WO2010041718A1 - トナー搬送ローラ、ローラ製造用金型およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
トナー搬送ローラ、ローラ製造用金型およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010041718A1 WO2010041718A1 PCT/JP2009/067574 JP2009067574W WO2010041718A1 WO 2010041718 A1 WO2010041718 A1 WO 2010041718A1 JP 2009067574 W JP2009067574 W JP 2009067574W WO 2010041718 A1 WO2010041718 A1 WO 2010041718A1
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- peripheral surface
- roller
- mold
- inner peripheral
- toner
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
- G03G15/0808—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the developer supplying means, e.g. structure of developer supply roller
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/42—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the shape of the moulding surface, e.g. ribs or grooves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a toner conveying roller used in an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer, and a facsimile machine.
- the present invention also relates to a roller manufacturing mold for manufacturing the toner conveying roller and a method for manufacturing the roller manufacturing mold. Furthermore, this invention relates to the roller manufactured using this metal mold
- copying in an electrophotographic apparatus can be performed, for example, as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, after 1) the toner in the toner box 61 is supplied to the surface of the developing roller 63 via the toner conveying roller 62, 2) the toner on the surface of the developing roller 63 is transferred to the developing roller 63. And the layer forming blade 64 are charged by frictional charging. 3) The charged toner is attached to the electrostatic latent image (original image) formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 65 to form a toner image. 4) Copying can be performed by transferring and fixing the toner image onto the copy paper by the transfer unit 66. The toner remaining on the surface of the developing roller 63 without being attached to the electrostatic latent image is scraped off by the toner conveying roller 62 and collected in the toner box 61 for reuse.
- urethane foam is integrally formed around a shaft body using a mold subjected to various processing as exemplified below.
- a roller having a fine opening recess (surface opening cell) having an average opening diameter of 150 to 300 ⁇ m for conveying toner on the surface has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a means such as etching, electric discharge (wire cutting), broaching, electroforming plating, or casting is used to extend on the inner peripheral surface of the die in the axial direction of the roller.
- a means such as etching, electric discharge (wire cutting), broaching, electroforming plating, or casting is used to extend on the inner peripheral surface of the die in the axial direction of the roller.
- the surface is provided with ridges extending in the axial direction at a height of 20 to 3000 ⁇ m and a pitch of 300 to 3000 ⁇ m to improve toner transportability and toner scraping performance.
- Roller is described.
- Patent Document 2 a rough opening recess having an average opening diameter of 1000 to 3000 ⁇ m, which is manufactured using a mold in which a hemispherical protrusion is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the mold by etching, is provided on the surface. A roller with improved toner scraping is described.
- Patent Document 3 an equivalent-circle diameter manufactured using a mold formed with a plurality of convex portions regularly arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the mold using an electroforming method or a ceramic shell mold method.
- a roller is described in which toner conveying properties and toner scraping properties are improved by regularly providing openings having an average value of 50 to 500 ⁇ m.
- a fine opening recessed part is a dent of the surface opening cell of urethane foam
- a coarse opening recessed part is a dent derived from the convex part on the mold surface.
- the mold according to the above prior art is manufactured using an etching process, an electric discharge process (wire cut), a broach process, an electroforming plating, a casting, an electroforming method, a ceramic shell mold method, etc.
- the (wire cutting), electroforming plating, electroforming method, and ceramic shell mold method have a problem that it is expensive and takes a long processing time when forming a deep recess.
- broaching has a problem that only groove-like irregularities can be formed.
- the etching process and casting have a problem that the manufacturing cost becomes high. For this reason, in the production of a mold used for the production of a roller having high toner transportability and good image characteristics as described above, it is possible to produce a mold easily at a low cost and in a short time. A method was also sought.
- a toner conveying roller according to the present invention includes a shaft body and a urethane foam layer provided on the outer periphery of the shaft body by integral molding.
- irregular irregularities are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer.
- this toner conveying roller since there is no regular unevenness on the outer peripheral surface of the roller, the trace of the ridge is not transferred to the image as in the prior art. This is because the toner supplied to the developing roller by the toner conveying roller having irregular irregularities is easily leveled by the layer forming blade.
- irregular irregularities are formed when the concave and convex portions (irregularities) of the same shape are periodically provided in both the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the urethane foam layer of the roller. It means not. Further, according to the toner conveying roller of the present invention, since the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer moves up and down with a curved surface due to the undulations of the concave portion and the convex portion, the fine opening concave portion on the roller surface and the curved surface are combined.
- the convex portion scoops up the toner and the concave portion holds the toner scooped up by the convex portion until the toner is supplied to the developing roller.
- the fine opening concave portion helps the convex portion to scoop up the toner, and also serves to prevent the toner from collapsing and to reliably hold the toner.
- the outer peripheral surface of the toner conveying roller of the present invention is wavy.
- FIG. 2 which is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of the toner conveying roller of the present invention
- the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer is wavy, the fine opening recesses on the roller surface and the wavy shape
- the toner in the toner box can be struck up and rolled up, so that the fluidity of the toner in the toner box can be improved and the flow of the rolled up toner is three-dimensional. This is because the agitation of the toner in the toner box can also be improved.
- the expression “undulate” or “undulate” means that the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 1 ⁇ m or more and the ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) is 5 ⁇ m or more, and the roughness is further increased. It means that the average length (RSm) of the curved elements is 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the toner conveying roller of the present invention has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 5 to 100 ⁇ m in the circumferential direction of the urethane foam layer on the outer circumferential surface, and ten points in the circumferential direction of the urethane foam layer on the outer circumferential surface.
- the average roughness (Rzjis) is preferably 20 to 400 ⁇ m. Since the rotation direction of the roller is the direction in which the toner is transferred to the developing roller, it is particularly important to secure the toner conveyance amount in the circumferential direction in the toner conveyance roller.
- the circumferential Ra of the urethane foam layer outer circumferential surface is set to 5 ⁇ m or more, In addition, by setting Rzjis to 20 ⁇ m or more, the toner transportability of the roller can be sufficiently improved. Further, by setting the Ra in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer to 100 ⁇ m or less and Rzjis to 400 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of roller fluff and urethane foam tearing.
- the toner conveying roller of the present invention has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) in the axial direction of the urethane foam layer on the outer peripheral surface of 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) in the axial direction of the urethane foam layer on the outer peripheral surface is preferably 20 to 400 ⁇ m. In this way, the toner transportability of the roller can be further enhanced.
- the average length (RSm) of the roughness curve element in the axial direction of the urethane foam layer on the outer peripheral surface is preferably 100 to 2000 ⁇ m.
- the toner conveyance amount in the circumferential direction is reduced.By setting the RSm in the axial direction of the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer to 100 ⁇ m or more, Since the width of the convex portion on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer is relatively wide compared to the case where RSm is 100 ⁇ m or less, the width of the convex portion of the roller is increased in the axial direction to cause the toner to fall off the roller.
- the amount of toner transport can be increased. Further, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of roller fluff and urethane foam tearing. On the other hand, by setting the RSm in the axial direction of the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer to 2000 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to reliably prevent the transfer of the trace of the convex portion to the image due to the convex portion of the roller.
- Ra, Rzjis, Rsk in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer described above can be evaluated by a method in accordance with JIS B 0633: 2001.
- a dimensional measuring instrument 51 manufactured by Keyence Corporation
- urethane foam from a reference line B a line extending from a virtual line V passing through the center of the roller shaft 1 in the axial direction
- a circumferential shape profile at a predetermined position of the roller is measured, and the circumferential Ra, Rzjis is measured from the measured shape profile.
- Rsk can be calculated.
- Ra, Rzjis, and RSm in the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer described above can also be evaluated by a method based on JIS B 0633: 2001.
- a urethane foam layer from a reference line B (a line extending from a virtual line V passing through the center of the shaft 1 of the roller in the axial direction) at a predetermined position of the roller by using a type dimension measuring device 51 (manufactured by Keyence Corporation) 2
- the distance l to the outer peripheral surface is measured while continuously moving the non-contact laser type dimension measuring instrument 51 in the axial direction (left direction in FIG. 5B) on the reference line, so that the roller at a predetermined position is measured.
- a shape profile in the axial direction can be measured, and Ra, Rzjis, and RSm in the axial direction can be calculated from the measured shape profile.
- a roller manufacturing die includes a substantially cylindrical die for forming a roller, Irregular irregularities are formed on the peripheral surface.
- this roller manufacturing mold irregular recesses and projections (irregularities) are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the mold, so that regular irregularities occur on the roller manufactured using the mold.
- irregular irregularities being formed means that concave portions and convex portions having the same shape are not periodically provided in any of the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the mold.
- the inner peripheral surface is wavy.
- FIG. 4 which shows a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of a mold according to an example of the present invention
- the inner peripheral surface of the mold is wavy
- the surface of the roller manufactured using the mold is kneaded. . Therefore, according to the mold having such a configuration, it is possible to manufacture a roller whose toner transportability is remarkably improved as compared with the prior art due to the combination of the fine opening recess on the roller surface and the wavy shape.
- the description of “undulate” or “undulate” in the present specification has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 1 ⁇ m or more and a ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) of 5 ⁇ m or more. Furthermore, it means that the average length (RSm) of the roughness curve element is 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the roller manufacturing die of the present invention has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) in the mold circumferential direction on the inner circumferential surface of 5 to 100 ⁇ m, and ten points in the mold circumferential direction on the inner circumferential surface.
- the average roughness (Rzjis) is preferably 20 to 400 ⁇ m. Since the rotation direction of the roller is the direction in which the toner is transferred to the developing roller, it is particularly important to secure the toner conveyance amount in the circumferential direction in the toner conveyance roller.
- the Ra in the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface of the mold is set to 5 ⁇ m or more.
- Rzjis 20 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to sufficiently improve the toner transportability of a roller manufactured using this mold. Further, by setting Ra in the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface of the mold to be 100 ⁇ m or less and Rzjis to be 400 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent occurrence of fluff of a roller manufactured using this mold and urethane foam cutting. Can do.
- the roller manufacturing die of the present invention has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) in the mold axis direction on the inner peripheral surface of 5 to More preferably, the ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) in the mold axis direction on the inner peripheral surface is 20 to 400 ⁇ m. In this way, the toner transportability of the roller manufactured using this mold can be further enhanced.
- the average length (RSm) of the roughness curve element in the mold axis direction on the inner peripheral surface is preferably 100 to 2000 ⁇ m.
- the toner conveyance amount in the circumferential direction is reduced.
- the skewness (Rsk) of the roughness curve in the mold circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface is preferably ⁇ 2 to 0.
- the Rsk in the circumferential direction of the mold is ⁇ 2 to 0, the Rsk in the circumferential direction of a roller manufactured using this mold is 0 to 2. If the Rsk in the circumferential direction of the roller is 0 or more, the volume of the toner conveying portion on the roller surface can be increased. If the Rsk in the circumferential direction of the roller is 2 or less, the fluff and the urethane foam can be broken. Can be prevented.
- Ra, Rzjis, RSm, Rsk of the mold inner peripheral surface described above can be evaluated by a method based on JIS B0633: 2001, for example, by cutting a 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm sample piece from the manufactured mold, The circumferential direction and the axial direction of the sample piece can be evaluated by measuring the surface with a stylus type surface roughness meter (Tokyo Seimitsu Surfcom 1400D).
- a stylus type surface roughness meter Tokyo Seimitsu Surfcom 1400D.
- the method for manufacturing a roller manufacturing mold according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a roller manufacturing mold, wherein (1) particles are applied to an inner peripheral surface of a substantially cylindrical mold member;
- a powder sintering process comprising: forming a substantially cylindrical mold by forming irregularities on the inner peripheral surface of the mold member by heating the mold member having the particles on the inner peripheral surface and sintering the particles Or (2) coating the inner circumferential surface of the substantially cylindrical mold member, and coating the inner circumferential surface on which the particles are coated with a fluororesin to form the inner circumferential surface of the mold member.
- Forming a substantially cylindrical mold by forming irregularities on the substrate, and a fluorine coating process.
- a mold having irregularities formed on the inner peripheral surface can be manufactured by simply sintering or fluororesin-coating the mold member coated with particles on the inner peripheral surface.
- a mold can be easily manufactured at low cost and in a short time.
- the roller of the present invention is characterized by being manufactured using the above-described roller manufacturing die.
- the toner transport roller of the present invention it is possible to provide a toner transport roller that has high toner transportability and is difficult to transfer to the image.
- roller manufacturing die of the present invention it is possible to provide a die capable of manufacturing a toner transporting roller that has high toner transportability and whose roller shape is difficult to be transferred to an image.
- a die having irregularities formed on the inner peripheral surface of the die can be easily manufactured at low cost and in a short time.
- the roller manufactured using the roller manufacturing die of the present invention it is possible to provide a toner transport roller that has high toner transportability and is difficult to transfer the roller shape to an image.
- FIG. 3 is a front view showing a roller as an example of a toner conveying roller of the present invention. It is the typical expanded sectional view which expanded the cross section of the part II enclosed with the broken line of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a front view showing a mold as an example of a mold for manufacturing a toner conveying roller of the present invention. It is the typical expanded sectional view which expanded the cross section of the part IV enclosed with the broken line of FIG.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams for explaining a method of measuring the outer peripheral surface roughness of the urethane foam layer of the toner conveying roller of the present invention, FIG. 5A shows the surface roughness in the circumferential direction, and FIG. 5B shows the axial direction. A method for measuring the surface roughness will be described. It is the schematic which shows an example of a known electrophotographic apparatus.
- the roller 10 as an example of the toner conveying roller of the present invention is formed by integrally molding an elastic body such as urethane foam on a shaft body, and is provided on the shaft body 1 and the outer periphery of the shaft body 1 as shown in FIG. And a substantially cylindrical urethane foam layer 2.
- the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer 2 has the desired outer peripheral surface roughness [arithmetic average roughness (Ra), ten-point average roughness (Rzjis), average length of roughness curve elements (RSm) as described above. ), Roughness curve skewness (Rsk)].
- a toner conveying roller 10 having a substantially cylindrical urethane foam layer 2 formed around the shaft 1 as shown in FIG. 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer 2.
- irregular irregularities concave portions 21 and convex portions 22
- a cell opening 23 is present on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer 2.
- the roller 10 is manufactured by a desired inner peripheral surface roughness [arithmetic average roughness (Ra), ten-point average roughness (Rzjis), average length of roughness curve element (RSm), roughness curve It can be carried out in accordance with a conventional method using a die as an example of a die for producing a roller of the present invention having a skewness (Rsk)] and a wavy inner peripheral surface.
- a cylindrical die (cylindrical die) 3 having a length substantially equal to the length of the roller to be formed in the axial direction, and a detachable member that closes both ends of the cylindrical die 3.
- the cap 4 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical mold 3 using a mold provided with a shaft body support portion 5 for supporting the shaft body 1 during roller molding. Accordingly, after applying a release agent such as silicon, the shaft body 1 is set as shown in FIG. 3, and a raw material mixture obtained by appropriately adding an additive to a urethane foam raw material composed of a polyol component and an isocyanate component is used as a mold. 1 is manufactured by integrally forming the urethane foam layer 2 on the outer periphery of the shaft body 1.
- the mold as an example of the mold for manufacturing a roller of the present invention is for manufacturing a toner conveying roller by integrally forming an elastic body such as urethane foam on a shaft body.
- irregular irregularities concave portions 31 and convex portions 32
- FIG. 4 irregular irregularities (concave portions 31 and convex portions 32) are formed as shown in a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view in which the cross section of the portion IV surrounded by the broken line in FIG. 3 is enlarged. Due to the irregular irregularities, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical mold 3 has the desired inner peripheral surface roughness [arithmetic average roughness (Ra), ten-point average roughness (Rzjis), roughness as described above].
- the irregular irregularities on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer 2 of the roller 10 are irregular irregularities (concave portions 31 and 32) formed on the inner peripheral surface of the mold used for manufacturing the toner conveying roller 10.
- the outer peripheral surface roughness can be controlled by adjusting the inner peripheral surface roughness of the inner peripheral surface of the mold.
- the inner peripheral surface roughness of the inner peripheral surface of the mold is, for example, an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 5 to 100 ⁇ m and a ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) of 20 to 20 in both the circumferential direction and the axial direction.
- the roughness curve element can have an average length (RSm) of 100 to 2000 ⁇ m and a roughness curve skewness (Rsk) of ⁇ 2 to 0.
- the cylindrical mold 3 having a desired inner peripheral surface roughness and having an inner peripheral surface wavy (irregular irregularities are formed) uses, for example, the methods described in the following (1) to (3) Can be manufactured at low cost and easily, but the skewness of the inner peripheral surface of the manufactured mold can be set to a negative value, that is, the skewness of a roller manufactured using a mold can be set to a positive value. In that respect, it is particularly preferable to produce using the methods described in (2) and (3).
- (1) Blasting Irregularly for example, by spraying an abrasive such as alumina on the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical member (mold member) such as an aluminum pipe (A6063) to process the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member.
- a cylindrical shape having irregularities on the inner peripheral surface can be manufactured.
- the inner peripheral surface roughness of the mold can be controlled by adjusting the particle size and shape of the abrasive, the discharge pressure of the abrasive, and the discharge time (processing time) of the abrasive.
- (2) Powder sintering After applying a binder such as a spray paste, for example, to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member, for example, metal particles made of copper alone or a mixture of copper and SUS are applied. By sintering the metal particles, a cylindrical mold having irregular irregularities on the inner peripheral surface can be produced.
- the inner peripheral surface roughness of the mold can be controlled by adjusting the particle diameter and the coating amount of the metal particles to be applied, and the sintering temperature.
- the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member is coated with particles made of resin or metal such as PTFE, and the inner peripheral surface with the particles coated is made of, for example, PTFE, PFA, FEP, PAI, PEEK, etc.
- a fluorine-based coating agent and coating the inner peripheral surface with a fluororesin By applying a fluorine-based coating agent and coating the inner peripheral surface with a fluororesin, a cylindrical shape having irregular irregularities on the inner peripheral surface can be manufactured.
- the inner peripheral surface roughness of the mold can be controlled by adjusting the particle diameter and shape of the particles to be applied, and the amount of particles applied.
- the inner peripheral surface of the mold manufactured by this method is coated with a fluororesin, the mold releasability is high and fuzz is hardly generated.
- the cylindrical mold 3 can be formed by rolling using a piece having an irregular concavo-convex shape, or by rounding an irregular concavo-convex emboss plate into a pipe. Can be manufactured.
- polyol component of the urethane foam raw material examples include polyether polyols obtained by addition polymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, polytetramethylene ether glycol, polyester polyols obtained by condensing acidic components and glycol components, and polyester polyols obtained by ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone. Polycarbonate diol and the like can be used.
- polyether polyols obtained by addition polymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide include water, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol, triethanolamine, diglycerin, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, and methylglycol.
- examples include addition polymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide starting from cogit, aromatic diamine, sorbitol, sucrose, phosphoric acid, etc., and in particular, water, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, Those starting from methylolpropane and hexanetriol are preferred.
- the ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to be added and the microstructure are such that the ratio of ethylene oxide is preferably 2 to 95% by mass, more preferably 5 to 90% by mass, and ethylene at the end.
- Oxide is preferably added.
- the arrangement of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in the molecular chain is preferably random.
- the polyether polyol is bifunctional when water, propylene glycol, or ethylene glycol is used as a starting material, and preferably has a mass average molecular weight in the range of 300 to 6000, more preferably in the range of 3000 to 5000.
- glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and hexanetriol are used as starting materials, they are trifunctional and preferably have a mass average molecular weight of 900 to 9000, more preferably 4000 to 8000. It is also possible to use a mixture of a bifunctional polyol and a trifunctional polyol. In the case where the number of functional groups is small and the number of functional groups is the same, a higher molecular weight is desirable because a high elongation at break of the urethane foam layer can be realized.
- Polytetramethylene ether glycol can be obtained, for example, by cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran, and those having a mass average molecular weight in the range of 400 to 4000, particularly in the range of 650 to 3000 can be suitably used. It is also preferable to use a mixture of polytetramethylene ether glycols having different molecular weights. In addition, polytetramethylene ether glycol obtained by copolymerizing alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide can also be used.
- polytetramethylene ether glycol and polyether polyol obtained by addition polymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide
- polyol component it is more preferable to use a mixture having a mixing ratio (polytetramethylene ether glycol: polyether polyol) in a mass ratio of 95: 5 to 20:80, particularly 90:10 to 50:50. .
- a polymer polyol obtained by modifying the polyol with acrylonitrile, a polyol obtained by adding melamine to the polyol, a diol such as butanediol, a polyol such as trimethylolpropane, or a derivative thereof can be used in combination.
- examples of the isocyanate component used for the urethane foam raw material include aromatic isocyanates or derivatives thereof, aliphatic isocyanates or derivatives thereof, and alicyclic isocyanates or derivatives thereof.
- aromatic isocyanate or a derivative thereof is preferable, and tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) or a derivative thereof, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or a derivative thereof is particularly preferably used.
- Tolylene diisocyanate or derivatives thereof include crude tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, a mixture of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, or These urea-modified products, burette-modified products, carbodiimide-modified products, urethane-modified products modified with polyols, and the like can be used.
- diphenylmethane diisocyanate or a derivative thereof for example, diphenylmethane diisocyanate or a derivative thereof obtained by phosgenating diaminodiphenylmethane or a derivative thereof can be used.
- Examples of the derivatives of diaminodiphenylmethane include polynuclear bodies, and pure diphenylmethane diisocyanate obtained from diaminodiphenylmethane, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate obtained from the polynuclear body of diaminodiphenylmethane, and the like can be used.
- polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate a mixture of pure diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate having various functional groups is usually used, and the average functional group number is preferably 2.05 to 4.00, more preferably 2.50. A value of ⁇ 3.50 is used.
- Derivatives obtained by modifying these diphenylmethane diisocyanates or derivatives thereof such as urethane modified products modified with polyols, dimers formed by uretidione formation, isocyanurate modified products, carbodiimide / uretonimine modified products, allophanate modified products , Urea-modified products, burette-modified products, and the like can also be used. Also, a mixture of several types of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and derivatives thereof can be used.
- the isocyanate may be prepolymerized with a polyol in advance.
- the polyol and the isocyanate are put in a suitable container and sufficiently stirred, and the mixture is stirred at 30 to 90 ° C, more preferably 40 to 70 ° C.
- a method of storing for 240 hours, more preferably 24 to 72 hours is mentioned.
- the ratio of polyol to isocyanate is preferably adjusted so that the isocyanate content of the resulting prepolymer is 4 to 30% by mass, more preferably 6 to 15% by mass.
- the isocyanate content is less than 4% by mass, the stability of the prepolymer is impaired, and the prepolymer may be cured during storage, making it impossible to use. Moreover, when the isocyanate content exceeds 30% by mass, the amount of isocyanate added during preparation increases and the content of non-prepolymerized isocyanate increases. The effect of using the prepolymer method is diminished because the polyol component used in the polyurethane curing reaction reacts and cures by a reaction mechanism similar to the one-shot production method without undergoing a prepolymerization reaction.
- diols such as ethylene glycol and butanediol
- polyols such as trimethylolpropane and sorbitol, and derivatives thereof Can also be used.
- the urethane foam raw material mixture may contain, as desired, foaming agents (water, low-boiling substances, gas bodies, etc.), surfactants, catalysts, foam stabilizers, etc.
- foaming agents water, low-boiling substances, gas bodies, etc.
- surfactants catalysts, foam stabilizers, etc.
- the urethane foam layer can be made into a desired structure.
- a flame retardant, a filler, a conductive agent such as an ionic conductive agent or an electronic conductive agent, a known filler, a crosslinking agent, or the like can be used as appropriate.
- ionic conductive agents examples include tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium (eg, lauryltrimethylammonium), hexadecyltrimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium (eg, steatrimethylammonium), benzyltrimethylammonium, modified fatty acid dimethylethyl
- perchlorates such as ammonium, sulfates, alkyl sulfates, carboxylates and sulfonates
- perchlorates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium
- alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium
- examples thereof include chlorate, hydrochloride, bromate, iodate, borofluoride, trifluoromethyl sulfate, and sulfonate.
- Examples of the electronic conductive agent include conductive carbon such as ketjen black and acetylene black; rubber carbon such as SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, GPE, SRF, FT, and MT; for ink subjected to oxidation treatment
- Examples thereof include carbon, pyrolytic carbon, natural graphite, artificial graphite, conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide; metals such as nickel, copper, silver, and germanium.
- These conductive agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected as desired. Usually, the blending amount is 0.1 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 20 parts per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of polyol and isocyanate. It mix
- Catalysts used for urethane foam curing reactions include monoamines such as triethylamine and dimethylcyclohexylamine, diamines such as tetramethylethylenediamine, tetramethylpropanediamine, and tetramethylhexanediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, tetra Triamines such as methylguanidine, triethylenediamine, dimethylpiperazine, methylethylpiperazine, cyclic amines such as methylmorpholine, dimethylaminoethylmorpholine, dimethylimidazole, dimethylaminoethanol, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, methylhydroxy Alcohol amines such as ethylpiperazine, hydroxyethylmorpholine, Ether amines such as bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether and ethylene glycol bis
- a silicone foam stabilizer and various surfactants to the urethane foam raw material mixture in order to stabilize the cells of the foam material.
- a dimethylpolysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer or the like is preferably used, and particularly preferably one comprising a dimethylpolysiloxane moiety having a molecular weight of 350 to 15000 and a polyoxyalkylene moiety having a molecular weight of 200 to 4000.
- the molecular structure of the polyoxyalkylene moiety is preferably an addition polymer of ethylene oxide or a co-addition polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and its molecular terminal is preferably ethylene oxide.
- the surfactant include cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, ionic surfactants such as amphoteric, nonionic surfactants such as various polyethers and various polyesters. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the silicone foam stabilizer and various surfactants is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polyol component and the isocyanate component. More preferably.
- a conventionally used method such as a mechanical froth method (a method of foaming by mechanical stirring while mixing an inert gas), a water foaming method, a foaming agent froth method, or the like is used.
- the inert gas used in the mechanical froth method may be an inert gas in the polyurethane reaction, and the inert gas includes, in addition to inert gases in a narrow sense such as helium, argon, xenon, radon, krypton. Gases that do not react with urethane foam raw materials such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and dry air can be used.
- the urethane foam layer has a cell opening communicating from the inside on the surface, and the presence of such a cell opening allows the toner to be satisfactorily supplied from the inside of the foam.
- the diameter of the cell opening is 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, and the number of openings per cm 2 of the urethane foam surface is 100 to 2000. Formation of a urethane foam for obtaining a structure having such a cell opening can be performed based on the prior art by a combination of a polyurethane blend and a release agent.
- the shaft used in the roller of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a steel material such as sulfur free-cutting steel plated with nickel or zinc, or a metal such as iron, stainless steel, or aluminum
- a metal shaft such as a cored bar made of a solid substance made of metal or a cylindrical body made of a metal hollowed out inside can be used.
- a toner conveying roller 10 produced by using the urethane foam raw material and additives and a mold and having a substantially cylindrical urethane foam layer 2 formed around the shaft body 1 as shown in FIG.
- the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer 2 is irregular as shown in FIG. 2 in a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view in which the cross-section of the portion II surrounded by the broken line in FIG. 1 is enlarged.
- Concavities and convexities are formed.
- the above-described cell opening 23 (caliber: 50 to 1000 ⁇ m) is present on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer 2.
- the irregular irregularities on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer 2 have a shape corresponding to the irregular irregularities formed on the inner peripheral surface of the mold used for manufacturing the toner conveying roller 10,
- the urethane foam layer 2 has a desired outer peripheral surface roughness, for example, an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 5 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 8 to 30 ⁇ m, and a ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) for both the circumferential direction and the axial direction.
- the outer peripheral surface is 2 to 1.2.
- the outer peripheral surface roughness is a shape in which irregular irregularities on the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer 2 correspond to the irregularities on the inner peripheral surface of the mold used for manufacturing. It can be controlled by adjusting the roughness.
- the Ra in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the urethane foam layer 2 is 5 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably the particle diameter of the toner to be conveyed or more, the toner can be stably conveyed. Further, if the Ra in the circumferential direction and the axial direction are set to 100 ⁇ m or less, the occurrence of fluff and foam breaks can be further suppressed, and the occurrence of image vertical stripes can be reduced. If Ra is 8 ⁇ m or more, a toner having an average particle diameter of 3 to 8 ⁇ m suitable for high-speed and high-quality printing can be stably conveyed.
- Ra is 30 ⁇ m or less, when the manufactured roller is taken out of the mold, the occurrence of friction between the mold and the urethane foam layer is suppressed by the flexibility, stretchability and slipperiness of the urethane foam. Because it can be done, it is difficult for fuzz and foam to break.
- the Rzjis in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the urethane foam layer 2 is set to 20 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to sufficiently secure the height of the convex portion necessary for scraping the toner. Further, if the Rzjis in the circumferential direction and the axial direction is set to 400 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to suppress the generation of friction between the mold and the urethane foam layer when taking out from the manufactured roller mold. Form tears are unlikely to occur.
- the RSm in the axial direction of the urethane foam layer 2 is set to 100 ⁇ m or more, the toner is reliably held on the convex portion, and thus it is possible to prevent the toner from falling off. Also. If the RSm in the axial direction is 2000 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent the rear of the convex portion from being transferred to the image.
- the toner conveyed using the roller 10 is not particularly limited, and for example, a polymerized toner having an average particle diameter of 3 to 8 ⁇ m can be used.
- a toner having an average particle size of 3 to 8 ⁇ m is suitable for high-speed and high-quality printing, and a polymerized toner has a uniform particle size and higher transfer efficiency than a pulverized toner. This is because polymerized toner having a uniform particle size is piled up in a close-packed manner, so that in the roller 10 that holds and conveys the toner in the concave portion, the toner holding amount in the concave portion becomes larger than in the case of the pulverized toner. .
- the polymerized toner a random copolymer of styrene and butyl acrylate containing a charge control agent, a pigment and the like, mainly wax, is polymerized, and a polyester thin layer is further polymerized on the surface of the polymer to obtain silica fine particles and the like.
- Examples include externally added items.
- the non-magnetic one-component color polymerization toner can control the toner particle size smaller and more uniformly than conventional toners, so that it is easy to control chargeability and fluidity and easily lower the melting point. It is particularly suitable as a toner for image quality printing.
- Example 1 Using the method described above, a mold having an inner peripheral surface shape shown in Table 1 below was produced. And the toner conveyance roller which has a urethane foam layer in an outer peripheral surface was produced by the normal method using the produced metal mold
- Example 3 A toner conveying roller was manufactured by cutting a urethane foam block into a cylindrical shape using a known means such as polishing with a grindstone without using a mold. The produced roller was evaluated for the urethane foam outer peripheral surface roughness and the like in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 7. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 to 13 Using the method described above, a mold having an inner peripheral surface shape shown in Table 2 below was produced. And the toner conveyance roller which has a urethane foam layer in an outer peripheral surface was produced by the normal method using the produced metal mold
- the laser emitting side and the laser receiving side of the non-contact laser size measuring instrument are placed at a position 3 cm away from the imaginary line passing through the center of the roller shaft in the axial direction. Is measured by continuously measuring the distance from the non-contact laser type dimension measuring device to the outer peripheral surface of the urethane foam layer by measuring the position blocked by the roller located between the firing side and the receiving side. Circumferential and axial shape profiles were measured. Then, Ra, Rzjis, RSm, and Rsk were calculated from the measured shape profile by a method based on JIS B0633: 2001.
- the obtained urethane foam of the roller was filled with toner, rolled in a state where it was pushed in by 1 mm, and the weight of the toner discharged per width of 220 mm and the rolling distance of 50 mm was measured.
- Image density A roller was mounted on a corresponding printer, and an image reading test was performed. The case where the image density reached the specified value was indicated as ⁇ (very good), the case where the image density was the same as the specified value was indicated as ⁇ (good), and the case where the image density did not reach was indicated as x (defect).
- roller (Presence or absence of transfer of convex shape to the image)
- the roller was mounted on a corresponding printer, and an image reading test was conducted to visually check whether the roller surface shape was transferred to the printed image.
- a case where the roller surface shape was not transferred was indicated as ⁇ (very good), a transfer was observed, but a level where there was no problem was indicated as ⁇ (good), and a case where it was transferred was indicated as x (defective).
- the roller was mounted on a corresponding printer, and an image reading test was performed. The roller after the test was visually checked for fuzz and broken foam.
- the outer peripheral surface of the roller preferably has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) in both the circumferential direction and the axial direction of 5 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 8 to 30 ⁇ m, and ten points.
- the average roughness (Rzjis) is preferably 20 to 400 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m, and the average length (RSm) of the roughness curve element in the axial direction is preferably 100 to 2000 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is more preferably 150 to 800 ⁇ m
- the skewness (Rsk) of the circumferential roughness curve is preferably 0 to 2, and more preferably 0.2 to 1.2.
- the inner peripheral surface of the mold preferably has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) in both the circumferential direction and the axial direction of 5 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 8 to 30 ⁇ m, and a ten-point average roughness.
- Rzjis is preferably 20 to 400 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m
- the average length (RSm) of the roughness curve element in the axial direction is preferably 100 to 2000 ⁇ m, and 150 to 800 ⁇ m.
- the skewness (Rsk) of the circumferential roughness curve is preferably ⁇ 2 to 0, and more preferably ⁇ 1.2 to ⁇ 0.2.
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Abstract
Description
なお、微細開口凹部とは、ウレタンフォームの表面開口セルの凹みであり、粗大開口凹部とは、金型表面の凸部由来の凹みのことである。
(1)ブラスト
例えばアルミパイプ(A6063)等の筒状部材(型部材)の内周面に、例えばアルミナ等の研磨剤を吹き付けて、筒状部材の内周面を加工することにより、不規則な凹凸を内周面に有する円筒型を製造することができる。ここで、型の内周面粗さは、研磨剤の粒径および形状、研磨剤の吐出圧、並びに研磨剤の吐出時間(加工時間)を調整することにより制御することができる。
(2)粉体焼結
筒状部材の内周面に、必要に応じて例えばスプレーのり等のバインダーを塗布した上で、例えば銅単体または銅とSUSとの混合物からなる金属粒子を塗着し、該金属粒子を焼結することにより、不規則な凹凸を内周面に有する円筒型を製造することができる。ここで、型の内周面粗さは、塗着する金属粒子の粒径および塗着量、並びに焼結温度を調整することにより制御することができる。なお、バインダーを塗布して焼結を行う場合、バインダーは焼結中に気化するため、製造した金型の内周面にバインダーが残留してローラの形成に悪影響を与えることは無い。
(3)フッ素コーティング
筒状部材の内周面に、PTFE等の樹脂または金属からなる粒子を塗着し、該粒子を塗着した内周面に例えばPTFE、PFA、FEP、PAI、PEEK等のフッ素系コーティング剤を塗布して内周面をフッ素樹脂でコーティングすることにより、不規則な凹凸を内周面に有する円筒型を製造することができる。ここで、型の内周面粗さは、塗着する粒子の粒径および形状、並びに粒子の塗着量を調整することにより制御することができる。なお、この方法で製造した金型は、内周面がフッ素樹脂でコーティングされているので、離型性が高く、また、毛羽立ちが生じ難い。
なお、上記(1)~(3)以外にも、不規則な凹凸形状を有するコマを用いた転造や、不規則凹凸形状のエンボス板を丸めてパイプ化することによっても、円筒型3を製造することができる。
上述した方法を用いて、下記表1に示す内周面形状を有する金型を作製した。そして、作製した金型を用いて、ウレタンフォーム層を外周面に有するトナー搬送ローラを通常の方法で作製した。作製した金型およびトナー搬送ローラについて、金型内周面粗さ、ウレタンフォーム層外周面粗さ、トナー搬送性、画像濃度、画像への凸部形状の転写、毛羽立ちおよびフォーム千切れの有無、並びに画像縦スジを下記の方法で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
既知の手段を用いて、下記表1に示す内周面形状を有する金型を作製した(例えば、特許第3536598号公報参照)。そして、作製した金型を用いて、ウレタンフォーム層を外周面に有するトナー搬送ローラを通常の方法で作製した。作製した金型およびローラについて、実施例1~7と同様にして金型内周面粗さ等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
既知の手段を用いて、下記表1に示す内周面形状を有する金型を作製した(例えば、特開2007-121698号公報参照)。そして、作製した金型を用いて、ウレタンフォーム層を外周面に有するトナー搬送ローラを通常の方法で作製した。作製した金型およびローラについて、実施例1~7と同様にして金型内周面粗さ等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
金型を使用することなく、砥石による研磨等の既知の手段を用いてウレタンフォームのブロックを円筒形に削ることにより、トナー搬送ローラを作製した。作製したローラについて、実施例1~7と同様にしてウレタンフォーム外周面粗さ等を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
上述した方法を用いて、下記表2に示す内周面形状を有する金型を作製した。そして、作製した金型を用いて、ウレタンフォーム層を外周面に有するトナー搬送ローラを通常の方法で作製した。作製した金型およびローラについて、実施例1~7と同様にして金型内周面粗さ等の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
既知の手段を用いて、下記表2に示す内周面形状を有する金型を作製した(例えば、特開2007-121698号公報参照)。そして、作製した金型を用いて、ウレタンフォーム層を外周面に有するトナー搬送ローラを通常の方法で作製した。作製した金型およびローラについて、実施例1~7と同様にして金型内周面粗さ等の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
金型から10mm×10mmの試料片を切り取り、該試料片の周方向および軸線方向について表面を触針式表面粗さ計(東京精密製 サーフコム1400D)で測定し、各試料片のRa、Rzjis、RSm、RskをJIS B0633:2001に準拠した方法で評価した。
ローラの軸体の中心を軸線方向に貫通する仮想線から3cm離れた位置に非接触レーザー式寸法測定器(キーエンス社製)のレーザー発射側およびレーザー受け側をそれぞれ配置し、線上に照射したレーザーが発射側と受け側との間に位置するローラにより遮られる位置を測定することで、該非接触レーザー式寸法測定器からウレタンフォーム層外周面までの距離を連続的に測定することにより、ローラの周方向および軸線方向の形状プロファイルを測定した。そして、該測定した形状プロファイルからJIS B0633:2001に準拠した方法でRa、Rzjis、RSm、Rskを算出した。
得られたローラのウレタンフォームにトナーを満たして、1mm押し込んだ状態で転がし、幅220mm、転がし距離50mm当たりに吐き出されたトナー重量を測定した。
ローラを対応するプリンタに装着して画像だしテストを行い、マクベス濃度計を用いて画像濃度を測定した。画像濃度が規定値に達しているものを○(非常に良好)、規定値と同程度のものを△(良好)、達していないものを×(不良)とした。
ローラを対応するプリンタに装着して画像だしテストを行い、ローラ表面形状が印刷画像に転写されていないか目視で確認した。ローラ表面形状が転写されていないものを○(非常に良好)、転写が見られるが、問題の無いレベルのものを△(良好)、転写されているものを×(不良)とした。
ローラを対応するプリンタに装着して画像だしテストを行い、試験後のローラについて毛羽立ちおよびフォーム千切れの有無を目視で確認した。
ローラを対応するプリンタに装着して画像だしテストを行い、印刷画像に毛羽やフォーム千切れに起因する縦スジが見られないか目視で確認した。縦スジが見られないものを○(非常に良好)、縦スジが見られるが、問題の無いレベルのものを△(良好)、見られるものを×(不良)とした。
Claims (14)
- 軸体と、該軸体の外周に一体成形により設けられたウレタンフォーム層とを備えるトナー搬送ローラにおいて、
前記ウレタンフォーム層の外周面に、不規則な凹凸を形成されていることを特徴とする、トナー搬送ローラ。 - 前記外周面がうねっていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のトナー搬送ローラ。
- 前記外周面におけるウレタンフォーム層周方向の算術平均粗さRaが、5~100μmであり、且つ、
前記外周面におけるウレタンフォーム層周方向の十点平均粗さRzjisが、20~400μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のトナー搬送ローラ。 - 前記外周面におけるウレタンフォーム層軸線方向の算術平均粗さRaが、5~100μmであり、且つ、
前記外周面におけるウレタンフォーム層軸線方向の十点平均粗さRzjisが、20~400μmであることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載のトナー搬送ローラ。 - 前記外周面におけるウレタンフォーム層軸線方向の粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSmが、100~2000μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1~4の何れかに記載のトナー搬送ローラ。
- 前記外周面におけるウレタンフォーム層周方向の粗さ曲線のスキューネスRskが、0~2であることを特徴とする、請求項1~5の何れかに記載のトナー搬送ローラ。
- ローラを形成するための略円筒形の型を備え、
前記型の内周面に、不規則な凹凸を形成されていることを特徴とする、ローラ製造用金型。 - 前記内周面がうねっていることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のローラ製造用金型。
- 前記内周面における型周方向の算術平均粗さRaが、5~100μmであり、且つ、
前記内周面における型周方向の十点平均粗さRzjisが、20~400μmであることを特徴とする、請求項7または8に記載のローラ製造用金型。 - 前記内周面における型軸線方向の算術平均粗さRaが、5~100μmであり、且つ、
前記内周面における型軸線方向の十点平均粗さRzjisが、20~400μmであることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載のローラ製造用金型。 - 前記内周面における型軸線方向の粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSmが、100~2000μmであることを特徴とする、請求項7~10の何れかに記載のローラ製造用金型。
- 前記内周面における型周方向の粗さ曲線のスキューネスRskが、-2~0であることを特徴とする、請求項7~11の何れかに記載のローラ製造用金型。
- ローラ製造用金型の製造方法であって、
略円筒形の型部材の内周面に粒子を塗着することと、
前記粒子を内周面に有する型部材を加熱し該粒子を焼結することにより前記型部材の内周面に凹凸を形成して略円筒形の型を形成することとを含む粉体焼結工程、
または、
略円筒形の型部材の内周面に粒子を塗着することと、
粒子が塗着されている内周面をフッ素樹脂でコーティングすることにより前記型部材の内周面に凹凸を形成して略円筒形の型を形成することとを含むフッ素コーティング工程、
を含むことを特徴とする、ローラ製造用金型の製造方法。 - 請求項7~12の何れかに記載のローラ製造用金型を用いて製造した、ローラ。
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WO2014188873A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-22 | 2014-11-27 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 現像剤供給ローラおよびその製造方法 |
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CN105247418B (zh) * | 2013-05-22 | 2019-10-11 | 株式会社普利司通 | 显影剂供给辊和其制造方法 |
JP2016099516A (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-30 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 現像剤供給ローラ及びその製造方法、並びに画像形成装置 |
JP2017105065A (ja) * | 2015-12-09 | 2017-06-15 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 樹脂成型品、及び、車両用表示装置 |
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Also Published As
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US9310712B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
CN102224461A (zh) | 2011-10-19 |
US20110206421A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
CN102224461B (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
JP5438684B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
JPWO2010041718A1 (ja) | 2012-03-08 |
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