WO2010001734A1 - 波長選択スイッチ - Google Patents
波長選択スイッチ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010001734A1 WO2010001734A1 PCT/JP2009/061117 JP2009061117W WO2010001734A1 WO 2010001734 A1 WO2010001734 A1 WO 2010001734A1 JP 2009061117 W JP2009061117 W JP 2009061117W WO 2010001734 A1 WO2010001734 A1 WO 2010001734A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/356—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types in an optical cross-connect device, e.g. routing and switching aspects of interconnecting different paths propagating different wavelengths to (re)configure the various input and output links
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
- G02B6/2931—Diffractive element operating in reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
- G02B6/29311—Diffractive element operating in transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
- G02B6/29313—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wavelength selective switch capable of branching or combining light of different wavelengths in optical wavelength division multiplexing communication.
- wavelength selective switches that multiplex or demultiplex optical signals for each wavelength have become key devices for optical communication.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional wavelength selective switch.
- the input / output port 101 refers to all input / output ports at the input / output terminal 100 (input / output ports 101a to 101e in FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the waveguide 14 represents all the waveguides in the fiber array 140 (the waveguides 14a to 14e in FIGS. 1 and 2).
- a wavelength selective switch 200 in FIG. 1 includes a lens array 102 that collimates light output from the input / output port 101 of the input / output end 100 disposed at a focal position, and a high aperture that converges light from the lens array 102.
- the light reflected by the mirror array 106 at an arbitrary angle converges on different input / output ports for each wavelength according to the inclination angle of each micromirror of the mirror array 106.
- the first lens 103 changes the angle of the light reflected again by the spectroscopic element 105 out of the light reflected by the mirror array 106 and transmitted through the second lens 104, and the optical axis of the light from the input / output port 101. It has a function to give an offset to.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a wavelength selective switch 200 ′ in which the reflective spectroscopic element 105 in FIG. 1 is replaced with a transmissive spectroscopic element 105 ′.
- 2A shows the wavelength selective switch 200 'in the xz plane
- FIG. 3B shows the wavelength selective switch 200' in the yz plane.
- the incident angle and the diffraction angle of the transmission type spectroscopic element 105 are both expressed as close to 0 degrees for convenience of drawing, but in actuality, both the incident angle and the diffraction angle are close to 45 degrees.
- the third lens 104 ′ in FIG. 2 has the same function as the second lens 104 in FIG. 1 for light from the spectroscopic element 105 ′ to the mirror array 106.
- An optical signal wavelength-multiplexed through the waveguides 14 in the fiber array 140 is emitted from the input port 101 as divergent light.
- input light dashed line
- input light emitted from the input port 101 b as divergent light enters the lens array 102, is converted into parallel light, and enters the first lens 103.
- the input light is converted into focused light on the first lens 103, imaged at the first imaging position A, again diverged light, incident on the second lens 104, converted again into parallel light, and incident on the spectroscopic element 105.
- the input light is demultiplexed by wavelength into the spectroscopic element 105, enters the third lens 104 ′, is converted into focused light, and is imaged by the mirror array 106 for each wavelength.
- the micromirror 106c is inclined at an inclination angle ⁇ m necessary for causing the output light to enter the output port 101c, and becomes output light (solid line) and enters the third lens 104 'as divergent light.
- the output light is converted into parallel light by the third lens 104 ′, passes through the spectroscopic element 105, enters the second lens 104, is converted into focused light, and forms an image at the first imaging position A.
- the output light imaged at the first imaging position A becomes divergent light, enters the first lens 103, is converted into parallel light, enters the lens array 102, is converted into focused light, and is output to the output port 101c. And transmitted via the fiber array 101.
- a conventional wavelength selective switch consists of two confocal optical systems.
- a confocal optical system I composed of the lens array 102 and the first lens 103, and a confocal optical system II in the subsequent stage.
- the confocal optical system II is composed of the second lens 104 and the spectroscopic element 105 in the case of FIG. 1, and is composed of the second lens, the spectroscopic element 105 and the third lens 104 ′ in the case of FIG.
- the image magnification M1 of the confocal optical system I is f1 / fo.
- the image magnification is an absolute value of the lateral magnification.
- the beam spot size ⁇ 1 at the first imaging position A is expressed by Equation 1.
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ o ⁇ fl / fo (1)
- the beam size ⁇ g on the spectroscopic element 105 is expressed by Formula 2 from Formula 1 and the following Gaussian beam formula.
- ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ f2 / ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1) (Gaussian beam formula)
- ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ f2 ⁇ fo / ( ⁇ ⁇ f1 ⁇ ⁇ o) (2)
- f2 is the focal length of the second lens 104 and the third lens 104 ′.
- Such a wavelength selective switch can be miniaturized by shortening the focal lengths of the first lens 103 and the second lens 104.
- consideration is given to shortening the focal length.
- the light reflected by the mirror array 106 enters the second lens 104 in FIG. 1 and enters the third lens 104 ′ in FIG. 2 at an angle of 2 ⁇ m with respect to the inclination angle ⁇ m of the micromirror 106c.
- This light is converted into collimated light, reflected by the spectroscopic element 105 in FIG. 1 and incident on the second lens 104 again.
- the light passes through the spectroscopic element 105 and enters the second lens 104.
- the light is transmitted through the same second lens 104, and in FIG. 2, the second lens 104 and the third lens 104 are the same lens and have the same focal length.
- the angle toward the position A is also 2 ⁇ m.
- the angle toward the first lens 103 is also 2 ⁇ m.
- the pitch Pf of the fiber array 140 and the lens array 102 is expressed by Equation 3.
- Pf tan (2 ⁇ m) ⁇ f1 (3)
- the pitch Pf is decreased. However, it is difficult to reduce the pitch Pf of the fiber array 140 and the lens array 102.
- the pitch Pf can be maintained and the focal length f1 can be shortened by increasing the tilt angle ⁇ m of the micromirror, but the pitch Pf is maintained because the tilt angle ⁇ m has a limit. Therefore, it is difficult to shorten the focal length f1. For this reason, it is necessary to set the focal length f1 of the first lens 103 to a predetermined length or more.
- the wavelength selective switch 200 ′ viewed from the XZ plane is shown in FIG.
- the input light (dashed line) incident on the spectroscopic element 105 at a predetermined angle is diffracted, demultiplexed at each wavelength interval d ⁇ , and incident on the third lens 104 ′ at a predetermined diffraction angle, and is coupled on the mirror array 106.
- output light is omitted. If the center wavelength is ⁇ o and the wavelength interval is d ⁇ , the adjacent wavelengths can be expressed as ⁇ o + d ⁇ and ⁇ o ⁇ d ⁇ .
- the pitch Pm of the micromirrors 106c in the mirror array 106 can be expressed by Equation 4 when the diffraction angle difference d ⁇ between ⁇ o and ⁇ o ⁇ d ⁇ is set as the focal length f2 of the third lens 104 ′.
- Pm tan (d ⁇ ) ⁇ f2 (4)
- g (sin ⁇ + sin ⁇ ) m ⁇ ⁇ (diffraction grating equation)
- g grating pitch
- m diffraction order
- ⁇ incident angle
- ⁇ diffraction angle
- the focal length f2 of the second lens 104 is reduced without changing the beam spot size ⁇ 1 at the first imaging position A
- the linear dispersion on the mirror array 106 is reduced proportionally. For this reason, in order to maintain the adjacent wavelength interval, it is necessary to reduce the interval of the mirror array 106 in proportion.
- the beam spot size ⁇ m on the mirror array 106 is the same as the beam spot size ⁇ 1 at the first imaging position A, when the interval between the mirror arrays 106 is reduced, the steepness of the passband characteristic and the cutoff characteristic is deteriorated. There was a problem, and there was a problem that it was difficult to downsize the wavelength selective switch.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and provide a small wavelength selective switch.
- the wavelength selective switch according to the present invention includes an optical path adjusting optical component that shortens the focal length of the first lens and the second lens.
- a plurality of input ports to which input light including one or more wavelengths is input and at least one output port from which output light is output are provided side by side and linearly.
- a spectroscopic element coupled to the second lens; and disposed on the opposite side of the spectroscopic element with the second lens in between, with a central axis connecting the first lens and the second lens removed,
- the input light reflected by the element and converged for each wavelength by the second lens is incident for each wavelength, and has a micromirror for each wavelength shared by each input light. Reflects light of wavelength as output light
- a mirror array coupled to the output port via the second lens, the spectroscopic element, the second lens, the first lens, and the lens array in this order, and the second lens to the mirror array.
- An optical path adjusting optical component disposed in a common optical path of input light and output light from the mirror array to the second lens, and shortening a focal length of the first lens and the second lens.
- Another configuration of the wavelength selective switch according to the present invention is such that a plurality of input ports to which input light including one or more wavelengths is input and at least one output port from which output light is output are provided side by side and linearly.
- a lens array disposed opposite to the output end and the input / output end, which converts each input light from the input port into parallel light and couples the output light to the output port, and the lens array in between
- a first lens disposed on the opposite side of the writing output end, converging and diffusing each input light from the lens array to a focal point, and converting the output light into parallel light to be coupled to the lens array; and the first lens Is arranged on the opposite side of the lens array, and the input light from the first lens is converted into parallel light, the output light is converged on the focal point, and then diffused and coupled to the first lens.
- the input light from the spectroscopic element, which is disposed on the opposite side of the second lens with the spectroscopic element in between and separated for each wavelength, is converged for each wavelength, and the output light is converted into parallel light.
- a third lens coupled to the element and the third lens are arranged on the opposite side of the spectroscopic element, and the input light converged by the third lens is incident on each wavelength, and each input light is shared Microwave for each wavelength And reflects light having a desired wavelength of desired input light as output light, and passes through the third lens, the spectroscopic element, the second lens, the first lens, and the lens array in this order.
- a mirror array coupled to the output port, and disposed in a common optical path of input light from the third lens to the mirror array and output light from the mirror array to the third lens, the first lens and An optical component for optical path adjustment that shortens the focal length of the second lens.
- the pitches of the spectroscopic element, the fiber array, and the mirror array remain the same as those of the first lens and the first lens.
- the focal length of the two lenses can be reduced to 1 / M. Therefore, the optical path length can be reduced, and a small wavelength selective optical switch can be provided. Further, since the optical path length is reduced, the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of reflecting mirrors used for optical path conversion and downsizing the housing.
- the optical path adjusting optical component of the wavelength selective switch according to the present invention includes an optical path adjusting first lens and an optical path adjusting second lens in order from the input light incident side, and the optical path adjusting first lens.
- a confocal optical system is constituted by the lens and the second lens for adjusting an optical path.
- the image magnification M can be adjusted by the focal length of the two lenses.
- the second optical path adjustment lens of the wavelength selective switch according to the present invention has a longer focal point than the first optical path adjustment lens.
- the first optical path adjusting lens may be a convex lens or a concave lens.
- n output ports are arranged at predetermined intervals from the input port near the center, in order to increase the number of output ports, as can be seen from Equation 4 ′, the maximum tilt angle of the micromirrors in the mirror array is increased, It is necessary to increase the focal length of the first lens. However, the tilt angle of the micromirror has a limit. Further, when the focal length of the first lens is increased, the wavelength selection switch is increased in size. On the other hand, although it is possible to reduce the pitch between the ports and increase the number of output ports, it is difficult to reduce the pitch of the fiber array and the lens array, resulting in a decrease in yield and an increase in cost. For this reason, increasing the number of output ports of a miniaturized wavelength selective switch has also been a problem.
- the wavelength selective switch according to the present invention restores the focal length of the first lens whose image magnification has been reduced to 1 / M by inserting optical components for optical path adjustment of M, and makes the focal length of the lens array M times. It was decided. Here, it is assumed that M> 1.
- the focal length of the normal lens array and the first lens is very short relative to the focal length of the second lens. For this reason, even if the focal length of the lens array becomes M times, the wavelength selective switch can be reduced in size by the effect of making the focal length of the second lens 1 / M. Even if the focal length of the first lens set to 1 / M is restored, the wavelength selective switch can be reduced in size by the effect of setting the focal length of the second lens to 1 / M. Therefore, the present invention can provide a small wavelength selective switch with a large number of output ports.
- the present invention can provide a small wavelength selective switch at low cost.
- (A) is a schematic configuration diagram in the xz plane, and (b) is a schematic configuration diagram in the yz plane.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a wavelength selective switch according to the present invention.
- (A) is a schematic configuration diagram in the xz plane, and (b) is a schematic configuration diagram in the yz plane.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a wavelength selective switch according to the present invention.
- (A) is a schematic configuration diagram in the xz plane, and (b) is a schematic configuration diagram in the yz plane.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a wavelength selective switch according to the present invention.
- (A) is a schematic configuration diagram in the xz plane, and (b) is a schematic configuration diagram in the yz plane.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a wavelength selective switch according to the present invention.
- (A) is a schematic configuration diagram in the xz plane, and (b) is a schematic configuration diagram in the yz plane.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the wavelength selective switch 301 of the first embodiment.
- 3A shows the wavelength selective switch 301 in the xz plane
- FIG. 3B shows the wavelength selective switch 301 in the yz plane.
- the input / output port 11 refers to all input / output ports at the input / output terminal 10 (input / output ports 11a to 11c in FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the waveguide 14 refers to all the waveguides in the fiber array 140 (the waveguides 14a to 14c in FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the input / output ports 11, 11a and 11c are described as input ports to which input light is input
- the input / output port 11b is described as an output port from which output light is output.
- the wavelength selective switch 301 has a reflective configuration, that is, a configuration in which light is reflected and diffracted by the spectroscopic element 60.
- a plurality of input / output ports 11a to which input light including one or more wavelengths is input, an input / output port 11c, and at least one input / output port 11b to which output light is output are provided side by side and linearly.
- the input / output terminal 10 and the lens array arranged opposite to the input / output terminal 10 for collimating the input light from the input / output port 11a and the input / output port 11c and coupling the output light to the input / output port 11b.
- the lens 20 and the lens array 20 are arranged on the opposite side of the input / output terminal 10, and each input light from the lens array 20 is converged and diffused to the focal point, and the output light is converted into parallel light to the lens array 20.
- the first lens 30 to be coupled and the first lens 30 are arranged on the opposite side of the lens array 20, and each input light from the first lens 30 is made into parallel light,
- a second lens 50 that diffuses and then couples the force light to the focal point and couples it to the first lens 30, and is disposed on the opposite side of the first lens 30 with the second lens 50 therebetween, on the surface that receives the input light
- the input light is reflected and diffracted at a different angle for each wavelength on the grating surface on which a plurality of gratings parallel to the arrangement direction of the input / output ports 11 of the input / output terminal 10 are formed, and coupled to the second lens 50 again.
- the light is reflected and diffracted at different angles for each wavelength and coupled to the second lens 50, and the second lens 50 is on the opposite side of the spectroscopic element 60.
- the second lens 50 are arranged off the central axis, input light reflected by the spectroscopic element 60 and converged for each wavelength by the second lens 50 is incident on each wavelength, and each input light is shared.
- Has a micromirror for each wavelength The input light is reflected by reflecting the light of the desired wavelength of the desired input light as the output light and passing through the second lens 50, the spectroscopic element 60, the second lens 50, the first lens 30 and the lens array 20 in this order.
- the first lens 30 and the second lens are arranged in a common optical path of the mirror array 80 to be coupled to 11b and the input light from the second lens 50 to the mirror array 20 and the output light from the mirror array 20 to the second lens 50.
- an optical component 90 for adjusting the optical path that shortens the focal length of 50 is arranged in a common optical path of the mirror array 80 to be coupled to 11b and the input light from the second lens 50 to the mirror array 20 and the output light from the mirror array 20 to the second lens 50.
- an optical component 90 for adjusting the optical path that shortens the focal length of 50.
- the input / output end 10 is an end face where the input / output port 11 of the fiber array 140 is provided.
- two input / output ports 11a and 11c to which input light is input are shown, but any number greater than or less than this can be arranged.
- the number of input / output ports 11b is not limited to one and may be plural.
- waveguides 14a to 14c are connected to the input / output port 11 for each port.
- the input / output port 11a and the input / output port 11c receive light including one or more wavelengths propagating through the waveguide 14, respectively.
- the input / output port 11b outputs light to the waveguide 14b. Further, the input / output port 11b is provided side by side and linearly.
- the lens array 20 for example, there is a microlens array.
- the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 for example, a convex lens, a doublet lens obtained by bonding and combining an appropriate convex lens and a concave lens to reduce optical aberration, and a plurality of lenses such as a triplet lens are combined.
- a lens for example, a convex lens, a doublet lens obtained by bonding and combining an appropriate convex lens and a concave lens to reduce optical aberration, and a plurality of lenses such as a triplet lens are combined.
- a lens for example, a convex lens, a doublet lens obtained by bonding and combining an appropriate convex lens and a concave lens to reduce optical aberration, and a plurality of lenses such as a triplet lens are combined.
- the spectroscopic element 60 is, for example, a reflective diffraction grating.
- the spectroscopic element 60 has a grating surface 62 in which a plurality of gratings in the y-axis direction are formed in parallel to the x-axis direction.
- the lattice surface 62 may be formed with a plurality of concave and convex grooves, or portions that reflect light and portions that absorb light may be alternately arranged. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 3A, the light transmitted through the second lens 50 is reflected and diffracted by the spectroscopic element 60.
- the light is emitted from the grating surface 62 of the spectroscopic element 60 at different diffraction angles for each wavelength in the xz plane.
- the light is reflected as it is in the z-axis direction.
- the grating surface 62 of the spectroscopic element 60 faces the second lens 50 for simplicity, but in general, the optical axis (z axis) so that the normal line of the grating surface 62 is in the xz plane. It is inclined with respect to.
- the mirror array 80 includes micromirrors 80a to 80c. A plurality may be arranged for each wavelength according to the number of wavelengths included in the input light.
- the mirror array 80 can change the inclination angle ⁇ m for each micromirror.
- a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) mirror can be applied as the micromirror.
- the micromirrors 80a to 80c are arranged in the X direction at a mirror pitch Pm.
- the lens array 20 and the first lens 30 constitute a confocal optical system I from the input / output end 10 to the first imaging position A. Further, the second lens 50 and the spectroscopic element 60 constitute a confocal optical system II from the first imaging position A to the second imaging position B.
- the optical path adjusting optical component 90 is disposed in a common optical path for input light from the second lens 50 to the mirror array 80 and output light from the mirror array 80 to the second lens 50.
- the image magnification M of the optical component 90 for adjusting an optical path is 1 or more with respect to input light.
- the optical path adjustment optical component 90 includes an optical path adjustment first lens 91 and an optical path adjustment second lens 92 in order from the side on which the input light is incident, and the optical path adjustment first lens 91 and the optical path adjustment The second lens 92 forms a confocal optical system III from the second imaging position B to the mirror array 80.
- Input light is indicated by a one-dot chain line, and output light is indicated by a solid line.
- output light is omitted.
- FIG. 3B the input light from the mirror array 80 to the spectroscopic element 60 is indicated by a broken line, and the output light is indicated by a dotted line.
- the wavelength-multiplexed light propagating through the waveguide 14 is emitted as input light from the input port 11a, becomes parallel light by the lens array 20, is converged by the first lens 30, and is imaged at the first imaging position A.
- each input light is diffracted and reflected by the spectroscopic element 60. That is, the light is reflected and diffracted by the diffraction surface 62 of the spectroscopic element 60 at different angles for each wavelength in the xz plane.
- the light demultiplexed for each wavelength by the spectroscopic element 60 is indicated by a dotted line, an alternate long and short dash line, and a long broken line.
- the light reflected and diffracted by the spectroscopic element 60 and separated by a predetermined wavelength is converged by the second lens 50 and forms an image at the second image forming position B.
- the input light that has passed through the second imaging position B becomes diffused light again, enters the optical path adjustment first lens 91, is converted into parallel light, and enters the optical path adjustment second lens 92.
- the short wavelength optical path and the long wavelength optical path are reversed in the x-axis direction.
- the incident light is converted into convergent light by the second optical path adjusting lens 92, and forms an image on the micromirrors 80a to 80c arranged at predetermined intervals in the X direction of the mirror array 80.
- any input light from the input / output port 11 is dispersed for each wavelength by the spectroscopic element 60 and is incident on one of the micromirrors 80a to 80c.
- the input light is light in which three wavelengths ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3) are wavelength-multiplexed
- the light of wavelength ⁇ 1 among the input light from the input / output port 11a is incident on the micromirror 80a, and the wavelength of ⁇ 2
- the light enters the micromirror 80b, and the light having the wavelength ⁇ 3 enters the micromirror 80c.
- the inclination angle ⁇ m of the micromirrors 80a to 80c is changed so that the reflected light of any wavelength is coupled to the input / output port 11b, and the direction of the reflected light is adjusted.
- the angle of the reflected light is an angle (2 ⁇ m) that is twice the tilt angle ⁇ m of the micromirrors 80a to 80c.
- the reflected light becomes diffused light and again enters the second optical path adjustment lens 92, is converted into parallel light, and enters the first optical path adjustment lens 91.
- the short-wavelength and long-wavelength optical paths are reversed again in the x-axis direction, and converged light is imaged at the second imaging position B.
- the reflected light imaged at the second imaging position B becomes diffused light and enters the second lens 50, is converted into parallel light, enters the spectroscopic element 60, is reflected and diffracted, and is combined.
- the optical signal imaged at the first imaging position A becomes diffused light again, enters the first lens 30 and is converted into parallel light, enters the lens array 20 corresponding to the input / output port 11b, and enters the input / output terminal 10. And image is transmitted through the waveguide 14b.
- the image magnification M of the optical path adjustment optical component 90 is expressed by Equation 5.
- M f4 / f3 (5)
- f3 focal length of the first optical path adjustment lens 91
- f4 focal length of the second optical path adjustment lens 92.
- the optical path adjusting second lens 92 has a longer focal point than the optical path adjusting first lens 91 so that the image magnification M is M> 1. That is, it is necessary to select the first optical path adjustment lens 91 and the second optical path adjustment lens 92 so as to satisfy the relationship of f4> f3.
- the optical path adjusting optical component 90 having the image magnification M is disposed between the confocal optical system II and the mirror array 80, so that the focal length f1 of the first lens 30 and the focal length f2 of the second lens 50 are respectively 1 / M. Can be reduced. That is, since the first lens focal length is f1 / M and the second lens focal length is f2 / M, the wavelength selective switch 301 can be downsized.
- the beam spot size ⁇ 2 at the second imaging position B is the same as the beam spot size ⁇ 1 at the first imaging position A.
- the beam spot size ⁇ m on the mirror array is multiplied by M times by the optical path adjusting optical component 90, so that Equation 7 is obtained.
- Formula 7 is the same as Formula (1 ') in the conventional example. Even if the optical component 90 for adjusting the optical path with an image magnification of M is disposed between the confocal optical system II and the mirror array 80, the focal length of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 is reduced to 1 / M. The beam spot size on 80 does not change, and it is not necessary to enlarge the micromirrors 80a to 80c. Accordingly, the focal length of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 can be shortened by the optical path adjusting optical component 90 while the size of the mirror array 80 is maintained, and the wavelength selective switch 301 can be downsized.
- Beam spot size on the spectroscopic element The beam spot size at the first imaging position A is Equation 6, and the beam size ⁇ g on the spectroscopic element is Equation 8 according to the above-described Gaussian beam formula.
- Formula 8 is the same as Formula 2 in the conventional example. Even if the optical component 90 for adjusting the optical path having an image magnification of M is disposed between the confocal optical system II and the mirror array 80, the beam spot size on the spectroscopic element 60 does not change, and the wavelength resolution does not change. Therefore, the focal length of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 can be shortened by the optical path adjusting optical component 90 while maintaining the wavelength resolution, and the wavelength selective switch 301 can be downsized.
- the inclination angle ⁇ m of the micromirror of the mirror array 80 when the port that outputs the reflected light is switched is set.
- the optical axis of the reflected light has an angle of 2 ⁇ m with respect to the optical axis of the incident light.
- the reflected light is converted into collimated light by the optical path adjusting second lens 92.
- the Y-axis direction distance from the optical axis of the incident light to the optical axis of the reflected light is dY and the focal length of the second optical path adjustment lens 92 is f4 in the second optical path adjustment lens 92
- the Y-axis direction distance dY is an equation. It becomes like 9.
- dY tan (2 ⁇ m) ⁇ f4 (9)
- Equation 10 the ray angle of view ⁇ 1 of the first lens 30 and the pitch Pf of the fiber array 140 and the lens array 20 are expressed by Equation 10.
- Pf tan ⁇ 1 ⁇ (f1 / M)
- ⁇ 1 arctan (Pf ⁇ M / f1) (10)
- the distance dY is given by the following equation when the focal length of the optical path adjusting first lens 91 is f3.
- dY tan ⁇ arctan (Pf.M / f1) ⁇ . f3 (11)
- tan ⁇ arctan (Pf ⁇ M / f1) ⁇ ⁇ f3 tan (2 ⁇ m) ⁇ f4
- Pf tan (2 ⁇ m) ⁇ f1 ⁇ f4 / (f3 ⁇ M) (12)
- the pitch Pf becomes the following equation.
- Pf tan (2 ⁇ m) ⁇ f1 (13)
- Formula 13 is the same as Formula 3 in the conventional example. Even if the third confocal optical system having an image magnification of M times is disposed between the second confocal optical system and the mirror array, the pitch Pf of the fiber array 140 and the lens array 20 does not change. Therefore, while maintaining the sizes of the fiber array 140 and the lens array 20, the focal length of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 can be shortened by the optical path adjusting optical component 90, and the wavelength selective switch 301 can be downsized. it can.
- This second imaging position B is a real image position at which the mirror array 80 is projected by the confocal optical system III.
- the adjacent wavelengths can be expressed as ⁇ o + d ⁇ and ⁇ o ⁇ d ⁇ .
- the input light having the center wavelength ⁇ o is indicated by a one-dot chain line
- the input light having the adjacent wavelength ⁇ o + d ⁇ and the adjacent wavelength ⁇ o ⁇ d ⁇ is indicated by a dotted line and a long broken line, respectively.
- the pitch Pm ′ of the real image mirror array 80 ′ can be expressed by Equation 14.
- Formula 15 is the same as Formula 4 in the conventional example. Even if the optical component 90 for adjusting the optical path with an image magnification of M is disposed between the confocal optical system II and the mirror array 80, the focal lengths of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 are reduced to 1 / M. The pitch Pm required for the array 80 does not change. Therefore, the pitch Pm of the mirror array 80 is not narrowed, the focal lengths of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 are shortened by the optical component 90 for optical path adjustment, and the wavelength selective switch 301 can be miniaturized.
- the optical path adjusting optical component 90 with the image magnification of M times is disposed between the second image forming position B and the mirror array 80, so that the focal lengths of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 are reduced to 1 /.
- a compact wavelength selective optical switch 301 that can be reduced to M and has a reduced optical path length can be provided.
- the optical path length is reduced, it is possible to reduce the number of optical path conversion mirror parts required for mounting in a predetermined casing and to reduce the member cost by downsizing the casing.
- the size can be reduced without reducing the pitches of the spectroscopic elements, fiber arrays, lens arrays, and mirror arrays that have been conventionally used, cost reduction can be realized.
- the optical path length is reduced, the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of reflecting mirrors used for optical path conversion and downsizing the housing.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the wavelength selective switch 302 of the second embodiment.
- 4A shows the wavelength selective switch 302 in the xz plane
- FIG. 4B shows the wavelength selective switch 302 in the yz plane.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 are the same as each other, and a description thereof is omitted.
- 11a and 11c are described as input ports to which input light is input
- the input / output port 11b is described as an output port from which output light is output.
- the wavelength selective switch 302 has a transmission type configuration, that is, a configuration in which the spectroscopic element 65 transmits and diffracts light.
- a plurality of input / output ports 11a to which input light including one or more wavelengths is input, an input / output port 11c, and at least one input / output port 11b to which output light is output are arranged side by side.
- the input / output end 10 provided in a straight line and the input / output end 10 are opposed to each other, and the input lights from the input / output port 11a and the input / output port 11c are made parallel light, and the output light is changed to the input / output port 11b.
- the lens array 20 to be coupled to the lens array 20 is disposed on the opposite side of the input / output end 10 with the lens array 20 in between, and each input light from the lens array 20 is converged and diffused to the focal point, and the output light is converted into parallel light.
- the first lens 30 coupled to the lens array 20 is disposed on the opposite side of the lens array 20 with the first lens 30 therebetween, and each input light from the first lens 30
- the second lens 50 is converted into parallel light, and after the output light is converged to the focal point and then diffused and coupled to the first lens 30.
- the second lens 50 is disposed between the second lens 50 and the first lens 50.
- the input light is transmitted and diffracted at different angles for each wavelength by the grating surface 67 in which a plurality of gratings parallel to the arrangement direction of the input / output ports 11 of the input / output port 10 are formed on the receiving surface.
- a spectroscopic element 65 that is transmitted and diffracted at different angles for each wavelength and is coupled to the second lens 50, and a spectroscopic element that is disposed on the opposite side of the second lens 50 with the spectroscopic element 65 in between and separated for each wavelength.
- Each input light from the element 65 is converged for each wavelength, and the third lens 70 is arranged on the opposite side of the spectroscopic element 65 with the third lens 70 interposed between the third lens 70 and the output light as parallel light.
- the input light is incident on each wavelength, and has a micromirror for each wavelength shared by each input light, and reflects the light of the desired wavelength of the desired input light as the output light, and the third lens 70 ,
- the spectroscopic element 65, the second lens 50, the first lens 30, the lens array 20, and the mirror array 80 coupled to the input / output port 11 b in this order, and the input light from the third lens 70 to the mirror array 80 and the mirror
- An optical path adjusting optical component 90 that is disposed in a common optical path of output light from the array 80 to the third lens 70 and shortens the focal length of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50.
- the spectroscopic element 65 is, for example, a transmission diffraction grating.
- the grating surface 67 of the spectroscopic element 65 is the same as the grating surface 62 of FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4A, the input light transmitted through the second lens 50 is transmitted and diffracted by the spectroscopic element 65. That is, the input light is emitted from the grating surface 67 of the spectroscopic element 65 at different diffraction angles for each wavelength in the xz plane.
- the second lens 50 and the third lens 70 constitute a confocal optical system II.
- the third lens 70 has the same characteristics as the second lens 50 and is disposed at a distance equal to the distance between the second lens 50 and the spectroscopic element 65.
- Input light is indicated by a one-dot chain line, and output light is indicated by a solid line.
- output light is omitted.
- the process is the same as that of the wavelength selective switch 301 in FIG. 3 until the input light enters the spectroscopic element 65 and the output light is coupled to the input / output port 11b.
- Each input light is transmitted and diffracted by the diffraction surface 62 of the spectroscopic element 65 at different angles for each wavelength in the xz plane, and is demultiplexed at a predetermined wavelength interval.
- the demultiplexed lights are converged by the third lens 70, and enter the micromirrors 80a to 80c of the mirror array 80 for each wavelength via the optical path adjusting optical component 90.
- the operation of the mirror array 80 and the function of the optical component 90 for adjusting the optical path are the same as those of the wavelength selective switch 301 in FIG. Therefore, as described with reference to the wavelength selective switch 301 in FIG. 3, the first lens 30 and the optical path adjusting optical component 90 having an image magnification of M times are disposed between the second imaging position B and the mirror array 80.
- the focal length of the second lens 50 can be reduced to 1 / M, and a small wavelength selective optical switch 302 with a reduced optical path length can be provided. Further, the cost can be reduced with the wavelength selective switch 301 of FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the wavelength selective switch 303 of the third embodiment.
- the difference from the wavelength selective switch 302 in FIG. 4 is that an optical path adjusting first lens 96 is used instead of the optical path adjusting first lens 91. Therefore, details of the overall configuration and description of the overall operation will be omitted, and the configuration and operation of the optical component 90 for adjusting the optical path will be described.
- the first optical path adjustment lens 91 in FIG. 4 is a convex lens
- the first optical path adjustment lens 96 in FIG. 5 is a concave lens
- the second optical path adjusting lens 92 is a convex lens as in the second embodiment of FIG.
- the image magnification of the optical component 90 for adjusting an optical path is expressed by Equation 16.
- M f4 /
- f3 focal length of the first optical path adjustment lens 96 (negative value because of a concave lens)
- f4 focal length of the second optical path adjustment lens 92.
- the focal length of the second optical path adjustment lens 92 is set larger than the absolute value of the focal length of the first optical path adjustment lens 96 so that the image magnification M is M> 1. That is, it is necessary to select the first optical path adjustment lens 96 and the second optical path adjustment lens 92 so as to have an equivalence relationship of f4>
- the first optical path adjusting lens 96 is located between the second image forming point B and the third lens 70, and is separated from the second image forming point B by the absolute value of the focal length f3 of the optical path adjusting first lens 96. Installed.
- the optical path adjusting second lens 92 is located between the optical path adjusting first lens 96 and the mirror array 80, and is set apart from the first optical path adjusting lens 96 by f4-
- an inverted image M times the second imaging point B is formed on the mirror array 80. Except for this point, the overall operation of the wavelength selective switch 302 and the wavelength selective switch 303 is the same. It is.
- the conventional wavelength selective switch is compared with the wavelength selective switch 302 described in the second embodiment.
- the focal lengths of the first lens 30 and the second lens 50 are reduced to 1 ⁇ 2, so the focal length f1 ′ of the first lens 30 is 5 mm and the focal length f2 ′ of the second lens 50 is 75 mm.
- the optical path length L ′ from the incident / exit end 10 of the fiber array 140 to the mirror array 80 is 342 mm. Therefore, the optical path length can be shortened by 45%, and the wavelength selective optical switch can be miniaturized.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the wavelength selective switch 304 of the fourth embodiment.
- 6A shows the wavelength selective switch 304 in the xz plane
- FIG. 6B shows the wavelength selective switch 304 in the yz plane.
- the wavelength selective switch 304 differs from the wavelength selective switch 302 of FIG. 4 in that the wavelength selective switch 304 is an alternative to the input / output end 10, the lens array 20, and the first lens 30.
- One lens 35 is provided.
- the input / output terminal 15 has more input / output ports than the input / output terminal 10. Specifically, the input / output terminal 15 has an input port 11l at the center, and output ports (11h to 11k) and output ports (11m to 11p) on both sides thereof. For this reason, the lens array 25 also has a larger number of lenses than the lens array 20.
- the focal length of the lens array 25 is M times the focal length of the lens array 20, that is, fo ⁇ M.
- the first lens 35 is larger in diameter than the first lens 30 in order to couple the output light to the wide output ports (11h to 11k, 11m to 11p).
- the image magnification M can be adjusted by the first optical path adjustment lens 91 and the second optical path adjustment lens 92 as shown in Equation 5.
- the outermost output port distance Pn that can be switched to the port is given by Equation 21 as follows.
- Pn tan (2 ⁇ m ⁇ M) ⁇ f1 (22) Comparing Formula 22 and Formula 4 ′, even if the maximum tilt angle of the micromirror is the same, the outermost output port distance Pn that allows port switching increases approximately M times. Therefore, the wavelength selective switch 304 can be multi-ported without changing the port pitch and the maximum inclination angle of the micromirror compared to the wavelength selective switch 302 of the second embodiment.
- the beam spot size ⁇ 2 at the second imaging position B is the same as the beam spot size ⁇ 1 at the first imaging position A. .
- Formula 25 is equivalent to Formula 2.
- An optical path adjusting optical component 90 having an image magnification of M times is disposed between the confocal optical system II and the mirror array 80, and the focal length of the lens array 25 is set to M times the focal length of the lens array 20 of FIG. Even if the focal length of the lens 35 is M times the focal length of the first lens 30 in FIG. 4, the beam size on the spectroscopic element 60 does not change. Therefore, the wavelength selective switch 304 can increase the number of input / output ports while maintaining the wavelength resolution of the wavelength selective switch 302 of the second embodiment.
- the input light incident on the spectroscopic element 60 at a predetermined angle is diffracted and demultiplexed into the wavelength interval d ⁇ to be incident on the second lens 50 at a predetermined diffraction angle.
- the second focal position B is a real image position where the mirror array 80 is projected by the confocal optical system III.
- the pitch Pm ′ of the real image mirror array 80 ′ can be expressed by the following equation.
- Pm ′ tan (d ⁇ ) ⁇ f2 / M (26)
- the pitch Pm of the mirror array 80 is converted to M times by the confocal optical system III, it can be expressed by the following equation.
- Equation 27 is equivalent to Equation 15.
- the optical path adjusting optical component 90 having an image magnification of M is disposed between the confocal optical system II and the mirror array 80, and the focal length of the lens array 25 is set to M times the focal length of the lens array 20 of FIG. This means that even if the focal length of the first lens 35 is M times the focal length of the first lens 30 in FIG. 4, the pitch of the mirror array does not change. Therefore, the wavelength selective switch 304 does not need to enlarge the mirror array 80, and can increase the number of input / output ports while maintaining the size of the wavelength selective switch 302 of the second embodiment.
- the wavelength selective switch 304 of the fourth embodiment can also have a structure in which the optical path is folded back by a spectroscopic element, similar to the wavelength selective switch 301 of the first embodiment with respect to the wavelength selective switch 302 of the second embodiment.
- the conventional wavelength selective switch is compared with the wavelength selective switch 304 described in the fourth embodiment.
- the optical path length L from the fiber array input / output end to the mirror array is 651 mm.
- the distance Pn 1.31 mm from the center input port to the position where the outermost output port can be arranged. For example, when the port interval is 0.25 mm pitch, 10 output ports can be arranged.
- the distance Pn 2.62 mm from the center input port to the position where the outermost output port can be arranged.
- the wavelength selective switch 304 can arrange 20 output ports, and is small and can be switched to multiple ports.
- the wavelength selective switch of the present invention can branch light of different wavelengths, and is applied as an optical multiplexing / demultiplexing circuit for wavelength multiplexing or wavelength relocation type add-drop wavelength multiplexing circuit when realizing an optical wavelength multiplexing communication network. it can.
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Abstract
Description
ω1=ωo・fl/fo (1)
ωm=ωo・f1/fo (1’)
ωg=λ・f2/(π・ω1) (ガウシアンビームの公式)
ωg=λ・f2・fo/(π・f1・ωo) (2)
ここで、f2:第二レンズ104及び第三レンズ104’の焦点距離である。
ミラーアレイ106で反射された光はマイクロミラー106cの傾斜角度θmに対し、2θmの角度となって図1では第二レンズ104に入射し、図2では第三レンズ104’に入射する。この光はコリメート光に変換され図1では分光素子105で反射され再び第二レンズ104に入射し、図2では分光素子105を透過して第二レンズ104に入射する。図1では光が同じ第二レンズ104を透過しているため、また、図2では第二レンズ104と第三レンズ104は同じレンズであり焦点距離が同じであるため、光が第一結像位置Aに向かう角度も2θmとなる。更に第一レンズ103に向かう角度も2θmとなる。マイクロミラー106cの傾斜角度θmで隣接ポートヘ切り替えようとした場合、ファイバアレイ140及びレンズアレイ102のピッチPfは数式3となる。
Pf=tan(2θm)・f1 (3)
ここで、XZ面から見た波長選択スイッチ200’を図2(a)に示す。分光素子105に所定の角度で入射した入力光(一点鎖線)は回折され、各波長間隔dλに分波され、それぞれ所定の回折角度で第三レンズ104’に入射し、ミラーアレイ106上で結像する。図2(a)では出力光を省略している。中心波長をλo、波長間隔をdλとすれば、隣接波長はλo+dλ、λo-dλと表現できる。ミラーアレイ106のマイクロミラー106cのピッチPmは、λoとλo-dλの回折角度差dβとし、第三レンズ104’の焦点距離f2とした場合、数式4で表すことができる。
Pm=tan(dβ)・f2 (4)
g(sinα+sinβ)=m・λ (回折格子方程式)
ここで、g:格子ピッチ、m:回折次数、α:入射角、β:回折角である。
第一レンズ103の焦点距離f1を短くすると第一結像位置A及びミラーアレイ106でのビームスポットサイズが大きくなる。このため、マイクロミラーの面積を拡大しなければならず、ミラーアレイ106が大きくなり、波長選択スイッチを小型化することが困難という課題もある。また第二レンズ104の焦点距離f2を縮小すると、数式2より分光素子105上を照射するビームサイズが縮小する。これにより波長分解能が低下するため、波長選択スイッチを小型化することが困難という課題もあった。更に、第一結像位置Aのビームスポットサイズω1を変えずに第二レンズ104の焦点距離f2を縮小すると、ミラーアレイ106上の線分散は比例して縮小する。このため、隣接波長間隔を維持するためにミラーアレイ106の間隔を比例して縮小する必要があった。一方で、ミラーアレイ106上のビームスポットサイズωmは第一結像位置Aのビームスポットサイズω1と同じなので、ミラーアレイ106の間隔が縮小した場合、通過帯域特性及び遮断特性急峻度が劣化するという問題があり、波長選択スイッチを小型化することが困難であるという課題があった。
Pn=tan(2θm)・f1 (4’)
図3に、第一実施形態の波長選択スイッチ301の概略構成図を示す。図3(a)は、x-z面での波長選択スイッチ301を示し、図3(b)は、y-z面での波長選択スイッチ301を示している。また、以下の説明で、入出力ポート11とは、入出力端10にある全ての入出力ポート(図3及び図4では入出力ポート11a~11c)を示すものとする。また、導波路14とは、ファイバアレイ140にある全ての導波路(図3及び図4では導波路14a~14c)を示すものとする。なお、本実施例では、入出力ポート11のうち、11a及び11cを入力光が入力される入力ポートとし、入出力ポート11bを出力光が出力される出力ポートとして説明する。
光路調整用光学部品90が光路調整用第一レンズ91及び光路調整用第二レンズ92で構成される場合、光路調整用光学部品90の像倍率Mは数式5となる。
M=f4/f3 (5)
ここで、f3:光路調整用第一レンズ91の焦点距離、f4:光路調整用第二レンズ92の焦点距離である。
共焦点光学系Iのレンズアレイ20の焦点距離をfo、第一レンズの焦点距離をf1/Mとした場合、共焦点光学系Iの像倍率M1は、M1=f1/(M・fo)となる。ファイバのモードフィールド径をωoとすると、第一結像位置Aでのビームスポットサイズω1は数式6となる。
ω1=ωo・f1/(M・fo) (6)
ωm=M・ωo・f1/(M・fo)=ωo・f1/fo (7)
第一結像位置Aでのビームスポットサイズは数式6であり、前述のガウシアンビームの公式により分光素子上のビームサイズωgは数式8となる。
ωg=λ・fo・M・f2/(π・f1・ωo・M)
=λ・fo・f2/(π・f1・ωo) (8)
図3(b)のように、反射光を出力するポートを切り替えるときのミラーアレイ80のマイクロミラーの傾斜角度θmとする。反射光の光軸は入射光の光軸に対して2θmの角度を持つ。反射光は光路調整用第二レンズ92でコリメート光に変換される。光路調整用第二レンズ92で入射光の光軸から反射光の光軸までのY軸方向距離をdY、光路調整用第二レンズ92の焦点距離をf4とすると、Y軸方向距離dYは数式9のようになる。
dY=tan(2θm)・f4 (9)
Pf=tanθ1・(f1/M)
θ1=arctan(Pf・M/f1) (10)
θ3=arctan(Pf・M/f1) (10’)
dY=tan{arctan(Pf・M/f1)}・f3 (11)
数式9及び数式11より
tan{arctan(Pf・M/f1)}・f3=tan(2θm)・f4
Pf=tan(2θm)・f1・f4/(f3・M) (12)
数式12に数式5を代入するとピッチPfは次式となる。
Pf=tan(2θm)・f1 (13)
図3(a)のように、分光素子60に所定の角度で入射した入力光は回折され、波長間隔dλに分波され所定の回折角度となり第二レンズ50に入射し第二結像位置Bに結像する。この第二結像位置Bは共焦点光学系IIIによりミラーアレイ80が映し出される実像位置である。
Pm’=tan(dβ)・f2/M (14)
一方、ミラーアレイ80のピッチPmは共焦点光学系IIIによりM倍に変換されるため、数式15のようになる。
Pm=M・Pm’=tan(dβ)・f2 (15)
図4に、第2実施形態の波長選択スイッチ302の概略構成図を示す。図4(a)は、x-z面での波長選択スイッチ302を示し、図4(b)は、y-z面での波長選択スイッチ302を示している。図4において図3と同じ符号のものは相互に同じものであるため、その部分の説明は省略する。なお、本実施例では、入出力ポート11のうち、11a及び11cを入力光が入力される入力ポートとし、入出力ポート11bを出力光が出力される出力ポートとして説明する。
図5に第3実施形態の波長選択スイッチ303の概略構成図を示す。図4の波長選択スイッチ302との違いは、光路調整用第一レンズ91の代替として光路調整用第一レンズ96を用いている点である。そのため全体構成の詳細と全体動作の説明は省略し光路調整用光学部品90の構成と動作について説明する。
M=f4/|f3| (16)
ここでf3:光路調整用第一レンズ96の焦点距離(凹レンズのため負値)、f4:光路調整用第二レンズ92の焦点距離である。
従来の波長選択スイッチと第2実施形態で説明した波長選択スイッチ302とを比較する。従来の波長選択光スイッチは、レンズアレイ焦点距離fo=1mm、第一レンズ焦点距離f1=10mm、第二レンズ焦点距離f2=150mmとした場合、ファイバアレイ入出射端からミラーアレイまでの光路長L=622mmとなる。それに対し、波長選択光スイッチ302は、共焦点光学系IIIの光路調整用第一レンズ91の焦点距離f3=5mm、光路調整用第二レンズ92の焦点距離f4=10mm、すなわち像倍率M=2倍とした場合、第一レンズ30及び第二レンズ50焦点距離が1/2に縮小されるので、第一レンズ30の焦点距離f1’=5mm、第二レンズ50の焦点距離f2’=75mmとなり、ファイバアレイ140の入出射端10からミラーアレイ80までの光路長L’=342mmとなる。よって、光路長を45%短縮することができ、波長選択光スイッチを小型化することができた。
図6に、第4実施形態の波長選択スイッチ304の概略構成図を示す。図6(a)は、x-z面での波長選択スイッチ304を示し、図6(b)は、y-z面での波長選択スイッチ304を示している。図6において図3及び図4と同じ符号のものは相互に同じものであるため、その部分の説明は省略する。波長選択スイッチ304と図4の波長選択スイッチ302との違いは、波長選択スイッチ304が入出力端10、レンズアレイ20、及び第一レンズ30の代替として入出力端15、レンズアレイ25、及び第一レンズ35を備えている点である。
図6(b)よりマイクロミラーの最大傾斜角度をθmとすると、ミラーアレイ80での反射角度(出力光の出射角度)は2θmとなる。更に光路調整用第二レンズ92でコリメート光に変換される出力光のY方向の位置をdY、光路調整用第二レンズ92の焦点距離をf4とすると、以下の関係式になる。
dY=tan(2θm)・f4 (17)
dY=tan(θ3)・f3 (18)
tan(2θm)・f4=tan(θ3)・f3
θ3=2θm・f4/f3 (19)
数式19及び数式5から
θ3=2θm・M (20)
を導くことができる。光線画角θ1、θ2、θ2’、θ3は同位角なので数式20は以下のようになる。
θ1=2θm・M (21)
Pn=tan(2θm・M)・f1 (22)
数式22と数式4’とを比較すると、マイクロミラーの最大傾斜角度が同じでも、ポート切替可能な最外郭出力ポート距離PnがおよそM倍増す。従って、波長選択スイッチ304は第2実施形態の波長選択スイッチ302と比べてポートピッチやマイクロミラーの最大傾斜角度を変更せずに多ポート化が可能となる。
共焦点光学系Iのレンズアレイ21の焦点距離をfo・M、第1レンズ35の焦点距離をf1とした場合、共焦点光学系Iの像倍率M1は、M1=f1/(fo・M)となる。また、導波路14のモードフィールド径をωoとすると、第一結像位置Aでのビームスポットサイズω1は次式となる。
ω1=ωo・f1/(fo・M) (23)
更に、共焦点光学系IIは同じレンズの構成のため像倍率は1倍なので、第二結像位置Bでのビームスポットサイズω2は第一結像位置Aでのビームスポットサイズω1と同じになる。
ωm=M・ωo・f1/(fo・M)=ωo・f1/fo (24)
よって、数式24は数式1’と等価となる。これは、像倍率M倍の光路調整用光学部品90を共焦点光学系IIとミラーアレイ80の間に配置し、レンズアレイ25の焦点距離を図4のレンズアレイ20の焦点距離のM倍に、第一レンズ35の焦点距離を図4の第一レンズ30の焦点距離のM倍にしてもミラーアレイ上のビームスポットサイズは変化しないことを意味する。従って、波長選択スイッチ304は、ミラーアレイ80のマイクロミラーを大きくする必要がなく、第2実施形態の波長選択スイッチ302の大きさを維持したまま入出力ポートを増やすことができる。
第一結像位置Aでのビームスポットサイズである数式23と第二レンズ50の焦点距離f2/Mをガウシアンビームの公式に代入すると、分光素子60上のビームサイズωgは次式となる。
ωg=λ・f2・fo・M/(π・ωo・f1・M)
=λ・fo・f2/(π・ωo・f1) (25)
図6(a)のように、分光素子60に所定の角度で入射した入力光は回折され、波長間隔dλに分波され所定の回折角度となり第二レンズ50に入射し第二焦点位置Bに結像する。この第二焦点位置Bは共焦点光学系IIIによりミラーアレイ80が映し出される実像位置である。
Pm’=tan(dβ)・f2/M (26)
また、ミラーアレイ80のピッチPmは共焦点光学系IIIによりM倍に変換されるため、次式で表すことができる。
Pm=M・Pm’=tan(dβ)・f2 (27)
従来の波長選択スイッチと第4実施形態で説明した波長選択スイッチ304とを比較する。従来の波長選択光スイッチは、レンズアレイ焦点距離fo=0.5mm、第一レンズ焦点距離f1=25mm、第二レンズ焦点距離f2=150mm、ミラーアレイのマイクロミラーの最大傾斜角度±1.5degとした場合、ファイバアレイ入出射端からミラーアレイまでの光路長L=651mmとなる。また、中心の入力ポートから、最外郭出力ポート配置可能な位置までの距離Pn=1.31mmである。例えば、ポート間隔を0.25mmピッチとした場合、10の出力ポートを配置することができる。
10、100:入出力端
20、102:レンズアレイ
30、103:第一レンズ
50、104:第二レンズ
60、65、105、105’:分光素子
62、67:格子面
70、104’:第三レンズ
80、106:ミラーアレイ
80’:実像のミラーアレイ
80a~80c、80h~80p、106a~106c:マイクロミラー
90:光路調整用光学部品
91、96:光路調整用第一レンズ
92:光路調整用第二レンズ
101、101a~101g:入出力ポート
11、11a~11c、11h~11p:入出力ポート
140:ファイバアレイ
14、14a~14e、14h~14p:導波路
A:第一結像位置
B:第二結像位置
I、II、III:共焦点光学系
Claims (6)
- 一以上の波長を含む入力光が入力される複数の入力ポート及び出力光が出力される少なくとも一つの出力ポートが横並び直線状に設けられた入出力端と、
前記入出力端に対向して配置され、前記入力ポートからのそれぞれの入力光を平行光にし、出力光を前記出力ポートに結合させるレンズアレイと、
前記レンズアレイを間にして前記入出力端の反対側に配置され、前記レンズアレイからのそれぞれの入力光を焦点に収束させて拡散し、出力光を平行光にして前記レンズアレイに結合する第一レンズと、
前記第一レンズを間にして前記レンズアレイの反対側に配置され、前記第一レンズからのそれぞれの入力光を平行光にし、出力光を焦点に収束させた後に拡散して前記第一レンズに結合する第二レンズと、
前記第二レンズを間にして前記第一レンズの反対側に配置され、入力光を受ける面上に前記入出力端の前記入力ポート及び前記出力ポートの配列方向に平行な複数の格子が形成された格子面でそれぞれの入力光を波長ごと異なる角度で反射回折させて再び前記第二レンズに結合し、出力光を入力光と同様に波長ごとに異なる角度で反射回折させて前記第二レンズに結合する分光素子と、
前記第二レンズを間にして前記分光素子の反対側であり、前記第一レンズと前記第二レンズとを結ぶ中心軸を外して配置され、前記分光素子で反射されて前記第二レンズで波長毎に収束された入力光が波長毎に入射し、それぞれの入力光が共用する波長毎のマイクロミラーを有しており、所望の入力光の所望の波長の光を出力光として反射し、前記第二レンズ、前記分光素子、再度前記第二レンズ、前記第一レンズ、前記レンズアレイの順で経由させて前記出力ポートへ結合させるミラーアレイと、
前記第二レンズから前記ミラーアレイへの入力光及び前記ミラーアレイから前記第二レンズへの出力光の共通の光路に配置され、前記第一レンズ及び前記第二レンズの焦点距離を短縮する光路調整用光学部品と、
を備える波長選択スイッチ。 - 一以上の波長を含む入力光が入力される複数の入力ポート及び出力光が出力される少なくとも一つの出力ポートが横並び直線状に設けられた入出力端と、
前記入出力端に対向して配置され、前記入力ポートからのそれぞれの入力光を平行光にし、出力光を前記出力ポートに結合させるレンズアレイと、
前記レンズアレイを間にして前記入出力端の反対側に配置され、前記レンズアレイからのそれぞれの入力光を焦点に収束させて拡散し、出力光を平行光にして前記レンズアレイに結合する第一レンズと、
前記第一レンズを間にして前記レンズアレイの反対側に配置され、前記第一レンズからのそれぞれの入力光を平行光にし、出力光を焦点に収束させた後に拡散して前記第一レンズに結合する第二レンズと、
前記第二レンズを間にして前記第一レンズの反対側に配置され、入力光を受ける面上に前記入出力端の前記入力ポート及び前記出力ポートの配列方向に平行な複数の格子が形成された格子面でそれぞれの入力光を波長ごとに異なる角度で透過回折させ、出力光を入力光と同様に波長ごと異なる角度で透過回折させて前記第二レンズに結合する分光素子と、
前記分光素子を間にして前記第二レンズの反対側に配置され、波長毎に分離された前記分光素子からのそれぞれの入力光を波長毎に収束させ、出力光を平行光にして前記分光素子へ結合する第三レンズと、
前記第三レンズを間にして前記分光素子の反対側に配置され、前記第三レンズで収束された入力光が波長毎に入射し、それぞれの入力光が共用する波長毎のマイクロミラーを有しており、所望の入力光の所望の波長の光を出力光として反射し、前記第三レンズ、前記分光素子、前記第二レンズ、前記第一レンズ、前記レンズアレイの順で経由させて前記出力ポートへ結合させるミラーアレイと、
前記第三レンズから前記ミラーアレイへの入力光及び前記ミラーアレイから前記第三レンズへの出力光の共通の光路に配置され、前記第一レンズ及び前記第二レンズの焦点距離を短縮する光路調整用光学部品と、
を備える波長選択スイッチ。 - 前記光路調整用光学部品は、前記入力光が入射する側から順に光路調整用第一レンズ及び光路調整用第二レンズを有しており、前記光路調整用第一レンズ及び前記光路調整用第二レンズで共焦点光学系を構成していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の波長選択スイッチ。
- 前記光路調整用第二レンズは、前記光路調整用第一レンズより長焦点であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の波長選択スイッチ。
- 前記光路調整用第一レンズは凸レンズまたは凹レンズであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の波長選択スイッチ。
- 前記光路調整用光学部品の像倍率をMとしたとき、
前記レンズアレイ及び前記第一レンズのそれぞれの焦点距離が、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の前記レンズアレイ及び前記第一レンズの焦点距離のM倍であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の波長選択スイッチ。
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