WO2010023820A1 - 受信装置及び伝搬路推定方法 - Google Patents
受信装置及び伝搬路推定方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010023820A1 WO2010023820A1 PCT/JP2009/003628 JP2009003628W WO2010023820A1 WO 2010023820 A1 WO2010023820 A1 WO 2010023820A1 JP 2009003628 W JP2009003628 W JP 2009003628W WO 2010023820 A1 WO2010023820 A1 WO 2010023820A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal sequence
- data
- propagation path
- amplitude
- ces
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0212—Channel estimation of impulse response
- H04L25/0216—Channel estimation of impulse response with estimation of channel length
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
- H04B1/7183—Synchronisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/02—Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
- H04L27/06—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
- H04B1/71637—Receiver aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L2025/0335—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission
- H04L2025/03375—Passband transmission
- H04L2025/03388—ASK
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
- H04L25/0226—Channel estimation using sounding signals sounding signals per se
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a receiving apparatus and a propagation path estimation that perform propagation path estimation using amplitude information of a received signal obtained by envelope detection or the like in a system using, for example, an OOK (On / Off Keying) modulation system. Regarding the method.
- OOK On / Off Keying
- the signal transmitted from the transmitting antenna reaches the receiving antenna via multiple paths.
- the demodulation performance of the receiver deteriorates because the signals are combined in a state in which the intensity and phase of the signals are different from each other due to the difference in the path lengths that have passed. Therefore, propagation path estimation is an important technique for correctly demodulating a signal in a receiver.
- propagation path estimation is performed as follows. First, a channel estimation sequence (CES: Channel Estimation Sequence) is transmitted from the transmission side to the reception side. On the receiving side, the same known signal sequence as the propagation path estimation sequence transmitted from the transmitting side is prepared, and the known signal sequence is correlated with the sequence detected by detection from the received signal.
- CES Channel Estimation Sequence
- synchronous detection is generally used as a detection method.
- the position where a sharp peak appears from the obtained correlation result is detected as the arrival time of the direct wave or the delayed wave, and the propagation delay amount of the signal is estimated. Therefore, a signal sequence having excellent autocorrelation characteristics is used as a channel estimation sequence for channel estimation. Based on the estimated propagation delay amount, the magnitude of amplitude fluctuation due to intersymbol interference is obtained, and the amplitude coefficient is estimated.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for improving the accuracy of propagation path estimation, for example, there is a method disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the receiving side receives a known signal sequence transmitted from a communication partner, and obtains a power delay profile by complex correlation processing between the known signal sequence and the received signal sequence. Then, the arrival time and the magnitude of the direct wave component are detected from the delay profile, and a correlation value replica for the direct wave is generated. Next, the estimated accuracy of the arrival time of the delayed wave is improved by subtracting the generated replica from the delay profile (correlation result).
- the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is premised on using synchronous detection as a detection method.
- Patent Document 1 For example, in UWB (Ultra Wide Band) that transmits a pulse-like signal in a wide frequency band, an OOK (On / Off Keying) modulation method that transmits data according to the presence or absence of a pulse may be used.
- OOK On / Off Keying
- “1” and “0” of the data are associated with “present” and “not present” of the pulse, and information is included only in the amplitude component, so that envelope detection is used as the detection method. It is often done.
- the difference between the correlation result by the envelope detection and the correlation result by the synchronous detection for the OOK modulation signal will be described with an example.
- a CES having a length of 128 bits consisting of data “1” and “0”
- the CES length is 128 bits
- FIG. 1 shows a correlation result between a detection signal sequence obtained by envelope detection and the original CES when there is no delay wave in the propagation path.
- FIG. 1 shows a correlation result between a detection signal sequence obtained by envelope detection and the original CES when there is no delay wave in the propagation path.
- FIG. 1 shows a correlation result between a detection signal sequence obtained by envelope detection and the original CES when there is no delay wave in the propagation path.
- FIG. 1 shows a correlation result between a detection signal sequence obtained by envelope detection and the original CES when there is no delay wave in the propagation path.
- FIG. 2 shows a correlation result between the detection signal sequence obtained by the synchronous detection and the original CES when there is no delay wave in the propagation path.
- FIG. 2 shows a correlation result between the detection signal sequence obtained by the synchronous detection and the original CES when there is no delay wave in the propagation path.
- a peak is present only at the 128th center of the sample as in FIG.
- wave the first term directly the second term represents the delayed wave
- [delta] (t) is the Dirac delta function
- a n an amplitude attenuation
- d n is the propagation delay the stands
- phi n represents the phase rotation amount.
- FIG. 3 shows a correlation result by synchronous detection.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the 120th to 140th samples in FIG.
- the peak having the maximum absolute value is detected at the 128th, and the peak having the next largest absolute value is detected at the 129th. Therefore, the 128th peak indicates that a direct wave is detected, and the 129th peak indicates that a delayed wave is detected at a position delayed by one symbol with respect to the direct wave. Further, the amplitude of the delayed wave is detected as a negative value, and it can be seen that the delayed wave interferes with the direct wave in the opposite phase.
- the arrival time of the delayed wave and the phase of the delayed wave are correctly detected.
- FIG. 5 shows a correlation result by envelope detection.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the 120th to 140th samples in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 6, peaks are seen at the 128th and 135th. Therefore, the delayed wave has to be detected 129th, whereas the delayed wave is detected 135th. As described above, when envelope detection is used, the arrival time of the delayed wave may be erroneously detected.
- the delayed wave interferes with the opposite phase. For this reason, originally, the amplitude of the delayed wave must be detected as a negative value. However, as shown in FIG. 5, in the correlation result by envelope detection, the amplitude of the delayed wave is detected as a positive value. The phase relationship between the direct wave and the delayed wave is also erroneously detected.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a receiving apparatus and a propagation path estimation method that perform appropriate propagation path estimation using amplitude information of a received signal.
- the receiving apparatus of the present invention includes a detection unit that obtains a detection signal sequence by detecting an envelope of an OOK modulation signal sequence obtained by performing OOK modulation on a known channel estimation sequence composed of data “0” and “1”. Extraction means for extracting only a detection signal corresponding to data “1” from the detection signal series to obtain an extraction signal series; correlation means for performing a correlation operation between the extraction signal series and the propagation path estimation series; And an estimation means for estimating the propagation path characteristics based on the result of the correlation calculation.
- the propagation path estimation method of the present invention obtains a detection signal series by performing envelope detection on an OOK modulated signal sequence obtained by performing OOK modulation on a known propagation path estimation sequence composed of data “0” and “1”. Only the detection signal corresponding to the data “1” is extracted from the detection signal sequence to obtain the extraction signal sequence, the correlation calculation between the extraction signal sequence and the propagation path estimation sequence is performed, and based on the result of the correlation calculation The propagation path characteristics are estimated.
- the receiving apparatus and the propagation path estimation method of the present invention it is possible to perform proper propagation path estimation using the amplitude information of the received signal. For this reason, for example, when data information is included only in the amplitude information of the received signal, such as an OOK modulation signal, only the amplitude information of the received signal such as envelope detection used for demodulation of the received signal is used. Appropriate propagation path estimation can be performed while diverting the detection method to be extracted and avoiding a large and complicated circuit scale.
- Diagram showing an example of correlation results when envelope detection is used Diagram showing an example of correlation results when using synchronous detection
- the figure which shows an example of the correlation result at the time of synchronous detection in the environment where a delay wave exists Enlarged view of FIG.
- the figure which shows an example of the correlation result at the time of envelope detection in the environment where a delay wave exists Enlarged view of FIG.
- the block diagram which shows the principal part structure of the receiver which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- the figure which shows an example "0110001010" of transmission data The figure which shows the modulation signal obtained when carrying out the OOK modulation
- the figure which shows an example of the received signal when a delay wave exists The figure which shows the detection signal obtained when envelope detection is performed for the OOK modulation signal of FIG.
- the figure which shows the detection signal obtained when carrying out synchronous detection of the OOK modulation signal of FIG. The figure which shows the detection signal obtained when the received signal of FIG. 10 is envelope-detected
- the figure which shows the detection signal obtained when carrying out synchronous detection of the received signal of FIG. The figure which shows the sample value obtained by sampling the detection signal of FIG.
- the figure which shows the sample value obtained by sampling the detection signal of FIG. The figure which shows the sample value obtained by sampling the detection signal of FIG.
- the figure which shows the sample value obtained by sampling the detection signal of FIG. The figure which shows the sample value obtained by sampling the detection signal of FIG.
- the figure which shows the sample value obtained by sampling the detection signal of FIG. The figure which shows the sample value obtained by sampling the detection signal of FIG.
- FIG. The figure which shows the result of having extracted the data "1" part from the sample value of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CES in Embodiment 3
- FIG. 7 shows a main configuration of the receiving apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. 7 is configured to include an antenna 101, a detection unit 102, a sample unit 103, a propagation path estimation unit 104, an equalization unit 105, and a binarization unit 106.
- the antenna 101 receives an OOK (On / Off Keying) modulated signal sequence transmitted from a communication partner (not shown), and outputs the received signal sequence to the detection unit 102.
- OOK On / Off Keying
- an OOK modulated signal sequence obtained by performing OOK modulation on a known channel estimation sequence (CES: ChanneltimEstimation Sequence) composed of data “0” and “1” is transmitted from the communication partner.
- FIG. 10 shows the waveform of the received signal sequence that arrives at the antenna 101 when the OOK modulated signal sequence shown in FIG. 9 is transmitted under such an environment.
- the delayed wave delayed by one symbol length T has an opposite phase to the direct wave. have a finger in the pie. Therefore, when the data immediately after the data “1” is “1”, the amplitude is attenuated by 0.3 due to delay wave interference. On the other hand, when the data immediately after the data “1” is “0”, the amplitude increases by 0.3 due to interference of the delayed wave.
- the detection unit 102 performs envelope detection on the received signal sequence received by the antenna 101, and outputs the obtained detection signal sequence to the sample unit 103.
- FIG. 12 shows a detection signal sequence by synchronous detection.
- the detection signal sequence obtained by envelope detection and the detection signal sequence obtained by synchronous detection have substantially the same waveform. Become.
- the detection signal sequence obtained by envelope detection and the detection signal sequence obtained by synchronous detection have different waveforms.
- envelope detection is performed on the OOK modulation signal sequence shown in FIG. 10
- a detection signal sequence as shown in FIG. 13 is obtained.
- FIG. 14 shows a waveform of a detection signal sequence when synchronous detection is performed on the OOK modulation signal sequence shown in FIG.
- the amplitude of the data “1” part that has received the interference of the delayed wave is reduced by 0.3.
- the detection signal by the envelope detection has a positive value
- the detection signal series by the synchronous detection has a negative value. And the results differ between the two.
- propagation path estimation section 104 described later performs propagation path estimation using the correlation result of only the portion where the original data is “1” from the received CES (propagation path estimation sequence).
- the amplitude of the detection signal corresponding to the data “1” depends on the phase rotation amount of the delayed wave even when the detection signal by the envelope detection is used, as in the case of using the detection signal by the synchronous detection. Increase or decrease correctly.
- the amplitude of the detection signal corresponding to the data “0” always increases regardless of the phase rotation amount of the delayed wave when using the detection signal by envelope detection.
- propagation path estimation is performed using the correlation result of only the portion of the received CES (propagation path estimation sequence) corresponding to the original data corresponding to “1”.
- propagation path estimation is performed using only the portion that correctly reflects the phase rotation amount of the delayed wave.
- the sample unit 103 samples the detection signal sequence output from the detection unit 102 at a predetermined timing, and outputs the obtained sample values to the propagation path estimation unit 104 and the equalization unit 105.
- FIG. 16 shows sample values of the detection signal sequence after the synchronous detection of FIG.
- the sample value of the detection signal sequence detected by the envelope detection and the sample value of the detection signal sequence detected by the synchronous detection are: It takes almost the same value.
- FIG. 17 shows sample values for the detection signal sequence after the envelope detection shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 shows sample values for the detection signal sequence after the synchronous detection shown in FIG.
- the sample value of the detection signal sequence detected by the envelope detection and the sample value of the detection signal sequence detected by the synchronous detection are: Take different values.
- the propagation path estimation unit 104 performs propagation path estimation using the sample value output from the sample unit 103.
- propagation path estimation means estimating the propagation delay amount and amplitude coefficient of the channel impulse response (CIR) of the propagation path.
- CIR channel impulse response
- the propagation path estimation unit 104 outputs the estimated propagation delay amount and amplitude coefficient to the equalization unit 105.
- the equalization unit 105 equalizes the sample value output from the sample unit 103. Specifically, the equalization unit 105 uses the propagation delay amount estimated by the propagation path estimation unit 104, the amplitude coefficient, and the past demodulation result demodulated by the binarization unit 106, to determine the amplitude of the sample value. Make corrections. The amplitude correction method of the equalization unit 105 will be described later in detail. The equalization unit 105 outputs the sample value after amplitude correction to the binarization unit 106.
- the binarization unit 106 demodulates the received data by comparing the sample value after amplitude correction output from the equalization unit 105 with a predetermined threshold Th and binarizing. The binarization unit 106 feeds back the demodulation result to the equalization unit 105.
- the propagation path estimation unit 104 performs propagation path estimation using the correlation result of only the portion of the received CES (propagation path estimation sequence) whose original data corresponds to “1”.
- FIG. 19 shows a main configuration of the propagation path estimation unit 104. 19 includes a CES detection unit 1041, a “1” detection unit 1042, a correlation calculation unit 1043, a propagation delay estimation unit 1044, and an amplitude coefficient estimation unit 1045.
- the CES detection unit 1041 detects a CES section in the received signal.
- the CES detection method is not particularly limited, and various methods can be used. For example, a detection method may be used in which the CES detection unit 1041 includes a matched filter and determines that CES has been detected when the output of the matched filter exceeds a predetermined value.
- the CES detection unit 1041 outputs the detected CES to the “1” detection unit 1042 and the amplitude coefficient estimation unit 1045.
- the “1” detection unit 1042 extracts only the portion where the original data is “1” from the CES detected by the CES detection unit 1041 and sets the sample value of the portion where the original data is “0” to 0. To form a new CES as the extracted signal sequence.
- the “1” detection unit 1042 can realize the processing by performing the calculation of Expression (3).
- CE (n) represents the original CES
- CE r (n) represents the CES detected by the CES detection unit 1041.
- the operation “ ⁇ ” represents multiplication of each element of CES
- CE 1 (n) represents CES newly configured as an extracted signal sequence. Since CES uses a common signal sequence between transmitting and receiving apparatuses, the same CES as the CES to be transmitted can be prepared in advance on the receiving side.
- FIG. 20 shows a signal sequence (newly configured CES) obtained by performing the processing of Expression (3) on the signal sequence of FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 20, all the amplitudes of the data “0” are replaced with 0.
- the “1” detection unit 1042 outputs the newly configured CES (CE 1 (n)) to the correlation calculation unit 1043.
- the correlation calculation unit 1043 performs a correlation calculation between CE 1 (n) and CE (n).
- FIG. 21 shows an example of the correlation calculation result.
- FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of the 120th to 140th samples in FIG. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 22 and FIG. 6, in FIG. 22, the 135th peak disappears, and instead, the peak appears at the 129th peak. Furthermore, in FIG. 22, the amplitude coefficient is detected as a negative value.
- the “1” detection unit 1042 replaces the sample value of the portion where the original data is “0” with 0, thereby eliminating the influence of the delayed wave of the portion of the data “0” where the phase rotation amount is not correctly reflected. Is done.
- the “1” detection unit 1042 extracts only the portion of the original data “1” from the CES.
- the correlation calculation part 1043 can acquire a correlation calculation result using the detection signal series containing the information regarding the amount of phase rotations. Therefore, even when the detection unit 102 performs envelope detection, the correlation calculation result correctly includes the propagation delay amount and the phase rotation amount of the delayed wave.
- the correlation calculation unit 1043 outputs the obtained correlation result to the propagation delay estimation unit 1044.
- Propagation delay estimation section 1044 outputs the propagation delay amount d n to the amplitude coefficient estimator 1045 and the equalization unit 105.
- Amplitude coefficient estimator 1045 uses the propagation delay d n to be estimated in (CE r (n) in equation (3)) and the propagation delay estimation section 1044 CES outputted from CES detection unit 1041, the channel impulse It estimates the amplitude coefficient a n in response (CIR), and outputs the amplitude coefficient a n estimated to equalization section 105.
- the channel estimation unit 104 the propagation delay d n, amplitude fluctuation D 1, D 2 and, to estimate the amplitude coefficient A n, the propagation delay d n estimated amplitude fluctuation D 1, D 2, and outputs the amplitude coefficient a n to the equalization unit 105.
- the equalization method in the equalization unit 105 that is, the amplitude correction method, is taken as an example where the channel impulse response (CIR) is expressed by the following equation (10) as a result of the propagation channel estimation in the propagation channel estimation unit 104. Will be described. In Equation (10), it is assumed that
- Equalization unit 105 according to demodulation result value and historical symbol D 2, is corrected as follows sample value S n.
- the equalization unit 105 is used in the amplitude C when data “1” is received, the amplitude Z when data “0” is received, and the binarization unit 106 when there is no delay wave.
- the threshold value Th (C ⁇ Z) / 2 + Z is held in advance.
- the equalization unit 105 corrects the amplitude of sample value S n as following the (i) ⁇ (iii).
- the equalization section 105 C> S n ⁇ Th and, when D 1 ⁇ of (Th-Z), performs a correction to eliminate the effect D 1 of the delayed wave from the sample value S n.
- channel impulse response (CIR) is expressed by a composite wave of three or more waves, in addition to the above, when the demodulation result before time d n -d 1 symbol is “1”, and time d n ⁇ 1 -d 1, and d n -d 1 symbols preceding demodulation result performs the same operation for the case of "1".
- the equalization section 105 a propagation delay amount d n, CES of data in the absence of a delayed wave "0" and the amplitude value C which has received the "1", and Z, the data of the delayed wave is CES "
- the equalization method is not limited to the method described above, and may be performed by another method using the channel impulse response (CIR) estimated by the propagation path estimation unit 104.
- CIR channel impulse response
- the amplitude coefficient estimated by the propagation path estimation unit 104 can be set as a coefficient of a digital filter.
- the amplitude coefficient differs depending on whether the received data is “0” or “1”. For this reason, a digital filter assuming the case where the data is “0” and a digital filter assuming the case where the data is “1” are prepared, and the higher likelihood of the two filter outputs is used as the demodulation result. It is necessary to adopt it.
- the detection unit 102 extracts amplitude information of an OOK modulation signal sequence obtained by performing OOK modulation on a known CES composed of data “0” and “1”, and detects the signal sequence. To get.
- the “1” detection unit 1042 extracts only the sample value corresponding to the data “1” from the sample value of the detection signal sequence, and acquires the extracted signal sequence.
- Correlation calculation section 1043 performs correlation calculation between the extracted signal sequence and CES, and propagation delay estimation section 1044 estimates the channel delay response (CIR) propagation delay amount from the correlation calculation.
- the amplitude coefficient estimation unit 1045 estimates the amplitude coefficient of the channel impulse response (CIR) from the correlation calculation.
- the data information is included only in the amplitude information, such as an OOK modulation signal
- the propagation path is estimated using the calculation result.
- a detection method used for demodulation such as envelope detection can be used, and appropriate propagation path estimation can be performed while avoiding an increase in circuit scale and complexity.
- sampling is usually performed at the bit rate of the payload having a high transmission rate.
- both the payload and the CES are sampled at the sampling rate B p ( 1 / T).
- B p 1 / T
- two sample results can be obtained for one bit of CES. For example, for a 128-bit CES, 256 samples are obtained as a sample result.
- B CES the CES bit rate
- FIG. 24 the 120th to 136th correlation values in FIG. 23 are enlarged and displayed.
- the 128th correlation value takes a peak value, and the other correlation values take zero.
- FIG. 25 shows the correlation results obtained by sampling at a rate equal to CES bit rate B p of the payload.
- the 250th to 262nd correlation values in FIG. 25 are enlarged and displayed.
- small peaks hereinafter referred to as “side lobes”
- FIG. 27 expands the correlation values of the 506th to 518th correlation values when a CES having a length of 256 bits is sampled at a rate twice the CES bit rate in a propagation path in which a delay wave exists. And display. As can be seen from FIG. 27, a peak (side lobe) that should not exist is detected before the 512th peak corresponding to the direct wave. In addition, no peak appears at the 513th where a delayed wave is supposed to be detected.
- the propagation path estimation unit 104 in the subsequent stage it is difficult for the propagation path estimation unit 104 in the subsequent stage to correctly perform the propagation path estimation.
- FIG. 28 shows a main configuration of the propagation path estimation unit according to the present embodiment. Note that in the propagation path estimation unit according to the present embodiment in FIG. 28, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. FIG. 28 is provided with a correlation calculation unit 1043a instead of the correlation calculation unit 1043 with respect to FIG.
- the correlation calculation unit 1043a corrects the correlation calculation after performing the correlation calculation using a sample value sampled at a rate higher than the bit rate B CES of the CES .
- the “1” detection unit 1042 extracts only the data “1” portion from the received CES (ST101).
- Correlation calculation section 1043a performs correlation processing between the result of ST101 and CES (ST102). Furthermore, correlation calculation section 1043a detects the component having the maximum absolute value of the amplitude (usually a direct wave component) from the result of ST102, and sets the amplitude value to ⁇ (ST103). Correlation calculation section 1043a prepares a sidelobe signal in the CES autocorrelation result in advance. Correlation calculation section 1043a shifts the side lobe signal in the autocorrelation function of CES according to the time of ST103, and performs amplitude adjustment using amplitude value ⁇ of ST103 as an amplitude coefficient (ST104).
- correlation calculation section 1043a subtracts the result of ST104 from the result of ST102 (ST105), detects the component having the second largest absolute value of the amplitude from the result of ST105, and sets the amplitude value to ⁇ (ST106). .
- Correlation calculation section 1043a shifts the sidelobe signal in accordance with the time of ST106, and performs amplitude adjustment using amplitude value ⁇ of ST106 as an amplitude coefficient (ST107).
- Correlation calculation section 1043a subtracts the result of ST107 from the result of ST105 (ST108).
- Correlation calculation section 1043a repeats ST106 to ST108 for components whose absolute amplitude value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (ST109: YES).
- correlation calculation section 1043a sets the amplitude value of the component detected in ST103 (usually a direct wave component) as ⁇ in the result of ST109 (ST110). .
- correlation calculation section 1043a shifts the side lobe signal in accordance with the time of ST103, and performs amplitude adjustment using ( ⁇ ) as an amplitude coefficient (ST111). Then, correlation calculation section 1043a subtracts the result of ST111 from the result of ST109 and sets the result after subtraction as the corrected correlation calculation result (ST112).
- the correlation calculation unit 1043a removes the side lobe of the autocorrelation result from the component having a large absolute value of the correlation step by step using the amplitude value as a coefficient. By repeating this process, the amplitude value of each detection path component is gradually corrected. Finally, the difference between the corrected amplitude value and the uncorrected amplitude value is obtained for the component with the maximum absolute value of the amplitude (usually a direct wave component). Remove.
- FIG. 30 shows the result of performing the above-described series of processing (ST103 to ST112) on FIG.
- the 511th peak disappears, and the 513th peak, which originally has a delayed wave, appears.
- the correlation calculation unit 1043a performs the side lobe in the CES autocorrelation result. After the amplitude is adjusted by multiplying the signal by the absolute value of the amplitude of the autocorrelation result by the maximum value ⁇ , the sidelobe signal after amplitude adjustment is subtracted from the autocorrelation result. Further, the correlation calculation unit 1043a performs a process of further subtracting the side lobe signal whose amplitude has been adjusted by multiplying the maximum value ⁇ of the absolute value of the amplitude after the subtraction from the result after the subtraction. Repeat until is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.
- the correlation calculation unit 1043a removes unnecessary side lobes, reproduces the influence of the delayed wave, and appropriately A correlation calculation result can be acquired.
- the subsequent propagation delay estimation unit 1044 and amplitude coefficient estimation unit 1045 can perform appropriate propagation path estimation.
- the channel estimation is performed using the sequence in which the autocorrelation is an impulse as the channel estimation sequence (CES).
- CES channel estimation sequence
- a propagation path estimation unit and a propagation path estimation method that perform propagation path estimation using a series different from the propagation path estimation series (CES) of Embodiments 1 and 2 will be described. Note that, similarly to the first and second embodiments, the propagation path estimation unit according to the present embodiment performs propagation path estimation using the amplitude information acquired by envelope detection.
- FIG. 31 shows a main configuration of the propagation path estimation unit according to the present embodiment. Note that the propagation path estimation unit according to the present embodiment can be applied in place of propagation path estimation unit 104 of receiving apparatus 100 in FIG.
- CES detector 2041 includes a CES detector 2041, a propagation delay estimator 2042, and an amplitude coefficient estimator 2043.
- the CES detection unit 2041 detects CES from the sample value of the detection signal output from the sample unit 103.
- the CES detection method is not particularly limited, and various methods can be used.
- the CES detection unit 2041 may include a matched filter, and a detection method that determines that CES is detected when the output of the matched filter exceeds a predetermined value may be used.
- CES 1 All are composed of data “0”.
- CES 2 Only the top one data is “1”, and the remaining other data is “0”.
- CES 3 All are composed of data “1”.
- FIG. 33 shows the waveform of the received signal when the CES shown in FIG. 32 is transmitted.
- FIG. 34 shows a detection signal after envelope detection for the received signal shown in FIG.
- FIG. 35 shows sample values for the detection signal shown in FIG.
- the CES detection unit 2041 When the CES is detected, the CES detection unit 2041 outputs the timing at which the CES is detected to the propagation delay estimation unit 2042. Further, CES detection section 2041 outputs the sample value of the detection signal output from sample section 103 to propagation delay estimation section 2042 and amplitude coefficient estimation section 2043.
- Propagation delay estimation section 2042 estimates the propagation delay amount d n from the sample value. Specifically, the propagation delay estimation unit 2042 first detects, as a delay wave, a sample value that exceeds a predetermined threshold other than the top data in the CES 2 interval. Then, the propagation delay estimation unit 2042 calculates the propagation delay amount d 2 of the delay wave by subtracting the time when the leading data “1” of the CES 2 is detected from the time when the delay wave is detected.
- the propagation delay estimation unit 2042 determines that if the sample values after propagation delay amount d 2 is increased, the delay wave phase is a direct wave and the phase of the same phase. Further, the propagation delay estimation unit 2042 determines that the phase of the delayed wave is opposite to the phase of the direct wave when the sample value after the propagation delay amount d 2 is decreased.
- Propagation delay estimation section 2042 outputs the propagation delay amount d n estimated amplitude coefficient estimator 2043 and the equalization unit 105.
- the amplitude coefficient estimator 2043 estimates the amplitude coefficient An and the amplitude variation D n of the channel impulse response (CIR). In the example shown in FIG. 35, in the CES 3 interval, the amplitude of the received signal decreases after 10 symbols from the beginning. As described above, since CES 1 is all data “0”, the amplitude coefficient A 1 of the direct wave can be obtained from the head of CES 2 , that is, the amplitude of the 33rd sample value in FIG.
- the amplitude coefficient estimation unit 2043 subtracts the sample value of data “0” (for example, the average value of the sample values in the CES 1 section) in an environment without a delay wave from the detected sample value, and the data “1” is subtracted. An amplitude variation D 1 given to data “0” by interference is obtained.
- the amplitude coefficient estimator 2043 in the section of the CES 3, from the sample values from the beginning d 2 symbols after the segment of CES 3, the sample values of the data "1" in an environment where there is no delayed wave (e.g. CES Subtract the first sample value in the two sections. Accordingly, the amplitude coefficient estimator 2043 obtains an amplitude fluctuation D 2 data "1" is given to the data "1" by interference.
- the amplitude coefficient estimator 2043 calculates the amplitude fluctuation D 1 that the data “1” gives to the data “0” due to interference and the amplitude fluctuation D 2 that the data “1” gives to the data “1” due to interference. Ask.
- CES 1 is composed of all data “0”, only the top one data is “1”, and the remaining other data is composed of “0”.
- Propagation path estimation is performed by using a CES composed of CES 2 and CES 3 composed entirely of data “1”.
- the propagation path estimation unit 104 determines whether or not the amplitude variation D n depends on whether the current received data and the past data (d 2 -d 1 symbol before) are “1”. Was calculated.
- the amplitude fluctuation D n can be calculated from only the amplitude of the current sample value without using the demodulation result of the past data. For this reason, compared with Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, it becomes possible to perform propagation path estimation by a relatively simple method.
- the receiving apparatus and propagation path estimation method according to the present invention can perform appropriate propagation path estimation using amplitude information of a received signal.
- a receiving apparatus and a propagation path estimation method according to the present invention include a receiving apparatus and a propagation path that perform propagation path estimation using amplitude information of a received signal obtained by envelope detection or the like in a system using an OOK modulation scheme. This is useful for estimation methods.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図7には、本発明の実施の形態に係る受信装置の要部構成を示す。図7に示す受信装置100は、アンテナ101、検波部102、サンプル部103、伝搬路推定部104、等化部105、及び二値化部106を備えて構成される。
現在の受信データのサンプル値をS1とすると、式(6)を計算することにより、遅延波がデータ“0”に与える振幅変動D1を推定する。
現在の受信データのサンプル値をS2とすると、式(7)を計算することにより、遅延波がデータ“1”に与える振幅変動D2を推定する。
この場合、遅延波が直接波に対し同位相で合成される。そこで、等化部105は、サンプル値Snの振幅を以下の(i)~(iii)のように補正する。
すなわち、等化部105は、受信データ“1”のサンプル値Snから同位相に合成された遅延波の影響D2を除去する。これにより、等化部105は、本来の値より大きめに受信されたサンプル値を、本来の値に補正する。
Sn<Thの場合、(a)データ“0”であるが遅延波の影響により振幅が増加した場合と、(b)データ“1”であるが、伝搬路の影響により振幅が減ってしまった場合との2つの場合が考えられる。そこで、等化部105は、D1と(Th-Z)とを比較し、どちらの場合か判定する。ここで、(Th-Z)は、本来、データ“0”であるのに誤ってデータ“1”と判定されるまでのマージンを示す。従って、データ“0”に対し遅延波が影響を及ぼすD1が、当該マージン(Th-Z)より小さければ、(a)データ“0”の場合と判定することができる。そこで、等化部105は、Sn<Th、かつ、D1<(Th-Z)のとき、サンプル値Snから遅延波の影響D1を除去する補正を行う。
C>Sn≧Thの場合、(a)本来データ“0”であるが、伝搬路の影響により振幅が増加した場合と、(b)本来データ“1”であるが、伝搬路の影響により振幅が減少した場合との、2つの場合が考えられる。そこで、等化部105は、D1と(Th-Z)とを比較し、どちらの場合であるか判定する。(ii)で述べたように、(Th-Z)は、本来データ“0”であるのに誤ってデータ“1”と判定されるまでのマージンを示す。すなわち、D1≧(Th-Z)を満たす場合、(a)の場合であると判定することができる。そこで、等化部105は、C>Sn≧Th、かつ、D1≧(Th-Z)のとき、サンプル値Snから遅延波の影響D1を除去する補正を行う。
この場合、遅延波が直接波に対し逆位相で合成される。そこで、等化部105は、サンプル値Snを以下の(i)~(v)ように補正する。なお、補正の考え方は、[1]と同様であるため詳しい説明を省略する。
(i)Sn≧Th、かつD1<(Th-Z)、かつ|D2|<(Th-Z)のとき、Sn+|D2|に補正する。
(ii)Sn<Th、かつD1<(Th-Z)、かつ|D2|<(Th-Z)のとき、Sn-D1に補正する。
(iii)Sn≧Th、かつD1≧(Th-Z)、かつ|D2|≧(Th-Z)のとき、Sn-D1に補正する。
(iv)Sn<Th、かつD1≧(Th-Z)、かつ|D2|≧(Th-Z)のとき、Sn+|D2|に補正する。
(v)D1≧(Th-Z)、かつ|D2|<(Th-Z)のとき、|Sn-D1-Z|と|Sn+|D2|-C|とを比較し、値が小さい方((Sn-D1)か(Sn+|D2|)のいずれか)を補正後の値として採用する。
実施の形態1では、伝播路推定系列とその他の部分(例えばペイロード)の伝送レートが同一の場合について説明した。すなわち、サンプル部103が、伝搬路推定系列とその他の部分とで、同一の伝送レートを用いてサンプリングする場合を例に説明した。
実施の形態1及び実施の形態2では、自己相関がインパルスになる系列を伝搬路推定系列(CES)に用い伝搬路推定した。本実施の形態では、実施の形態1及び実施の形態2の伝搬路推定系列(CES)とは異なる系列を用いて、伝搬路推定する伝搬路推定部及び伝播路推定方法について説明する。なお、実施の形態1及び実施の形態2と同様に、本実施の形態に係る伝搬路推定部は、包絡線検波により取得された振幅情報を用いて伝播路推定する。
(1)CES1:全てデータ“0”で構成される。
(2)CES2:先頭の1個のデータのみ“1”であり、残りの他のデータは“0”で構成される。
(3)CES3:全てデータ“1”で構成される。
101 アンテナ
102 検波部
103 サンプル部
104,204 伝搬路推定部
105 等化部
106 二値化部
1041,2041 CES検出部
1042 “1”検出部
1043,1043a 相関演算部
1044,2042 伝搬遅延推定部
1045,2043 振幅係数推定部
Claims (7)
- データ“0”及び“1”により構成される既知の伝搬路推定系列がOOK変調されたOOK変調信号系列を包絡線検波して検波信号系列を取得する検波手段と、
前記検波信号系列からデータ“1”に対応する検波信号のみを抽出して抽出信号系列を取得する抽出手段と、
前記抽出信号系列と、前記伝搬路推定系列との相関演算を行う相関手段と、
前記相関演算の結果に基づいて伝搬路特性を推定する推定手段と、
を具備する受信装置。 - 前記抽出手段は、
前記検波信号系列のうちデータ“0”に対応する検波信号を0に置き替えることにより前記抽出信号系列を取得する、
請求項1に記載の受信装置。 - 前記検波信号系列を二値化して復調結果を得る二値化手段と、
前記伝搬路推定系列と、前記検波信号系列と、過去の復調結果とを用いて、等化処理を行う等化手段と、をさらに具備する、
請求項1に記載の受信装置。 - 前記推定手段は、
前記相関演算の結果に基づいて直接波に対する遅延波の遅延時間を算出する、
請求項1に記載の受信装置。 - 前記推定手段は、
前記遅延時間と、前記伝搬路推定系列と、前記検波信号系列とを用いて、伝搬路の振幅係数を推定する、
請求項4に記載の受信装置。 - 前記等化手段は、
前記遅延時間と、遅延波の干渉を受けない前記伝搬路推定系列のデータ“0”及び“1”の振幅値と、遅延波が前記伝搬路推定系列のデータ“0”及び“1”に与える振幅変動と、過去のデータの復調結果とに基づいて、前記検波信号系列の振幅を補正する、
請求項3に記載の受信装置。 - データ“0”及び“1”により構成される既知の伝搬路推定系列がOOK変調されたOOK変調信号系列を包絡線検波して検波信号系列を取得し、
前記検波信号系列からデータ“1”に対応する検波信号のみを抽出して抽出信号系列を取得し、
前記抽出信号系列と、前記伝搬路推定系列との相関演算を行い、
前記相関演算の結果に基づいて伝搬路特性を推定する、
伝搬路推定方法。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200980116481XA CN102017555B (zh) | 2008-08-29 | 2009-07-30 | 接收装置及传播路径估计方法 |
US12/992,253 US8379764B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2009-07-30 | Receiving device and channel estimation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008-222097 | 2008-08-29 | ||
JP2008222097A JP5137750B2 (ja) | 2008-08-29 | 2008-08-29 | 受信装置及び伝搬路推定方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010023820A1 true WO2010023820A1 (ja) | 2010-03-04 |
Family
ID=41721004
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/003628 WO2010023820A1 (ja) | 2008-08-29 | 2009-07-30 | 受信装置及び伝搬路推定方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8379764B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5137750B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102017555B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010023820A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105337620A (zh) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-02-17 | 上海华虹集成电路有限责任公司 | 解码卡片发送的106k类型a信号的解码电路 |
CN112152949A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-29 | 浙江科技学院 | 一种开关键控通信系统的信道估计方法 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5137750B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-02-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | 受信装置及び伝搬路推定方法 |
JP5638485B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-09 | 2014-12-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 受信装置および受信方法 |
KR101815942B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-02 | 2018-01-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 엔벨로프를 검출하는 방법 및 장치 |
JP7311132B2 (ja) | 2018-05-16 | 2023-07-19 | 第一衛材株式会社 | 衛生吸収具 |
JP7402709B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-14 | 2023-12-21 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | 通信装置、情報処理方法、及びプログラム |
CN112270058B (zh) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-05-16 | 华北理工大学 | 一种基于回声状态网络的光网络多信道传输质量预测方法 |
CN114448613B (zh) * | 2021-12-21 | 2024-01-26 | 北京邮电大学 | 通信系统的物理层密钥生成方法、装置和电子设备 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1141137A (ja) * | 1997-07-16 | 1999-02-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | スペクトラム拡散通信用受信装置 |
JP2001057526A (ja) * | 1999-06-09 | 2001-02-27 | Futaba Corp | 受信装置、及び受信装置の受信チャンネル推定方法 |
WO2006072378A1 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-13 | Stmicroelectronics N.V. | Method of coding and decoding a pulse signal, in particular an uwb-ir signal, and corresponding devices |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6529495B1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2003-03-04 | Nokia Telecommunications, Oy | Method and apparatus for providing differencing multistage detection in the reverse link of a code division multiple access communication system |
CN1540896B (zh) * | 2003-04-24 | 2010-04-07 | 上海明波通信技术有限公司 | 小区搜索方法以及实现装置 |
US7212591B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2007-05-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Methods and receivers that estimate multi-path delays by removing signal rays from a power-delay profile |
FR2871241B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-07 | 2007-01-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme de localisation ulb pour le secours aux victimes d'avalanches |
US7822161B2 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2010-10-26 | Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute | Impulse radio-based ultra wideband (IR-UWB) system using 1-bit digital sampler and bit decision window |
JP2008066880A (ja) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | パルス受信装置および同期タイミング推定方法 |
JP5171291B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-03-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | 無線送信方法、無線送信装置、及び、無線受信装置 |
JP5137750B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-02-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | 受信装置及び伝搬路推定方法 |
-
2008
- 2008-08-29 JP JP2008222097A patent/JP5137750B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-07-30 WO PCT/JP2009/003628 patent/WO2010023820A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-07-30 US US12/992,253 patent/US8379764B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-30 CN CN200980116481XA patent/CN102017555B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1141137A (ja) * | 1997-07-16 | 1999-02-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | スペクトラム拡散通信用受信装置 |
JP2001057526A (ja) * | 1999-06-09 | 2001-02-27 | Futaba Corp | 受信装置、及び受信装置の受信チャンネル推定方法 |
WO2006072378A1 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-13 | Stmicroelectronics N.V. | Method of coding and decoding a pulse signal, in particular an uwb-ir signal, and corresponding devices |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
H YAMAGUCHI ET AL.: "Equalization for Infrared Wireless Systems Using OOK-CDMA", IEICE TRANS. COMMUN., vol. E85-B, no. 10, 1 October 2002 (2002-10-01), pages 2292 - 2299 * |
HIROE YAMAGUCHI ET AL.: "Kakusan Hansha Tsushinro ni Okeru Hantei Kikangata Tokaki o Mochiita OOK-CDMA Shitsunai Sekigaisen Musen Tsushin no Tokusei Hyoka", IEICE TECHNICAL REPORT, 11 July 2000 (2000-07-11), pages 103 - 109 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105337620A (zh) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-02-17 | 上海华虹集成电路有限责任公司 | 解码卡片发送的106k类型a信号的解码电路 |
CN112152949A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-29 | 浙江科技学院 | 一种开关键控通信系统的信道估计方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102017555A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
CN102017555B (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
JP5137750B2 (ja) | 2013-02-06 |
US8379764B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
US20110064128A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
JP2010057088A (ja) | 2010-03-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5137750B2 (ja) | 受信装置及び伝搬路推定方法 | |
JP4421682B2 (ja) | ディジタル伝送システムにおける受信機のための拡張されたチャンネル推定等化器 | |
EP1746794B1 (en) | Path selection in an OFDM apparatus | |
KR970007362B1 (ko) | 수신기에서의 손상된 신호 등화 장치 및 방법 | |
US6347126B1 (en) | Receiver with a frequency offset correcting function | |
EP0789955B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for channel estimation | |
EP1276291A2 (en) | Symbol synchronisation in a multicarrier receiver | |
WO2003071724A1 (fr) | Recepteur, circuit et procede de correction de rythme de symboles, et procede de traitement de demodulation | |
JP5171291B2 (ja) | 無線送信方法、無線送信装置、及び、無線受信装置 | |
US9722845B2 (en) | Bluetooth low energy frequency offset and modulation index estimation | |
WO2000035159A1 (en) | Delay spread estimation for multipath fading channels | |
US7356105B1 (en) | Method and system for providing maximum likelihood detection with decision feedback interference cancellation | |
US20100074346A1 (en) | Channel estimation in ofdm receivers | |
JP5032538B2 (ja) | 伝送路応答推定器 | |
KR101019481B1 (ko) | 타이밍 복구 장치 및 방법 | |
US8447002B2 (en) | Receiving apparatus with frequency domain equalizer | |
JP3795885B2 (ja) | 受信装置および受信制御方法 | |
JP2004282613A (ja) | 等化装置およびこれを有する受信装置 | |
JPH11154925A (ja) | ディジタル伝送装置 | |
KR101098760B1 (ko) | 왜곡 파일럿 복구를 통해 채널을 추정하는 채널 추정기, 그채널 추정기를 포함한 ofdm 수신장치, 및 왜곡 파일럿보상을 통한 채널추정방법 | |
KR20060095256A (ko) | 주파수 영역 및 시간 영역의 상호 변환을 이용한 채널 추정장치 및 그 방법 | |
JP3907574B2 (ja) | デジタル放送受信機における復調装置 | |
JP2007235407A (ja) | 適応等化器および通信装置 | |
EP4002785B1 (en) | Apparatus for signal detection using gaussian frequency shift keying transmission and a method using the apparatus | |
JP2011176742A (ja) | 伝送路応答推定器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980116481.X Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09809477 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2282/MUMNP/2010 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12992253 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 09809477 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |