WO2009144794A1 - 情報コード - Google Patents
情報コード Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009144794A1 WO2009144794A1 PCT/JP2008/059885 JP2008059885W WO2009144794A1 WO 2009144794 A1 WO2009144794 A1 WO 2009144794A1 JP 2008059885 W JP2008059885 W JP 2008059885W WO 2009144794 A1 WO2009144794 A1 WO 2009144794A1
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- color
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06037—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking multi-dimensional coding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06046—Constructional details
- G06K19/0614—Constructional details the marking being selective to wavelength, e.g. color barcode or barcodes only visible under UV or IR
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V30/00—Character recognition; Recognising digital ink; Document-oriented image-based pattern recognition
- G06V30/10—Character recognition
- G06V30/22—Character recognition characterised by the type of writing
- G06V30/224—Character recognition characterised by the type of writing of printed characters having additional code marks or containing code marks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K2019/06215—Aspects not covered by other subgroups
- G06K2019/06225—Aspects not covered by other subgroups using wavelength selection, e.g. colour code
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an information code capable of holding electronic data.
- the code and each cell are identified using a difference in color due to an optical system, the identification is easier as there is a difference in color (color difference) being used. Also, because the color changes due to the effects of color fading, printing unevenness, illumination light, etc., the narrower the area (color gamut judged to be that color) that each color used has, the easier it is to be identified as a different color, Increasing the number of colors used narrows the area that each color can hold, so increasing the number of colors used to improve recording density increases the rate of color misrecognition.
- a reading device is often used as a digital image of an image including a code using a camera, a scanner, or the like, and is restored by analyzing the data.
- the code Even if the code can be identified, the code is only an aggregate of pixels having color information with RGB values, and the code area and the other areas are not distinguished. Therefore, the only information source that can be used to distinguish the code area from the other areas digitally is only the color information (RGB values) of each pixel. For this reason, it is ideal to capture only the code area when importing image data, but it is actually possible to use commonly used image input devices such as digital cameras for mobile phones, web cameras and scanners for personal computers. In the use environment, it is difficult to incorporate only the code area, which is not practical.
- the same color as that used for the code may exist in an area other than the code, or the boundary line of the code or cell may become unclear due to a change in shadow or light source. In that case, it is difficult to identify the code and the cell area only with the color information. Furthermore, increasing the number of colors used in the code in order to improve the recording efficiency eliminates the color difference between the colors, and thus is easily affected by changes in shadows and light sources, making identification more difficult.
- the wavelength is in the vicinity of the color boundary. Since the code image captured from the printed material is converted from a wavelength to a digital image, the vicinity of the boundary line is converted into data with color information in which wavelengths of adjacent colors are mixed. Therefore, a gradation (gradual transition) is likely to occur near the boundary. The smaller the cell size, the closer to each other, the more pixel areas affected by the interference, and the more pixel areas not affected by the interference are lost.
- the conventional method of extracting code regions and identifying the color of each cell that relies on color component analysis requires a color difference and cell size that are not affected by the color change due to interference, so increase the number of colors. In other words, it is not reasonable as a means for decoding a color code that improves recording efficiency by reducing the number of cells.
- the color is determined by analyzing all the pixel information constituting the cell. In this case, since a large amount of pixel information is handled, the processing is burdened and it takes time to restore.
- the conventional code system has a weakness that the restoration accuracy is lowered when it is intended to improve the recording density on the print medium, and as a means for recording electronic data on the print medium, it has practicality. Lacks. Under a practical use environment, since restoration accuracy is required, it is used only with a cell size (standard) that can maintain accuracy. In order to use an information code as a means for recording electronic data on a print medium, a code system that can maintain restoration accuracy even when the recording density is improved and a restoration method thereof are necessary. Patent No. 3996520
- the present invention uses an information code according to two code standards, namely, a cutout code portion and a data recording code portion, and the cutout code is an initial clue for cutting out a code from an image.
- the code system is easy to cut out by analyzing the color components, and information necessary for cutting out and combining the data recording code portion can be acquired by this decoding. Therefore, an information code that can be cut out and decoded by mathematical calculation even for data recording code sections that are difficult to cut out and decode by analyzing the color components due to the number of colors and cell reduction due to high recording density The purpose is to do.
- the present invention can record the target electronic data at a high recording density and the cut-out code portion by the code system that can easily cut out the code area by analyzing the color component from the image data including the code area.
- the data recording code portion, and by decoding the cutout code portion, the data recording code portion can be cut out and decoded by mathematical calculation that does not rely only on the analysis of the color components, thereby increasing the number of colors and the number of cells.
- An information code that can improve the recording density of the data recording code portion by reduction is configured.
- Claim 2 can achieve the same effect as the above (1), and can further improve the recording density of the data recording code portion by decoding the cutout code portion.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of the best first embodiment for carrying out the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the best first embodiment for carrying out the present invention. Explanatory drawing of the extraction method of the area
- 1 is an information code of the present invention, and this information code 1 can be easily cut out of a code area by analyzing color components from image data. And a data recording code part 3 capable of recording the target electronic data at a high recording density.
- the data recording code part 3 can be analyzed only by analyzing the color component by decoding the cutting code part 2.
- the role of the cutout code unit 2 is to be a reference for easily cutting out the information code from the image data including the information code, and also to cut out the data recording code unit 3 and analyze the number and configuration of the cells. Is to encode the minimum necessary information. Because of its role, the code system to be used is one with high cutout and restoration accuracy. For example, the number of colors used is limited to 2 or 3 colors such as black and white or RGB and CMY, and by keeping the color difference, it is less affected by color fading, printing unevenness, illumination light, etc., or cell size Increase the size to make it easier to identify the shape.
- One method is to provide the cut-out code unit 2 with a function of a code system that focuses on restoration accuracy, such as the already-proven QR code and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-27029.
- the role of the data recording code section 3 is to have a code system that prioritizes recording efficiency in order to record electronic data. Therefore, it is ideal to use the maximum number of colors that can be used within a range where the target decoding accuracy can be maintained, and to reduce the cell size within a range that can be reproduced when printed.
- the code used for the cutout code unit 2 is not particularly limited and may be any code such as a bar code, a QR code, and a color code, but here, as an example, the encoding and decoding method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-27029 is used. Take it.
- the data recording code portion will be described with reference to FIG. 1 as an example of a general encoding method for assigning colors to bit patterns.
- the cut-out code part 2 includes a numerical value indicating the number of cells on one side of the data recording code part 3, the number of colors, the position of the data code, confirmation of up / down / left / right, code confirmation, cell size, code shape, etc. It is assumed that data used for extraction and decoding of a data recording code portion of one or more pieces of data is encoded.
- the data recording code unit 3 can express eight patterns in one cell or cell when eight colors are used. Therefore, the target electronic data to be converted into a code is expressed in a sequence of 0 and 1. When replaced with binary data, an array of 3 bits can be expressed in one cell. Therefore, 8 colors to be used are assigned to each 3-bit array pattern.
- the target electronic data may be compressed using a general compression technique such as ZIP or LZH, instead of code conversion as it is, in order to improve recording efficiency.
- a general compression technique such as ZIP or LZH
- Each cell has a line feed for each number calculated by rounding up the decimal point of the power root of (compressed file size ⁇ 8 ⁇ 3) so as to be expressed by the same number of cells in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the cutout code part 2 and the data recording code part 3 are arranged so as to have a certain positional relationship so that the position of the data recording code part 3 can be specified based on the cutout code part 2.
- the cut-out code 2 is 90-degree L-shaped, and is arranged so as to surround the data recording code portion 3 with a distance of one cell in the cut-out code portion according to the upper side and the left side. .
- the color can be printed without changing by converting the RGB value to the CMYK value according to the JAPAN color standard.
- JMPA the same applies to JMPA.
- the color may change due to differences in paper and printing machines (including printers). This is based on the paper quality and the color chart (printed material for colorimetry) output from the printing machine, grasps the characteristics of the paper and printing machine, converts it to data, and converts the RGB value to the CMYK value based on that data. Can be printed without changing the color.
- the method of converting RGB values to CMYK values is based on a profile that automatically converts from RGB to CMYK based on the printing standards, paper, and printing machine characteristics data (RGB when converting RGB values to CMYK values.
- This value of CMYK is automatically converted to each printing standard / standard by creating data such as this value of CMYK) and passing the data through the profile. If the converted data is printed, printing can be performed without changing the color, so that the decoding accuracy of the information code 1 is improved.
- a method for decoding the cut-out code 2 will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of FIG. 3, since the cell size is large and the number of colors is limited so that it can be cut out by analyzing the color component, it can be cut out by analyzing the conventional color component.
- the decoding method of the cut-out code 2 depends on the decoding method of the code system to be used.
- the point D is calculated based on the three ABC points of the cutout code part 2, and the information code area is cut out.
- a program for calculating the area of the data recording code portion 3 from the ABC point of the cutout code portion 2 for example, the B1 point is the cell 1 of the cutout code 2 from the cutout code B point toward the D point.
- A'B'C 'point is calculated according to the rule of a position twice the side length), and the data recording code part 3 is cut out
- the most ideal method for specifying the color of each cell is to specify the center of the cell that is not easily affected by interference, and to specify the color from the neighboring pixels.
- the center point of each cell of the data recording code section 3 can be calculated based on the numerical value. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4, it is assumed that a cut out code image is an image of 540 ⁇ 540 pixels and a numerical value 60 representing the number of cells on one side is acquired by decoding the cut out code 2. If it is considered that the cells are arranged uniformly, it can be seen that one cell is composed of 9 ⁇ 9 pixels.
- the center point of 9 ⁇ 9 pixels is located 5 ⁇ 5 pixels from the edge of the cell.
- the data recording code portion 3 is cut out as described above and the disturbing data is excluded, it is possible to find the center point by changing the color component value of the data recording code portion 3. Since the center point has a higher probability of keeping the assigned color component, for example, the closer the assigned color component value is, the closer the value is 100, and the farther the value is 0. In terms of expression, it is considered that the pixel that hits the peak of the waveform has a high probability of being the center point of the cell to which the color is assigned.
- the center point appears with a certain regularity at the location where cells of different colors are arranged. Since the interval between adjacent peaks is considered as the interval between adjacent cells and the center point of the cell, the point where the peak of the waveform is difficult to identify can be found from this interval by mathematical calculation.
- the color of the cell is specified from the center point of each cell calculated above or the color information of the pixels within a certain range from the center point.
- this cell is R
- 001 can be acquired by converting it into a bit pattern string according to the encoding assignment table.
- the center point of each cell calculated in this way, or a pixel within a certain range from the center point is the least affected by interference, and can be said to be the means for specifying the most accurate color. Further, since pixel information used for analysis can be minimized, calculation efficiency is high and high resolution is not required.
- a bit pattern string of the target electronic data can be acquired.
- the target electronic data can be acquired by assigning the extension. If it is a compressed file, it is decoded according to the decoding method of the compression technique used.
- the present invention is used in industries that use information codes that retain both recording density and restoration accuracy.
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Abstract
Description
セルのサイズが小さくなればなるほど、互いの境界が密接しあうため、干渉の影響を受けた画素領域が増え、干渉の影響をうけない画素領域はさらに失われてしまう。
2:切り出しコード部、
3:データ記録コード部。
その役割から、使用するコード体系は、切り出しや復元精度が高いものを使用する。例えば、使用する色の数は白黒またはRGBやCMYといった2色ないし3色に限定し、色差を保つことによって、色の退色、印刷ムラ、照明光などの影響を受け難くくしたり、セルのサイズを大きくすることで形状を識別しやすくする。
切り出しコード部2には、既に実績のあるQRコードや特公2008-27029のような復元精度に主眼を置いたコード体系に、その機能を持たせるのも一つの方法である。
そのため、目標とする復号精度を維持できる範囲において使用可能な最大限の色数を使用すること、および印刷した際に再現可能な範囲においてセルのサイズを縮小することが理想である。
切り出しコード部2に使用するコードは、バーコード、QRコード、カラーコード等、特に限定せず任意であったて良いが、ここでは一例として、特公2008-27029の符号化及び複合化方式をとるとする。データ記録コード部は、ビットパターンに色を割り当てる一般的な符号化方法をとるものとして、図1を例に解説する。
そこで、3bit分の各配列パターンに、使用する各8色を割り当てる。例えば、使用する色をRGBCMYKWとした場合、
001=R(R255、G000、B000)
010=G(R000、G255、B000)
100=B(R000、G000、B255)
011=C(R000、G128、B255)
110=M(R255、G000、B128)
101=Y(R255、G255、B000)
000=K(R000、G000、B000)
111=W(R255、G255、B255)
のRGB値を割り当てたとする。
ここでは、図2のように切り出しコード2を90度のL字型とし、データ記録コード部3の上辺と左辺に合わせ、切り出しコード部のセル1個分の距離を空けて囲むように配置する。
次に情報コード1を印刷するにあたり、情報コード1に割り当てた色と印刷された色に違いが出ないよう、事前にカラーマネージメント(印刷機またはプリンターの特性に合わせた色情報の変換)を行う。
これは、電子媒体上で生成された情報コード1の色はRGB値で色再現されており、印刷する場合はこのデータをCMYK値に変換しなくてはならず、通常の変換方法だと、印刷する紙や印刷機(プリンター含む)または印刷の色基準の違いにより同じデータでも色が変わってしまうため、正確な色情報で印刷媒体上に印刷することができないためである。
そこで、まず、印刷の色基準は国によってそれぞれの印刷基準があり、日本での代表的な印刷基準はJAPANカラー、JMPAなどである。
例えば、印刷するときの印刷基準がJAPANカラーであれば、RGB値からCMYK値へ変換するときにJAPANカラーの基準に合わせて変換することにより、色が変わらずに印刷することができる。JMPAでも同様である。
また、紙や印刷機(プリンター含む)の違いにより色が変わる場合もある。これは、紙質、印刷機から出力されるカラーチャート(測色用の印刷物)を基に、紙、印刷機の特性を把握し、それをデータ化して、そのデータを基にRGB値からCMYK値へ変換することにより色が変わらずに印刷できる。
RGB値からCMYK値に変換する方法は、印刷基準や紙、印刷機の特性のデータを基に、事前にRGBからCMYKに自動変換するプロファイル(RGBの値をCMYKの値に変換する際にRGBのこの値はCMYKのこの値といった割り当てを表したデータ)を作成し、そのプロファイルにデータを通すことにより自動的にそれぞれの印刷基準・規格に変換される。
その変換されたデータを印刷すれば色を変えることなく印刷ができるため、情報コード1の復号精度が向上する。
図3を用いて切り出しコード2の復号方法を説明する。図3の場合は色成分の分析で切り出しできるようにセルのサイズを大きく色数も限定しているので、従来の色成分の分析により切り出しできる。この切り出しコード2の復号方法は、利用するコード体系の復号方法による
図3の1~5のステップにより、切り出しコード部2との位置関係を利用した、データ記録コード部3を切り出しすることが可能。
色成分による判断では、デー記録コード部3とそれ以外の領域との識別が困難な場合でも、データ記録コード部3を切り出しすることが可能。
本発明は、切り出しコード2の復号の際に、一辺のセルの数を取得しているので、その数値をもとにデータ記録コード部3の各セルの中心点を算出できる。
例えば、図4に示すように、切り出しされたコード画像が540×540ピクセルの画像とし切り出しコード2の復号によって、1辺のセルの数を表す数値60を取得したとする。
セルが均等に配置されていると考えれば1個は9×9ピクセルで構成されていることがわかる。9×9ピクセルの中心点はセルの端から5×5ピクセルの位置にあることは容易に把握できる。
あるいは、前記によってデータ記録コード部3が切り出されており、邪魔なデータは排除されているので、データ記録コード部3の色の成分値の変化によって中心点を見つけることも可能である。中心点ほど割り当てられた色成分を保っている確率が高いため、例えば、割り当てられた色の成分値に近いほど100、遠いほど0として、前記によって切り出ししたデータ記録コード部3の画像を波形で表現すると、波形の山に当たる画素は、その色が割り当てられたセルの中心点である確率が高いと考えられる。割り当てた各色の波形の山の頂点を一つの出現分布図にすると、色が違うセルが配列されている箇所は、一定の規則性を持って中心点が出現していることがわかる。隣り合う山と山の間隔が隣り合うセルとセルの中心点の間隔と考えられるので、波形の山が特定しにくい点は、この間隔から数学的計算によって見つけることができる。
A(R 255、G010、B004)
B(R 245、G006、B002)
C(R 250、G020、B020)
D(R 239、G000、B000)
E(R 248、G013、B014)
F(R 251、G003、B006)
G(R 254、G010、B001)
H(R 255、G002、B000)
I(R 255、G001、B004)
とする。
各画素の色を、符号化の際に割り当てたRGBCMYKWの色成分にもっとも近い色として判断すると、R(R255、G000、B000)と特定できる。
このセルをRとした場合、符号化の割り当て表に従って、ビットパターン列に変換すると001を取得できる。
これにより算出された各セルの中心点、または中心点から一定の範囲にある画素は、干渉の影響を最も受けていないため、最も正確な色を特定する手段と言える。
また、分析に用いる画素情報を最小限に抑えることができるため、計算効率が良く、高い解像度を必要としない。
圧縮されたファイルであれば、使用した圧縮技術の復号方法に従って復号をする。
Claims (2)
- コード領域を含む画像データから色成分の分析によりコード領域の切り出しが容易なコード体系による切り出しコード部と、対象電子データを高記録密度で記録可能なデータ記録コード部とからなり、切り出しコード部の復号によって、前記データ記録コード部を色成分の分析のみに頼らない数学的計算により抽出と復号を可能とすることで色数の増加やセルの縮小によってデータ記録コード部の記録密度を向上させることができることを特徴とする情報コード。
- 切り出しコード部にはデータコードの位置、上下左右の確認、コードの確認、セルのサイズ、セルの数、色数、コードの形状のうちの2個以上のデータが符号化されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の情報コード。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/995,058 US20110110586A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2008-05-29 | Information code |
KR1020097011703A KR20110027524A (ko) | 2008-05-29 | 2008-05-29 | 정보 코드 |
CN200880024732A CN101743558A (zh) | 2008-05-29 | 2008-05-29 | 信息编码 |
JP2010514289A JP4838387B2 (ja) | 2008-05-29 | 2008-05-29 | 情報コード及び情報コード復号方法 |
PCT/JP2008/059885 WO2009144794A1 (ja) | 2008-05-29 | 2008-05-29 | 情報コード |
TW098117784A TW201009716A (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2009-05-27 | Information code |
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PCT/JP2008/059885 WO2009144794A1 (ja) | 2008-05-29 | 2008-05-29 | 情報コード |
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JP (1) | JP4838387B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20110027524A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101743558A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201009716A (ja) |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011108605A1 (ja) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | カラーコード・テクノロジーズ株式会社 | 2次元カラーコードの作成方法および復号方法 |
CN102509143A (zh) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 连续型大容量多进制条码显示与解析方法 |
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- 2008-05-29 WO PCT/JP2008/059885 patent/WO2009144794A1/ja active Application Filing
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Cited By (11)
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WO2011108605A1 (ja) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | カラーコード・テクノロジーズ株式会社 | 2次元カラーコードの作成方法および復号方法 |
CN102509143A (zh) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 连续型大容量多进制条码显示与解析方法 |
CN102509143B (zh) * | 2011-11-29 | 2014-10-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 连续型大容量多进制条码显示与解析方法 |
JP2014011675A (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-20 | Sharp Corp | 情報処理装置 |
JP2014011680A (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-20 | Sharp Corp | 画像データを表示可能な電気機器 |
JP2014112366A (ja) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-19 | Konicaminolta Laboratory Usa Inc | 極めて小さいデータセルを有する印刷されたカラーバーコードの確実な復号化 |
JP2017191420A (ja) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | 溝口 さとし | 二次元コード記録媒体および二次元コード読取方法 |
JP2017228005A (ja) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-28 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | 位置特定装置及び位置特定方法 |
US10614275B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2020-04-07 | Mitutoyo Corporation | Position specifying apparatus and position specifying method |
JP2020507831A (ja) * | 2016-12-20 | 2020-03-12 | ユニバーシダッド デ アリカンテ | 長距離高密度視覚マーカの検出および認識方法 |
WO2023222934A1 (es) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-11-23 | Nuevos Sistemas Tecnologicos, S.L. | Producto de consumo, que comprende un envase externo con código visible y sistema que incluye al producto |
Also Published As
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JP4838387B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
JPWO2009144794A1 (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
CN101743558A (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
KR20110027524A (ko) | 2011-03-16 |
TW201009716A (en) | 2010-03-01 |
US20110110586A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
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