WO2009156385A2 - Procédé de réalisation d'une structure de fils multiaxiale, couches fibreuses unidirectionnelles et leur procédé de réalisation, structure de fils multiaxiale et pièce composite comprenant une matrice - Google Patents

Procédé de réalisation d'une structure de fils multiaxiale, couches fibreuses unidirectionnelles et leur procédé de réalisation, structure de fils multiaxiale et pièce composite comprenant une matrice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009156385A2
WO2009156385A2 PCT/EP2009/057787 EP2009057787W WO2009156385A2 WO 2009156385 A2 WO2009156385 A2 WO 2009156385A2 EP 2009057787 W EP2009057787 W EP 2009057787W WO 2009156385 A2 WO2009156385 A2 WO 2009156385A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bands
fibers
unidirectional fiber
unidirectional
segments
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/057787
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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WO2009156385A3 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Seuss
Original Assignee
Liba Maschinenfabrik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liba Maschinenfabrik Gmbh filed Critical Liba Maschinenfabrik Gmbh
Priority to DE112009001101T priority Critical patent/DE112009001101A5/de
Priority to CN200980124012.2A priority patent/CN102066638B/zh
Publication of WO2009156385A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009156385A2/fr
Publication of WO2009156385A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009156385A3/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/18—Separating or spreading
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/004—Glass yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for producing a multiaxial yarn layer according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4. Both methods of this type are known from EP 0 972 102 B1.
  • the multiaxial fabric scrims to be produced by the process are used primarily for the production of fiber-reinforced parts made of plastic, the scrim being embedded in a matrix of a plastic.
  • fiber is used to mean cable, filament, filament cable or roving, which means in each case a single fiber or filament consisting of a plurality of individual filaments and having as a starting material a cross-section of approximately circular or filament Polygon shape, but may already have a flattened cross-section in the manner of a rectangle with rounded corners If such fibers are required in the form of very thin layers or layers, they are made for cost reasons by widening or spreading of thick cables each of which consists of 12,000 (K number 12) or much more filaments.
  • the fibers of the starting material are withdrawn from supply reels, widened in a spreading unit and placed next to each other in the form of the resulting flat strips, so that a thin, flat layer is formed which has a width of at least 5 cm and a width of at least surface mass of not more than 300 g / m 2 .
  • This layer is used as unidirectional layer for the construction of the multi-axial thread layer, wherein several unidirectional fiber layers are stored with changing directions on top of each other.
  • a transverse cohesion is awarded, which extends over the entire width of this layer and thus on all bands from which this layer is formed.
  • the bands are thus held together by the transverse cohesion.
  • the measures for providing the transverse cohesion are known; Matting by a jet of pressurized water, the needles, the application of a chemical binder or the application of a thermo-fusible thread laid transversely over the unidirectional layer.
  • the methods mentioned influence the desirable planar and smooth formation of the unidirectional layers. This can have a disturbing effect on the formed multiaxial netting which, in view of the subsequent loading in a fiber-reinforced component, should have as homogeneous a surface as possible and a smooth surface on the outside.
  • the unidirectional layers formed from the starting material and provided with transverse cohesion are first wound up on supply reels, which are later brought to the multiaxial machines for setting up the multiaxial thread scrim. There, the layers are removed from the supply spools and brought over a transport device, where they are stored by means of a special installation device in individual cut segments on the transport device or an already existing unidirectional layer. To store the transport device can be stopped so that it can only be operated intermittently.
  • EP 0 972 102 B1 also already describes a possibility of depositing the segments in the case of a continuously moving transport device.
  • the cut segments are temporarily fixed by means of pliers to a carrier which moves a short distance far above the transport device and in the direction thereof, wherein the respective held segment is transferred from the carrier to the transport device.
  • a carrier which moves a short distance far above the transport device and in the direction thereof, wherein the respective held segment is transferred from the carrier to the transport device.
  • Leger-Klemm driving there is also the term "Leger-Klemm driving.” Since, according to EP 0 972 102 B1, the individual bands within the segments are connected to one another by the transverse cohesion, it is not possible to determine any difference in the length or the mechanical stress The quality of the resulting Multiaxialge privileges can be affected.
  • a similar method is also known from FR-A-2180606. After that, construction parts from aviation technology and aerospace are to be produced with a smooth surface and low weight; Examples include propeller blades and turbine blades.
  • the starting material is carbon fibers with a K number of 10 and more, which are widened by calibration to a basis weight between 90.4 and 123 g / m 2 .
  • the thickness of the resulting bands is given as 0.09 to 0.17 mm, and up to 282 of these bands should be arranged side by side.
  • a simple recalculation shows that layers with a width of the order of 1000 mm are formed.
  • a fiber-reinforced composite component such as, for example, a propeller wing as reinforcement.
  • a fiber-reinforced composite component such as, for example, a propeller wing as reinforcement.
  • the fibers of the starting material be provided with a mat (d'encollage) for better processing.
  • a trick not only wraps the fiber from the outside, but also penetrates the inside of the fiber, makes the filaments smoother and holds the fiber together by adhesion, which facilitates textile finishing.
  • a sizing also protects the fiber against corrosion and abrasion, improves the adhesion to the matrix and protects against mechanical damage.
  • the widened bands laid side by side should also be given transverse cohesion by means of a special measure, that is to say they are connected to one another.
  • a special measure that is to say they are connected to one another.
  • a cross-connection thus takes place with a material application and mutual fixing of the bands. This contradicts the requirement for a smooth surface and leads to the fact that length and tension differences between the individual adjacent bands can form.
  • a widened band is first produced by spreading the fibers of the starting material, which is stored as an intermediate to several bands next to each other or as a single band on supply reels.
  • This semi-finished product is then brought to the multi-axial machine and withdrawn there again and stored in the form of segments to unidirectional thread layers.
  • offline spreading In operating jargon, such a procedure is referred to as "offline spreading.”
  • online spreading In contrast, the so-called “online spreading" is already known, in which the spreading unit is located directly next to the multi-axial machine and operates in time with the laying device.
  • DE 10 2005 008 705 B3 discloses a device for feeding slivers to a knitting machine, in which the fibers of the starting material are broadened on their way from a creel to the laying device, ie in the "on-line process"
  • the fiber slivers of the starting material are individually removed from bobbins and on the way from the creel to the band-laying device at a distance from each other and gradually widened by means of heating and pressure rollers at the output
  • the device is arranged a heating channel with the final spreading unit. This heating channel is preceded by a tape storage.
  • the tape-laying device for storing the unidirectional layers is not further discussed in DE 10 2005 008 705 B3.
  • the intermittent and periodically fluctuating decrease of the spread bands by the band-laying device is compensated by the band memory controlled in the cycle of the band-laying device.
  • the slivers can be withdrawn from the spools at a constant speed.
  • the belt speed must constantly change in accordance with the operation of the band-laying device, and it also phases of stoppage are required. This requires, inter alia, an adjustment of the heating power in the heating channel and is contrary to the requirement for a uniform as possible installation.
  • the older, non-prepublished European patent application of the applicant with the number 07 01 1 718.9 relates to a method for applying a unidirectional fiber lay as well as a corresponding device and a multi-axial machine in which the creel together with the Sp Sonaggregat as a common structural unit in the manner is controlled controlled that the distance between the common structural unit and the laying device is selectively changed; In this case, the movement of the common structural unit takes place in accordance with the changing demand in the time unit of the laying device on the fiber bundle.
  • this older proposal it is achieved that the fibers of the starting material are not only withdrawn from the supply spools at a constant speed, but also pass through the spreader unit at a constant speed, which then also applies to the widened belts.
  • the proposal according to the application 07 011 718.9 is a further contribution to the ever-present goal of laying the unidirectional fiber layers as evenly as possible and thus to create a multi-axial filament fabric with a homogeneous structure.
  • the invention is likewise based on the object that in the method according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4, the unidirectional fiber layers are deposited evenly.
  • the first solution of the problem is based on the surprising finding that it is not necessary to give the fiber layer formed from the individual ribbons a transverse cohesion, which extends in summary over the entire layer width and also connects the individual bands together.
  • the techniques now available for the formation of the segments and their laying it is possible to lay the bands evenly in the side unconnected state parallel to each other lying evenly.
  • differences in length and in the mechanical longitudinal stress between the individual bands can be compensated during the installation.
  • the solution according to claim 4 is based on the recognition that the fibers which are important in practice, especially the carbon fibers, are only available in a commercial form in which they are provided with a size or another adhesive.
  • the effect of the size can be reduced by targeted action. So it is e.g. It is known to lower the adhesion between the filaments of a fiber by heating, thereby reducing the effect of the size.
  • targeted action on the size and a suitable guidance of the fibers in the spread area is achieved according to the second invention proposal, that although the broadening of the fibers is made into bands and stabilized, but that adjacent bands remain essentially unconnected laterally.
  • the claims 5 to 8 relate to the assignment of the spreading process to the inventive method. These can be carried out in the method of offline spreading, but also of online spreading.
  • offline spreading according to claim 5 the gripper must be operated with a defined slip of the bands, and the restoring force of the bands in the compensation of the different mechanical longitudinal stresses is applied by a clamping device, which is already present in the laying device.
  • the coils should be designed as disc coils. In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the strips already spread as an intermediate product are provided on at least one common bobbin of a disc coil, with several spread ribbons being wound up next to each other, but without connection to one another, ie without being connected.
  • the fibers of the starting material may be present on cheeses or on disc coils in the creel. In the arrangement on disc coils only one fiber should be wound on each disc coil.
  • the gripper must grasp the adjacent belts firmly, ie without any slippage, and guide them over the transport device.
  • the restoring force of the bands comes about in these cases by the coils of the creel and also by the spreader. Dienlich here is that the coils are usually equipped with drain brakes anyway.
  • the targeted action can be carried out before, during or after spreading, the process being conducted in such a way that the spreading process is successfully carried out and stabilized, but an adhesion effect is avoided laterally between the individual bands.
  • the targeted action may be mechanical, e.g. By rolling a lateral vibration is applied to the bands. A thermal action takes place by heating, but also a chemical treatment or an activating radiation is possible.
  • a cohesive is applied, which initially remains latent, but is thermally activated after the laying of the segments and the deposited fiber layers together.
  • the cohesion agent may e.g. be applied in the form of a powder before laying on the bevy of bands that together form a segment.
  • Activation can take place after all unidirectional fiber layers have been deposited, ie the multi-axial layer is finished.
  • the cohesion agent can also be activated occasionally during the laying process, if there is a risk that the support of the superimposed unidirectional layers on the transport device is not sufficient and thus the uniform storage is at risk.
  • the invention also relates to an undirectional fiber layer according to claim 23, which is useful in carrying out the method according to claim 1. Further developments of this unidirectional fiber layer are specified in claims 24 to 27. Claim 28 then sets forth a method of making such a unidirectional fiber sheet as an intermediate by winding a number of ribbons side by side on a disk bobbin, the bands each having transverse cohesion but being unconnected laterally.
  • Claims 29 and 30 relate to the corresponding unidirectional fiber layer which is useful in carrying out the method according to claim 4, as well as the corresponding method for producing this unidirectional fiber layer as an intermediate.
  • bobbin having a unidirectional fiber layer according to claim 31, while claims 32 to 35 relate to a multiaxial netting as can be made according to claim 1, optionally with one or more further developments according to the subclaims directed thereon.
  • claim 36 is directed to a composite part, i. directed to a fiber-reinforced component, which is produced by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 20.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically in two partial views 1 a and 1 b, as when spreading a fiber, the filaments in the flat shape of the band pass.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates in greatly simplified form three different phases in the interaction of the sizing with two filaments within a fiber during spreading.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram and illustrates in two partial views according to Figs. 3a and 3b based on a first embodiment, as thanks to the inventive method in the storage of a unidirectional fiber layer different mechanical stresses and lengths between the bands of a segment to be deposited can be compensated.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the advantages of the method according to the invention in a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 shows a possibility of how, in the course of broadening, a transverse cohesion can be given to the individual bands without transverse cohesion between the bands being achieved.
  • Fig. 6 shows various possibilities of how the station can be arranged to act on the fibers and / or bands, if measures for the application of transverse cohesion are not intended.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of a multiaxial machine in which the creel and spreading unit are arranged on a common carriage.
  • FIG. 8 shows a top view of the interior of the carriage according to FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates, in the context of a schematic diagram, the interaction of all functional parts of the multi-axial machine according to FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • Figure 10 shows the time the use of individual cheeses for the starting material and a disc coil with multiple bands, which are unconnected laterally, as a supply for the segments.
  • a cross-section through a single fiber is shown in the partial view a very schematically 1, which may be a carbon fiber.
  • the fiber for which the term thread, cable or filament cable is customary, is composed of a large number of filaments 2.
  • the range of interest here may be carbon fibers 1 with K numbers of 12 to 50 and more, ie carbon fibers of 12000 to 50,000 filaments 2 and more.
  • thin unidirectional yarn layers are produced by drawing the fibers 1 as a starting material according to the partial illustration a and broadening them into spreading devices.
  • the fibers of the starting material need not have a cross section in the form of a polygon or approximately circular cross section, as shown here.
  • the commercial form of sliver which already has a flattened cross-section of approximately rectangular shape, but for practical applications is still much too thick, so also has to be broadened.
  • a grammage of the widened band 3 and the unidirectional layer formed thereby is set to 300 g / m 2 and less.
  • a broadened fiber 1 would have a cross-section, as shown in the detail in the partial view b of FIG. 1.
  • the thickness of the band 3 would be about the Diameter of a single filament 2 correspond. In practice, it comes at most to an approximation to this condition.
  • the sizing 4 not only envelopes the fiber 1 from the outside, but also penetrates into the interior of the fiber 1, makes the filaments 2 smoother and holds the fiber 1 together by adhesion, which facilitates further textile processing .
  • the size 4 also protects against corrosion and abrasion, improves the adhesion to the matrix and protects against mechanical damage.
  • the adhesion effect of the size 4 is hindering the spreading of the fibers 1 of the starting material.
  • the thermal weakening of the adhesion is particularly well known in that the fibers are transported through a heating device in which the sizing also heats up and partially or completely loses its effect.
  • Mechanical action may be to vibrate the fibers transversely.
  • the chemical action is possible by a diluent or solvent in a certain concentration acts on the fibers and thus also on the sizing. In Fig. 2, the relationships are shown schematically.
  • Fig. 3 the relationships are shown in a first embodiment. It is assumed that the already widened bands 3a, 3b are obtained from a supplier and brought as an intermediate product to the location of the multi-axial machine. In operating jargon, this is referred to as "offline spreading."
  • the bands 3a, 3b are already formed by the method according to the invention, in that they have no noticeable adhesion or cohesion on the side, ie remain unconnected when juxtaposed
  • the bands 3a, 3b are provided on a common bobbin of a disc coil 12, wherein the bands 3a, 3b are unconnected laterally the representation of a Figure 10 shows a concrete spool 12 in concrete form, showing sprockets 17 for the starting material, the respective front end of which is pulled by a gripper 6 across the transport unit, transferred to the spreader clamp, from the remaining parallel fiber bundle separated and finally to d he attached transport device.
  • This type of laying can be done with intermittent or continuously moving transport device.
  • Fig. 3 shows only the parts necessary for understanding the principle.
  • 6 designates the gripper which pulls the segment 5 consisting of two bands 3a, 3b transversely across the transport device, not shown, which extends below the segment 5 and consists, for example, of two conveyor chains. The pulling direction is indicated by the directional arrow 7.
  • a clamping device 8 serves to hold the segment 5 until it is separated by means of the separator 9 from the parallel fiber bundle supplied.
  • the single segment 5 is present as an independent part and is stored by a Leger clamping device 16 on the transport device, not shown.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show the state of the segment 5 shortly before its laying by the Leger clamping device. According to Fig.
  • the segment 5 is not stored homogeneously; because the upwardly facing bulge 10 on the upper band 3a in the illustration indicates a difference in length and thus a different mechanical longitudinal stress in the segment 5.
  • the tapes 3a and 3b are not connected laterally because adhesion is not present and no measures are taken to achieve transverse cohesion between the tapes 3a and 3b.
  • the gripper 6 allows slippage of the bands 3a and 3b during the pulling movement.
  • By selective material selection in the bands 3a, 3b moving parts of the gripper 6 can be achieved that the gripper 6 on the one hand transmits a sufficient tensile force, but on the other hand, a visual lupf movement of the bands 3a, 3b in the gripper 6 allows in a targeted manner , An equalizing movement already occurs when the gripper 6 pulls the front ends of the bands 3a, 3b, which form the segment 5, across the transport device.
  • the decisive factor is that the gripper 6 at the conclusion of its installation movement, when the clamping device 8 is closed, once again performs a brief tensioning movement and thereby unifies the mechanical longitudinal stress of the bands 3a, 3b. This may be a very short movement in the millimeter range, which the gripper 6 performs once again with respect to the clamping device 8 at the cutting end of the segment 5. Immediately thereafter, the segment is transferred to the Leger clamping device.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out on multiaxial machines in which the fibers of the starting material are brought to the machine and spread on the machine itself.
  • This procedure is also referred to in business jargon as "online spreading.”
  • Stationarily arranged spreading units located between the creel and the laying device are customary, although a compensating loop for the fibers is provided at the exit of the creel that the widened bands are fed to the laying device at a periodically changing running speed
  • the restoring force of the belts which acts against the pulling force of the gripper, can not only be brought about in the case of on-line spreading, not only by the disk coils of the creel, but also by the spreading unit. This is all the more true since the bands anyway do not pass through the stationarily arranged spreading units at a constant speed, insofar as no fundamentally new disadvantage arises from the retroactive effect of the compensating movement. Under certain circumstances, the clamping device for the compensating movement, which is already present, can optionally also be used.
  • a further tightening and equalizing of the segments 5 can be carried out by a conveyor in the form of conveyor chains these diverge slightly at the inlet to the final connection station, including the located on the conveyor chains fasteners for the ends of the segments 5 also a slip of the bands 3a, 3b must allow.
  • the prerequisite is in any case that the individual bands within a segment 5 and thus also the segments 5 are largely free of adhesion and free of cohesion, ie laterally unconnected and can move against each other. This also applies if each band 3a, 3b has transverse cohesion per se.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic summary summarizing the details discussed so far and preparing the following illustrations.
  • a processing station is referred to, in which all the facilities required for spreading and further treating the fibers and / or bands are summarized.
  • the illustration shows a closed clamping device 8 and a gripper 6 in the end position. The voltage equalization has already taken place, the required restoring force to the gripper 6 through the coil of the bobbin crepe and / or a spreading device has taken place.
  • FIG. 5 shows a possibility of first widening the fibers 1a, 1b of the starting material together and then aftertreating them in pairs separately.
  • the fibers 1 a, 1 b already have the starting shape of a relatively thick band and are therefore drawn off from disk coils 12. With a starting form of fibers which have approximately circular cross-section, cheeses are the standard solution.
  • the fibers 1a, 1b are passed through the rollers 13 of a spreading unit and thereby undergo a widening to bands 3a, 3b.
  • the widened bands 3a, 3b are separated in pairs by further treating a first group 3a in a first higher level and a second group of bands 3b in a second, lower level.
  • the bands 3a, 3b in each floor are also laterally spaced from each other.
  • an influencing station is designated, with the targeted on the bands 3a of the upper floor is acted upon.
  • a corresponding processing station 15 may also be provided for the bands 3b of the lower floor.
  • the influence may be that the bands 3a, 3b are heated, whereby the effect of the size and the mutual adhesion of the filaments 2 in the bands 3a, 3b is reduced. In this way, the by spreading
  • the interference station 15 or a further adjunct station may serve to apply a transverse cohesive to each of the bands 3a, 3b separately.
  • the type of tape guide causes also in this case that after leaving the processing station 1 1, although each of the bands 3a, 3b in addition has a transverse cohesion, but that this transverse cohesion is not effective between the bands 3a, 3b.
  • a cohesive agent can be applied to the bands 3a, 3b, which initially remains latent but can be activated at a desired time when two unidirectional layers are deposited on one another.
  • the activation can be done for example by heat or irradiation.
  • FIG. 6 shows a procedure for the case in which the targeted influencing is also effective for adjacent bands 3a, 3b. If the effect of the sizing is so far weakened that the spreading effect is maintained and the adhesion between the filaments is reduced, so are also in this case before bands 3a, 3b, which can be shifted in the longitudinal direction to compensate for length and voltage differences against each other.
  • the influencing station 15 can be arranged in the running direction 7 of the bands 3 a, 3 b, exactly above or behind the rollers 13 of the spreading aggregate. It is always important to enable the spreading process by targeted action on the fibers 1a, 1b and / or bands 3a, 3b at all, but also to maintain the spreading result and to achieve that the spread bands 3a, 3b remain unconnected, too if they are parallel next to each other.
  • the inventive method can be carried out with particular advantage in such multi-axial machines in which the spreading unit is not arranged stationary, but is moved together with the creel as a common structural unit controlled.
  • this structural unit is carried out in accordance with the changing in unit time requirements of the laying device on tapes, in such a way that the fibers of the starting material are withdrawn at a constant speed of the bobbin creels and also go through the spreading unit at a constant speed.
  • Such a multi-axial machine and its procedure are shown in detail in the older, but not previously published European patent application of the applicant with the number 07 011 718.9 and described. It can be referred in this respect to this earlier application.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 For better understanding of the present application but the most important details of the earlier application are described below with reference to FIGS 7 to 9. In contrast to the preceding description with FIGS. 1 to 6, the reference numbers in FIGS. 7 to 9 begin with the number 21.
  • the reference numeral 21 designates a machine frame which can form a lateral attachment of a multi-axial machine, cf.
  • the machine frame 21 has a track in the form of guide rails 22.
  • the common structural unit in the form of a carriage 23 by means of rollers 24 is movable.
  • the carriage 23 carries a creel 25 and a spreading unit 26, which is designed as a continuous unit.
  • the creel 25 consists of a plurality of coils 27 on which individual fibers 28, for example carbon fibers or aramid fibers, are wound up as the coil material.
  • the individual fibers 28 are withdrawn via pulleys 29 of the coils 27 and guided by the spreading unit 26.
  • the coils 27 are equipped with braking devices to allow the tension in the stripped fibers 28 to be adjusted and controlled.
  • the pulleys 29, as well as any existing guide eyelets or similar guide members must have a smooth surfaces so that they do not damage the sensitive coil material.
  • the individual coils 27 and guide roller 29 are not only offset in height but also laterally, cf. the figure 8.
  • the fibers 28 may be widened by passing over rollers which vibrate or are heated in their axial direction.
  • the Handling with rotating, curved rollers for purposes of spreading or broadening is state of the art.
  • the different methods can also be used together.
  • the aim of this treatment is always to transform the thick individual fibers 28 of the starting material, especially carbon fibers, into flat bands 30 having a weight per unit area of at most 300 g / m 2 , which lie parallel next to one another.
  • the bands 30 are shown lying close together.
  • Figure 9 it is shown how arranged on a carriage 23 structural unit of creel 25 and spreading unit 26 of the multi-axial machine is spatially associated and cooperates with this.
  • the multi-axial machine only the two conventional conveyor chains 32a, b are indicated, the upper halves move in the transport device according to the directional arrows 38.
  • An arrow 39 indicates the laying direction of the belts 30 provided on the carriage 23.
  • the fiber bundle 30 provided by the carriage 23 is transferred to the conveyor chains 32a, b by means of a laying device 33. Their function is to take over a portion of the warp provided on the carriage 23 of the bands 30, to lead over the conveyor chains 32a, b, separate from the endless supply and finally pass to the fastening devices, which on the conveyor chains 32a, b are located.
  • the machine frame 21 for the carriage 23 in the laying direction 39 of the belts 30 is arranged laterally adjacent to the multi-axial machine. In other words, the carriage 23 with the creel 25 and the spreading unit 26 moves back and forth in a controlled manner in the laying direction 39 of the belts 30.
  • a laying device is already described and illustrated, with which a fiber bundle is provided by an endless supply, transferred in sections to be cut off via the conveyor chains 32a, b of a multiaxial machine and finally fastened in clamping devices, which themselves located on the conveyor chains.
  • Such a laying device can also be considered for the broadened bands 30 assumed in the present application with a basis weight of at most 300 g / m 2 .
  • Reference numeral 31 designates in FIG. 9 a releasable clamping device which serves as a holding and detecting device and holds the front free end of the belts 30 leaving the spreading unit 26 until it is guided over the conveyor chains 32a, b.
  • a gripper 35 which is driven along a guide track 34 transversely to the conveying direction 38 of the conveyor chains 32a, b reciprocatingly movable.
  • the guideway 34 therefore also runs in the laying direction 39 of the belts 30.
  • the gripper 35 takes over the free ends of the belts 30 and guides them across the conveyor chains 32a, b.
  • the band-shaped section of the fiber bundle 30 located above the two conveyor chains 32a, b is then separated from a separating device, not shown, which is located in the region of the clamping device 11, and thus becomes a separate segment 30a.
  • the newly formed free ends of the still on the carriage located bands 30 are then held by the clamping device 31 again.
  • the cut-to-length segment 30a located above the conveyor chains 32a, b is grasped at its two ends by a laying device 36, which likewise belongs to the laying device 33, which is driven to move back and forth in the direction of the conveyor chains 32a, b.
  • the leg clamp device 36 transfers the segment 30a to clamping devices, not shown, which are located on the conveyor chains 32a, b.
  • the segment 30a has thus finally become part of the laid unidirectional fiber layer 37.
  • FIG. 9 shows a movement phase in which the clamping device 31 is closed and although the gripper 35 has already grasped the free ends of the bands 30, it is still at rest.
  • the carriage 23, the clamping device 31, the gripper 35 and the Leger clamping device 36 intermittently work together, the carriage 23 by the length L ( Figure 9) in accordance with the movement of the gripper 35 is reciprocated.
  • the compensation of differences in the longitudinal tension of the bands 30 is also in the multi-axial machine according to the figures 7 to 9 in cooperation between the coils 27 of the creel 25, the spreading unit 26, the clamping device 31 and the gripper 35. If the gripper 35 his Transport- or laying stroke and pulls a group of belts 30 across the conveyor chains 32a, 32b, the restoring force of the belts 30 through the coils 27 and the spreading unit 26 is applied. The gripper 35 must in this case, the bands 30 clamped firmly, so grab and pull without any slippage. When the front end of the group of bands 30 is severed and the carriage 23 moves back, the storage end of the bands 30 in the clamping device 31 is held slip-free.
  • the carriage 23 exerts a pulling action on the newly arising stock end, wherein the required tensile force, which must act on the bands 30, comes about through the coils 27 and the spreading unit 26.
  • the result of the procedure according to FIGS. 7 to 9 is a very uniformly laid unidirectional layer 37. It is based on the following measures that the strips 30 combined into segments 30a are particularly flat and regularly adjacent to one another:
  • the fibers 28 of the starting material are withdrawn at a constant speed from the coils of the creel 25; the fibers 28 and belts 30 also pass through the spreading unit 26 at a constant speed; in the interaction of the gripper 6, 35 with the restoring force of the bands 3, 3 a, 3 b, 30 can be made a balance of voltage differences between the individual bands, and
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 are identical to FIGS. 1 to 6:
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 are identical to FIGS. 7 to 9:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, des améliorations sont apportées à un procédé connu issu de la technologie des fibres, selon lequel des fibres faites d'un grand nombre de filaments sont élargies pour donner des bandes (3a, 3b), mises côte à côte et transportées sous la forme de segments (5) coupés à la longueur par un élément de préhension (6) par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de transport, et fixées sur celui-ci au moyen d'un dispositif d'application-serrage (16). La direction de mouvement de l'élément de préhension (6) est décrite par (7) et le dispositif de séparation nécessaire est désigné par (9). L'invention se caractérise en ce que les bandes (3a, 3b) du segment (5) sont rassemblées en étant sensiblement non liées pour constituer le segment (5), et déposées. Le procédé de l'invention permet de supprimer les mesures destinées à assurer une cohésion transversale latéralement sur plusieurs bandes (3a, 3b). Dans tous les cas, une cohésion transversale peut s'exercer de l'extérieur par l'intermédiaire des filaments d'une bande (3a, 3b) individuelle. Cela permet aux bandes (3a, 3b) d'être déposées de manière particulièrement régulière et plane. Lors de l'application au moyen de l'élément de préhension (6), les différences de longueur et de tension entre les bandes individuelles (3a, 3b) qui pourraient être à l'origine par exemple de bombements (10), peuvent être compensées. L'application supplémentaire d'une secousse de courte durée sur le segment (5) transporté déjà presque en intégralité, est également possible. La force de retenue lors de la tension peut être appliquée par un dispositif de serrage (8) ou par freinage des bobines de stockage de la matière de départ. La représentation a montre l'état du segment avant le mouvement de compensation, la représentation b montre son état après le mouvement de compensation.
PCT/EP2009/057787 2008-06-23 2009-06-23 Procédé de réalisation d'une structure de fils multiaxiale, couches fibreuses unidirectionnelles et leur procédé de réalisation, structure de fils multiaxiale et pièce composite comprenant une matrice WO2009156385A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112009001101T DE112009001101A5 (de) 2008-06-23 2009-06-23 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines multiaxialen Fadengeleges, unidirektionale Faserlagen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, multiaxiales Fadengelege und Kompositteil mit einer Matrix
CN200980124012.2A CN102066638B (zh) 2008-06-23 2009-06-23 生产多轴向纱线织物的方法、单向纤维层以及生产单向纤维层的方法、多轴向纱线织物和具有基体的复合材料部件

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP08158757.8A EP2138615B1 (fr) 2008-06-23 2008-06-23 Procédé de fabrication d'une nappe multiaxiale, couches de fibres unidirectionnelles et leur procédé de fabrication, nappe multiaxiale et pièce composite dotée d'une matrice
EP08158757.8 2008-06-23

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WO2009156385A3 WO2009156385A3 (fr) 2010-05-06

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DE102011000722A1 (de) * 2011-02-14 2012-08-16 Universität Bremen Verfahren zum Herstellen von Faserhalbzeug
DE102013104609A1 (de) 2013-05-06 2014-11-06 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Nestingablage
DE102013112259A1 (de) 2013-11-07 2015-05-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faservorformlings
CN107523931A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2017-12-29 常州市宏发纵横新材料科技股份有限公司 碳玻一步混编织造工艺及装置
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CA2824216C (fr) 2011-01-12 2018-01-23 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Structures stratifiees composites et procedes de fabrication et d'utilisation associes
DE102011109698B4 (de) 2011-08-06 2016-02-11 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines harzimprägnierten Faserhalbzeugs
DE102013216835B4 (de) * 2013-08-23 2017-01-05 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteils
DE102013221174B4 (de) * 2013-10-18 2017-02-09 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren zur Herstellung eines zwei- oder mehrlagigen multiaxialen Geleges sowie ein entsprechendes Gelege und dessen Verwendung
CN103820941B (zh) * 2013-12-13 2016-01-13 常州市宏发纵横新材料科技股份有限公司 大丝束碳纤维双轴向织物生产设备
CN103789921B (zh) * 2013-12-13 2015-09-30 常州市宏发纵横新材料科技股份有限公司 大丝束碳纤维双轴向织物生产方法
DE102014222667A1 (de) 2014-11-06 2016-05-12 Audi Ag Spreizvorrichtung für Rovings
EP3072657B1 (fr) 2015-03-25 2017-08-30 Compositence GmbH Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un semi-produit en fibres
CN105691722B (zh) * 2016-04-08 2019-03-19 江苏元泰智能科技股份有限公司 进料机构
CN105752375B (zh) * 2016-04-08 2019-04-05 江苏元泰智能科技股份有限公司 进料方法
JP7082217B2 (ja) 2018-03-06 2022-06-07 アーライト、インコーポレイテッド． 繊維強化複合材料並びに同繊維強化複合材料の形成方法及び使用方法
DE102018119368A1 (de) 2018-08-09 2020-02-13 Audi Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserstacks
CN114229537A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-25 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 一种能自动纠偏的单向布条带放卷设备及其工作方法
CN114212576A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-22 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 一种能自动纠偏的单向布条带放卷设备及其工作方法
CN114249155A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-29 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 一种能自动纠偏的单向布条带放卷设备及其工作方法
CN114575011B (zh) * 2022-02-15 2023-12-19 威海光威精密机械有限公司 一种单向纤维展平和单丝张力同步装置及方法

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DE102013104609A1 (de) 2013-05-06 2014-11-06 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Nestingablage
DE102013104609B4 (de) * 2013-05-06 2016-10-20 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Nestingablage
DE102013112259A1 (de) 2013-11-07 2015-05-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faservorformlings
EP2871273A1 (fr) 2013-11-07 2015-05-13 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Procédé de fabrication d'une ébauche en fibre
CN107523931A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2017-12-29 常州市宏发纵横新材料科技股份有限公司 碳玻一步混编织造工艺及装置
US11641779B2 (en) 2017-11-02 2023-05-02 Infineon Technologies Ag Thermoelectric devices and methods for forming thermoelectric devices

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EP2138615B1 (fr) 2013-04-24
CN102066638B (zh) 2013-12-25
EP2138615A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
CN102066638A (zh) 2011-05-18
DE112009001101A5 (de) 2011-04-07
WO2009156385A3 (fr) 2010-05-06

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