WO2009155716A1 - Optischer interferometrischer drucksensor - Google Patents
Optischer interferometrischer drucksensor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009155716A1 WO2009155716A1 PCT/CH2009/000186 CH2009000186W WO2009155716A1 WO 2009155716 A1 WO2009155716 A1 WO 2009155716A1 CH 2009000186 W CH2009000186 W CH 2009000186W WO 2009155716 A1 WO2009155716 A1 WO 2009155716A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- housing body
- measuring cell
- fiber
- sealing means
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/0041—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms
- G01L9/0076—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms using photoelectric means
- G01L9/0077—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms using photoelectric means for measuring reflected light
- G01L9/0079—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms using photoelectric means for measuring reflected light with Fabry-Perot arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/005—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of glass or ceramic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
- C04B2237/06—Oxidic interlayers
- C04B2237/064—Oxidic interlayers based on alumina or aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/10—Glass interlayers, e.g. frit or flux
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/34—Oxidic
- C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
- C04B2237/704—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the ceramic layers or articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/74—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two different interlayers separated by a substrate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49764—Method of mechanical manufacture with testing or indicating
- Y10T29/49771—Quantitative measuring or gauging
- Y10T29/49776—Pressure, force, or weight determining
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical membrane pressure measuring cell according to the features of patent claim 1 and to a method for producing a membrane pressure measuring cell according to the features of patent claim 18.
- a known and suitable method to measure the deflection of such membranes is that the membrane assembly is designed as a variable electrical capacitance, which is evaluated via a measuring electronics in a known manner, the capacitance change, which correlates with the pressure change.
- the capacitance is formed by arranging the thin, flexible membrane surface at a small distance from another surface and coating both opposing surfaces with an electrically conductive coating or from electrically conductive material. When pressure is applied to the diaphragm, the deflection changes the distance between the two electrodes, which leads to an evaluable capacitance change of the arrangement. Sensors of this type are produced in large numbers from silicon.
- Both the flat base body and the membrane often consist completely of silicon material.
- materials composition z As silicon together with a glass substrate.
- Such sensors can be produced very inexpensively.
- pressure sensors of this type can generally only be used for higher pressure ranges in the range of approximately 10 -1 mbar to a few bar.
- High resolution at lower pressures above 10 " mbar is no longer possible with the material silicon, which is due to the fact that the silicon on the surface reacts with the environment and thus disturbs the sensitive sensor characteristics atmospheric air leads to corresponding reactions on the surfaces
- the problem is further exacerbated when the sensor in chemically aggressive atmospheres and especially at higher temperatures, as used at several hundred degrees Celsius. It was therefore attempted to protect such silicon sensors by passivating the surfaces against aggressive external influences.
- This capacitive vacuum cell (CDG: Capacitive Diaphragm Gauge) is made entirely of a ceramic, in particular Al2O3. This achieves very high corrosion resistance and long-lasting reproducibility. Only in areas where sealing is required or where feedthroughs are intended will materials other than Al2O3 be provided in small quantities, unless the AI2O3 is welded without adding foreign material.
- the cell consists of a first plate-shaped housing body, over which a membrane is sealingly arranged in the edge region, so that it encloses a reference vacuum space. On the side facing away from the reference vacuum space, a second housing body is likewise arranged so as to be sealingly closed at the edge area, so that a measuring vacuum space is formed there.
- This measuring vacuum chamber is provided with a connection for the supply of the medium to be measured.
- the surfaces of the first housing body and the membrane, which form the reference vacuum space, are electrically conductive coated, for example with gold, and form the Electrodes of the capacitance measuring cell.
- the electrodes in turn are led out, for example through the first housing body or through the sealing area in the edge zone.
- the substantially parallel electrode surfaces have a spacing in the range of 2 microns to 50 microns.
- the sealing of the membrane in the edge region relative to the two housings is preferably carried out by welding, for example by laser welding. Very suitable and easy to use but is also a glass solder, which is also resistant to corrosion. Another possibility of the sealing connection is also to diffusively connect housing parts, for example in the green body stage, when it comes to completely avoid Al2 ⁇ 3-foreign material.
- the arrangement of the measuring cell essentially allows a symmetrical, preferably disk-shaped, construction which avoids any tension in the housing. This is particularly important in order to achieve a high measuring sensitivity and to realize low measuring pressures with high accuracy and reproducibility.
- This also makes it possible to use a very thin membrane made of ceramic, which is mandatory if the measuring cell reliably to detect lower vacuum pressures than 100 mbar, and especially lower than 10 mbar, with capacitive all-ceramic measuring cells.
- membrane thicknesses of 10 .mu.m to 250 .mu.m are necessary, with membrane thicknesses of 10 .mu.m to 120 .mu.m being preferred in order to achieve a very good resolution.
- Typical membrane thickness ranges are, for example:
- membrane thickness 760 ⁇ m + 10 ⁇ m
- Membrane thickness 150 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m at 1 Torr: membrane thickness: 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m at 0.1 Torr: membrane thickness: 60 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m at 0, 01 Torr: membrane thickness: 40 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m
- a sensor for measuring high pressures for example, up to 1000 bar and at high temperatures of several 100 0 C, for corrosive liquids such as in liquid and gas applications.
- An example of such liquid and gas applications are corrosion resistant pressure and vacuum sensors in oil well or drilling applications.
- the membrane thickness may be more than 760 microns, z. B. up to several millimeters.
- the known vacuum measuring cells with capacitive membrane work with temperatures of maximum 200 ° C.
- Such a vacuum measuring cell has a first housing body and a membrane, each made of Al 2 O 3 ceramic or sapphire.
- the membrane is planar vacuum sealed via its outer edge, connected via a first seal with the first housing body to form a reference vacuum chamber.
- a second housing body, consisting of A ⁇ Oa ceramic or sapphire and arranged opposite the membrane is, with this also via the outer edge and vacuum-tight, connected via a second seal and forms together with the membrane a measuring vacuum chamber.
- a nozzle connects the vacuum measuring cell with a medium to be measured. At least in the central region of the first housing body, a transparent optical window is formed, and at least the central portion of the diaphragm has a reflective optical surface.
- an optical fiber is disposed opposite the window and spaced therefrom to supply light to and from the membrane surface.
- a pressure difference between the two different sides of the elastic membrane causes the bending of the membrane, which changes the length of the optical cavity accordingly.
- Light is focused through the sapphire housing or window onto the semireflecting membrane surface from where it is collected and analyzed using one of several available methods (e.g., after passing through multiple reflections between the two mirrors and thus being exposed to interference phenomena associated therewith)
- the cell assembly is thus part of a Fabry-Perot interferometer detection or analysis arrangement.
- the thickness of the membrane along with its free diameter and the desired maximum bend define the usable pressure range.
- the membrane diameter may be 11 mm, for example, and its thickness may be 300 ⁇ m.
- Preferred ranges for the membrane diameter are 5.0 mm to 80 mm, preferably 5.0 mm to 40 mm, and the membrane thickness is in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm, preferably in a range of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, in particular for vacuum applications, and preferably in a range of 600 ⁇ m to 9 mm for high pressure applications.
- the above-described sensor cell has a single-crystal sapphire window or a single crystal sapphire body with a sapphire membrane to enable external optical read-out, e.g. B. to allow by means of a ball lens.
- An optical Fiber can then be used to transmit the signal from the site to a readout unit.
- a disadvantage of using pure sapphire in the sensor cell is its price - machined single crystal sapphire is very expensive.
- the combination of sapphire and ceramic Al 2 O 3 introduces a low thermal coefficient of expansion (CTE ) mismatch which, for example, can cause temperature drift behavior problems. Reducing this effect requires proper crystal alignment, which is a costly and time-consuming process.
- external optics such as B. ball lenses used to focus the light on the membrane. Due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials used, there is the possibility of displacement of the measuring point on the membrane or tilting of the light beam. As a result, the system can show unstable behavior. In addition, a large number of components are required, making the manufacture of such a sensor cell expensive.
- An object of the present invention is to obviate the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art interferometric diaphragm pressure cell.
- An object of the invention is to provide an optical fiber diaphragm pressure measuring cell with high accuracy and high stability that is reliable and that can be produced economically.
- the sensor according to the invention which can measure high pressures at high temperatures, is based on the US Pat. No. 7,305,888 B2 to Wälchli et al. described structure of the optical membrane measuring cell.
- the optical membrane measuring cell sensor ODG sensor: optical diaphragm gauge sensor
- ODG sensor optical diaphragm gauge sensor
- an optical fiber is directly connected to the first housing body.
- the connection of the fiber with the ceramic materials, the ceramic-ceramic compounds and the formation of a suitable Fabry-Perot cavity are carried out via special vacuum-tight adhesive processes.
- the movement of a pressure-indicating membrane is measured by white light or short-coherence interferometry (VVLI: White Light Interferometry).
- the pressure measuring cell comprises: a first housing body made of ceramic material; a diaphragm made of ceramic material and disposed in the vicinity of the first housing body, the diaphragm being substantially planar and having an outer edge, the outer edge of the diaphragm being connected to the first housing body by a first sealing means, preferably vacuum-tight a reference pressure chamber is generated between the first housing body and the diaphragm, the diaphragm having first and second opposing surfaces, the first surface of the diaphragm facing the first housing body, and the first housing body having a surface facing the diaphragm; a second made of ceramic material and arranged opposite the diaphragm housing body, wherein the second housing body is connected by a second sealing means, preferably vacuum-tight, with the outer edge of the membrane, wherein the second housing body together with the membrane forms a pressure measuring chamber, wherein the second housing body a nozzle for connecting the pressure measuring cell with a medium to be measured; wherein the first housing body, the second housing body
- Membrane are tightly connected to each other at the outer edge of the membrane and formed a hole at least in the central region of the first housing body is, which extends through the first housing body, and wherein at least in the central portion of the membrane and the hole opposite the surface of the membrane is formed as a first optically reflective surface; and wherein in the hole of the first housing body an optical fiber is arranged, which is fastened with fiber sealing means tightly in the hole to conduct light on the membrane surface and thereof, wherein the end of the fiber preferably reaches at least the surface of the first housing body and this fiber end as the second optical reflective surface for the optical
- Detection device is.
- a high temperature optical fiber made e.g. As quartz glass or sapphire and with a protective layer such.
- B. gold or copper is connected by means of glass solder or Keramikklebesch with a sleeve (preferably made of Al 2 O 3 ) or directly with a hole in the ceramic body of the sensor cell so that the fiber end extends through the structure. If a sleeve is used, it will be similarly connected to a hole in the ceramic body after the fiber connection. After curing of the ceramic adhesive or the glass solder joint, the fiber end is ground and / or polished to form the other partially reflecting mirror of the optical cavity to be measured. This polished fiber end may be present without an optical coating or coated, preferably with a single layer of a dielectric material such. B. Ta 2 Os to improve the optical reflectivity.
- the required hole in the ceramic material can be formed by mechanical drilling, laser drilling or ultrasonic drilling, or it can be during the Casting phase of the ceramic body are formed.
- a directly coupled arrangement is mechanically very stable compared to an arrangement with external optics and is subject to lower temperature-dependent deformation distortions compared to the external optics.
- a reduction of the total number of parts leads to a cost reduction.
- the ODG manufacturing costs are comparable to those for a CDG, and the performance is better in terms of linearity, repeatability, and relative resolution.
- a large numerical aperture resulting from the physical fiber properties reduces the requirements for the parallelism of the partially reflecting or reflecting mirror surfaces of the optical cavity without occupying more space for external optics, but at the same time the largest measurable distance is about 100-200 ⁇ m at a practical minimum value of about 5 ⁇ m because of the analysis limitations of the WLI method.
- the glass solder begins to soften and, if the sensor is subjected to a non-symmetric force, the membrane position may begin to change. This problem is solved by a solution in which the glass solder is replaced by an adhesive which withstands temperatures of up to 600 ° C. or even 1000 ° C.
- the compounds may preferably additionally be sealed along with standard high-temperature glass solder along the outer side walls of the sensor cell and preferably also outside the ceramic body along the sealing means of the fiber.
- An important feature of the invention is the formation of a mirror on the
- a smooth optical surface By screen-printing a small area of glass solder (diameter eg 1-3 mm) in the middle of the membrane, a smooth optical surface can be produced.
- the glass solder is first sintered and then fired at about 750-800 0 C. In liquid form, the glass solder tilts to automatically form an extended point with a flat surface, and re-cooling to form a solid mirror changes the surface only slightly.
- the resulting mirror thickness is preferably between 1-6 ⁇ m.
- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements show that the mirror surface is indeed smooth and has an average roughness of 5-10 nm. If the further improvement of the quality of the mirror surface is desired, this glazed plate can now also be easily polished.
- An optical coating for improving the reflectivity may be applied, but is not essential.
- PVD Physical Vapor Deposition
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- the temperature of the sensor cell can be determined by measuring the sensor cell Mirror thickness are measured (by reaction not to pressure, but only on temperature). At the same time, the pressure-indicating change in the distance of the optical cavity is measured. In the case of a mirror with a thickness of 17 ⁇ m and a resolution of the distance measurement of 0.1 nm, the temperature resolution obtained is, for example, approximately 0.4 ° C. Such a sensor could be optimized as the sole temperature sensor.
- the preparation of a mirror from glass solder results in a reflection on the surface of only about 7% (approximately the same as in the case of the fiber).
- the surface of the mirror may be optically coated (preferably with a single layer of dielectric material such as TaaOs) to enhance reflection.
- ODG ceramic optical sensor cell
- fiber attachment and brazing techniques also work with sensors made from sapphire components.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic cross section of an optical membrane measuring cell according to the invention with a fiber completely mounted in a hole of the first housing body of the cell.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic cross section of an optical diaphragm measuring cell according to Fig. 1, wherein a protective seal covers the sealing points on the outer edge of the membrane and the sealing points of the fiber.
- the preferred arrangement according to the invention of an ODG measuring cell (optical membrane measuring cell) made of Al 2 O 3 with a substantially symmetrical structure around the membrane 2 is represented by the cross section shown in FIG.
- the first housing body 1 consists of a ceramic plate made of Al 2 O 3 , which is sealingly and sealingly connected at a distance of 5 microns to 80 microns relative to the ceramic membrane 2 along its edges and which encloses a reference pressure chamber 25, which is preferably a vacuum chamber.
- the distance between the two surfaces is normally set directly during the assembly by means of the sealing material 3, 3 'as a sealing means, preferably vacuum-tight, which is arranged between the diaphragm edge and the housing. In this way, a completely flat housing plate 1 can be used.
- a measuring pressure chamber 26 is formed by means of a second housing body 4 on the opposite side of the membrane. This pressure chamber is accessible via a connecting piece 5 through an opening in the second housing body 4 for the media to be measured.
- the cell assembly is particularly suitable for measuring gas media at high pressure and especially for vacuum.
- This seal is for example and preferably a glass solder, which is easy to handle and can be applied for example by screen printing.
- the melting or sintering temperature of this glass solder is preferably in the range of 630 0 C to 800 0 C, and the use temperature is preferably in the range of 150 0 C to 630 0 C.
- the distance 30 of the membrane 2 to the first housing body first about 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and particularly preferred is a range of 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the first housing body 1 has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm; the second housing body 4 is for example in the same thickness range.
- the first housing body 1 and the second housing body 4 must be made of materials with similar expansion coefficients as that of the membrane material used. Very suitable combinations consist of highly pure alumina ceramic (purity> 96%, preferably> 99.5%), sapphal ceramic (alumina with a purity over 99.9%) and sapphire (monocrystalline high-purity alumina, synthetic corundum).
- the second housing body 4 is provided in the inner region, as shown in Fig. 1, with an example, about 0.5 mm deep recess to enlarge the measuring pressure chamber 26.
- a first optically reflective surface is formed, preferably at least in the central region of the membrane 2. This surface may be formed as a coating with a reflective film forming a mirror layer 10.
- FIG. 9 of this reference both basic possibilities are shown schematically.
- Either a substantially metallic or a dielectric system is chosen.
- the metallic coatings can be protected by dielectric layers for easier further processing.
- a metallic mirror is preferably designed as a fully reflecting film.
- This film 10 may for example be painted, printed, sprayed or applied by a vacuum process.
- this film consists mainly of gold and is applied by printing, and its thickness is in a range of 0.1 microns 1, 0 microns.
- a Glaslotddling and it istbumble at high temperature, for example in a range from 700 0 C to 800 0 C, to produce a glazed surface as a reflecting surface 10 forming the desired mirror .
- This concept of forming a mirror through a glass point is particularly advantageous because the mirror is easy to produce and withstands high temperatures without resulting in a deterioration of the high necessary reflectivity quality exhibited by the thus-formed mirror surface.
- a pumping line 14 leads through the first housing body 1 and connects the reference vacuum chamber 25 with the getter chamber 13, in which a getter element, not shown in FIG. 1, is arranged.
- the getter chamber 13 is closed, for example, with a cover 8 which is closed by means of a sealing material 9 ', preferably vacuum-tight, such as with fired glass solder.
- the chamber can also be sealed with sealing means 9, preferably vacuum-tight, such as with burned Glass solder to be attached to the first housing body 1.
- An optical fiber 15 is disposed at least in the central region of the first case body 1 and passes through the case body 1 so that the end of the fiber reaches the reference pressure chamber 25.
- a mounting hole 7 is formed in the housing body, which leads through the first housing body 1, opposite the diaphragm 2 where at least in the central region, the surface 10 of this membrane 2 is formed as a first optically reflective surface 10.
- the optical fiber 15 is arranged in the bore 7 of the first housing body 1 and fastened tightly in the bore 7 with fiber-sealing means 6.
- the fiber 15 guides light onto and away from the surface 10 of the membrane 2 with the end of the fiber 15 reaching at least the surface of the first housing body 1 and the fiber end 16 as the second optically reflective surface 16 for optical connection to the surface 10 of the membrane 2 is formed so that in the arrangement between the fiber end 16 and the reflecting surface 10 of the diaphragm 2 there is an optical cavity 30 (cavity) forming a measuring area for determining the extent of deformation of the diaphragm 2 and the part of a Fabry-Perot interferometer - Evaluation arrangement is.
- Housing Body 1 This distance must be large enough so that it is possible to grind and / or polish the fiber end so that a flat straight surface can be achieved over the entire diameter of the fiber 15 forming the second optically reflective surface 16 , This surface acts as a semitransparent mirror.
- the fiber 15 is polished down to the same level of the inner surface of the first case body 1.
- the distance between the second reflecting surface 16 of the fiber end 15 and the first reflecting surface on the membrane is in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m including the cavity 30.
- This arrangement allows the coupling of the Fabry-Perot interferometer to the reflecting surface of the movable diaphragm to measure the deformation of the diaphragm 2 depending on the pressure to be measured.
- the incoming light is coupled to the measuring cell by at least one optical fiber 15, and the resulting reflected optical signal is detected by at least one fiber 15.
- sapphire As the first case body 1. However, this material is more expensive than Al 2 O 3 ceramics.
- the position of the fiber 15 is already predetermined with respect to the first reflective surface 10 on the membrane 2. It is important that the planar end surface 16 of the fiber 15 be aligned with high precision parallel to the first reflective surface 10 on the membrane. The tilt angle of the deviation from the parallelism must not exceed 1, 0 mrad.
- sealing means 3, 3 '6, preferably vacuum-tight, for the assembly of the membrane 2 and the housing body 1, 4 and for the assembly of the fiber 15 different glass solder is very suitable.
- Application temperature at which the measuring cell is to be operated different types can be selected.
- a preferred operating range of the cell is above 150 ° C and up to 350 0 C.
- a further preferred range is from 150 0 C to 600 0 C.
- Ceramic adhesive that resists temperatures of at least up to 650 ° C, or preferably at least up to 600 0 C.
- Ceramic adhesives are made, for example, by Aremco Products, Inc., Valley Cottage, NY 10989, USA.
- Another suitable method of bonding and sealing the membrane 2 to the housing bodies is aluminum bonding, wherein a small piece of aluminum film or sheet is compressed between the parts at elevated temperature so that diffusion occurs and the aluminum oxidizes to alumina.
- an additional protective seal can be provided in order to cover the sealing means as shown in FIG. 2 on its surface outside the measuring cell.
- a glass solder may be provided which forms a glazed protective seal 11, 12 after baking the paste. It may either cover the sealing means 6 of the fiber or the sealing means 3, 3 'at the outer edge of the membrane 2 connected to the housing bodies 1, 4, or it may be applied to both sealant arrangements.
- the protective gasket 11, 12 is preferably used when a ceramic adhesive is used as the sealing means 3, 3 ', 6.
- These additional protective seals 11, 12 are preferably used for the application of vacuum measuring sensor cells.
- the measuring cell according to the invention can be completely surrounded by a heating device. With this heater, the cell can be heated in particular in the measurement of vacuum pressure in vacuum processes on the condensation temperature of the substances involved in the process to be measured. The temperature of the cell is in this case preferably at least 10 ° C above the condensation temperature.
- Temperature values are in the range of from 100 0 C to 600 ° C. Chemical substances used in such processes are often very aggressive, and heating is an effective way to keep them away from sensitive parts of the measuring cell. These measures ensure that the measuring cell with high accuracy and high reproducibility during a long time Time works reliably with the processes performed.
- a preferred embodiment of such a measuring cell comprises: a first housing body 1 made of ceramic material; one made of ceramic material and near the first one
- Housing 1 arranged membrane 2, wherein the membrane is substantially planar and has an outer edge, wherein the outer edge of the membrane 2 is connected by a first sealant 3 with the first housing body 1, so that a reference pressure chamber between the first housing body 1 and the membrane 2 generates wherein the membrane has first and second opposing surfaces, the first surface of the diaphragm 2 facing the first housing body 1 and the first housing body 1 having a surface opposite to the diaphragm 2; a second housing body 4 made of ceramic material and opposite the diaphragm 2, wherein the second housing body
- Membrane 2 at the outer edge of the membrane 2 are tightly interconnected and at least in the central region of the first housing body 1, a hole 7 is formed, which extends through the first housing body 1, and wherein at least in the central portion of the membrane 2 and the hole 7 opposite the surface 10 of the membrane 2 is formed as the first optically reflective surface 10; and wherein in the hole 7 of the first housing body 1, an optical fiber 15 is arranged, which is fastened with fiber sealing means 6 tightly in the hole 7 to guide light on the surface 10 of the membrane 2 and thereof, wherein the end of the fiber 15 is preferably at least the surface of the first housing body 1 is reached and this fiber end 16 is formed as a second optically reflective surface 16 for the optical connection with the surface 10 of the membrane 2, so that in the arrangement between the fiber end 16 and the reflecting surface 10 of the membrane 2, an optical cavity 30 is present, which is a measuring section for Determining the deformation of the membrane 2 forms and is the part of a Fabry-Perot interferometer detection device.
- At least one component of the housing body 1, 4 and / or the membrane 2 is at least partially made of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). In some cases, it is advantageous if at least one component of the housing body 1, 4 and / or the membrane 2 is at least partially made of sapphire type aluminum oxide ceramic (Al 2 O 3 ). In some cases, it is further advantageous if only the membrane 2 is made of alumina ceramic (Al 2 O 3) which is at least partially of the sapphire type.
- a through-hole 7 with a diameter of, for example, 300 ⁇ m is preferably drilled into a flat disk-shaped Al 2 O 3 housing body 1 using a pulsed high-power CO 2 laser. 2.
- High temperature Glasrpaste 6 is placed in the hole 7 so that it is completely filled.
- the fiber 15 preferably extends beyond the surface of the housing side opposite to the side of the fiber introduction.
- the housing / fiber combination is fired / baked in an oven with typical firing temperatures between 700 ° C and 800 0 C and connected together. This creates a solid connection of the fiber with the housing, wherein the compound is simultaneously helium-tight.
- the fiber is polished down together with the cured glaze 6 to the level of the front surface side of the housing 1, whereby at the fiber end a surface 16 is formed in optical quality.
- the fiber end 16 may be optically coated with a single-layer dielectric (eg, Ta 2 ⁇ s) or with dielectric multilayers or a semitransparent metal coating, e.g. Using PVD / CVD thin film application methods.
- a single-layer dielectric e.g. Ta 2 ⁇ s
- dielectric multilayers e.g. Using PVD / CVD thin film application methods.
- High-temperature glass paste 10 is applied, for example by screen printing on a ceramic A ⁇ Oa membrane 2, preferably in the central region to produce an enlarged glazed point with 1, 0 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m thickness and a low-reflection mirror 10th with a thickness of, for example, 1 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m to produce.
- the membrane with the high-temperature glass solder 10 is fired / baked in a separate step to produce a low-reflection mirror 10 having a thickness of, for example, 1.0 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m.
- the mirror surface 10 can be polished as long as the membrane 2 is thick enough to act as a rigid substrate.
- the fiber end 16 and / or the mirror surface 10 can be optically coated, for example, with a dielectric single-layer or with dielectric multilayers or a semitransparent metal coating.
- the different parts are assembled and fired in a vacuum furnace at a temperature which is lower than the melting temperature of the high-temperature glaze, ie typically at 550 0 C to 650 0 C, so this does not affect the mirror 10 nor the fiber assembly.
- 6 Medium temperature glass paste is added at the edge of the housing and / or the membrane 2, and in their use on the AI 2 O 3 , the getter chamber parts 13, 8, 9 applied, for example by screen printing, for attachment and closing the getter chamber 13.
- low temperature glass paste 9 ' is added to the getter chamber parts, for example, by screen printing.
- a standard CDG pump down process is performed on the ODG sensor.
- the welding of the suitable metal line as a connecting piece 5 is carried out in a conventional manner.
- the assembly of the surrounding sensor structure such as.
- the placement of the sensor in an insulated and heated enclosure such as.
- a standard port for the fiber may be provided with conventionally known FC / PC or SC / PC ports.
- a through-hole 7 with a diameter of, for example, 300 ⁇ m is preferably drilled into a flat disk-shaped Al 2 O 3 housing body 1 using a pulsed high-power CO 2 laser.
- the fiber 15 preferably extends beyond the surface of the housing side opposite to the side of the fiber introduction.
- the ceramic adhesive is cured according to its specifications, for. B. at 93 0 C, 260 0 C and 372 0 C.
- High-temperature glass paste 11 is added to the back of the housing to seal the ceramic joint 6.
- the glass paste 11 is burned / baked in an oven with typical firing temperatures between 700 0 C and 800 0 C. This creates a solid connection of the fiber 15 to the first housing body 1, wherein the
- the fiber 15, together with the cured ceramic adhesive is polished down to the level of the front, resulting in a surface of optical quality at the fiber end.
- High-temperature glass paste 10 is applied, for example by screen printing on a ceramic Al 2 ⁇ 3 membrane 2, preferably in the central region to produce an enlarged glazed point and a low-reflection mirror 10 with a thickness of, for example, 1, 0 to produce ⁇ m to 6 microns.
- the mirror surface 10 can be polished as long as the membrane 2 is thick enough to act as a rigid substrate.
- the fiber end 16 and / or the mirror surface 10 may be optically coated, for example, with a dielectric single-layer or multi-layer coating or a semi-transparent metal coating.
- An annular region of ceramic adhesive is added to the housings and / or to the membrane 2.
- Medium temperature glass paste 12 is added outside the housings 1, 4 at the joints to cover and seal the ceramic joints 3, 3 '.
- Low temperature glass paste 9, 9 ' is added to the getter chamber parts, for example, by screen printing.
- the glass paste is baked / fried at a temperature which is lower than the melting temperature of the glaze high temperature, that is typically at 550 0 C to 650 ° C so that this affects neither the mirror nor the fiber assembly.
- the assembly of the surrounding sensor structure such as.
- the placement of the sensor in an insulated and heated enclosure such as.
- a standard port for the fiber can be provided with conventionally known FC / PC or SC / PC ports.
- a through-hole 7 with a diameter of, for example, 300 ⁇ m is preferably drilled into a flat disc-shaped first Al 2 O 3 housing body 1 using a pulsed high-power CO 2 laser. 2.
- Ultra high temperature glass paste 6 is placed in the bore 7 so that it is completely filled.
- a suitable length of an optical fiber 15, z. B. about 10 cm sapphire optical fiber is separated and introduced through the hole 7. The fiber extends beyond the surface of the housing side, which is the
- the housing / fiber combination is burned / baked in a furnace with typical firing temperatures around 1300 0 C and interconnected. This creates a solid connection of the fiber 15 to the first housing body 1, the connection being helium-tight at the same time.
- the fiber 15 is polished down together with the cured glaze to the level of the front, whereby at the fiber end a surface 16 is produced in optical quality.
- the fiber end 16 may, for. Using PVD / CVD coating methods for thin films, with a dielectric
- Single layer eg Ta2 ⁇ s
- optically coated with dielectric multilayers or a semitransparent metal coating e.g Ta2 ⁇ s
- Ultra-high temperature glass paste is applied for example by screen printing on a ceramic Al 2 O 3 membrane 2, preferably in the central
- the mirror surface 10 can be polished as long as the membrane 2 is thick enough to act as a rigid substrate.
- the fiber end 16 and / or the mirror surface 10 may be optically coated, for example, with a dielectric single-layer or dielectric multiple layers or a semitransparent metal coating.
- Ultra-high temperature glass paste is added at the edge of the housing and / or the membrane 2 and, when used on the AI2O 3 , the getter chamber parts 13, 8, 9 applied, for example by screen printing, for attaching and closing the getter - Chamber 13. 11.
- the different parts are assembled and fired at about 1300 0 C. Due to the low viscosity of the glaze material, the already polished fiber 15 does not move substantially from its original position during the process.
- low temperature glass paste 9, 9 1 is added to the getter chamber parts, for example, by screen printing.
- the assembly of the surrounding sensor structure such as.
- the placement of the sensor in an insulated and heated enclosure such as.
- This includes a small bore in the insulation and the wall of the cladding for the transmission of the optical fiber.
- a standard port for the fiber can be provided with conventionally known FC / PC or SC / PC ports.
- Sheath diameter 125 ⁇ m ⁇ 3 ⁇ m
- Coating and outer diameter Gold 155 ⁇ m, + 15 ⁇ m
- Suitable thickness of the active surface for screen printing (unpolished): 1, 0 ⁇ m - 10.0 ⁇ m • Glass type: HIGH temperature (700 0 C to 800 0 C)
- Optimum reflectance With identical reflectivities of the fiber end 16 and the glass point 10 of about 30% (achieved by adding an additional coating)
- the maximum tilt angle must not exceed 1 mrad
- the maximum tilt angle must not exceed 2 mrad
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112009001192T DE112009001192A5 (de) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-03 | Optischer interferometrischer Drucksensor |
JP2011515043A JP5586595B2 (ja) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-03 | 光学干渉方式の圧力センサ |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/163,303 US7707891B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2008-06-27 | Optical interferometric pressure sensor |
US12/163,303 | 2008-06-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009155716A1 true WO2009155716A1 (de) | 2009-12-30 |
Family
ID=40972915
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2009/000186 WO2009155716A1 (de) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-03 | Optischer interferometrischer drucksensor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7707891B2 (de) |
JP (2) | JP5586595B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20110025747A (de) |
DE (1) | DE112009001192A5 (de) |
TW (1) | TW201003054A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009155716A1 (de) |
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DE102011051441A1 (de) * | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik und Photovoltaik GmbH | Druckwandlungsbasierter Sensor zur Bestimmung einer Messgrösse in einem Medium |
CN108027294A (zh) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-05-11 | 奥普森斯解决方案公司 | 具有减少的机械应力的光学压力传感器 |
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- 2009-06-03 KR KR1020107027156A patent/KR20110025747A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-06-03 DE DE112009001192T patent/DE112009001192A5/de not_active Ceased
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CN113252229A (zh) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-08-13 | 成都辰迈科技有限公司 | 一种非静止流体压力测量装置及其使用方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2014006268A (ja) | 2014-01-16 |
US7707891B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
US20090320605A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
JP2011525620A (ja) | 2011-09-22 |
TW201003054A (en) | 2010-01-16 |
DE112009001192A5 (de) | 2011-04-28 |
KR20110025747A (ko) | 2011-03-11 |
JP5586595B2 (ja) | 2014-09-10 |
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