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- steel materials having any structure such as a structure mainly composed of ferrite, a structure mainly composed of martensite generated by quenching during annealing after cold rolling, and a structure including retained austenite and bainite are also included in the present invention. It can be applied as a steel material used in Moreover, it does not specifically limit about the manufacturing method of the steel materials used as a raw material by this invention.
- a steel material of any manufacturing method such as hot rolled steel sheet, cold rolled steel sheet, steel pipe, and presence / absence of annealing is applicable as a material in the present invention.
- the oxide which has Si as a main component which degrades chemical conversion property exists on the steel material surface is assumed.
- the oxide mainly composed of Si on the surface of the steel material is formed by a hot rolling process and / or an annealing process. For example, taking the thin plate field that is often processed and used as an example, most hot-rolled plates are pickled and shipped.
- a steel plate in which the oxide mainly composed of Si formed on the surface is removed to some extent by the pickling is used as a material for manufacturing the member. With black skin as it is, it is difficult to think of it as a processing material that is subjected to chemical conversion treatment.
- the cold-rolled sheet is manufactured by pickling the hot-rolled sheet, followed by cold rolling or further annealing such as continuous annealing.
- annealing such as continuous annealing is performed, an oxide mainly composed of Si is formed again on the surface in the environment in the annealing furnace.
- the degree of formation of oxides mainly composed of Si is greatly influenced by the in-furnace environment of the annealing furnace, that is, the furnace atmosphere (dew point, etc.), the line speed, the front and rear line stop timing, and abnormal situations such as opening the furnace. It cannot be completely inferred from the process parameters.
- steel plates having different Si concentration levels can also be applied as materials.
- a high-strength steel material having the above-described composition is processed to obtain a member having a predetermined shape (high-strength member)
- surface strain in a predetermined direction applied to the steel material is added to each processing step.
- the processing is adjusted so that the nominal strain is 5% or more as the sum of the absolute values of the surface strain in a predetermined direction.
- the applied strain can be understood by being decomposed into, for example, three directions (x, y, z directions) orthogonal to each other, that is, two directions orthogonal to each other on the surface and a thickness direction orthogonal thereto.
- processing is performed on the surface of a steel material, which is a workpiece, so that the sum of absolute values of surface strains in a predetermined direction added in each processing step is 5% or more in nominal strain. If the sum of the absolute values of the surface strains in a predetermined direction added in each process step is less than 5%, a remarkable improvement in the chemical conversion property cannot be expected. In addition, Preferably it is 7% or more.
- the predetermined direction is preferably the most deformed direction. Further, the predetermined direction is defined as two directions, that is, a predetermined direction and a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction, and the sum of absolute values of surface strains in the predetermined direction added in each process step is added to the two directions orthogonal to each other.
- the sum of absolute values of strains that is, the sum of absolute values of surface strains in a predetermined direction and the sum of absolute values of surface strains in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction may be used.
- the processing applied to the steel material is the sum of the absolute values of the surface strain in a predetermined direction added in each step of the processing.
- excellent in chemical conversion treatment refers to a case where both the structure of iron zinc phosphate crystals and the corrosion resistance after coating are good. That is, when the iron zinc phosphate crystals have a dense and uniform grain structure with no scale, and the coated film is exposed to a corrosive environment, alkali blisters and cathode bulges. This refers to the case where the occurrence of a phenomenon called “puff at cathode area” remains at a slight level and has excellent corrosion resistance.
- alkali blister and cathode bulge is based on the premise of a wet coating film environment, where the cross-cut portion 2 becomes the anode and the portion that finally becomes bulge becomes the cathode, and the cell (cell ) Is a phenomenon based on being able to.
- uniform grains in the crystal structure of iron zinc phosphate are those that appear to be homogeneous within ⁇ 20% of the average grain size, or apparently coarse grains and fine grains are mixed. In this case, the coarse particle size is 3 times or less than the fine particle size.
- no skein in the iron zinc phosphate crystal structure means that a random part excluding an abnormal part is observed near the center of the test sample at a magnification of 1000 times and more than two fields of view, and no skein is seen.
- “Suke” usually refers to a portion without an iron zinc phosphate crystal.
- skew means that when the iron zinc phosphate crystals are uniform grains (within ⁇ 20% of the average crystal grain diameter), the iron zinc phosphate crystal grain diameter (diameter) This refers to a place where iron zinc phosphate crystals are not formed in a region exceeding three times.
- the particle size (diameter) of the coarse particles is 5 It shall refer to a place where an iron zinc phosphate crystal is not formed in a region exceeding double.
- the corrosion resistance after painting shall be determined by investigating as follows.
- the test material 1 is based on the assumption that the remaining area (exposed part) of which the end portion is masked with tape 3 is 30 mm ⁇ 100 mm or more as the target area of the corrosion test.
- the target is a steel pipe
- the test material 1 is divided in half.
- the evaluation may be performed using two or more test pieces 1.
- the test material 1 which adjusted the size so that the exposed part of the test material 1 may include a processing part shall be used.
- test material 1 is subjected to chemical conversion treatment, and is further subjected to electrodeposition coating to form a coating film.
- a crosscut 2 is applied to the surface of the test piece 1, a corrosion test is performed, and the one side swelling width 4 from the crosscut 2 is measured. When this value is smaller than the predetermined value, the corrosion resistance after painting is good.
- a general mild steel material is also subjected to a corrosion test, taking into account the range of error, and having corrosion resistance equal to or higher than that of a general mild steel material, and other than the portions adjacent to the crosscut 2 and the crosscut 2 It may be determined that the chemical conversion processability is good by confirming that there are no pimples, blisters, swellings, exfoliation of substrates, etc. in the normal part.
- any corrosion test such as a hot salt water immersion test (hot salt dip test), an SST test (salt spray test), and a dry / wet repetition test (cyclic corrosion test) may be used. .
- the surface strain applied in each process step can be measured using a scribed circle method (SC) 6 (hereinafter abbreviated as SC) transferred to the surface of the steel material to be processed.
- SC scribed circle method
- the length of the SC 6 of interest is measured with a thread-like flexible ruler, etc. Convert. Since the transferred SC6 can be erased with an organic solvent, the chemical conversion processability of the portion where the surface strain is measured can be evaluated.
- the calculation of the surface strain added in each step of processing is handled with the absolute value without considering the direction such as tension and compression. That is, in the present invention, the magnitude of the surface strain added for each processing step, that is, the sum of absolute values of the surface strain is used as an index.
- the surface strain applied in each step of processing is not a true strain but a nominal strain. This is based on the finding that the chemical conversion processability can be well organized by the sum of the absolute values of the nominal strain added in each process.
- the “processing” as used in the present invention includes pressing, bending, drawing, drawing and the like combined with a plate material, bending processing, compression processing, etc. , Composite forming, hydroforming in pipe materials, bending, pipe expanding, etc., and composites thereof are included. Furthermore, based on an Example, this invention is demonstrated in detail.
- Steel composition No. having the composition shown in Table 1 and the tensile properties and chemical conversion properties shown in Table 2.
- a ⁇ No. G was used.
- These steel materials are cold-rolled steel strip (cold-rolled continuous-annealed plate) with continuous annealing (CAL), pickled hot-rolled steel strip (hot-rolled pickled plate), and electric-welded pipes using them as a base plate.
- This is an electric resistance welded steel pipe (welded steel pipe).
- the electric sewing tube process as shown in FIG. 9, the coiled steel strip 7 is rewound and the plate shape is corrected by a leveler 8, and then a roll forming process 9 and an electric molding process are performed.
- Processing patterns were collected from these steel materials, and various types of processing were performed on the test materials to obtain members having various shapes. Next, test pieces were collected from these members and evaluated for chemical conversion treatment. Processing was performed with the following four types of processing patterns.
- (1) Processing pattern a The processing pattern a was processed by bending the test material (150 mm width ⁇ 300 mm length) as shown in FIG. The processing in this case is performed by simple bending, with the core material 15 being inserted into the bending center (FIG. 4A), or without the core material 15 being inserted (FIG. 4B), the bending angle. The amount of added distortion was changed by changing. The amount of strain is measured in advance by transferring scribed circles (SC) 6 as shown in FIG.
- SC scribed circles
- the size of SC6 was measured on the inner side and the outer side of the bent portion in the bending direction with a thread-like flexible ruler, and converted into surface strain.
- the direction (width direction) orthogonal to the bending direction was not measured as being negligible. That is, it is calculated as follows ( after diameter correction in the bending direction ⁇ before diameter correction in the bending direction) / before diameter correction in the bending direction. Note that the original SC6: 5 mm ⁇ was standardly used as the SC6 to be measured, and the number of processed SC6 including the processed part was 3 or more.
- the processing pattern b was processed by stretch forming using a flat-bottom punch 17 as shown in FIG. 5 on the test material 16.
- the test material 16 has a width of 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm as a standard blank size, and the size of the test material 16 is adjusted by adjusting the length of one side of the blank size according to the surface strain to be added. And the amount of surface distortion to be added was changed by adjusting the overhang height h and the like.
- the surface strain amount is measured in advance by transferring a scribed circle (SC) 6 as shown in FIG.
- the surface strain is measured in advance by transferring both sides of a scribed circle (SC) 6 as shown in FIG. 3 on the surface of the test plate and applying a predetermined processing, and then the outer and inner sides of the processed product. Then, the size of SC6 was measured in two directions, ie, the X direction and the Y direction orthogonal thereto, using a thread-like flexible scale, and converted into surface strain. Note that the number of SC6 to be measured was at least 3 in a wide area that was uniformly processed. Moreover, in the area
- Processing of the processing pattern c2 was performed by processing the test material (steel pipe) into an actual member shape (processed product) shown in FIG.
- the surface strain is measured in advance by transferring a scribed circle (SC) 6 as shown in FIG. 3 to the surface (outer surface) of the test material (steel pipe) and performing a predetermined processing.
- SC scribed circle
- the size of SC6 was measured in two directions, the X direction and the Y direction perpendicular to it, using a thread-like flexible ruler, and converted into surface strain (note that the inside is the same level as the outside) Estimated to be distorted).
- the number of SC6 to be measured was at least three in a wide region that was uniformly processed.
- region where distortion concentrates locally it was set as 3 or more including the part (corner part) where processing concentrates locally.
- the number exceeds 10 there may be a case where an unprocessed part is included, and an appropriate measurement of the surface strain cannot be obtained.
- the evaluation location of surface distortion was cut out and the chemical conversion treatment property was evaluated.
- Specimen 1 was collected from the test material processed as described above, and the chemical conversion treatment was evaluated. The chemical conversion treatment was evaluated by removing the test piece 1 from the location where the surface strain was measured after SC6 was sufficiently removed with an organic solvent. If the test piece 1 is a plate material, the test piece 1 has a size: 70 mm width ⁇ 150 mm length in the rolling direction. If the test piece 1 is a tubular material, the test piece 1 has a half-divided shape and has a length of 100 to 150 mm in the rolling direction. Piece 1 was obtained. In addition, when the processed area
- test piece 1 was sequentially subjected to degreasing treatment ⁇ water washing ⁇ surface conditioning ⁇ chemical conversion treatment ⁇ cationic electrodeposition coating.
- test piece as a chemical conversion treatment was also produced without performing cationic electrodeposition coating.
- Degreasing treatment was performed by using Nippon Paint Pharmaceutical Solution (Drug solution made by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.): SD250HM at a temperature of 42 ° C. for 120 s.
- surface adjustment process was made into the process which uses Japanese paint pharmaceutical liquid: 5N-10, and was immersed in this chemical
- Chemical conversion treatment uses Nippon Paint Pharmaceutical Solution: SD2800, liquid temperature: 43 ⁇ 3 ° C., TA (total phosphoric acid concentration): 20 to 26, FA (free acid concentration): 0.7 to 0.9, AC (accelerator concentration): 2.8 to 3.5, immersed in the chemical solution for 120 s and then baked at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- the cationic electrodeposition coating treatment uses Nippon Paint Pharmaceutical Solution: PN-150 Gray, liquid temperature: 28 ° C., additional voltage (voltage): 180 V, treatment time: 180 s, approximately film thickness. : It was set as the process which forms a 20-25 micrometers coating film.
- the cross-cut 2 (one in the longitudinal direction in the case of a small-diameter tube having an outer diameter of 40 mm ⁇ or less) is formed on the outer surface and inner surface of the test piece 1 that has been subjected to cationic electrodeposition coating.
- SDT test salt water immersion test (salt water immersion test) in which the test piece 1 is immersed for 10 days in a 5% NaCl aqueous solution (liquid temperature: 55 ° C.). salt dip test)).
- the processed area was narrow, the introduction of scratches by the crosscut 2 was set as the processed area (near the forming center), and the blister width was evaluated.
- a cellophane tape (Scotch tape or cellophane tape) is applied to the surface of the test piece 1, the tape is peeled off, and the maximum one side from the cross cut portion 2 (cross cut area) as shown in FIG.
- a swelling width 4 (one-side) was measured for the inner and outer surfaces.
- the maximum one-side swelling width was 2.5 mm or less, the chemical conversion property was judged as good (OK), and other cases were judged as bad (NG).
- the iron phosphate crystals on the inner surface and the outer surface were observed using a scanning electron microscope (magnification ratio: 1000 times). did.
- Table 4-1 to 4-2 show the evaluation results of the obtained chemical conversion properties.
- Material No. 1, no. 7, no. 15, no. Although 22 is a steel material (steel plate) which is a raw material and is described as a reference, all have poor chemical conversion property. However, the surface strain applied by the processing becomes a predetermined value (5.0%) or more, or the surface strain applied by the processing is less than the predetermined value (5.0%), but is added by the processing. A member No. in which the sum of the surface strain and the surface strain added at the time of manufacturing the steel material is a predetermined value (5.0%) or more. 3 ⁇ No. 6, no. 9 ⁇ No. 10, no. 18 ⁇ No. 21, no. 23, no. 25, no. In No. 27, the chemical conversion processability is improved. On the other hand, the member no. 2, no. 8, no. 16, no.
- member No. 11 is a steel material (steel plate) whose Si content is outside the scope of the present invention, and is described as a reference, but the chemical conversion property as a material is at a level where there is no problem.
- Member No. 28, no. 34 is a reference steel material (steel plates No. 6 and No. 8). Steel material No. 6) was made into an electric-welded steel pipe by using an electric-welded pipe as a base plate. In No. 7 (member No. 29), the chemical conversion processability is improved.
- Member No. 28 member No.
- steel material No. Steel material No. 8 (member No. 34) was made into an electric-welded steel pipe by using an electric-welded pipe as a base plate.
- No. 9 (member No. 35)
- the surface strain (circumferential direction) applied to the electro-sewn pipe is less than a predetermined value (5.0%), and the chemical conversion treatment is not sufficiently improved.
- the sum of the surface strain added by processing and the surface strain applied in the case of the electric resistance welded pipe (circumferential direction) is a predetermined value (5 0.0%) or more, the member No. 36, no. No. 37 has improved chemical conversion processability.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、研削(grinding)や酸洗は、それ自体が、工数が掛かり、しかも、完全に、Siを主体とする酸化物を削りとるのは困難であるうえ、Siを主体とする酸化物自体はガラス(glass)であり、塩酸や硫酸などの一般的な酸には溶解しない。酸洗では、Siを主体とする酸化物だけを選択的には除去できないため、Siを主体とする酸化物を除去するためには、下地鋼板を多く溶解することが必要となる。
また、例えば特許文献4~8には、難溶性のSiを主体とする酸化物が形成されるのを回避して、酸に溶解しやすいSi−Mn複合酸化物(Si−Mn composite oxide)を形成させることによって、化成処理性を改善させる技術が記載されている。
590MPa級の鋼材の調質圧延でも、適用できる圧下率は高々2%程度までである。このため、圧下率:0.8%以上5%以下の調質圧延を施す、特許文献11に記載された技術を、高強度材に応用することは問題を残していた。
本発明は、このような従来技術の現状に鑑みてなされたものであり、化成処理性が良好とはいえない高強度鋼材を素材とし、優れた化成処理性を有する高強度部材とする、部材の加工方法を提供することを目的とする。
高Si系組成の鋼板表面には、従来から膜状のSiを主体とする酸化物が濃化する点が指摘されることが多いが、実際のCAL(連続焼鈍ライン)を通して生産される場合、インラインの軽酸洗などによって、粒状のSiを主体とする酸化物が濃化している形態が主であり、いずれの場合も、これに所定以上の表面歪を加えて、化成処理を行うと粒状のSiを主体とする酸化物が極めて容易に鋼板表面から除去される(抜け落ちる)ものと考えている。
(1)質量%で、C:0.05%以上、Si:0.7%超え、Mn:0.8%以上を含み、好ましくはさらにAl:0.1%以下、N:0.010%以下を含有し、あるいはさらにTi:0.03%以下、Nb:0.1%以下、V:0.1%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、および/または、Cr:1%以下、Mo:1%以下、Ni:1%以下、Cu:1%以下、B:0.01%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、および/または、Ca:0.1%以下、REM:0.05%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種、を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成の高強度鋼材に加工を施して部材とするにあたり、前記加工を、該加工の各工程でそれぞれ付加される所定方向の表面歪の絶対値の和が、公称歪で5%以上となるように調整すること特徴とする化成処理性に優れた部材の加工方法。
(3)(1)または(2)において、前記加工の各工程でそれぞれ付加される所定方向の表面歪の絶対値の和が、前記鋼素材の製造時に付加された表面歪の絶対値の和との合計で、公称歪で5%以上となるように、前記加工の条件を調整することを特徴とする部材の加工方法。
(5)(1)ないし(4)のいずれかにおいて、前記組成が、質量%で、C:0.05%以上、Si:1%以上、Mn:1.5%以上を含有し、好ましくはさらにAl:0.1%以下、N:0.010%以下を含有し、あるいはさらにTi:0.03%以下、Nb:0.1%以下、V:0.1%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、および/または、Cr:1%以下、Mo:1%以下、Ni:1%以下、Cu:1%以下、B:0.01%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、および/または、Ca:0.1%以下、REM:0.05%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種、を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成であることを特徴とする部材の加工方法。
まず、素材として用いる高強度鋼材の好ましい組成について説明する。なお、とくに断らない限り、質量%は単に%で記す。
Cは、鋼の強度を増加させる元素であり、引張強さ:590MPa以上の高強度を確保するためには、0.05%以上の含有を必要とする。このため、Cは0.05%以上に限定した。一方、1.0%を超える含有は、延性が低下する。また、溶接性が要求される使途では、0.5%以下とすることが好ましい。0.5%を超える含有は、溶接部の健全性、靭性が低下する。このため、好ましくは0.5%以下、より好ましくは0.3%以下である。なお、Cの化成処理性に及ぼす影響は非常に小さい。
Siは、フェライトの安定化に寄与するとともに、固溶強化(solid−solution hardening)や焼入れ性(quenching hardenability)向上を介して、鋼の強度を増加させ、さらに加工性を向上させる作用も有する元素である。Siを多量に含有させると、一般的に、伸び値が高くなり加工性が向上するが、化成処理性が顕著に低下する。Siが0.7%以下の場合には、化成処理性の低下は、許容される範囲内で問題にならないレベルであるため、本発明では、従来から化成処理性が顕著に低下すると言われている0.7%超えをSiの下限値とした。なお、好ましくは1%以上である。Siを1%以上含有する場合には、鋼材の化成処理性には問題を残しているが、本発明によれば、従来から化成処理性が顕著に低下すると言われているこのような範囲のSiを含有していても、優れた化成処理性を有する部材とすることができる。なお、本発明ではSi含有の上限は、とくに限定する必要はないが、材質の作り込みの観点から2.5%以下とすることが好ましい。
Mn:0.8%以上
Al:0.1%以下
Alは、脱酸剤として作用するとともに、NをAlNとして固定し、Nの悪影響を防止する作用を有する元素である。このような効果は0.01%以上の含有で顕著となる。一方、0.1%を超える含有は、Al系介在物量が増加し、鋼の清浄度を低下させる。このため、Alは0.1%以下に限定した。より好ましくは、0.06%以下である。
Nは、Cと同様に、固溶して鋼の強度を増加させる元素であるが、多量に含有すると、延性が低下する。このため、Nは0.010%以下に限定することが好ましい。なお、好ましくは0.0050%以下である。
上記した組成に加えて、さらにTi:0.03%以下、Nb:0.1%以下、V:0.1%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、および/または、Cr:1%以下、Mo:1%以下、Ni:1%以下、Cu:1%以下、B:0.01%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、および/または、Ca:0.1%以下、REM:0.05%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種、を必要に応じ選択して含有することができる。
Ti、Nb、Vはいずれも、炭窒化物(carbonitride)を形成し、結晶粒の粗大化防止、さらには析出強化による強度増加に寄与する元素であり、必要に応じて選択して1種または2種以上を含有できる。このような効果は、Ti:0.01%以上、Nb:0.005%以上、V:0.01%以上のそれぞれの含有で認められる。一方、Ti:0.03%、Nb:0.1%、V:0.1%、をそれぞれ超える含有は、延性の低下が著しい。そのため、含有する場合には、Ti:0.03%以下、Nb:0.1%以下、V:0.1%以下に限定することが好ましい。より好ましくは、それぞれTi:0.025%以下、Nb:0.05%以下、V:0.05%以下である。
Cr、Mo、Ni、Cu、Bはいずれも、固溶強化あるいは焼入れ性向上を介して、鋼の強度増加に寄与する元素であり、必要に応じて選択して1種または2種以上を含有できる。このような効果は、Cr:0.03%以上、Mo:0.02%以上、Ni:0.03%以上、Cu:0.02%以上、B:0.001%以上の含有で認められる。また、Cuは耐食性、耐遅れ破壊性の向上にも寄与する。一方、Cr:1%、Mo:1%、Ni:1%、Cu:1%、B:0.01%を超える含有は、溶接性、電縫溶接部の健全性に悪影響を及ぼす。このため、含有する場合には、Cr:1%以下、Mo:1%以下、Ni:1%以下、Cu:1%以下、B:0.01%以下に、それぞれ限定することが好ましい。より好ましくは、それぞれCr,Mo,Ni,Cuは0.5%以下、Bは0.005%以下である。
Ca、REMはいずれも、介在物の形態を制御し、延性の向上に寄与する元素であり、必要に応じて選択して1種または2種を含有できる。このような効果は、Ca:0.002%以上、REM:0.02%以上の含有で顕著となるが、Ca:0.1%、REM:0.05%を超える含有は、介在物量が過剰となり、かえって、延性を低下させる。このため、含有する場合には、Ca:0.1%以下、REM:0.05%以下に限定することが好ましい。より好ましくは、それぞれCaは0.01%以下、REMは0.01%以下である。
例えば、加工して使用される場合が多い薄板分野を例にとれば、熱延板は、ほとんどが酸洗して出荷される。酸洗により、表面に形成されたSiを主体とする酸化物はある程度除去された状態の鋼板が部材製造の素材とされる。黒皮ままでは、化成処理を施される加工用素材とは考えにくい。
鋼材に加工を施すと、鋼材には、必然的に歪が付加される。付加される歪は、例えば、互いに直交する3方向(x,y,z方向)、すなわち、表面における直交する2方向、およびそれに直交する肉厚方向、の3方向に分解して理解できる。
また、素材として使用する鋼材が、製造時に表面歪を付加された状態である場合には、鋼材に加える加工を、該加工の各工程でそれぞれ付加される所定方向の表面歪の絶対値の和が、鋼材の製造時に付加された表面歪の絶対値の和との合計で、公称歪で5%以上となるように、調整した条件の加工としてもよい。鋼材の製造時に付加された加工歪(表面歪)の絶対値と、その後に鋼材に付加された加工歪(表面歪)の絶対値との合計が、5%以上になる場合にも、優れた化成処理性を有する部材となる。
またリン酸鉄亜鉛結晶組織における「スケ無し」とは、試験サンプルの中央付近で、異常部分を除くランダムな部分を倍率:1000倍で2視野以上観察し、「スケ」が見られない場合をいう。「スケ」とは、通常、リン酸鉄亜鉛結晶がついていない部分のことを指す。しかし、拡大して観察すると、全くリン酸鉄亜鉛結晶がついてないと見做せる部分と、周りのリン酸鉄亜鉛結晶サイズに対して、非常に小さなリン酸鉄亜鉛結晶が疎らに、非常に薄い密度で付いてある部分もある。このため本発明では、「スケ」とは、リン酸鉄亜鉛結晶が均一粒(平均結晶粒径に対して、±20%以内)の場合には、リン酸鉄亜鉛結晶粒径(直径)の3倍を超える領域にリン酸鉄亜鉛結晶が形成されていない箇所をいい、リン酸鉄亜鉛結晶が粗大粒と微小粒との混粒の場合には、粗大粒の粒径(直径)の5倍を超える領域にリン酸鉄亜鉛結晶が形成されていない箇所をいうものとする。
試験材1は、図8(a)に示すように、腐食試験の対象面積として、端部をテープでマスキング3した残りの部分(露出した部分)が30mm×100mm以上のものを使うことを前提にする。なお、対象が鋼管である場合は半割りした試験材1とする。また、試験材1とする鋼管が小径すぎて、1つのサンプルで上記した露出面積を確保できない場合には、2個以上の試験片1を用いて評価してもよい。なお、腐食試験の試験材全域にわたって一様に加工歪を付与できない場合には、試験材1の露出した部分が加工部位を含むようにサイズを調整した試験材1を用いるものとする。
さらに実施例に基づき、本発明について詳しく説明する。
加工は次の4種の加工パターンで行った。
(1)加工パターンa
加工パターンaの加工は、試験材(150mm幅×300mm長さ)に、図4に示すような曲げ加工を施す加工とした。この場合の加工は、単純な曲げとし、曲げ中心に芯材15を入れて行う(図4の(a))か、あるいは芯材15を入れることなく(図4の(b))、曲げ角度を変更して付加する歪量を変化させた。歪量の測定は、予め、試験材の表面および裏面に、図3に示すようなスクライブドサークル(SC)6を板の両側に転写しておき、所定の加工を施したのち、最終的形状に落ち着いてから、糸状の可撓性物差しで、曲げ方向について、曲げ加工部の内側および外側で、SC6の大きさを測定し、表面歪に換算した。なお、曲げ方向と直交する方向(幅方向)は無視できるとして測定しなかった。すなわち、(曲げ方向の径矯正後−曲げ方向の径矯正前)/曲げ方向の径矯正前で算出される。なお、測定するSC6は、オリジナルのSC6:5mmφを標準的に用い、加工部を含み3個以上とした。しかし、10個を超えると、未加工部を含む場合があり、適正な表面歪の測定とならない。また、曲げ半径が小さい場合には、より小さなSC6を使用した。
(2)加工パターンb
加工パターンbの加工は、試験材16に、図5に示すような、平底ポンチ(flat−bottom punch)17を用いた張り出し成形(stretch forming)を施す加工とした。なお、試験材16は200mm幅×200mm長さを標準ブランク・サイズ(blank size)として、付加する表面歪に応じてブランク・サイズの一方の辺の長さを調整して試験材16の大きさを変化させ、さらに張り出し高さh等を調整して、付加される表面歪量を変化させた。なお、表面歪量の測定は、予め、試験材16の表面に、図3に示すようなスクライブドサークル(SC)6を転写しておき、SC6の転写面の反対側に所定の加工を施したのち、ポンチ非接触側で糸状の可撓性物差しを用いて、試験材のほぼ中心位置でX方向とそれに直交するY方向の2方向について、SC6の大きさを測定し、表面歪に換算した。なお、測定するSC6は、試験材16の辺に平行な方向で評価する。なお、表面歪の評価箇所を切出して、化成処理性の評価を行った。
(3)加工パターンc1
加工パターンc1の加工は、試験板を図6に示す実部材形状(加工品)への加工とした。なお、表面歪の測定は、予め、試験板の表面に、図3に示すようなスクライブドサークル(SC)6を両面転写しておき、所定の加工を施したのち、加工品の外側および内側で、糸状の可撓性物差し(flexibility scale)を用いて、X方向とそれに直交するY方向の2方向について、SC6の大きさを測定し、表面歪に換算した。なお、測定するSC6は、一様に加工されている広い領域では、少なくとも3個以上とした。また、歪が局部的に集中している領域では、加工が局部的に集中する部分(コーナー部)を含む3個以上とした。しかし、10個を超えると、未加工部を含む場合があり、適正な表面歪の測定とならない。なお、表面歪の評価箇所を切出し、化成処理性の評価を行った。
(4)加工パターンc2
加工パターンc2の加工は、試験材(鋼管)を図7に示す実部材形状(加工品)への加工とした。なお、表面歪の測定は、予め、試験材(鋼管)の表面(外面)に、図3に示すようなスクライブドサークル(SC)6を転写しておき、所定の加工を施したのち、加工品の外側で、糸状の可撓性物差しを用いて、X方向とそれに直交するY方向の2方向について、SC6の大きさを測定し、表面歪に換算した(なお内側は外側と同じレベルの歪が付加されていると推定)。なお、測定するSC6は、一様に加工されている広い領域では、少なくとも3個とした。また、歪が局部的に集中している領域では、加工が局部的に集中する部分(コーナー部)を含む3個以上とした。しかし、10個を超えると、未加工部を含む場合があり、適正な表面歪の測定とならない。なお、表面歪の評価箇所を切出し、化成処理性の評価を行った。
脱脂処理(degreasing treatment)は、日本ペイント製薬液(drug solution made by Nippon Paint Co.,Ltd.):SD250HMを使用し、温度:42℃として、試験片表面に120s間吹き付ける処理とした。また、表面調整処理は、日本ペイント製薬液:5N−10を使用し、該薬液に室温環境で、30s間浸漬する処理とした。化成処理は、日本ペイント製薬液:SD2800を用い、液温:43±3℃として、TA(全リン酸濃度):20~26、FA(遊離酸濃度(free acid concentration)):0.7~0.9、AC(促進剤濃度(accelerator concentration)):2.8~3.5の条件で、該薬液に120s間浸漬した後、170℃×20minで焼成(baking)する処理とした。また、カチオン電着塗装処理は、日本ペイント製薬液:PN−150グレーを用い、液温:28℃、付加電圧(voltage):180V、処理時間(treating time):180sの条件で、凡そ膜厚:20~25μmの塗膜を形成する処理とした。
また、化成処理までを施された試験片5について、走査型電子顕微鏡(scanning electron microscope)(倍率(magnification ratio):1000倍)を用いて、内表面および外表面のリン酸鉄亜鉛結晶を観察した。リン酸鉄亜鉛結晶が緻密な「均一粒」で、かつ「スケなし」の場合を化成処理性良好(OK)、それ以外を不良(NG)と判断とした。なお、「均一粒」で、かつ「スケなし」の場合の定義は、上記した基礎的実験の場合と同様とした。
部材No.28、No.34は、素材である鋼材(鋼板No.6、No.8)で参考として記
6)を母板として電縫造管して電縫鋼管とした、鋼材No.7(部材No.29)では、化成処理性が向上している。部材No.29は、素材である鋼材(鋼材No.7:鋼管)で参考として記載したもので、電縫造管に際して付加された表面歪(円周方向)が所定値(5.0%)以上となっている。この電縫鋼管にさらに加工により表面歪を付加することにより、さらに化成処理性が向上している。
2:クロスカット
3:マスキング
4:最大片側フクレ幅
5:試験片(スケの有無用)
6:スクライブド・サークル
7:鋼帯
8:レベラー
9:ロール成形工程
10:電縫溶接工程
11:絞り矯正工程
12:管切断機
13:曲がり矯正工程
14:試験片(曲げ加工用)
15:芯材
16:試験片(張り出し成形用)
17:平底ポンチ
h:張り出し高さ
Claims (6)
- 質量%で、
C:0.05%以上、 Si:0.7%超え、
Mn:0.8%以上
を含有する組成の高強度鋼材に加工を施して部材とするにあたり、
前記加工を、該加工の各工程でそれぞれ付加される所定方向の表面歪の絶対値の和が、公称歪で5%以上となるように調整することを特徴とする化成処理性に優れた部材の加工方法。 - 前記所定方向の表面歪の絶対値の和を、直交する2方向にそれぞれ付加される表面歪の絶対値の和とすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の部材の加工方法。
- 前記加工の各工程でそれぞれ付加される所定方向の表面歪の絶対値の和が、前記高強度鋼材の製造時に付加された表面歪の絶対値の和との合計で、公称歪で5%以上となるように、前記加工の条件を調整することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の部材の加工方法。
- 前記高強度鋼材が、熱延材または冷延材であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の部材の加工方法。
- 前記組成が、質量%で、
C:0.05%以上、 Si:1%以上、
Mn:1.5%以上
を含有する組成であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の部材の加工方法。 - 前記加工の各工程でそれぞれ付加される所定方向の表面歪の絶対値の和が、公称歪で7%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の部材の加工方法。
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