WO2010026349A1 - Roue de type francis pour machine hydraulique, machine hydraulique comprenant une telle roue et procédé d'assemblage d'une telle roue - Google Patents
Roue de type francis pour machine hydraulique, machine hydraulique comprenant une telle roue et procédé d'assemblage d'une telle roue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010026349A1 WO2010026349A1 PCT/FR2009/051676 FR2009051676W WO2010026349A1 WO 2010026349 A1 WO2010026349 A1 WO 2010026349A1 FR 2009051676 W FR2009051676 W FR 2009051676W WO 2010026349 A1 WO2010026349 A1 WO 2010026349A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceiling
- belt
- wheel
- blade
- elements
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
- F03B3/125—Rotors for radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side, e.g. for Francis-type turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2210/00—Working fluid
- F05B2210/40—Flow geometry or direction
- F05B2210/403—Radial inlet and axial outlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2230/00—Manufacture
- F05B2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05B2230/21—Manufacture essentially without removing material by casting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2230/00—Manufacture
- F05B2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05B2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
- F05B2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Francis type wheel for hydraulic machine, a hydraulic machine comprising such a wheel, and a method of assembling such a wheel.
- a hydraulic machine may be a turbine, a pump or a turbine-pump used, for example, in a hydro-electricity production plant.
- the invention relates to a Francis type wheel for a hydraulic machine intended to be traversed by a forced flow of water.
- a forced flow of water Such a flow has the effect of driving the wheel in rotation, when the machine is a turbine.
- Such a flow results from this rotation, when the machine is a pump.
- Francis type wheels having a belt, a ceiling and blades extending between the belt and the ceiling.
- a wheel can be monobloc, most often molded or mechanically welded. Such a wheel being of imposing overall dimensions, its realization has a significant cost. Moreover, the manufacture of such a wheel, on the one hand, requires an increasingly rare know-how, and on the other hand, poses health and safety problems due to the need to surrender in the hydraulic channels of the wheel especially for the welding and grinding operation.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wheel whose manufacture is easily industhalisable, while ensuring a satisfactory level of quality.
- the subject of the invention is a Francis type wheel for a hydraulic machine, comprising: a belt with symmetry of revolution about a central axis of the wheel;
- the wheel comprises at least two elements defining in part at least the belt and / or the ceiling, and in that at least one edge of a blade is engaged between these two elements defining the belt and / or the ceiling.
- the wheel according to the invention its manufacturer is able to overcome the problems related to both the quality, time and cost of realization of the wheel.
- the lower edge and / or the upper edge of at least one blade is flush with the outer surface of the belt and / or the ceiling;
- the wheel comprises at least two belt elements and two ceiling elements, each element being fixed between two adjacent blades by welding;
- the wheel comprises at least a first subassembly, defined by a first part of the belt and a first part of the ceiling, the two parts being connected to a first blade, the first subassembly being molded, and a second sub-assembly; together, defined by a second part of the belt and a second part of the ceiling, the two parts being connected to a second blade, the second subassembly being molded and welded to the first subassembly;
- At least one of the vanes comprises two lateral leaves facing one another and arranged near at least one welding edge with the belt and / or with the ceiling;
- the invention also relates to a hydraulic machine comprising a wheel as described above.
- the subject of the invention is a method of assembling a wheel as explained above. According to this method:
- the belt and / or ceiling elements are assembled by welding and / or molding, with engagement of at least one edge of a blade between two belt and / or ceiling elements.
- FIG. 1 is an axial section of a wheel according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view from above of the wheel of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a partial section on a larger scale of the wheel of Figures 1 and 2, according to the line III-III in Figure 2 and while the wheel is being manufactured;
- FIG. 4 is a view on a larger scale, corresponding to detail IV in FIG. 3, for a wheel according to a second embodiment;
- - Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 for a wheel according to a third embodiment
- - Figure 6 is a top view of a wheel according to a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a partial section on a larger scale of the wheel of Figure 6, along the line VII-VII in Figure 4 and while the wheel is being manufactured.
- Figures 1 and 2 show a Francis type turbine wheel 1 which rotates about a vertical axis XX which is a central axis of the wheel 1.
- a flow E from a pipe not shown, is intended to cross the wheel 1 towards a suction duct, not shown.
- the wheel 1 comprises vanes 2 which extend between a ceiling 4 and a belt 6. These two bodies 4 and 6 are symmetrical about the X-X axis.
- the blades 2 are evenly distributed around the axis X-X.
- the nine blades 2, integral with the ceiling 4 and the belt 6, are curved.
- the blades 2 each define a leading edge 21, facing outwardly of the wheel 1, and a trailing edge 22, turned towards the axis X-X.
- the wheel 1 also comprises a plate 8 for coupling the wheel 1 to a not shown shaft of the turbine.
- the plate 8 may be made of sheet metal, either in a molded way. The plate 8 can then be welded to the other elements making up the wheel.
- the ceiling 4 comprises nine distinct elements, each separated from the adjacent element by a blade 2.
- a first element 41 partially defines the ceiling 4.
- a second and a third elements 42 and 43 of the ceiling 4 are arranged on either side of the element 41.
- This element 41 is separated respectively from the two elements 42 and 43 by an upper and inner edge 23i or 232 of a first blade 2i and a second dawn 2 2 .
- the ceiling 4 consists of nine elements 41, 42,
- the belt 6 comprises nine elements.
- a first element 61 is disposed between two other elements 62 and 63 of the belt. This element 61 is separated respectively from the elements 62 and 63 by lower and outer edges 2A ⁇ and 24 2 of the first blade 2 ⁇ and the second blade 2 2 .
- each of the two blades 2i and 2 2 is flush with the outer surface of the ceiling 4 formed by the respective upper surfaces 411, 42i, 43i ... of the elements 41, 42, 43 and equivalents.
- the lower and outer edge 24 1 or 24 2 of each of these two blades is flush with the outer surface of the belt 6 formed by the respective outer surfaces 61 1 , 62 63 ... elements 61, 62, 63 and the like. .
- edges 41 2 and 41 3 of the element 41 which abut respectively blades 2i and 2 2 are bevelled, so as to create with the edges
- FIGS 4 and 5 show larger performed at the welding area between a blade 2 ⁇ and two belt elements 61 and 63. It should be noted that the weld zone is similarly between a blade and a ceiling element.
- FIG. 4 In order to reduce the stresses in this type of connection, it is avoided to make a connection at right angles between the blade and the adjacent belt. To do this, it is planned to develop connection holidays in each dawn.
- FIG. 4 In FIG. 4 are shown two connecting courses 25 which are arranged in the lower part of a blade 2i in a portion disposed above two belt elements 61 and 63.
- the central part of the blade has a first thickness ei which is substantially less than the thickness e 2 of the lower and outer edge 2A ⁇ of the blade 2 ⁇ , which is engaged between the elements 61 and 63 so as to be flush with the outer surfaces 611 and 63i.
- the fillet 25 are substantially symmetrical with respect to a median axis YY of the blade 2i.
- the operator For the manufacture of the blade 2i, the operator carries out the fillet 25 in a sheet of thickness e 2 by machining this sheet.
- the realization of such filleting requires the use of a large amount of material to be removed by this machining process.
- a blade 2i of thickness e 3 that is substantially identical to the thickness e 1 of the blade of the second embodiment.
- this blade 2i are directly machined two connecting fillet 26 formed on the lower part of the blade, in the vicinity of its lower and outer edge 24i engaged between two elements 61 and 63 of the belt.
- These leaves 26 are arranged substantially symmetrical with respect to the median axis YY of the section of the blade 2i.
- These leaves correspond to lateral leaves arranged in the blade 2i in such a way that they define a localized narrowing near the welding zone. It can therefore be satisfied with a supply of a sheet of a nominal thickness e 3 limited.
- Figures 6 and 7 show the wheel 1, comprising nine subassemblies, three of which are visible in Figure 7, with the references 11, 12 and 13.
- the first subassembly 11 comprises a first ceiling portion 114 and a first portion belt members 116 which are connected by a blade 112.
- the three parts 112, 114 and 116 may be molded or welded together so as to form a one-piece element that can be attached to other elements of the same type, by welding.
- the subassemblies 12 and 13 respectively comprise a second ceiling portion 124 and a third ceiling portion 134 as well as a second waist portion 126 and a third waist portion 136.
- the portions 124 and 126 and the parts 134 and 136 are each respectively connected by a blade 122 and a blade 132 by molding or by welding.
- Each of these subassemblies 11, 12 and 13 has a recumbent U-shaped section.
- the portions 114 and 116 each comprise an edge 114i and 116i respectively facing an upper and inner edge 132i and a lower and outer edge 132 2 of the blade 132.
- the parts 124 and 126 each comprise an edge 124i and 126i respectively facing an upper and inner edge 112i and a lower and outer edge 112 2 of the blade 112.
- the blade 122 comprises an upper and inner edge 122i and a lower and outer edge 122 2 .
- each of the subassemblies 11, 12 and 13 are respectively provided with an upper surface 114 2 , 116 2 , 124 2 , 126 2 , 134 2 and 136 2 .
- edges of the blades 112, 122 and 132 are engaged between two ceiling elements or belt.
- each of the edges The lower and upper of the corresponding blade is flush with the upper surface of the ceiling and the adjacent belt.
- edges 1 H 1 , 124 ⁇ 116 1 and 126i are bevelled so as to create respectively with the edges 132i, 112i, 132 2 and 112 2 not weld weld receiving dihedrals not shown. In other words, these edges are chamfered.
- This modular approach makes it possible to secure the subassembly 11 with both the subassembly 12 and the subassembly 13 by an externally qualified welding process. In other words, it is not necessary to get into the wheel 1, namely between the ceiling and the belt, to proceed to the welding in order to secure the parts of the ceiling and the belt. a first subset with the corresponding parts of a second adjacent subset.
- connection fillet shown in Figures 4 and 5 can also be performed in the molded blades 112, 122 and 132.
- the welding method used with the invention may be electron beam welding or laser welding.
- a wheel may be provided with a number of ceiling elements and / or belt different from nine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
- Belt Conveyors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09741373.6A EP2326828B8 (fr) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | Roue de type francis pour machine hydraulique, machine hydraulique comprenant une telle roue et procédé d'assemblage d'une telle roue |
US13/060,769 US9175662B2 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | Francis-type runner for a hydraulic machine, hydraulic machine including such a runner, and method for assembling such a runner |
RU2011112934/06A RU2509227C2 (ru) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | Колесо типа френсис для гидравлической машины, гидравлическая машина, содержащая такое колесо, и способ сборки такого колеса |
SI200930746T SI2326828T1 (sl) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | Gonilnik tipa Francis za hidravlični stroj, hidravlični stroj, ki obsega tak gonilnik, in postopek montaže takega gonilnika |
ES09741373T ES2434868T3 (es) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | Rotor de tipo Francis para máquinas hidráulicas, máquina hidráulica que comprende un rotor de este tipo y procedimiento de ensamblaje de un rotor de este tipo. |
CN200980141507.6A CN102187084B (zh) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | 液动力机器的轴同辐流式轮体,包括该轮体的液动力机器和该轮体的组装方法 |
CA2735778A CA2735778C (fr) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | Roue de type francis pour machine hydraulique, machine hydraulique comprenant une telle roue et procede d'assemblage d'une telle roue |
BRPI0918790A BRPI0918790A2 (pt) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | roda de tipo francis para máquina hidráulica, máquina hidráulica, e, processo de montagem de uma roda |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0855981A FR2935761B1 (fr) | 2008-09-05 | 2008-09-05 | Roue de type francis pour machine hydraulique, machine hydraulique comprenant une telle roue et procede d'assemblage d'une telle roue |
FR0855981 | 2008-09-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010026349A1 true WO2010026349A1 (fr) | 2010-03-11 |
Family
ID=40510060
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2009/051676 WO2010026349A1 (fr) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-09-04 | Roue de type francis pour machine hydraulique, machine hydraulique comprenant une telle roue et procédé d'assemblage d'une telle roue |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9175662B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2326828B8 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102187084B (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0918790A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2735778C (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2434868T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2935761B1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT2326828E (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2509227C2 (fr) |
SI (1) | SI2326828T1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010026349A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3002271A1 (fr) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-22 | Thy Engineering | Roue de turbine, de compresseur ou de pompe. |
EP2873851B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-14 | 2016-08-31 | ALSTOM Renewable Technologies | Système d'aération pour turbine hydraulique |
FR3016134B1 (fr) * | 2014-01-08 | 2016-04-15 | Alstom Renewable Technologies | Procede de fabrication d'une roue de type francis pour machine hydraulique et roue fabriquee par un tel procede |
KR102208490B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-07 | 2021-01-27 | 한화에어로스페이스 주식회사 | 회전 기계의 회전부 제조 방법 |
GEP20197000B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2019-07-25 | Hydro Ltd Andritz | Francis turbine with short blade and short band |
DE102016207495A1 (de) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-09-21 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Laufrades vom Typ Francis |
DE102017124746B3 (de) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-12-20 | Piller Blowers & Compressors Gmbh | Laufrad und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben |
EP3517771B1 (fr) * | 2018-01-25 | 2022-09-28 | GE Renewable Technologies | Améliorations apportées à la fabrication de turbine hydraulique |
EP3604792B1 (fr) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-11-10 | GE Renewable Technologies | Bouchon preformé avec profil hydrodynamique pour installation entre les aubes d'une turbine hydraulique |
JP7278985B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-05 | 2023-05-22 | 株式会社東芝 | フランシス型水車用ランナ及びフランシス型水車 |
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JP2005146934A (ja) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-06-09 | Toshiba Corp | ランナの製造方法 |
JP4554189B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-26 | 2010-09-29 | 株式会社エンプラス | 遠心式羽根車 |
JP4229821B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-08 | 2009-02-25 | 株式会社東芝 | フランシス型水車、フランシス型ポンプまたはフランシス型ポンプ水車のランナおよびその製造方法 |
JP2006029198A (ja) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-02 | Toshiba Corp | フランシス型水力機械のランナの組立方法 |
US20060096091A1 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-11 | Carrier Charles W | Method for manufacturing aircraft engine cases with bosses |
SE527558C2 (sv) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-04-11 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Pumphjul |
US7632073B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2009-12-15 | Dresser-Rand Company | Impeller with machining access panel |
US7628586B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2009-12-08 | Elliott Company | Impeller |
US20070231141A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Radial turbine wheel with locally curved trailing edge tip |
JP5061836B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-10 | 2012-10-31 | 株式会社日立プラントテクノロジー | 羽根車の溶接方法及び羽根車 |
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2008
- 2008-09-05 FR FR0855981A patent/FR2935761B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-09-04 CN CN200980141507.6A patent/CN102187084B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-04 EP EP09741373.6A patent/EP2326828B8/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-09-04 SI SI200930746T patent/SI2326828T1/sl unknown
- 2009-09-04 WO PCT/FR2009/051676 patent/WO2010026349A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-09-04 BR BRPI0918790A patent/BRPI0918790A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-09-04 ES ES09741373T patent/ES2434868T3/es active Active
- 2009-09-04 RU RU2011112934/06A patent/RU2509227C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-09-04 US US13/060,769 patent/US9175662B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-04 PT PT97413736T patent/PT2326828E/pt unknown
- 2009-09-04 CA CA2735778A patent/CA2735778C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
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FR1267669A (fr) * | 1960-09-19 | 1961-07-21 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Roue motrice pour turbines hydrauliques, notamment pour turbines francis ou turbopompes |
US3918627A (en) * | 1968-09-02 | 1975-11-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Method of manufacturing a welded type francis runner |
CA2438429A1 (fr) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-02-22 | General Electric Canada Inc. | Methode de reconstruction des roues mobiles des turbines francis |
EP1744056A2 (fr) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-17 | General Electric Canada | Rotor divisé d'une turbine hydraulique de type Francis |
WO2008034492A1 (fr) * | 2006-09-22 | 2008-03-27 | Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation Gmbh & Co. Kg | Procédé de fabrication de la roue à aubes d'une turbine hydraulique et roue à aubes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0918790A2 (pt) | 2016-07-05 |
CN102187084A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
FR2935761A1 (fr) | 2010-03-12 |
CA2735778A1 (fr) | 2010-03-11 |
ES2434868T3 (es) | 2013-12-17 |
RU2509227C2 (ru) | 2014-03-10 |
EP2326828B8 (fr) | 2013-08-28 |
CA2735778C (fr) | 2016-02-23 |
CN102187084B (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
EP2326828B1 (fr) | 2013-07-10 |
US9175662B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
PT2326828E (pt) | 2013-10-31 |
FR2935761B1 (fr) | 2010-10-15 |
US20110206518A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
RU2011112934A (ru) | 2012-10-10 |
SI2326828T1 (sl) | 2013-12-31 |
EP2326828A1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 |
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