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Definitions

• This invention relates to azaindazoles that are useful as antagonists of CCRl activity and are thus useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of CCRl including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
• This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.
• Chemotactic Cytokine Receptor 1 belongs to a large family (>20) of chemotactic cytokine (chemokine) receptors that interact with specific chemokines (>50) to mediate leukocyte trafficking, granule exocytosis, gene transcription, mitogenic effects and apoptosis. Chemokines are best known for their ability to mediate basal and inflammatory leukocyte trafficking.
• chemokines MIP-I alpha/CCL3, MCP3/CCL7 and RANTES/CCL5
• RA rheumatoid arthritis
• MS multiple sclerosis
• Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-I alpha), macrophage chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3) and regulated on activation, normal T- cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) are all found in the CNS of MS patients, while MIP-I alpha and RANTES are found in the CNS in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS (Review: Gerard and Rollins (2001) Nature Immunology). Macrophages and ThI cells in the inflamed synovia of RA patients are also major producers of MIP-I alpha and RANTES, which continuously recruit leukocytes to the synovial tissues of RA patients to propagate chronic inflammation (Volin et al. (1998) Clin.
• mice with antibodies specific for the CCRl ligand MIP-I alpha have also been shown to be effective in preventing development of acute and relapsing EAE by reducing the numbers of T cells and macrophages recruited to the CNS (Karpus et al. (1995) /. Immunology; Karpus and Kennedy (1997) /. Leukocyte Biology).
• at least one CCRl ligand has been demonstrated to recruit leukocytes to the CNS and propagate chronic inflammation in EAE, providing further in vivo validation for the role of CCRl in EAE and MS.
• the present invention provides novel compounds which block the interaction of CCRl and its ligands and are thus useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of CCRl including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
• This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.
• W is carbon and Y is nitrogen or, W is nitrogen and Y is carbon;
• Ari is carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl each optionally substituted by one to three
• Ar 2 is carbocycle, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted by one to three
• Ri is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxyCi-6 alkyl
• R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkenyl, wherein the Ci_ 6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from cyano, C 1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl, -CO 2 C 1 - 6 alkyl, - C(O)N(R 6 )(R f ), -N(R 6 )(R f ) and heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo;
• Ra is Ci-6 alkyl, C 3-1 O cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkylthio, Cr 6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonyl, amino, mono-or di-Ci-6 alkylamino, C3-6 cycloalkylamino, Cr 6 alkylaminocarbonyl, Cr 6 acyl, Cr 6 acylamino, Cr 6 dialkylaminocarbonyl, hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, R -J -S(O) 1n -NH-, R.j-NH-S(O) m -, aryl or carboxyl; Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, -(CH 2 ) n -CN, -(CH 2 )n-CO 2 C 1 -6alkyl, nitro, -SO 3 H, d- 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2
• each R c , Rj are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, Cr 6 acyl, C 3 _io cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, cyano-Ci-6 alkyl, Cr 6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-6 alkoxycarbonylCo-salkyl, -(CH 2 ) n -C(0)-NR e Rf or -(CH 2 ) n -NR e R f ;
• each R e , R f are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, C 3 _io cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkoxyCi_6alkyl, mono-or diCi_6alkylaminoCi_6alkyl, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl or Cr 6 acyl;
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl (CH 2 ) O-1 , mono-or di-Q- 6 alkylamino, mono-or di-i_ 6 alkylamino(CH 2 ) 2 _ 3 N(R e )-, aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 Cr 6 alkyl, C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, Cr ⁇ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NR e Rf, amino, mono-or di-Q-6 alkylamino, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cr 6 acylamino;
• each n, x are independently 0-3;
• each m is independently 0-2;
• R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkenyl, wherein the C 1-6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO2C1-6 alkyl, -C(O)N(R e )(Rf), - N(Re)(Rf), and heterocyclyl;
• each R c , Ra are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, Cr 6 acyl, C 3-1 O cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, Cr 6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonylCo- 3 alkyl or -(CH 2 ) n -NR e R f .
• W is carbon and Y is nitrogen;
• Ari is phenyl, cyclohexyl or tetrahydropyranyl each optionally substituted by one to three
• Ar 2 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl or piperazinyl, each optionally substituted by one to three R b ;
• R 2 is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkenyl, wherein the Ci_ 6 alkyl or alkenyl is optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups independently selected from hydroxyl, -CO 2 Ci. 6 alkyl, -C(O)N(R 6 )(Rf), -N(R 6 )(Rf), morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and piperidinyl;
• R 3 is hydrogen
• R 3 is Ci- 3 alkyl, Cr 3 alkoxy, methylsulfonyl, mono-or di-Ci- 3 alkylamino, Cr 3 acyl, Cr 3 acylamino, Cr 3 dialkylaminocarbonyl, halogen, cyano or nitro;
• Rb is hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, -(CH 2 ) n -CN, -(CH 2 )n-CO 2 C 1 -6alkyl, nitro, -SO 3 H, d- 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, C 3 - 10 cycloalkyl, C r6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkylC(O)-, -(CH 2 ) n - NR c R d , R 4 -S(O) 1n (CH 2 )O-I-, R 4 -S(O) 1n -NR 6 -, R 4
• each R c , Ra are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, Cr 6 acyl, C 3-1 O cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl, Cr 6 alkylCi-6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkylsulfonyl, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonylCo-salkyl or -(CH 2 ) n -NR e R f ;
• each R e , Rf are independently hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, C 3-1 O cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, Cr 6 alkoxyCi_6alkyl, mono-or diCi_6alkylaminoCi_6alkyl, hydroxyCi-6 alkyl or Cr 6 acyl;
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl (CH 2 ) O-1 , mono-or di-Cr 6 alkylamino, mono-or di-i_ 6 alkylamino(CH 2 ) 2 _ 3 N(Ci_ 6 alkyl)-, aryl or heteroaryl each optionally substituted with 1 to 2 Cr 6 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, Cr 6 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NR e R f , amino, mono-or di-Cr 6 alkylamino, Cr 6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cr 6 acylamino.
• Ari is phenyl is substituted by one to two R 3 ;
• Ar 2 is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, cyclohexyl or piperidinyl, each optionally substituted by one or two R b ;
• R 3 is mono-or di-Ci- 3 alkylamino, halogen or nitro
• R b is hydroxyl, carboxyl, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF 3 , -CN, -SO 3 H, -CH 3 , -OCH 3 , CH 3 C(O)-, - (CH 2 ) n -CO 2 Ci_ 6 alkyl, -NR c R d , R 4 -S(O) m (CH 2 ) 0 -i-, R 4 -S(O) 2 -NR 6 -, R 4 -NR 6 -S (O) 2 (CH 2 ) 0 - i-, -NR f -C(O)-R 6 , -C(O) 2 NH 2 , morpholinyl or tetrazolyl;
• each R c , Rj are independently hydrogen, Cp 3 alkyl, Cp 3 acyl or Cp 6 alkoxycarbonylCo- 3 alkyl;
• each R 6 , R f are independently hydrogen, C 1 - 3 alkyl, C 1 - 3 alkoxyCi_ 3 alkyl or mono-or diC 1 _ 3 alkyl aminoC 1 _ 3 alkyl ;
• R 4 is hydrogen, Ci. 4 alkyl, C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, -N(CH 3 ) 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 )-, or heterocyclyl(CH 2 )o-i, wherein the heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl and l,l,-dioxo-perhydro-l,2-thiazin-2-yl, each R 4 optionally substituted with -OCH 3 , hydroxyl, oxo, carboxyl, -C(O)NH 2 , amino, -
• R a is -F or -Cl
• R b is hydroxyl, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF 3 , -CN, -SO 3 H, -OCH 3 , CH 3 C(O)-, -(CH 2 ) n -C ⁇ 2Ci. 6 alkyl, -NReRd, R 4 -S(O) 1n -, R 4 -S(O) 2 -NR 6 -, R 4 -NRe-S(O) 2 (CH 2 ) 0 -i-, -C(O) 2 NH 2 morpholinyl or tetrazolyl;
• each R c , Ra are independently hydrogen, CH 3 or CH 3 C(O)-;
• each R 6 , R f are independently hydrogen, -CH 3 , or -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen, Ci- 4 alkyl, C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, -N(CH 3 ) 2 , (CHs) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 )-, or heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl and l,l,-dioxo-perhydro-l,2-thiazin-2-yl, each R 4 optionally substituted with -OCH 3 , hydroxyl, oxo, amino, -N(CH 3 ) 2 or Cp 2 alkoxycarbonyl.
• R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen or Q_ 6 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one to three groups selected from cyano, Ci_ 6 alkoxy and heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo.
• R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen or Ci_ 3 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one group selected from cyano, Ci_ 3 alkoxy and heterocyclyl chosen from dioxolanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, benzofuranyl, benzopyranyl and benzodioxolyl each optionally substituted by oxo.
• a compound of the formula (I) as provided immediately above, and wherein
• R 2 , R 3 are each independently hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl optionally partially or fully halogenated or substituted with one group selected from cyano, C 1-3 alkoxy and dioxolanyl optionally substituted by oxo.
• R c is hydrogen or Cp 6 alkyl and Rj is cyano-Ci-6 alkyl or -(CH 2 ) n -C(O)-NR e Rf; each R e , Rf are independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl.
• Ar 2 is pyridyl
• R b is Cp 6 alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxyl.
• Another aspect of the invention provides for a process of making a compound of the formula (I):
• Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R 3 and R 2 are defined in separate embodiments as they are defined in each of the separate embodiments for formula (I) above;
• Xi and X 2 are each independently a halogen chosen from Br and I;
• reaction is performed in a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMF, DMAC, or DMPU, preferably NMP; with a suitable base such as an aqueous hydroxide base such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH or CsOH, or an alkoxide base such as NaOMe, NaOEt, KOt-Bu or KOt-amyl, preferably, most preferably KOH; at a temperature range of 20- 100 0 C, most preferably about 8O 0 C; to provide a compound of the formula (IV), and optionally subsequently isolating (IV).
• a suitable polar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMF, DMAC, or DMPU, preferably NMP
• a suitable base such as an aqueous hydroxide base such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH or CsOH, or an alkoxide base such as NaOMe, NaOEt, KOt-Bu or KOt-amyl, preferably, most preferably K
• a salt preferably an HCl salt
• a salt comprising i) reacting the compound (VII) with NaS-R wherein R is chosen from Cl-IO alkyl and aryl, in the presence of a polar solvent such as THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, NMP, DMF, DMAC, preferably THF, at 0 to 100 0 C, preferably 55 0 C, and subsequently oxidizing with NaBO 3 in AcOH to provide the sulfone of formula (VIII);
• a polar solvent such as THF, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, NMP, DMF, DMAC, preferably THF, at 0 to 100 0 C, preferably 55 0 C, and subsequently oxidizing with NaBO 3 in AcOH to provide the sulfone of formula (VIII);
• an acid such as HCl or TFA, preferably HCl
• a polar solvent such as isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n- butanol, preferably isopropanol, at 20 to 8O 0 C, preferably 65 0 C, to provide the desired compound of formula Via:
• DMF dimethylformamide
• NMP iV-methylpyrrolidinone
• DMAC iV,iV-dimethylacetamide
• DMPU N,iV'-dimethylpropylene urea
• MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
• DME 1,2-dimethoxyethane
• the invention also relates to pharmaceutical preparations, containing as active substance one or more compounds of the invention, or the pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, optionally combined with conventional excipients and/or carriers.
• Compounds of the invention also include their isotopically-labelled forms.
• An isotopically-labelled form of an active agent of a combination of the present invention is identical to said active agent but for the fact that one or more atoms of said active agent have been replaced by an atom or atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number of said atom which is usually found in nature.
• isotopes which are readily available commercially and which can be incorporated into an active agent of a combination of the present invention in accordance with well established procedures, include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, e.g., 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 17 0, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, and 36 Cl, respectively.
• An active agent of a combination of the present invention, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either which contains one or more of the above-mentioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms is contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
• the invention includes the use of any compounds of described above containing one or more asymmetric carbon atoms may occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures and individual diastereomers. Isomers shall be defined as being enantiomers and diastereomers. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included in the present invention.
• Each stereogenic carbon may be in the R or S configuration, or a combination of configurations.
• Some of the compounds of the invention can exist in more than one tautomeric form.
• the invention includes methods using all such tautomers.
• Ci_ 4 alkoxy is a C 1-4 alkyl with a terminal oxygen, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy.
• All alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups shall be understood as being branched or unbranched where structurally possible and unless otherwise specified. Other more specific definitions are as follows:
• Carbocycles include hydrocarbon rings containing from three to twelve carbon atoms. These carbocycles may be either aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems. The non- aromatic ring systems may be mono- or polyunsaturated.
• Preferred carbocycles include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptanyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, benzocyclobutanyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, benzocycloheptanyl and benzocycloheptenyl. Certain terms for cycloalkyl such as cyclobutanyl and cyclobutyl shall be used interchangeably.
• heterocycle refers to a stable nonaromatic 4-8 membered (but preferably, 5 or 6 membered) monocyclic or nonaromatic 8-11 membered bicyclic or spirocyclic heterocycle radical which may be either saturated or unsaturated.
• Each heterocycle consists of carbon atoms and one or more, preferably from 1 to 4 heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• the heterocycle may be attached by any atom of the cycle, which results in the creation of a stable structure.
• heteroaryl shall be understood to mean an aromatic 5-8 membered monocyclic or 8-11 membered bicyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms such as N, O and S.
• heterocycles and heteroaryl include but are not limited to, for example furanyl, pyranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, thiadiazolyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1- dioxo-l ⁇ 6 -thiomorpholinyl, morpholinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, dihydro-2H- quinolinyl, isoquinolin
• heteroatom as used herein shall be understood to mean atoms other than carbon such as O, N, S and P.
• one or more carbon atoms can be optionally replaced by heteroatoms: O, S or N, it shall be understood that if N is not substituted then it is NH, it shall also be understood that the heteroatoms may replace either terminal carbon atoms or internal carbon atoms within a branched or unbranched carbon chain.
• Such groups can be substituted as herein above described by groups such as oxo to result in definitions such as but not limited to: alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, amido and thioxo.
• aryl as used herein shall be understood to mean aromatic carbocycle or heteroaryl as defined herein.
• Each aryl or heteroaryl unless otherwise specified includes it's partially or fully hydrogenated derivative.
• quinolinyl may include decahydroquinolinyl and tetrahydroquinolinyl
• naphthyl may include its hydrogenated derivatives such as tetrahydranaphthyl.
• Other partially or fully hydrogenated derivatives of the aryl and heteroaryl compounds described herein will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
• nitrogen and sulfur include any oxidized form of nitrogen and sulfur and the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen.
• -S-C 1-6 alkyl radical unless otherwise specified, this shall be understood to include -S(O)-Ci_ 6 alkyl and - S(O) 2 -Ci -6 alkyl.
• alkyl refers to a saturated aliphatic radical containing from one to ten carbon atoms or a mono- or polyunsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from two to twelve carbon atoms. A mono- or polyunsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical must contain at least one double or triple bond, respectively.
• Alkyl refers to both branched and unbranched alkyl groups. It should be understood that any combination term using an "alk” or “alkyl” prefix refers to analogs according to the above definition of “alkyl”. For example, terms such as “alkoxy”, “alkythio” refer to alkyl groups linked to a second group via an oxygen or sulfur atom.
• halogen as used in the present specification shall be understood to mean bromine, chlorine, fluorine or iodine, preferably fluorine.
• alkyl a nonlimiting example would be -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CF 3 etc.
• the compounds of the invention are only those which are contemplated to be 'chemically stable' as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. For example, a compound which would have a 'dangling valency', or a 'carbanion' are not compounds contemplated by the inventive methods disclosed herein.
• the invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of compounds of formula (I).
• a "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative” refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester, or any other compound which, upon administration to a patient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound useful for the invention, or a pharmacologically active metabolite or pharmacologically active residue thereof.
• a pharmacologically active metabolite shall be understood to mean any compound of the invention capable of being metabolized enzymatically or chemically. This includes, for example, hydroxylated or oxidized derivative compounds of the invention.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
• suitable acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, perchloric, fumaric, maleic, phosphoric, glycolic, lactic, salicylic, succinic, toluene-p-sulfuric, tartaric, acetic, citric, methanesulfonic, formic, benzoic, malonic, naphthalene-2- sulfuric and benzenesulfonic acids.
• Other acids, such as oxalic acid while not themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, may be employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
• Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal (e.g., sodium), alkaline earth metal
• prodrugs of compounds of the invention include those compounds that, upon simple chemical transformation, are modified to produce compounds of the invention. Simple chemical transformations include hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction. Specifically, when a prodrug is administered to a patient, the prodrug may be transformed into a compound disclosed hereinabove, thereby imparting the desired pharmacological effect.
• the compounds of formula I may be made using the general synthetic methods described below, which also constitute part of the invention.
• the invention additionally provides for methods for making compounds of formula I.
• the compounds of the invention may be prepared by the general methods and examples presented below, and methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art and reported in the chemical literature. Unless otherwise specified, solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions may be readily selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Specific procedures are provided in the Synthetic Examples section. Intermediate benzyl amines are commercially available, or may be synthesized via catalytic reduction of the corresponding aryl nitriles with Pd/C (Van Rompaey, K. et al. Tetrahedron, 2003, 59 (24), 4421) or Raney Ni (Gould, F. et al. J.
• Intermediate aminomethylpyridines may also be commercially available or prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.
• methods of preparing 1-substituted-l- (pyridyl)methylamines from aldehydes or ketones are known (see, Kuduk, S. D. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 6641 and Chelucci, G. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2006, 17, 3163) and methods of preparing homoallylic primary amines are known (see, Kobayashi, S. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 11038).
• Bodanszky The Practice of Peptide Synthesis (Springer- Verlag: 1984), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), for example, by reacting a carboxylic acid and an amine in the presence of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Reaction progress may be monitored by conventional methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC). Intermediates and products may be purified by methods known in the art, including column chromatography, HPLC or recrystallization.
• TLC thin layer chromatography
• a hydrazine of the formula (III) (free base or a suitable salt form such as a hydrochloride salt) bearing Ar 1 is reacted with 3,5-dibromo-4- pyridinecarboxaldehyde (Ha) in the presence of sodium acetate in a suitable solvent such as EtOH to provide the hydrazone X.
• Reaction of X with a suitable diamine catalyst such as £ra «s- ⁇ f,iV'-dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3 and in a suitable solvent such as iV-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (NMP) provides the l-substituted-4-bromo-azaindazole IVa.
• intermediate IVa may be heated with pressurized CO, in the presence of a suitable base and catalyst as described above in absolute ethanol to provide the ethyl ester XL
• the ester is then hydrolyzed for example by treatment with a suitable base such as KOH under aqueous conditions to provide carboxylic acid V.
• a suitable base such as KOH under aqueous conditions to provide carboxylic acid V.
• This may then be reacted with an amine of formula VI under coupling conditions well known in the art such as by treatment with SOCl 2 to form the intermediate acyl chloride followed by reaction with intermediate VI in the presence of a base such as Et 3 N or K 2 CO 3 to provide the desired compound of formula Ia.
• the intermediate acyl chloride may be reacted in situ or isolated first if desired.
• a hydrazine of the formula (III) (free base or a suitable salt form such as a hydrochloride salt) bearing Ar 1 is reacted with 4-bromo-3- pyridinecarboxaldehyde XII in the presence of sodium acetate in a suitable solvent such as EtOH to provide the hydrazone XIII.
• Reaction of XIII with a suitable diamine catalyst such as £raws- ⁇ f, ⁇ f'-dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3 and in a suitable solvent such as N- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) provides the l-substituted-5-azaindazole XIV.
• a suitable oxidizing agent such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid or hydrogen peroxide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM) or EtOAc provides the iV-oxide XV.
• 5-azaindazole XVIII is reacted with AriX (XIX) where X is a halogen (Br or I) in the presence of a suitable diamine catalyst such as trans-N, N'- dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine in the presence of a copper salt such as CuI and a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3 in a suitable solvent such as DMF to provide a 1-substituted- 5-azaindazole XX.
• Alcohol XX may then be treated with manganese (IV) oxide in the presence of sodium cyanide and an amine of formula VI in a suitable solvent such as THF to provide the desired compound of formula Ib.
• Compounds of formula I (which includes Ia and Ib) prepared by the above methods may be further converted to additional compounds of formula I by methods known in the art and exemplified in the Synthetic Examples section below.
• the reaction was diluted with water (300 mL) and the solid was collected by filtration washing with water.
• the filtrate was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 100 mL).
• the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL).
• the still moist filter cake was dissolved in EtOAc and combined with the extracted organic layers, dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated carbon) and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and a layer of silica gel.
• the reaction was the diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (4 x 7 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 7 mL), brine (7 mL), aqueous K 2 CO 3 (7 mL), brine (7 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The solid was triturated with ether to afford the title compound.
• the reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc) indicating a major new more polar product than starting bromide.
• the reaction was diluted with first saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (5 mL) and then saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (5 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 10 mL), brine (3 x 10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated carbon, filtered through diatomaceous earth and concentrated.
• the material from the column was purified a second time by using preparative silica gel TLC eluting with methanol-EtOAc (1:9).
• the material from the plate was triturated with EtOAc-ether-hexanes to afford the title compound.
• Example 13 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid 4-(4-hydroxy-piperidine-l-sulfonyl)-benzylamide (13)
• the desired fractions were combined, neutralized with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound as an off white solid.
• Example 17 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-carbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (17a) and 4-((S)-I- ⁇ [l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino ⁇ -propyl)- pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (17b)
• Example 25 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (25)
• Example 28 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(l-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (28)
• a solution of aqueous HCl was prepared from concentrated HCl (55 rnL) and water (195 rnL). About 10 mL of this HCl solution was charged to the reaction mixture to achieve pH 6-7. The batch was then heated to 55 0 C, and the remaining -240 mL of the HCl solution was charged. The batch was cooled to ambient temperature over 1 hour, and held at this temperature for 1 hour. The batch was then filtered, and the solid washed with water and /-PrOAc.
• Example 31 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(15,35)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]- amide (31a) and l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(15,3/f)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-butyl]-amide (31b)
• Example 33 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-3-hydroxy-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide
• Desired fractions from the column was made basic with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 mL), concentrated to half of the original volume and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid.
• TMSCN trimethylsilyl cyanide
• Example 38 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (6-methanesulfonyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide
• Example 40 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(l-methanesulfonyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-propyl]-amide (40)
• NaSMe (6.74 g, 90 wt.%, 1.2 eq) was charged to a flask followed by THF (10 niL). To the slurry was charged a solution of 2-chloro-4-cyanopyridine (10.0 g, 72.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (20 rnL). The reaction mixture was heated at 5O 0 C for 2 hours. The batch was then treated with NaBO 3 «4H 2 O (33.31 g, 3.0 eq) followed by AcOH (50 rnL). The reaction mixture was heated at 55 0 C for 16 hours.
• reaction mixture was then cooled to 0-5 0 C and treated with methanol (10 mL) followed by water (40 mL) and finally a solution of di-tert-buty ⁇ dicarbonate (15.06 g, 69.0 mmol, 1.15 eq) in THF (10 mL).
• the batch was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, and then the THF and MeOH was removed by distillation under vacuum at 55 0 C.
• To the resulting slurry was added water (40 mL), toluene (20 mL) and heptane (40 mL). The slurry was stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature and filtered.
• tert-buty ⁇ (2-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4- yl)methylcarbamate (20.0 g, 65.65 mmol, 94.0 wt.%) followed by /-PrOH (140 rnL).
• the slurry was stirred and treated with concentrated HCl (16.4 rnL, 196.96 mmol, 3.0 eq), and then heated to 65 0 C and held at this temperature for 3 hours.
• the batch was cooled to 20- 25 0 C, held at this temperature for at least 2 hours, and then filtered.
• the solid was washed with /-PrOH and then oven dried under vacuum to afford the title compound as a white solid, 13.45 g, >99 wt.% purity, 92% yield.
• 2-Methylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid was converted to (5 r )-l-(2-methanesulfanyl- oxazol-5-yl)-propylamine hydrochloride (45) via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43.
• 2-Methylsulfanyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid was converted to (5 r )-l-(2-methanesulfanyl- oxazol-5-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride via the Weinreb amide using the same methods as described in Example 43 except methyl magnesium bromide was substituted for ethyl magnesium chloride.
• Example 46 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-oxazol-5-yl)-propyl]-amide (46)
• the Weinreb amide of 2-methanesulfonyl-6-ethoxy-isonicotinic acid was also converted to (S)- 1 -(2-methanesulfonyl-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride according to methods described in Example 43 except during the Grignard addition methyl magnesium bromide was added to the Weinreb amide instead of ethyl magnesium chloride to afford the corresponding methyl ketone.
• Example 48 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(6-methanesulfonyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl)-propyl]- amide (48)
• the crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane.
• the material was further purified by preparative thin layer silica gel chromatography eluting with methanol-dichloromethane (2:98) to afford the title compound.
• the crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. The purification was repeated eluting with a gradient of 0-7% methanol in dichloromethane. The material from the purification was diluted with dichloromethane (1 mL) followed by hexanes (5 mL). The solid was collected by filteration to afford the title compound.
• Example 54 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid (5-methylamino-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-amide (54)
• the compound was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes provided l-(2-bromo-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-ol.
• the compound was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford l-(2-bromo-thiazol-5-yl)-propan-l-one.
• the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
• the material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. Two fractions were obtained that both match the desired by mass, indicating two diastereomers.
• the first eluting diastereomer corresponded to the i ⁇ S-diastereomer
• the second eluting distereomer corresponded to the R,R- diastereomer in a 1:3 ratio, respectively.
• Each diastereomer was carried on separately without further purification.
• Example 60 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(4-carbamoyl-5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl)-propyl]-amide (60)
• Example 61 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [l-(5-methyl-4-methylcarbamoyl-oxazol-2-yl)-propyl]-amide (61)
• Example 63 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid ⁇ l-[4-(carbamoylmethyl-carbamoyl)-5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl]-propyl ⁇ - amide (63)
• Example 70 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-2-(2-oxo-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl)- ethyl]-amide (70)
• the 1 H NMR of the crude material revealed a 7:3 ratio of diastereomers, 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [(S)- l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propyl] -amide and 2-methyl-propane-2- sulfinic acid [(R)- l-(3-bromo-isoxazol-5-yl)-propyl] -amide, respectively.
• the mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 20-100% EtOAc in heptane. MS m/z 309.41 (M), 311.38 (M+2).
• the reaction was re- subjected to the above condition for an additional 5 hours at which time the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth, rinsed with MeOH, filtered and concentrated.
• the crude material was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (Sunfire PrepCl ⁇ OBD 5 uM 30 x 150 mm column, eluted with 15-85% acetonitrile in water, with 0.1% TFA). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo, made basic with a few drops of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid.
• Example 80 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(5)-l-((25,4/f)-2-carbamoyl-l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)- propyl]-amide (80a) and l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-((2/f,4S)-2-carbamoyl-l-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)- propyl]-amide (80b)
• Example 81 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-hydroxymethyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (81)
• the intermediate ketone, l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one can be prepared via a Grignard addition to a Weinreb amide derived from commercially available 2-bromo-isonicotinic acid.
• (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one could be converted to the corresponding methyl sulfone via the above procedure to afford l-(2-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one.
• l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propan-l-one can be converted to the title compound by methods described in example 82.
• Example 83 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(S)-l-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-propyl]-amide (83)
• Example 84 Synthesis of l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4- carboxylic acid [(/f)-l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy-ethyl]-amide (84) HCI
• Example 85 l-(4-Fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid [(S)- l-[2-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-pyridin-4-yl]-propyl ⁇ -amide (85)
• the crude material was filtered through diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc (200 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
• the crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 5-30% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 1- (2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone as white needles.
• the intermediate ketone (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone) can be accessed via a Grignard addition to a Weinreb amide derived from commercially available 2-bromo-isonicotinic acid.
• the reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl (90 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (10 mL), and EtOAc (150 mL), and sonicated for 10 minutes to dissolve all the solids.
• the aqueous phase was separated and the organic layer was washed with a mixture of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl (90 mL) in saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (10 mL).
• the combined aqueous layers were extracted with EtOAc (150 mL).
• the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
• (l-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone) could be converted to the corresponding methyl sulfone via the above procedure to afford l-(2-methanesulfonyl- pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone.
• l-(2-Methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethanone can be converted to the title compound by methods described in example 86.
• the solid was adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient of 10-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes (compound precipitated on the column but dissolved over time at high ethyl acetate concentration) to afford 6- (dimethylaminosulfonylamino)-3-cyanopyridine as a white solid

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